101
|
Ogilby PR. Singlet oxygen: there is still something new under the sun, and it is better than ever. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2010; 9:1543-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00213e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
102
|
Jian F, Wang J, Xiao H, Zhao P, Sun P, Huang L. [60]Fullerene metal complexes with large effective two-photon absorption cross-section. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:11045-52. [DOI: 10.1039/b926935e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
103
|
Drouet S, Paul-Roth CO. Fluorenyl dendrimer porphyrins: synthesis and photophysical properties. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
104
|
Stephanopoulos N, Carrico Z, Francis M. Nanoscale Integration of Sensitizing Chromophores and Porphyrins with Bacteriophage MS2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200902727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
105
|
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Shi Li
- ERATO-SORST “Nanospace Project”, Japan Science and Technology Agency, National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation, 2-41 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan, and Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, and Centre for NanoBio Integration, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takuzo Aida
- ERATO-SORST “Nanospace Project”, Japan Science and Technology Agency, National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation, 2-41 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan, and Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, and Centre for NanoBio Integration, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Xing C, Xu Q, Tang H, Liu L, Wang S. Conjugated Polymer/Porphyrin Complexes for Efficient Energy Transfer and Improving Light-Activated Antibacterial Activity. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:13117-24. [DOI: 10.1021/ja904492x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengfen Xing
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Libing Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Maes
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium, Fax: +32‐16‐327990
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium, Fax: +32‐16‐327990
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Abdallah D, Whelan J, Dust JM, Hoz S, Buncel E. Energy Transfer in the Azobenzene−Naphthalene Light Harvesting System. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:6640-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp901596t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Abdallah
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6 Canada, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, K7K 7B4 Canada, Departments of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Sir Wilfred Grenfell College (SWGC), Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador, A2H 6P9 Canada, and Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Jamie Whelan
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6 Canada, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, K7K 7B4 Canada, Departments of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Sir Wilfred Grenfell College (SWGC), Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador, A2H 6P9 Canada, and Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Julian M. Dust
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6 Canada, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, K7K 7B4 Canada, Departments of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Sir Wilfred Grenfell College (SWGC), Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador, A2H 6P9 Canada, and Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Shmaryahu Hoz
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6 Canada, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, K7K 7B4 Canada, Departments of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Sir Wilfred Grenfell College (SWGC), Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador, A2H 6P9 Canada, and Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Erwin Buncel
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6 Canada, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, K7K 7B4 Canada, Departments of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Sir Wilfred Grenfell College (SWGC), Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador, A2H 6P9 Canada, and Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Banerjee SS, Chen DH. A multifunctional magnetic nanocarrier bearing fluorescent dye for targeted drug delivery by enhanced two-photon triggered release. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:185103. [PMID: 19420604 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/18/185103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel nanoformulation for targeted drug delivery which utilizes nanophotonics through the fusion of nanotechnology with biomedical application. The approach involves an energy-transferring magnetic nanoscopic co-assembly fabricated of rhodamine B (RDB) fluorescent dye grafted gum arabic modified Fe(3)O(4) magnetic nanoparticle and photosensitive linker by which dexamethasone drug is conjugated to the magnetic nano-assembly. The advantage offered by this nanoformulation is the indirect photo-triggered-on-demand drug release by efficient up-converting energy of the near-IR (NIR) light to higher energy and intraparticle energy transfer from the dye grafted magnetic nanoparticle to the linker for drug release by cleavage. The synthesized nanoparticles were found to be of ultra-small size (13.33 nm) and are monodispersed in an aqueous suspension. Dexamethasone (Dexa) drug conjugated to RDB-GAMNP by photosensitive linker showed appreciable release of Dexa by photo-triggered response on exposure to radiation having a wavelength in the NIR region whereas no detectable release was observed in the dark. Photo-triggered response for the nanoformulation not bearing the rhodamine B dye was drastically less as less Dexa was released on exposure to NIR radiation which suggest that the photo-cleavage of linker and release of Dexa mainly originated from the indirect excitation through the uphill energy conversions based on donor-acceptor model FRET. The promising pathway of nanophotonics for the on-demand release of the drug makes this nanocarrier very promising for applications in nanomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shashwat S Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | |
