101
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Valadbeigi Y. CBS-Q and DFT calculations of lithium and sodium cations affinities and basicities of 60 organic molecules. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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102
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Poad BLJ, Reed ND, Hansen CS, Trevitt AJ, Blanksby SJ, Mackay EG, Sherburn MS, Chan B, Radom L. Preparation of an ion with the highest calculated proton affinity: ortho-diethynylbenzene dianion. Chem Sci 2016; 7:6245-6250. [PMID: 30034765 PMCID: PMC6024202 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc01726f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the increased proton affinity that results from additional negative charges, multiply-charged anions are shown as a route to preparing powerful ‘superbases’.
Owing to the increased proton affinity that results from additional negative charges, multiply-charged anions have been proposed as one route to prepare and access a range of new and powerful “superbases”. Paradoxically, while the additional electrons in polyanions increase basicity they serve to diminish the electron binding energy and thus, it had been thought, hinder experimental synthesis. We report the synthesis and isolation of the ortho-diethynylbenzene dianion (ortho-DEB2–) and present observations of this novel species undergoing gas-phase proton-abstraction reactions. Using a theoretical model based on Marcus–Hush theory, we attribute the stability of ortho-DEB2– to the presence of a barrier that prevents spontaneous electron detachment. The proton affinity of 1843 kJ mol–1 calculated for this dianion superbase using high-level quantum chemistry calculations significantly exceeds that of the lithium monoxide anion, the most basic system previously prepared. The ortho-diethynylbenzene dianion is therefore the strongest base that has been experimentally observed to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berwyck L J Poad
- Central Analytical Research Facility , Institute for Future Environments , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , QLD 4001 , Australia . .,School of Chemistry , University of Wollongong , Gwynneville , NSW 2522 , Australia
| | - Nicholas D Reed
- School of Chemistry , University of Wollongong , Gwynneville , NSW 2522 , Australia
| | - Christopher S Hansen
- School of Chemistry , University of Wollongong , Gwynneville , NSW 2522 , Australia
| | - Adam J Trevitt
- School of Chemistry , University of Wollongong , Gwynneville , NSW 2522 , Australia
| | - Stephen J Blanksby
- Central Analytical Research Facility , Institute for Future Environments , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , QLD 4001 , Australia .
| | - Emily G Mackay
- Research School of Chemistry , Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
| | - Michael S Sherburn
- Research School of Chemistry , Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
| | - Bun Chan
- School of Chemistry , University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia
| | - Leo Radom
- School of Chemistry , University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia
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103
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Ci C, Carbó JJ, Neumann R, Graaf CD, Poblet JM. Photoreduction Mechanism of CO2 to CO Catalyzed by a Rhenium(I)–Polyoxometalate Hybrid Compound. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b01638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Ci
- Department
de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, People’s Republic of China
- Institute
of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jorge J. Carbó
- Department
de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Ronny Neumann
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Coen de Graaf
- Department
de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Josep M. Poblet
- Department
de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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104
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Gupta M, da Silva EF, Svendsen HF. Postcombustion CO2 Capture Solvent Characterization Employing the Explicit Solvation Shell Model and Continuum Solvation Models. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:9034-50. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b04049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Gupta
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Eirik F. da Silva
- Department
of Process Technology, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Trondheim 7034, Norway
| | - Hallvard F. Svendsen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
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105
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Saame J, Rodima T, Tshepelevitsh S, Kütt A, Kaljurand I, Haljasorg T, Koppel IA, Leito I. Experimental Basicities of Superbasic Phosphonium Ylides and Phosphazenes. J Org Chem 2016; 81:7349-61. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaan Saame
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila Str, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Toomas Rodima
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila Str, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sofja Tshepelevitsh
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila Str, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Agnes Kütt
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila Str, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ivari Kaljurand
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila Str, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tõiv Haljasorg
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila Str, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ilmar A. Koppel
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila Str, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ivo Leito
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila Str, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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106
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Effects of ionization on stability of 1-methylcytosine - DFT and PCM studies. J Mol Model 2016; 22:146. [PMID: 27259531 PMCID: PMC4893064 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-016-3020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Consequences of ionization were studied by quantum-chemical methods (DFT and PCM) for 1-methylcytosine (MC)—a model of the nucleobase cytosine (C) connected with sugar in DNA. For calculations, three prototropic tautomers (one amino and two imino forms) and two imino zwitterions were considered, including conformational or configurational isomerism of exo heterogroups. Ionization and interactions between neighboring groups affect intramolecular proton-transfers, geometric and thermodynamic parameters, and electron delocalization for individual isomers. We discovered that an imino isomer is present in the isomeric mixture in the highest amount for positively ionized MC. Its contribution in neutral and negatively ionized MC is considerably smaller. Acid-base parameters for selected radical ions were estimated in the gas phase and compared to those of neutral MC. Gas-phase acidity of radical cations is close to that of the conjugate acid of MC, and gas-phase basicity of radical anions is close to that of the conjugate base of MC. Various routes of amino-imino conversion between neutral and ionized isomers were considered. Energetic-barrier for intramolecular proton-transfer in MC is close to that in the parent system—formamidine.
