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Ochi Y, Sakurai K, Azuma K, Yamamoto K. Phenylazomethine Dendrimers with Soft Aliphatic Units as Metal-Storage Nanocapsules and Their Self-Assembled Structures. Chemistry 2010; 17:800-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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102
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Nagatani H, Sakamoto T, Torikai T, Sagara T. Encapsulation of anilinonaphthalenesulfonates in carboxylate-terminated PAMAM dendrimer at the polarized water|1,2-dichloroethane interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:17686-17694. [PMID: 20939496 DOI: 10.1021/la1032477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Molecular encapsulation of water-soluble anionic fluorescent dye molecules, 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS), and its bimolecular derivative (bis-ANS), in the generation 3.5 polyamidoamine (G3.5 PAMAM) dendrimer was investigated in the bulk aqueous phase and at the polarized water|1,2-dichloroethane interface. ANS(-) was electrostatically incorporated in the dendrimer, and the fluorescence enhancement with a blue shift of the emission maximum was observed at pH values <6, where the interior of the dendrimer was positively charged. The fluorescence enhancement of ANS was maximized around pH 3 and then decreased under more acidic conditions. The potential dependences of the molecular encapsulation and the interfacial mechanism were studied in detail by means of potential modulated fluorescence (PMF) spectroscopy. Under acidic conditions, the dendrimer incorporated ANS(-) at the positively polarized interface as well as in the aqueous phase. ANS(-) was released from the dendrimer at the intrinsic transfer potential and independently transferred across the interface. Bis-ANS exhibited relatively strong interaction with the dendrimer over a wide pH range (1 < pH < 8), and a negative shift of the transfer potential was observed under the corresponding pH condition. The PMF analysis clearly demonstrated that the interfacial mechanism of the dendrimer involves transfer and adsorption processes depending on the pH condition and the Galvani potential difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohisa Nagatani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
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103
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Soto-Castro D, Cruz-Morales JA, Apan MTR, Guadarrama P. Synthesis of non-cytotoxic poly(ester-amine) dendrimers as potential solubility enhancers for drugs: methotrexate as a case study. Molecules 2010; 15:8082-97. [PMID: 21063271 PMCID: PMC6259256 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15118082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the synthesis of two new families of dendrimers based on the esterification of N-alkylated 3-amine-1-propanol with two different cores, adipic acid (1st and 2nd generations) and ethylenediamine (generation 1.5), both with carboxylic acid end groups, offering a wide variety of further modifications at the periphery. According to the cytotoxic evaluation of the dendrimers and their possible degradation products within cell lines, these materials could be considered as innocuous. In preliminary studies, the synthesized dendrimers proved to be potential enhancers of solubility of highly hydrophobic drugs, like methotrexate, widely used in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Soto-Castro
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-360, CU, Coyoacán, Mexico, DF, 04510, Mexico; E-Mails: (D.S.C.); (J.A.C.M.)
| | - Jorge A. Cruz-Morales
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-360, CU, Coyoacán, Mexico, DF, 04510, Mexico; E-Mails: (D.S.C.); (J.A.C.M.)
| | - María Teresa Ramírez Apan
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-213, CU, Coyoacán, Mexico, DF, 04510, Mexico; E-Mail: (M.T.R.A.)