Collapse
|
110
|
Light Harvesting and Efficient Energy Transfer in Dendritic Systems: New Strategy for Functionalized Near-Infrared BF2-Azadipyrromethenes. Chem Asian J 2009; 4:707-13. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200800391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
111
|
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Tekade
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar-470 003, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
112
|
Wan Y, Jia K, Li B, Bo Z, Xia A. Enhancement of two-photon absorption cross section and singlet-oxygen generation in porphyrin-cored star polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-008-0157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
113
|
Hao F, Zhang X, Tian Y, Zhou H, Li L, Wu J, Zhang S, Yang J, Jin B, Tao X, Zhou G, Jiang M. Design, crystal structures and enhanced frequency-upconverted lasing efficiencies of a new series of dyes from hybrid of inorganic polymers and organic chromophores. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b914656c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
114
|
Balaz M, Collins HA, Dahlstedt E, Anderson HL. Synthesis of hydrophilic conjugated porphyrin dimers for one-photon and two-photon photodynamic therapy at NIR wavelengths. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:874-88. [DOI: 10.1039/b814789b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
115
|
Kim JS, Lee SY, Yoon J, Vicens J. Hyperbranched calixarenes: synthesis and applications as fluorescent probes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:4791-802. [DOI: 10.1039/b900328b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
116
|
|
117
|
Wu C, Xu QH. Enhanced One- and Two-Photon Excitation Emission of a Porphyrin Photosensitizer by FRET from a Conjugated Polyelectrolyte. Macromol Rapid Commun 2008; 30:504-8. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200800655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
118
|
Banerjee SS, Chen DH. Multifunctional pH-sensitive magnetic nanoparticles for simultaneous imaging, sensing and targeted intracellular anticancer drug delivery. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:505104. [PMID: 19942761 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/50/505104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel multifunctional magnetic nanocarrier was fabricated for synchronous cancer therapy and sensing. The nanocarrier, programed to display a response to environmental stimuli (pH value), was synthesized by coupling doxorubicin (DOX) to adipic dihydrazide-grafted gum arabic modified magnetic nanoparticles (ADH-GAMNP) via the hydrolytically degradable pH-sensitive hydrazone bond. The resultant nanocarrier, DOX-ADH-GAMNP, had a mean diameter of 13.8 nm and the amount of DOX coupled was about 6.52 mg g(-1). Also, it exhibited pH triggered release of DOX in an acidic environment (pH 5.0) but was relatively stable at physiological pH (pH 7.4). Furthermore, both GAMNP and DOX were found to possess fluorescence properties when excited in the near-infrared region due to the two-photon absorption mechanism. The coupling of DOX to GAMNP resulted in a reversible self-quenching of fluorescence through the fluorescence resonant energy transfer (FRET) between the donor GAMNP and acceptor DOX. The release of DOX from DOX-ADH-GAMNP when exposed to acidic media indicated the recovery of fluorescence from both GAMNP and DOX. The change in the fluorescence intensity of DOX-ADH-GAMNP on the release of DOX can act as a potential sensor to sense the delivery of the drug. The analysis of zeta potential and plasmon absorbance in different pH conditions also confirmed the pH sensitivity of the product. This multifunctional nanocarrier is a significant breakthrough in developing a drug delivery vehicle that combines drug targeting as well as sensing and therapy at the same time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shashwat S Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701, Republic of China
| | | |
Collapse
|
119
|
Finikova OS, Lebedev AY, Aprelev A, Troxler T, Gao F, Garnacho C, Muro S, Hochstrasser RM, Vinogradov SA. Oxygen microscopy by two-photon-excited phosphorescence. Chemphyschem 2008; 9:1673-9. [PMID: 18663708 PMCID: PMC2645351 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200800296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution images of oxygen distributions in microheterogeneous samples are obtained by two-photon laser scanning microscopy (2P LSM), using a newly developed dendritic nanoprobe with internally enhanced two-photon absorption (2PA) cross-section. In this probe, energy is harvested by a 2PA antenna, which passes excitation onto a phosphorescent metalloporphyrin via intramolecular energy transfer. The 2P LSM allows sectioning of oxygen gradients with near diffraction-limited resolution, and lifetime-based acquisition eliminates dependence on the local probe concentration. The technique is validated on objects with a priori known oxygen distributions and applied to imaging of pO(2) in cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga S. Finikova
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvannia, Philadelphia PA 19104-6059 (USA), Fax: (+1) 215-573-3787
| | - Artem Y. Lebedev
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvannia, Philadelphia PA 19104-6059 (USA), Fax: (+1) 215-573-3787
| | - Alexey Aprelev
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (USA)
| | - Thomas Troxler