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107
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Kondrashov EV, Oznobikhina LP, Aksamentova TN, Chipanina NN, Romanov AR, Rulev AY. Basicity of the polydentate captodative aminoenones. Ab initio
, DFT, and FTIR study. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. V. Kondrashov
- A. E. Favorsky Institute of Chemistry; Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 1 Favorsky St. 664033 Irkutsk Russia
| | - L. P. Oznobikhina
- A. E. Favorsky Institute of Chemistry; Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 1 Favorsky St. 664033 Irkutsk Russia
| | - T. N. Aksamentova
- A. E. Favorsky Institute of Chemistry; Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 1 Favorsky St. 664033 Irkutsk Russia
| | - N. N. Chipanina
- A. E. Favorsky Institute of Chemistry; Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 1 Favorsky St. 664033 Irkutsk Russia
| | - A. R. Romanov
- A. E. Favorsky Institute of Chemistry; Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 1 Favorsky St. 664033 Irkutsk Russia
| | - A. Yu. Rulev
- A. E. Favorsky Institute of Chemistry; Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 1 Favorsky St. 664033 Irkutsk Russia
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108
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Barić D, Kovačević B. Cyclopropenimine as pincer ligand and strong electron donor in proton sponges. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Barić
- Group for Computational Life Sciences; Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute; Bijenička 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Borislav Kovačević
- Group for Computational Life Sciences; Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute; Bijenička 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
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109
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Kaljurand I, Saame J, Rodima T, Koppel I, Koppel IA, Kögel JF, Sundermeyer J, Köhn U, Coles MP, Leito I. Experimental Basicities of Phosphazene, Guanidinophosphazene, and Proton Sponge Superbases in the Gas Phase and Solution. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:2591-604. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b01552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivari Kaljurand
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a Str, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaan Saame
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a Str, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Toomas Rodima
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a Str, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ivar Koppel
- Institute
of Computer Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2 Str, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ilmar A. Koppel
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a Str, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Julius F. Kögel
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Sundermeyer
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Köhn
- Institut
für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Martyn P. Coles
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ivo Leito
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a Str, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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110
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Rangarajan S, Mavrikakis M. DFT Insights into the Competitive Adsorption of Sulfur- and Nitrogen-Containing Compounds and Hydrocarbons on Co-Promoted Molybdenum Sulfide Catalysts. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Rangarajan
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Manos Mavrikakis
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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111
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Margetić D, Antol I. A DFT study of endocyclic allenes: unprecedentedly superbasic hydrocarbons. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj00623j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Extremely high basicities were predicted for allenes incorporated in seven-membered rings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivana Antol
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- HR-10002 Zagreb
- Croatia
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112
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Designing a next generation of proton sponges: cyclopropeniminophosphazenes as the strongest pincer ligands. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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113
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Sánchez-Sanz G, Trujillo C, Alkorta I, Elguero J. Modulating intramolecular P⋯N pnictogen interactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:9148-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00227g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The strength of P⋯N intramolecular pnictogen interactions can be modulated, enhanced or diminished upon substitution of different electron withdrawing or donor groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Trujillo
- School of Chemistry
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica
- CSIC
- E-28006 Madrid
- Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica
- CSIC
- E-28006 Madrid
- Spain
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114
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Saftić D, Vianello R, Žinić B. 5-Triazolyluracils and TheirN1-Sulfonyl Derivatives: Intriguing Reactivity Differences in the Sulfonation of TriazoleN1′-Substituted andN1′-Unsubstituted Uracil Molecules. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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115
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Comparison of electron and chemical ionization modes for the quantification of thiols and oxidative compounds in white wines by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1415:123-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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116
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Raczyńska ED, Makowski M, Maria PC, Gal JF. Can Nitriles Be Stronger Bases Than Proton Sponges in the Gas Phase? A Computational Analysis. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:8225-36. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b04617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa D. Raczyńska
- Department
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), ul.
Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Mariusz Makowski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Pierre-Charles Maria
- Institut
de Chimie de Nice (ICN) − UMR CNRS 7272, University Nice Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Jean-François Gal
- Institut
de Chimie de Nice (ICN) − UMR CNRS 7272, University Nice Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
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117
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Vitorino J, Leal JP, Minas da Piedade ME. Gas-Phase Affinity Scales for Typical Ionic Liquid Moieties Determined by using Cooks' Kinetic Method. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:1969-77. [PMID: 25891168 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Gas-phase affinity studies based on cations and anions commonly present in ionic liquid structures, give quantitative information about the magnitude of the interactions holding the two species together when ILs are formed. They also provide clues on how these interactions depend on the nature of the cationic and anionic moieties. In the present work, mass spectrometric experiments, performed using electrospray ionization quadrupole ion-trap and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, were used to obtain two affinity scales by Cooks' kinetic method: one scale for the various cations for the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion, [NTf2 ](-) , and another for the different anions for the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation, [C4 mim](+) . The obtained results are compared with previously reported data and discussed in terms of the structural characteristics of the different cationic and anionic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Vitorino
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica e Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-016 Lisboa (Portugal)
| | - João Paulo Leal
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica e Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-016 Lisboa (Portugal).,Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-068 Bobadela (Portugal)
| | - Manuel E Minas da Piedade
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica e Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-016 Lisboa (Portugal).
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118
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Leito I, Koppel IA, Koppel I, Kaupmees K, Tshepelevitsh S, Saame J. Basicity Limits of Neutral Organic Superbases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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119
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Leito I, Koppel IA, Koppel I, Kaupmees K, Tshepelevitsh S, Saame J. Basicity Limits of Neutral Organic Superbases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9262-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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120
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Khamaru K, Ganguly B. In silico design of adamantane derived organic superbases with an extended hydrogen bond network and their use as molecular containers for the storage of H2 and CO2. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19206d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
DFT calculations predicted that amine substituted adamantane derivatives can function as organic superbases and can be used for gas storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Khamaru
- Computation and Simulation Unit
- Analytical Discipline & Centralized Instrument Facility, and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar
- India
| | - Bishwajit Ganguly
- Computation and Simulation Unit
- Analytical Discipline & Centralized Instrument Facility, and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar
- India
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121
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Barić D, Dragičević I, Kovačević B. Cyclopropenimine as a hydrogen bond acceptor—towards the strongest non-phosphorus superbases. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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122
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Munshi MK, Gade SM, Mane MV, Mishra D, Pal S, Vanka K, Rane VH, Kelkar AA. 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU): A highly efficient catalyst in glycerol carbonate synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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123
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Antol I, Glasovac Z, Crespo-Otero R, Barbatti M. Guanidine and guanidinium cation in the excited state--theoretical investigation. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:074307. [PMID: 25149786 DOI: 10.1063/1.4892569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse ab initio and density-functional-theory methods were used to investigate geometries, energies, and electronic absorption spectra of guanidine and its protonated form, as well as their photo-deactivation processes. It was shown that the guanidine is a weakly absorbing species with the excitation spectrum consisting mostly of transitions to the Rydberg excited states and one valence n-π4 state. The lowest energy band has a maximum at ca. 6.9 eV (∼180 nm). The protonation of guanidine affects its excitation spectrum substantially. A major shift of the Rydberg states to higher energies is clearly visible and strongly absorbing transitions from the ground state to the π3-π4 and π2-π4 states appears at 7.8 eV (∼160 nm). Three low-lying conical intersections (two for guanidine and one for protonated guanidine) between the ground state and the first excited singlet state were located. They are accessible from the Franck-Condon region through amino N-H stretching and out-of-plane deformations in guanidine and protonated guanidine, respectively. The relaxation of the π3-3s Rydberg state via amino N-H bond stretching was hindered by a barrier. The nondissociated conical intersection in protonated guanidine mediates the radiationless deactivation of the compound after excitation into the π3-π4 state. This fact is detrimental for the photostability of guanidine, since its conjugate acid is stable in aqueous solution over a wide pH range and in protein environment, where guanidinium moiety in arginine is expected to be in a protonated form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Antol
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, P.O. Box 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zoran Glasovac
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, P.O. Box 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rachel Crespo-Otero
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Mario Barbatti
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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124
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Affiliation(s)
- Stein Kolboe
- inGAP Center
for Research Based Innovation, Department
of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O.