| | - Patricia Guadarrama
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-360, CU, Coyoacán, Mexico, DF, 04510, Mexico; E-Mails: (D.S.C.); (J.A.C.M.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
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104
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Morikawa MA, Kim K, Kinoshita H, Yasui K, Kasai Y, Kimizuka N. Aqueous Nanospheres Self-Assembled from Hyperbranched Polymers and Silver Ions: Molecular Inclusion and Photoreduction Characteristics. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1017956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masa-aki Morikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- JST CREST, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kwonil Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kei Yasui
- Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., 722-1 Tsuboi-cho, Funabashi 274-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kasai
- Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., 722-1 Tsuboi-cho, Funabashi 274-8507, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International Research Center for Molecular Systems (IRCMS), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- JST CREST, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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105
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Vuram PK, Subuddhi U, Krishnaji ST, Chadha A, Mishra AK. Synthesis and Aggregation Properties of Dansylated Glycerol-Based Amphiphilic Polyether Dendrons. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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106
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Ochi Y, Fujii A, Nakajima R, Yamamoto K. Stepwise Radial Complexation of Triphenylmethyliums on a Phenylazomethine Dendrimer for Organic−Metal Hybrid Assembly. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1011039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yousuke Ochi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Atunobu Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Reina Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kimihisa Yamamoto
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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107
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McNerny DQ, Leroueil PR, Baker JR. Understanding specific and nonspecific toxicities: a requirement for the development of dendrimer-based pharmaceuticals. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 2:249-59. [PMID: 20166124 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimer conjugates for pharmaceutical development are capable of enhancing the local delivery of cytotoxic drugs. The ability to conjugate different targeting ligands to the dendrimer allows for the cytotoxic drug to be focused at the intended target cell while minimizing collateral damage in normal cells. Dendrimers offer several advantages over other polymer conjugates by creating a better defined, more monodisperse therapeutic scaffold. Toxicity from the dendrimer, targeted and nonspecific, is not only dependent upon the number of targeting and therapeutic ligands conjugated, but can be influenced by the repeating building blocks that grow the dendrimer, the dendrimer generation, as well as the surface termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Q McNerny
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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108
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Boye S, Polikarpov N, Appelhans D, Lederer A. An alternative route to dye–polymer complexation study using asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:4841-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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109
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Ochi Y, Suzuki M, Imaoka T, Murata M, Nishihara H, Einaga Y, Yamamoto K. Controlled Storage of Ferrocene Derivatives as Redox-Active Molecules in Dendrimers. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:5061-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9064377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yousuke Ochi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan and Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mana Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan and Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takane Imaoka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan and Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masaki Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan and Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan and Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Einaga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan and Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kimihisa Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan and Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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110
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Shi X, Lee I, Chen X, Shen M, Xiao S, Zhu M, Baker JR, Wang SH. Influence of dendrimer surface charge on the bioactivity of 2-methoxyestradiol complexed with dendrimers. SOFT MATTER 2010; 6:2539-2545. [PMID: 20852741 PMCID: PMC2941193 DOI: 10.1039/b925274f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the complexation of a potential anticancer agent 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) with generation 5 (G5) poly(amidoamine) dendrimers having different surface functional groups for therapeutic applications. The complexation experiment shows that approximately 6-8 drug molecules can be complexed with one dendrimer molecule regardless the type of the dendrimer terminal groups. The bioactivity of 2-ME complexed with dendrimers was found to be significantly dependent on the surface charge of G5 dendrimers. In vitro cell biological assays show that amine, hydroxyl, and acetamide-terminated G5 dendrimers with positive, slightly positive, and close to neutral surface charges, respectively are able to deliver 2-ME to inhibit cancer cell growth. In contrast, 2-ME complexed with carboxyl-terminated G5 dendrimers with negative surface charges does not show its inherent bioactivity. Further molecular dynamics simulation studies show that the compact structure of carboxylated G5 dendrimers complexed with 2-ME does not allow the release of the drug molecules even at a pH of 5.0, which is the typical pH value in lysosome. Our findings indicate that the surface modification of dendrimers with different charges is crucial for the development of formulations of various anticancer drugs for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | | | - Xisui Chen
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Mingwu Shen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Shili Xiao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China.