- Department of Chemistry and RLBL, University of Pennsylvannia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (USA)
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Chemistry and RLBL, University of Pennsylvannia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (USA)
| | - Carmen Garnacho
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (USA)
| | - Silvia Muro
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (USA)
| | - Robin M. Hochstrasser
- Department of Chemistry and RLBL, University of Pennsylvannia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (USA)
| | - Sergei A. Vinogradov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvannia, Philadelphia PA 19104-6059 (USA), Fax: (+1) 215-573-3787
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Kang CC, Chen CT, Cho CC, Lin YC, Chang CC, Chang TC. A dual selective antitumor agent and fluorescence probe: the binary BMVC-porphyrin photosensitizer. ChemMedChem 2008; 3:725-8. [PMID: 18260073 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200700336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chih Kang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
121
|
Finikova OS, Chen P, Ou Z, Kadish KM, Vinogradov SA. Dynamic Quenching of Porphyrin Triplet States by Two-Photon Absorbing Dyes: Towards Two-Photon-Enhanced Oxygen Nanosensors. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2008; 198:75-84. [PMID: 19030124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2008.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Two-photon-enhanced dendritic nanoprobes are being developed for two-photon (2P) laser scanning microscopy of oxygen [1]. In these molecular constructs, phosphorescence of metalloporphyrins is coupled to two-photon absorption (2PA) of electronically separate antenna dyes via intramolecular Förster-type resonance energy transfer (FRET). In the originally developed probes, competing electron transfer (ET) between the antennae and the long-lived triplet states of metalloporphyrins partially quenched the phosphorescence, reducing the probe's sensitivity and dynamic range. The rate of such ET can be reduced by tuning the redox potentials of the chromophores. In order to identify the optimal metalloporphyrin-2P antenna pairs, we performed screening of several phosphorescent Pt porphyrins (FRET acceptors) and 2P dyes (FRET donors) using dynamic quenching of phosphorescence. Phosphorescence lifetimes of Pt porphyrins were measured as a function of the dye concentration in organic solutions. The obtained Stern-Volmer quenching constants were correlated with the corresponding ET driving forces (DeltaG(ET)), calculated using the Rehm-Weller equation. FRET-pairs with minimal quenching rates were identified. The developed approach allows convenient screening of candidate-compounds for covalent assembly of 2P-enhanced triplet nanodevices. Systematic electrochemical measurements in a series of Pt porphyrins with varying peripheral substitution and conjugation pathways are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga S Finikova
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
122
|
3MLCT excited states in Ru(II) complexes: Reactivity and related two-photon absorption applications in the near-infrared spectral range. CR CHIM 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2007.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
123
|
He GS, Tan LS, Zheng Q, Prasad PN. Multiphoton Absorbing Materials: Molecular Designs, Characterizations, and Applications. Chem Rev 2008; 108:1245-330. [PMID: 18361528 DOI: 10.1021/cr050054x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1211] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
124
|
Ishii K, Shiine M, Shimizu Y, Hoshino SI, Abe H, Sogawa K, Kobayashi N. Control of Photobleaching in Photodynamic Therapy Using the Photodecarbonylation Reaction of Ruthenium Phthalocyanine Complexes via Stepwise Two-Photon Excitation. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:3138-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jp076118k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Ishii
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan, and Department of Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masahiko Shiine
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan, and Department of Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Shimizu
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan, and Department of Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shun-ichi Hoshino
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan, and Department of Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hisaku Abe
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan, and Department of Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sogawa
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan, and Department of Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan, and Department of Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Ford PC. Polychromophoric metal complexes for generating the bioregulatory agent nitric oxide by single- and two-photon excitation. Acc Chem Res 2008; 41:190-200. [PMID: 18181579 DOI: 10.1021/ar700128y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to deliver a bioactive agent to a physiological location, it is important to be able to regulate precisely the location and the dosage. Such exquisite control can easily be envisioned for a photochemical drug that is active toward release of the desired bioactive agent upon irradiation of a specific tissue site. These materials should be thermally stable but reactive under excitation at visible (vis) or near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths where tissue transmission is optimal. Two photon excitation (TPE) is of special interest, since the use of focused laser pulses to activate release could provide 3D spatial control in therapeutic applications. This Account describes the preparation and photochemistry of a series of transition metal complexes designed to release the simple bioregulatory