Box 1033, 0315, Oslo, Norway
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125
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Sterkhova IV, Lazarev IM, Nikonov AY, Lazareva NF. Conformational structure of N-(silylmethyl)anilines PhNHCH2SiMe n (OEt)3-n (n = 0–3). RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363214060115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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126
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Kögel JF, Xie X, Baal E, Gesevičius D, Oelkers B, Kovačević B, Sundermeyer J. Superbasic Alkyl‐Substituted Bisphosphazene Proton Sponges: Synthesis, Structural Features, Thermodynamic and Kinetic Basicity, Nucleophilicity and Coordination Chemistry. Chemistry 2014; 20:7670-85. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julius F. Kögel
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps‐Universität Marburg, Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße, 35032 Marburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 642128‐25711
| | - Xiulan Xie
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps‐Universität Marburg, Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße, 35032 Marburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 642128‐25711
| | - Eduard Baal
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps‐Universität Marburg, Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße, 35032 Marburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 642128‐25711
| | - Donatas Gesevičius
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps‐Universität Marburg, Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße, 35032 Marburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 642128‐25711
| | - Benjamin Oelkers
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps‐Universität Marburg, Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße, 35032 Marburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 642128‐25711
| | - Borislav Kovačević
- Quantum Chemistry Group, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000 Zagreb (Croatia)
| | - Jörg Sundermeyer
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps‐Universität Marburg, Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße, 35032 Marburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 642128‐25711
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127
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Sterkhova IV, Moskalik MY, Shainyan BA. Conformations and Self-association of Trifluoro-N-(3-formylcyclohept-2-en-1-yl)methanesulfonamide. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428014030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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128
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Kögel JF, Abacılar NC, Weber F, Oelkers B, Harms K, Kovačević B, Sundermeyer J. Constrained-Geometry Bisphosphazides Derived from 1,8-Diazidonaphthalene: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characteristics, Structural Features, and Theoretical Investigations. Chemistry 2014; 20:5994-6009. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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129
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Rondino F, Catone D, Mattioli G, Bonapasta AA, Bolognesi P, Casavola AR, Coreno M, O'Keeffe P, Avaldi L. Competition between electron-donor and electron-acceptor substituents in nitrotoluene isomers: a photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio investigation. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45705b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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130
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Štrukil V, Lekšić E, Meštrović E, Eckert-Maksić M. The Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Peralkylated Triguanide Superbases. Aust J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/ch14233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Organic superbases derived from a peralkylated triguanide framework have been synthesized in a coupling reaction between monosubstituted guanidines and a Vilsmeier salt. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the chloride salt allowed the structural characterization of the benzyl derivative for the first time and revealed an effective delocalization of the positive charge despite significant distortion of the triguanide cation planarity. With the calculated gas phase basicity ranging from 262 to 265 kcal mol–1 and pKa values in acetonitrile between 28 and 30, these compounds have been evaluated as potential organocatalysts in the transesterification reaction of vegetable oil.