| | - James R. Baker
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Su He Wang
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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111
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Yamamoto K, Nakajima R, Ochi Y, Tsuruta M, Higuchi M, Hida A, Onoe J. Formation of (FeCl3)@phenylazomethine dendrimer (DPA): Fine control of the release and encapsulation of Fe ions in dendrimers. PURE APPL CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1351/pac-con-09-01-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phenylazomethine dendrimers (DPAs) act as a strong coordination site for metal ion assembly. DPA G4 is regarded as a molecular capsule having 30 metal-assembling sites with a 2.7 nm diameter. We have reported the radial stepwise complexation with Sn2+ ions in the dendrimers, which means the location and number of metal ions can be controlled. Therefore, DPA G4 should realize a ferritin-like redox nanocapsule with precise control of the number of Fe ions. On the other hand, the Fe ion is a typical paramagnetic molecule. For creating an advanced memory with a high density, ferritin is one of the candidates for use as a magnetic quantum dot. Many attempts to use biomaterials, for example, ferritins and chapero-nins, as metal storage capsules have been demonstrated. Some research groups fabricate a device by assembling ferritins on a plate using their rigid and uniform structure. The attempts to use dendrimers have also been demonstrated. We now describe the successful attempt to control the "encapsulation and release" of iron ions in a dendrimer in order to mimic a ferritin through the redox reaction. Furthermore, the assembling structures of (FeCl3)n@DPA on a plate were first observed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) as a dendrimer complex, which shows that a highly oriented film is formed on a plate only by solvent casting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihisa Yamamoto
- 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Reina Nakajima
- 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yousuke Ochi
- 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Masanori Tsuruta
- 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Higuchi
- 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Akira Hida
- 2Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Jun Onoe
- 2Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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112
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Medina SH, El-Sayed MEH. Dendrimers as carriers for delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. Chem Rev 2009; 109:3141-57. [PMID: 19534493 DOI: 10.1021/cr900174j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 565] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Medina
- University of Michigan, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1101 Beal Avenue, Lurie Biomedical Engineering Building, Room 2150, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2110, USA
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113
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Chen B, Yuan D, Wu M, Jiang F, Hong M. Two Coordination Networks Built fromp-Sulfonatothiacalix[4]arene Tetranuclear Clusters. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200801142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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114
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Tekade RK, Dutta T, Gajbhiye V, Jain NK. Exploring dendrimer towards dual drug delivery: pH responsive simultaneous drug-release kinetics. J Microencapsul 2009; 26:287-96. [DOI: 10.1080/02652040802312572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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115
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Javor S, Reymond JL. Molecular Dynamics and Docking Studies of Single Site Esterase Peptide Dendrimers. J Org Chem 2009; 74:3665-74. [DOI: 10.1021/jo802743c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Javor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012, Berne, Switzerland
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116
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Law B, Tung CH. Proteolysis: A Biological Process Adapted in Drug Delivery, Therapy, and Imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:1683-95. [DOI: 10.1021/bc800500a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Law
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, and The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Ching-Hsuan Tung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, and The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas 77030
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117
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Tekade
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar-470 003, India
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118
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Saha A, Ramakrishnan S. Unimolecular micelles and reverse micelles based on hyperbranched polyethers-Comparative study of AB2
+ A-R and A2
+ B3
+ A-R type strategies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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119
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Degoricija L, Bansal PN, Söntjens SHM, Joshi NS, Takahashi M, Snyder B, Grinstaff MW. Hydrogels for osteochondral repair based on photocrosslinkable carbamate dendrimers. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:2863-72. [PMID: 18800810 DOI: 10.1021/bm800658x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