compound nitric oxide upon vis or NIR excitation. In order to enhance the light gathering capability of such compounds, we have attached chromophores with high single- or two-photon absorption cross sections to several photochemical NO precursors. For example, the iron nitrosyl clusters Fe2(mu-SR)2(NO)4 (Roussin's red esters) have been prepared with various chromophores as pendant groups, an example being the protoporphyrin XI derivative illustrated here. Direct excitation into the vis absorbing Q bands of the porphyrin leads to enhanced rates of NO generation from the Fe/S/NO cluster owing to the larger rate of light absorption by that antenna. Furthermore, femtosecond pulsed laser NIR excitation of the same compound at 810 nm (a spectral region where no absorption bands are apparent) leads to weak emission at approximately 630 nm and generation of NO, both effects providing evidence of a TPE mechanism. Roussin's red esters with other chromophores described here are even more effective for TPE-stimulated NO release. Another photochemical NO precursor discussed is the Cr(III) complex trans-Cr(L)(ONO)2(+) where L is a cyclic tetraamine such as cyclam. When L includes a chromophore tethered to the ligand backbone, excitation of that functionality results in energy transfer to the spin-forbidden ligand field double states and light-stimulated release of NO. We are working to develop systems where L is attached to a semiconductor nanoparticle as the antenna. In this context, we have shown that electrostatic assemblies are formed between the anionic surface of water-soluble CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) and Cr(L)(ONO)2(+) cations via an ion-pairing mechanism. Photoexcition of such modified QDs leads to markedly enhanced NO generation and suggests promising applications of such nanomaterials as photochemical drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter C. Ford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Johnsen M, Paterson MJ, Arnbjerg J, Christiansen O, Nielsen CB, Jørgensen M, Ogilby PR. Effects of conjugation length and resonance enhancement on two-photon absorption in phenylene–vinylene oligomers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:1177-91. [DOI: 10.1039/b715441k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
127
|
Jin M, Malval JP, Versace DL, Morlet-Savary F, Chaumeil H, Defoin A, Allonas X, Fouassier JP. Two-photon absorption and polymerization ability of intramolecular energy transfer based photoinitiating systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:6540-2. [DOI: 10.1039/b808457b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
128
|
Andraud C, Fortrie R, Barsu C, Stéphan O, Chermette H, Baldeck PL. Excitonically Coupled Oligomers and Dendrimers for Two-Photon Absorption. PHOTORESPONSIVE POLYMERS II 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2008_158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
129
|
Othman AB, Lee JW, Wu JS, Kim JS, Abidi R, Thuéry P, Strub JM, Dorsselaer AV, Vicens J. Calix[4]arene-Based, Hg2+-Induced Intramolecular Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Chemosensor. J Org Chem 2007; 72:7634-40. [PMID: 17824650 DOI: 10.1021/jo071226o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel calix[4]arene-based chemosensor 1 based on Hg2+-induced fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) was synthesized, and its sensing behavior toward metal ions was investigated by UV/vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. Addition of Hg2+ to a CH3CN solution of 1 gave a significantly enhanced fluorescence at approximately 575 nm via energy transfer (FRET-ON) from the pyrenyl excimer to a ring-opened rhodamine moiety. In contrast, addition of Al3+ induced a distinct increase of pyrenyl excimer emission ( approximately 475 nm), while no obvious FRET-ON phenomenon was observed. Different binding behaviors of 1 toward Hg2+ and Al3+ were also proposed for the interesting observation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amel Ben Othman
- IPHC-ULP-ECPM-CNRS, 25 rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg Cédex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
130
|
Finikova OS, Troxler T, Senes A, DeGrado WF, Hochstrasser RM, Vinogradov SA. Energy and electron transfer in enhanced two-photon-absorbing systems with triplet cores. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:6977-90. [PMID: 17608457 PMCID: PMC2441487 DOI: 10.1021/jp071586f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced two-photon-absorbing (2PA) systems with triplet cores are currently under scrutiny for several biomedical applications, including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and two-photon microscopy of oxygen. The performance of so far developed molecules, however, is substantially below expected. In this study we take a detailed look at the processes occurring in these systems and propose ways to improve their performance. We focus on the interchromophore distance tuning as a means for optimization of two-photon sensors for oxygen. In these constructs, energy transfer from several 2PA chromophores is used to enhance the effective 2PA cross section of phosphorescent metalloporphyrins. Previous studies have indicated that intramolecular electron transfer (ET) can act as an effective quencher of phosphorescence, decreasing the overall sensor efficiency. We studied the interplay between 2PA, energy transfer, electron transfer, and phosphorescence emission using Rhodamine B-Pt tetrabenzoporphyrin (RhB-PtTBP) adducts as model compounds. 