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131
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Glasovac Z, Eckert-Maksić M. Effect of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds on the Gas-Phase Basicity of Guanidines. Aust J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/ch14182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Three series of novel trisubstituted guanidines containing at least one hydrogen bond accepting (HBA) group were modelled using B3LYP/6–311+G(2df,p)//B3LYP/6–31G(d) calculations. Their structure was modified by incorporating a variety of different HBA groups covering a wide range of hydrogen bond strengths. Calculated gas-phase basicities (GBs) ranged from 1035 to 1181 kJ mol–1 depending on the nature of the substituent. To rationalise changes in the GB, a correlation of GB against two independent variables (pKHB and σ4B) was conducted where pKHB served as the descriptor of the hydrogen bond strength and σ4B was introduced to describe changes in the GBs in the open-chain model systems, i.e. in the absence of intramolecular hydrogen bond (IMHB), caused by the electronic effect of the propyl-HBA substituent. A very good correlation of the calculated gas-phase basicities against these two independent variables was established for all three sets of the bases.
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132
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Despotović I, Vianello R. Engineering exceptionally strong oxygen superbases with 1,8-diazanaphthalene di-N-oxides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:10941-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05125d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1,8-Diazanaphthalene di-N-oxides show extraordinary oxygen basicity, being almost entirely a consequence of a large strain-induced destabilization in neutral forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Despotović
- Quantum Organic Chemistry Group
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Robert Vianello
- Quantum Organic Chemistry Group
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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133
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Sánchez-Sanz G, Trujillo C, Alkorta I, Elguero J. Intramolecular pnicogen interactions in phosphorus and arsenic analogues of proton sponges. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:15900-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01072h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A computational study of the intramolecular pnicogen bond in 1,8-bis-substituted naphthalene derivatives (ZXH and ZX2 with Z = P, As and X = H, F, Cl, and Br), structurally related to proton sponges, has been carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goar Sánchez-Sanz
- School of Physics & Complex and Adaptive Systems Laboratory
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Cristina Trujillo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Gilead Sciences Research Center & IOCB
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC)
- 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC)
- 28006-Madrid, Spain
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134
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Vazdar K, Kunetskiy R, Saame J, Kaupmees K, Leito I, Jahn U. Very Strong Organosuperbases Formed by Combining Imidazole and Guanidine Bases: Synthesis, Structure, and Basicity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 53:1435-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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135
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Vazdar K, Kunetskiy R, Saame J, Kaupmees K, Leito I, Jahn U. Sehr starke Organosuperbasen durch Verknüpfung von Imidazol- und Guanidinbasen - Synthese, Struktur und Basizität. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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136
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137
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Kögel JF, Oelkers B, Kovačević B, Sundermeyer J. A New Synthetic Pathway to the Second and Third Generation of Superbasic Bisphosphazene Proton Sponges: The Run for the Best Chelating Ligand for a Proton. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:17768-74. [DOI: 10.1021/ja409760z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julius F. Kögel
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Oelkers
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Borislav Kovačević
- Quantum Chemistry
Group, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000 Zagreb-HR, Croatia
| | - Jörg Sundermeyer
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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138
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Ding XH, Li YH, Wang S, Li XA, Huang W. Proton-transfer supramolecular salts based on proton sponge 2,2′-dipyridylamine. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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139
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Bachrach SM. Amine Superbases Stabilized by Extended Hydrogen Bond Networks. J Org Chem 2013; 78:10909-16. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4018974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven M. Bachrach
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, 1 Trinity Place, San Antonio, Texas 78212, United States
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140
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Gupta M, da Silva EF, Svendsen HF. Explicit Solvation Shell Model and Continuum Solvation Models for Solvation Energy and pKa Determination of Amino Acids. J Chem Theory Comput 2013; 9:5021-37. [DOI: 10.1021/ct400459y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Gupta
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eirik F. da Silva
- Department
of Process Technology, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hallvard F. Svendsen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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141
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142
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Yáñez M, Mó O, Alkorta I, Elguero J. Can Conventional Bases and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Be Converted into Gas-Phase Superacids That Are Stronger than Most of the Known Oxyacids? The Role of Beryllium Bonds. Chemistry 2013; 19:11637-43. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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143
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Klapp LRR, Bruhn C, Leibold M, Siemeling U. Ferrocene-Based Bis(guanidines): Superbases for Tridentate N,Fe,N-Coordination. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400454v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lutz R. R. Klapp
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße
40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße
40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Michael Leibold
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße
40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Ulrich Siemeling
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße
40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
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144
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Abboud JLM, Koppel IA, Koppel I. Additivity of substituent effects on the acidity of alcohols. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José-Luis M. Abboud
- Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano, CSIC; C/Serrano, 119; E-28006; Madrid; Spain
| | - Ilmar A. Koppel
- University of Tartu; Institute of Chemistry; 14A, Ravila Street; Tartu; 50411; Estonia
| | - Ivar Koppel
- University of Tartu; Institute of Chemistry; 14A, Ravila Street; Tartu; 50411; Estonia
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145
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Gas phase Lewis acidity and basicity scales for boranes, phosphines and amines based on the formation of donor–acceptor complexes. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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146
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Biswas AK, Lo R, Ganguly B. First Principles Studies toward the Design of Silylene Superbases: A Density Functional Theory Study. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:3109-17. [DOI: 10.1021/jp401076j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abul Kalam Biswas
- Analytical Discipline and Centralized Instrument Facility, Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India 364 002
| | - Rabindranath Lo
- Analytical Discipline and Centralized Instrument Facility, Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India 364 002
| | - Bishwajit Ganguly
- Analytical Discipline and Centralized Instrument Facility, Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India 364 002
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147
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Bouchoux G. From the mobile proton to wandering hydride ion: mechanistic aspects of gas-phase ion chemistry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2013; 48:505-518. [PMID: 23584944 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Structural characterization of molecular species by mass spectrometry supposes the knowledge of the type of ions generated and the mechanism by which they dissociate. In this context, a need for a rationalization of electrospray ionization(+)(-) mass spectra of small molecules has been recently expressed. Similarly, at the other end of the mass scale, efforts are currently made to interpret the major fragmentation processes of protonated and deprotonated peptides and their reduced forms produced in electron capture or electron transfer experiments. Most fragmentation processes of molecular and pseudo-molecular ions produced in the ion source of a mass spectrometer may be described by a combination of several key mechanistic steps: simple bond dissociation, formation of ion-neutral complex intermediates, hydrogen atom, hydride ion or proton migrations and nucleophilic attack. Selected crucial aspects of these elementary reactions, occurring inside positively charged ions, will be recalled and illustrated by examples taken in recent mass spectrometry literature. Emphasis will be given on the protonation process and its consequence in terms of structure and energetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Bouchoux
- Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels. Ecole Polytechnique. CNRS, Université Paris-sud, 91128, Palaiseau, France.
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148
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Šekutor M, Glasovac Z, Mlinarić-Majerski K. Neighboring effect in fragmentation pathways of cage guanylhydrazones in the gas phase. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:2242-52. [PMID: 23413989 DOI: 10.1021/jp311049f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ESI-MS/MS investigation of the mono- and bis(guanylhydrazone) derivatives 1-5 based on adamantane and pentacycloundecane (PCU) skeleton was described. Elimination of neutral guanidine is the most abundant reaction channel in the case of 2,4-adamantyl and PCU derivatives 4 and 5, while the elimination of CH2N2 fragment is preferred for other compounds. This was attributed to the cage opening of adamantane or PCU skeletons in the former case leading to the formation of the cyclohexyl- or cyclopropylcarbinyl carbocation stabilized by the conjugation with the guanylhydrazone subunit. The main fragmentation pathways observed experimentally were analyzed by using DFT calculations. All investigated bis(guanylhydrazone)s formed dications and their abundances were found to be proportional to the interguanidine distance in the considered ions. Calculation of the first and the second proton affinities supported qualitative interpretation of the dication abundance. Close contact of two guanidine subunits is thus confirmed to be crucial in determining preferential fragmentation pathway and to suppress formation of the dication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Šekutor
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, P.O. Box 180, 10 002 Zagreb, Croatia
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149
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Barić D, Dragičević I, Kovačević B. Design of Superbasic Guanidines: The Role of Multiple Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds. J Org Chem 2013; 78:4075-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400396d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Barić
- Quantum Organic
Chemistry Group, Division of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Dragičević
- Quantum Organic
Chemistry Group, Division of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Borislav Kovačević
- Quantum Organic
Chemistry Group, Division of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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150
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Jo J, Olasz A, Chen CH, Lee D. Interdigitated Hydrogen Bonds: Electrophile Activation for Covalent Capture and Fluorescence Turn-On Detection of Cyanide. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:3620-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ja312313f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junyong Jo
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East
Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - András Olasz
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East
Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Chun-Hsing Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East
Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Dongwhan Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East
Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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