2PA cross sections (sigma2) of tetrabenzoporphyrins (TBPs) are in the range of several tens of GM units (near 800 nm), making TBPs superior 2PA chromophores compared to regular porphyrins (sigma2 values typically 1-2 GM). Relatively large 2PA cross sections of rhodamines (about 200 GM in 800-850 nm range) and their high photostabilities make them good candidates as 2PA antennae. Fluorescence of Rhodamine B (lambda(fl) = 590 nm, phi(fl) = 0.5 in EtOH) overlaps with the Q-band of phosphorescent PtTBP (lambda(abs) = 615 nm, epsilon = 98 000 M(-1) cm(-1), phi(p) approximately 0.1), suggesting that a significant amplification of the 2PA-induced phosphorescence via fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) might occur. However, most of the excitation energy in RhB-PtTBP assemblies is consumed in several intramolecular ET processes. By installing rigid nonconducting decaproline spacers (Pro10) between RhB and PtTBP, the intramolecular ETs were suppressed, while the chromophores were kept within the Förster r0 distance in order to maintain high FRET efficiency. The resulting assemblies exhibit linear amplification of their 2PA-induced phosphorescence upon increase in the number of 2PA antenna chromophores and show high oxygen sensitivity. We also have found that PtTBPs possess unexpectedly strong forbidden S0 --> T1 bands (lambda(max) = 762 nm, epsilon = 120 M-1 cm-1). The latter may overlap with the laser spectrum and lead to unwanted linear excitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga S Finikova
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
131
|
Chen CY, Tian Y, Cheng YJ, Young AC, Ka JW, Jen AKY. Two-Photon Absorbing Block Copolymer as a Nanocarrier for Porphyrin: Energy Transfer and Singlet Oxygen Generation in Micellar Aqueous Solution. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:7220-1. [PMID: 17506557 DOI: 10.1021/ja071057p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
132
|
|
133
|
Dy JT, Ogawa K, Satake A, Ishizumi A, Kobuke Y. Water-Soluble Self-Assembled Butadiyne-Bridged Bisporphyrin: A Potential Two-Photon-Absorbing Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy. Chemistry 2007; 13:3491-500. [PMID: 17225219 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized a novel, two-photon-absorbing photosensitizer for two-photon-absorption photodynamic therapy (2PA-PDT). The molecule is a butadiyne-bridged porphyrin dimer terminated with two water-soluble porphyrin monomers connected through Zn-imidazolyl self-assembly and covalently linked through olefin metathesis. It has an effective two-photon-absorption (2PA) cross-section value, sigma((2)), of 33 000+/-4600 GM with 5-ns pulses at 890 nm measured by using the open-aperture Z-scan technique. The compound was found to generate singlet oxygen, cytotoxic for tumor cells in photodynamic therapy (PDT), under 2PA conditions by conducting photobleaching experiments with anthracene-9,10-dipropionic acid sodium salt (ADPA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne T Dy
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
134
|
Picot A, Malvolti F, Le Guennic B, Baldeck PL, Williams JAG, Andraud C, Maury O. Two-Photon Antenna Effect Induced in Octupolar Europium Complexes. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:2659-65. [PMID: 17348644 DOI: 10.1021/ic062181x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of new chromophore-based pyridine-dicarboxamide ligands and related D3 symmetric europium(III) complexes is described. The photophysical properties of the ligands and the complexes were thoroughly investigated and interpreted on the basis of theoretical calculations (TD-DFT). Finally, the luminescence of Eu(III) was sensitized by two-photon absorption of the ligand, illustrating the two-photon antenna effect phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Picot
- Laboratoire de Chimie, UMR CNRS-ENS-Lyon 5182, 46 Allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
135
|
Arnbjerg J, Jiménez-Banzo A, Paterson MJ, Nonell S, Borrell JI, Christiansen O, Ogilby PR. Two-Photon Absorption in Tetraphenylporphycenes: Are Porphycenes Better Candidates than Porphyrins for Providing Optimal Optical Properties for Two-Photon Photodynamic Therapy? J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:5188-99. [PMID: 17397157 DOI: 10.1021/ja0688777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Porphycenes are structural isomers of porphyrins that have many unique properties and features. In the present work, the resonant two-photon absorption of 2,7,12,17-tetraphenylporphycene (TPPo) and its palladium(II) complex (PdTPPo) has been investigated. The data obtained are compared to those from the isomeric compound, meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP). Detection of phosphorescence from singlet molecular oxygen, O2(a(1)Delta(g)), produced upon irradiation of these compounds, was used to obtain two-photon excitation spectra and to quantify two-photon absorption cross sections, delta. In the spectral region of 750-850 nm, the two-photon absorption cross sections at the band maxima for both TPPo and PdTPPo, delta = 2280 and 1750 GM, respectively, are significantly larger than that for TPP. This difference is attributed to the phenomenon of so-called resonance enhancement; for the porphycenes, the two-photon transition is nearly resonant with a comparatively intense one-photon Q-band transition. The results of quantum mechanical calculations using density functional quadratic response theory are in excellent agreement with the experimental data and, as such, demonstrate that comparatively high-level quantum chemical methods can be used to interpret and predict nonlinear optical properties from such large molecular systems. One important point realized through these experiments and calculations is that one must exercise caution when using qualitative molecular-symmetry-derived arguments to predict the expected spectral relationship between allowed one- and two-photon transitions. From a practical perspective, this study establishes that, in comparison to porphyrins and other tetrapyrrolic macrocyclic systems, porphycenes exhibit many desirable attributes for use as sensitizers in two-photon initiated photodynamic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Arnbjerg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Arhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
136
|
Cló E, Snyder JW, Ogilby PR, Gothelf KV. Control and Selectivity of Photosensitized Singlet Oxygen Production: Challenges in Complex Biological Systems. Chembiochem 2007; 8:475-81. [PMID: 17323398 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200600454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Singlet molecular oxygen is a reactive oxygen species that plays an important role in a number of biological processes, both as a signalling agent and as an intermediate involved in oxidative degradation reactions. Singlet oxygen is commonly generated by the so-called photosensitization process wherein a light-absorbing molecule, the sensitizer, transfers its energy of excitation to ground-state oxygen to make singlet oxygen. This process forms the basis of photodynamic therapy, for example, where light, a sensitizer, and oxygen are used to initiate cell death and ultimately destroy undesired tissue. Although the photosensitized production of singlet oxygen has been studied and used in biologically pertinent systems for years, the photoinitiated behaviour is often indiscriminate and difficult to control. In this Concept, we discuss new ideas and results in which spatial and temporal control of photosensitized singlet oxygen production can be implemented through the incorporation of the sensitizer into a conjugate system that selectively responds to certain triggers or stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Cló
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Arhus C, Denmark
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
137
|
Zhang X, Sasaki K, Kuroda Y. Characterization of Magnesium Porphyrins and Aggregation of Porphyrins in Organic Solvent. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2007. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.80.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
138
|
Andrasik SJ, Belfield KD, Bondar MV, Hernandez FE, Morales AR, Przhonska OV, Yao S. One- and Two-Photon Singlet Oxygen Generation with New Fluorene-Based Photosensitizers. Chemphyschem 2007; 8:399-404. [PMID: 17226876 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200600568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The spectral properties of new fluorene-based photosensitizers for efficient singlet oxygen production are investigated at room temperature and 77 K. Two-photon absorption (2PA) cross-sections of the fluorene derivatives are measured by the open aperture Z-scan method. The quantum yields of singlet oxygen generation under one- and two-photon excitation (phi(delta) and 2PAphi(delta), respectively), are determined by the direct measurement of singlet oxygen luminescence at approximately 1270 nm. The values of phi(delta) are independent of excitation wavelength, ranging from 0.6-0.9. The singlet oxygen quantum yields under two-photon excitation are 2PAphi(delta) approximately 1/2 phi(delta), indicating that the two processes exhibit the same mechanism of singlet oxygen production, independent of the mechanism of photon absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Andrasik
- Department of Chemistry and CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 162366, Orlando, FL 32816-2366, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
139
|
Kim S, Ohulchanskyy TY, Pudavar HE, Pandey RK, Prasad PN. Organically modified silica nanoparticles co-encapsulating photosensitizing drug and aggregation-enhanced two-photon absorbing fluorescent dye aggregates for two-photon photodynamic therapy. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:2669-75. [PMID: 17288423 PMCID: PMC2556058 DOI: 10.1021/ja0680257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report energy-transferring organically modified silica nanoparticles for two-photon photodynamic therapy. These nanoparticles co-encapsulate two-photon fluorescent dye nanoaggregates as an energy up-converting donor and a photosensitizing PDT drug as an acceptor. They combine two features: (i) aggregation-enhanced two-photon absorption and emission properties of a novel two-photon dye and (ii) nanoscopic fluorescence resonance energy transfer between this nanoaggregate and a photosensitizer, 2-devinyl-2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)pyropheophorbide. Stable aqueous dispersions of the co-encapsulating nanoparticles (diameter < or = 30 nm) have been prepared in the nonpolar interior of micelles by coprecipitating an organically modified silica sol with the photosensitizer and an excess amount of the two-photon dye which forms fluorescent aggregates by phase separation from the particle matrix. Using a multidisciplinary nanophotonic approach, we show: (i) indirect excitation of the photosensitizer through efficient two-photon excited intraparticle energy transfer from the dye aggregates in the intracellular environment of tumor cells and (ii) generation of singlet oxygen and in vitro cytotoxic effect in tumor cells by photosensitization under two-photon irradiation.
Collapse
|
140
|
He Z, Ishizuka T, Jiang D. Dendritic Architectures for Design of Photo– and Spin–Functional Nanomaterials. Polym J 2007. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.pj2007006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
141
|
Wecksler SR, Mikhailovsky A, Korystov D, Buller F, Kannan R, Tan LS, Ford PC. Single- and Two-Photon Properties of a Dye-Derivatized Roussin's Red Salt Ester (Fe2(μ-RS)2(NO)4) with a Large TPA Cross Section. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:395-402. [PMID: 17279817 DOI: 10.1021/ic0607336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization, photochemistry, and two-photon photophysical properties of a new dye-derivatized iron sulfur nitrosyl cluster Fe2(mu-RS)2(NO)4 (AFX-RSE, RS = 2-thioethyl ester of N-phenyl-N-(3-(2-ethoxy)phenyl)-7-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-9,9-diethyl-fluoren-2-yl-amine) were investigated. Under continuous photolysis, AFX-RSE decomposes with modest quantum yields (Phi(diss) = (4.9 +/- 0.9) x 10(-3) at lambda(irr) = 436 nm) as measured from the loss of the nitrosyl bands in the IR absorbance spectrum. Nitric oxide (NO) was qualitatively demonstrated to be photochemically produced via single-photon excitation through the use of an NO-specific electrode. Steady-state luminescence measurements have shown that AFX-RSE fluorescence is about 88% quenched relative to the model compound AF-tosyl. This is attributed to a relatively efficient energy transfer from the excited states of the antenna chromophores to the dinuclear metal center, with the subsequent production of NO. In addition, the two-photon absorption (TPA) cross sections (delta) were measured for the AF-chromophores via the two-photon excitation (TPE) photoluminescence technique using a femtosecond excitation source. The TPA cross section of AFX-RSE was found with this technique to be delta = 246 +/- 8 GM (1 GM = 10(-50) cm4 s photon(-1) molecule(-1)).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Wecksler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
142
|
Ishi-i T, Taguri Y, Kato SI, Shigeiwa M, Gorohmaru H, Maeda S, Mataka S. Singlet oxygen generation by two-photon excitation of porphyrin derivatives having two-photon-absorbing benzothiadiazole chromophores. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b704499b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
143
|
Elim HI, Anandakathir R, Jakubiak R, Chiang LY, Ji W, Tan LS. Large concentration-dependent nonlinear optical responses of starburst diphenylaminofluorenocarbonyl methano[60]fullerene pentads. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b615697e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
144
|
Figueira-Duarte TM, Gégout A, Nierengarten JF. Molecular and supramolecular C60–oligophenylenevinylene conjugates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:109-19. [PMID: 17180218 DOI: 10.1039/b609383c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fullerene derivatives are attractive building blocks for the preparation of molecular and supramolecular photoactive devices. As a part of this research, combination of C60 with oligophenylenevinylene (OPV) subunits has generated significant research efforts. These results are summarized in the present account to illustrate the current state-of-the-art of fullerene chemistry for the development of new photoactive materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M Figueira-Duarte
- Groupe de Chimie des Fullerènes et des Systèmes Conjugués, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
145
|
Karotki A, Khurana M, Lepock JR, Wilson BC. Simultaneous two-photon excitation of photofrin in relation to photodynamic therapy. Photochem Photobiol 2006; 82:443-52. [PMID: 16613497 DOI: 10.1562/2005-08-24-ra-657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), the use of light-activated drugs (photosensitizers), is an emerging treatment modality for tumors as well as various nononcologic conditions. Single-photon (1-gamma) PDT is limited by low specificity of the photosensitizer, leading to damage to healthy tissue adjacent to the diseased target tissue. One solution is to use simultaneous two-photon (2-gamma) excitation with ultrafast pulses of near-IR light. Due to the nonlinear interaction mechanism, 2-gamma excitation with a focused beam is localized in three dimensions, allowing treatment volumes on the order of femtoliters. We propose that this will be valuable in PDT of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which causes blindness due to abnormal choroidal neovasculature and which is currently treated by 1-gamma PDT. Here, Photofrin has been used as the photosensitizer to demonstrate proof-of-principle of 2-gamma killing of vascular endothelial cells in vitro. The 2-gamma absorption properties of Photofrin were investigated in the 750-900 nm excitation wavelength range. It was shown that 2-gamma excitation dominates over 1-gamma excitation above 800 nm. The 2-gamma absorption spectrum of Photofrin in the 800-900 nm excitation wavelength range was measured. The 2-gamma cross section decreased from about 10 GM (1 GM = 10(-50) cm4 s/photon) at 800 nm to 5 GM at 900 nm. Adherent YPEN-1 endothelial cells were then incubated with Photofrin for 24 h and then treated by PDT at 850 nm where the 1-gamma contribution was negligible. Cell death was monitored with the use of 2-gamma scanning laser microscopy. The light doses required for killing were high (6300 J cm(-2) for approximately 50% killing), but 2-gamma cytotoxicity was unequivocally demonstrated. Although Photofrin is, per se, not a good choice for 2-gamma PDT due to its low 2-gamma cross section, this work provides baseline data to guide the development of novel photosensitizers with much higher 2-gamma cross sections (>100 GM), which will be required for 2-gamma PDT of AMD (and other conditions) to be clinically practical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aliaksandr Karotki
- Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
146
|
Wecksler SR, Mikhailovsky A, Korystov D, Ford PC. A two-photon antenna for photochemical delivery of nitric oxide from a water-soluble, dye-derivatized iron nitrosyl complex using NIR light. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:3831-7. [PMID: 16536559 DOI: 10.1021/ja057977u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The experiments described here demonstrate the use of two-photon excitation (TPE) to sensitize nitric oxide (NO) release from a dye-derivatized iron/sulfur/nitrosyl cluster Fe2(mu-RS)2(NO)4 (Fluor-RSE, RS = 2-thioethyl ester of fluorescein) with near-infrared (NIR) light in the form of femtosecond pulses from a Ti:sapphire laser. TPE at 800 nm leads both to weak fluorescence from the organic chromophore at lambda(max) = 532 nm and to NO labilization from the cluster. Since the emission from the reference compound Fluor-Et (the ethyl ester of fluorescein) under identical conditions (50/50 CH3CN/phosphate buffer (1 mM) at pH 7.4) is considerably more intense, the weaker emission from Fluor-RSE and the NO generation indicate that the fluorescein excited states initially formed by TPE are largely quenched by energy transfer to the cluster core. The two-photon absorption (TPA) cross section of Fluor-RSE at 800 nm was determined to be delta = 63 +/- 7 GM via the TPA photoluminescence technique. This can be compared to the TPA cross section of 36 GM reported for fluorescein dye in pH 11 aqueous solution and of 32 +/- 3 GM for Fluor-Et measured under conditions comparable to those used for Fluor-RSE. Pulse intensity dependence studies showed that the quantity of NO released from the latter as the result of NIR photoexcitation follows a quadratic relationship to excitation intensity, consistent with the expectation for a TPE process. These studies demonstrate the potential utility of a two-photon antenna for sensitization of the photochemical release of an active agent (in this case, NO) from a photoactive pro-drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Wecksler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
147
|
Morone M, Beverina L, Abbotto A, Silvestri F, Collini E, Ferrante C, Bozio R, Pagani GA. Enhancement of Two-Photon Absorption Cross-Section and Singlet-Oxygen Generation in Porphyrins upon β-Functionalization with Donor−Acceptor Substituents. Org Lett 2006; 8:2719-22. [PMID: 16774240 DOI: 10.1021/ol060742i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The microwave-enhanced synthesis, comparative singlet oxygen sensitization efficiency, and nonlinear optical characterization of a new beta-functionalized porphyrin and its copper complex are described. We show that the introduction of a donor-acceptor push-pull conjugated fragment in the beta position strongly perturbs the porphyrin electronic structure leading to a remarkable one- and two-photon NIR absorption enhancement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marika Morone
- Department of Materials Science and INSTM, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
148
|
Drobizhev M, Meng F, Rebane A, Stepanenko Y, Nickel E, Spangler CW. Strong Two-Photon Absorption in New Asymmetrically Substituted Porphyrins: Interference between Charge-Transfer and Intermediate-Resonance Pathways. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:9802-14. [PMID: 16706432 DOI: 10.1021/jp0551770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We study two-photon absorption (2PA) in two series of new free-base porphyrins with 4-(diphenylamino)stilbene or 4,4'-bis-(diphenylamino)stilbene (BDPAS) attached via pi-conjugating linkers at the porphyrin meso-position. We show that this new substitution modality increases the 2PA cross section in the Soret band region (excitation wavelength 750-900 nm) of the core porphyrin by nearly 2 orders of magnitude, from sigma(2) approximately 10 GM for the meso-phenyl-substituted analogue to sigma(2) approximately 10(3) GM for the ethynyl-linked BDPAS-porphyrin dyad. The 2PA properties are quantitatively described by considering two different and interfering 2PA quantum transition pathways. The first path involves virtual transition via intermediate one-photon resonance. The second path bypasses the intermediate resonance and occurs due to a large permanent dipole moment difference between the ground and the final electronic states. To our best knowledge, this is the first experimental observation of the combined effect of these two pathways on one particular two-photon transition, resulting in quantum-interference-modulated 2PA strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Drobizhev
- Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, 59717, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
149
|
Kato SI, Matsumoto T, Shigeiwa M, Gorohmaru H, Maeda S, Ishi-i T, Mataka S. Novel 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole-Based Red-Fluorescent Dyes with Enhanced Two-Photon Absorption Cross-Sections. Chemistry 2006; 12:2303-17. [PMID: 16363008 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the two-photon absorbing and orange-red fluorescence emitting properties of a series of new 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTD)-based D-pi-A-pi-D-type and star-burst-type fluorescent dyes. In the D-pi-A-pi-D-type dyes 1-6, a central BTD core was connected with two terminal N,N-disubstituted amino groups via various pi-conjugated spacers. The star-burst-type dyes 8 and 10 have a three-branched structure composed of a central core (benzene core in 8 and triphenylamine core in 10) and three triphenylamine-containing BTD branches. All the BTD-based dyes displayed intense orange-red color fluorescence in a region of 550-689 nm, which was obtained by single-photon excitation with good fluorescent quantum yield up to 0.98 as well as by two-photon excitation. Large two-photon absorption (TPA) cross-sections (110-800 GM) of these BTD dyes were evaluated by open aperture Z-scan technique with a femtosecond Ti/sapphire laser. The TPA cross-sections of D-pi-A-pi-D-type dyes 2-6 with a benzene, thiophene, ethene, ethyne, and styrene moiety, respectively, as an additional pi-conjugated spacer are about 1.5-2.5 times larger than that of 1c with only a benzene spacer. The TPA cross-sections significantly increased in three-branched star-burst-type BTDs 8 (780 GM) with a benzene core and 10 (800 GM) with a triphenylamine core, which are about 3-5 times larger than those of the corresponding one-dimensional sub-units 9 (170 GM) and 11 (230 GM), respectively. The ratios of sigma/e(pi) between three-branched and one-dimensional dyes were 6.5:3.8 (for 8 and 9) and 6.0:4.0 (for 10 and 11), which are larger than those predicted simply on the basis of the chromophore number density (1:1), according to a cooperative enhancement of the two-photon absorbing nature in the three-branched system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro Kato
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koh-en, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
150
|
Xu HJ, Shen Z, Okujima T, Ono N, You XZ. Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of meso-tetraarylporphyrins with fused phenanthrene rings. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.11.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|