First generation, photocrosslinkable dendrimers consisting of natural metabolites (i.e., succinic acid, glycerol, and beta-alanine) and nonimmunogenic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were synthesized divergently in high yields using ester and carbamate forming reactions. Aqueous solutions of these dendrimers were photocrosslinked with an eosin-based photoinitiator to afford hydrogels. The hydrogels displayed a range of mechanical properties based on their structure, generation size, and concentration in solution. All of the hydrogels showed minimal swelling characteristics. The dendrimer solutions were then photocrosslinked in situ in an ex vivo rabbit osteochondral defect (3 mm diameter and 10 mm depth), and the resulting hydrogels were subjected to physiologically relevant dynamic loads. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed the hydrogels to be fixated in the defect site after the repetitive loading regimen. The ([G1]-PGLBA-MA) 2-PEG hydrogel was chosen for the 6 month pilot in vivo rabbit study because this hydrogel scaffold could be prepared at low polymer weight (10 wt %) and possessed the largest compressive modulus of the 10% formulations, a low swelling ratio, and contained carbamate linkages, which are more hydrolytically stable than the ester linkages. The hydrogel-treated osteochondral defects showed good attachment in the defect site and histological analysis showed the presence of collagen II and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the treated defects. By contrast, the contralateral unfilled defects showed poor healing and negligible GAG or collagen II production. Good mechanical properties, low swelling, good attachment to the defect site, and positive in vivo results illustrate the potential of these dendrimer-based hydrogels as scaffolds for osteochondral defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovorka Degoricija
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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120
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Ternat C, Ouali L, Sommer H, Fieber W, Velazco MI, Plummer CJG, Kreutzer G, Klok HA, Månson JAE, Herrmann A. Investigation of the Release of Bioactive Volatiles from Amphiphilic Multiarm Star-Block Copolymers by Thermogravimetry and Dynamic Headspace Analysis. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801366m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Ternat
- Division Recherche et Développement, Firmenich SA, B.P. 239, CH-1211 Genève 8, Switzerland; Laboratoire de Technologie des Composites et Polymères (LTC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; and Laboratoire des Polymères (LP), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lahoussine Ouali
- Division Recherche et Développement, Firmenich SA, B.P. 239, CH-1211 Genève 8, Switzerland; Laboratoire de Technologie des Composites et Polymères (LTC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; and Laboratoire des Polymères (LP), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Horst Sommer
- Division Recherche et Développement, Firmenich SA, B.P. 239, CH-1211 Genève 8, Switzerland; Laboratoire de Technologie des Composites et Polymères (LTC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; and Laboratoire des Polymères (LP), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Fieber
- Division Recherche et Développement, Firmenich SA, B.P. 239, CH-1211 Genève 8, Switzerland; Laboratoire de Technologie des Composites et Polymères (LTC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; and Laboratoire des Polymères (LP), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria Inés Velazco
- Division Recherche et Développement, Firmenich SA, B.P. 239, CH-1211 Genève 8, Switzerland; Laboratoire de Technologie des Composites et Polymères (LTC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; and Laboratoire des Polymères (LP), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christopher J. G. Plummer
- Division Recherche et Développement, Firmenich SA, B.P. 239, CH-1211 Genève 8, Switzerland; Laboratoire de Technologie des Composites et Polymères (LTC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; and Laboratoire des Polymères (LP), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Georg Kreutzer
- Division Recherche et Développement, Firmenich SA, B.P. 239, CH-1211 Genève 8, Switzerland; Laboratoire de Technologie des Composites et Polymères (LTC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; and Laboratoire des Polymères (LP), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Division Recherche et Développement, Firmenich SA, B.P. 239, CH-1211 Genève 8, Switzerland; Laboratoire de Technologie des Composites et Polymères (LTC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; and Laboratoire des Polymères (LP), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jan-Anders E. Månson
- Division Recherche et Développement, Firmenich SA, B.P. 239, CH-1211 Genève 8, Switzerland; Laboratoire de Technologie des Composites et Polymères (LTC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; and Laboratoire des Polymères (LP), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Division Recherche et Développement, Firmenich SA, B.P. 239, CH-1211 Genève 8, Switzerland; Laboratoire de Technologie des Composites et Polymères (LTC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; and Laboratoire des Polymères (LP), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Percec V, Peterca M, Dulcey AE, Imam MR, Hudson SD, Nummelin S, Adelman P, Heiney PA. Hollow Spherical Supramolecular Dendrimers. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:13079-94. [DOI: 10.1021/ja8034703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6396, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8544
| | - Mihai Peterca
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6396, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8544
| | - Andrés E. Dulcey
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6396, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8544
| | - Mohammad R. Imam
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6396, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8544
| | - Steven D. Hudson
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6396, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8544
| | - Sami Nummelin
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6396, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8544
| | - Peter Adelman
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6396, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8544
| | - Paul A. Heiney
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6396, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8544
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122
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Lin Y, Liu X, Dong Z, Li B, Chen X, Li YS. Amphiphilic Core−Shell Nanocarriers Based On Hyperbranched Poly(ester amide)-star-PCL: Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential as Efficient Phase Transfer Agent. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:2629-36. [DOI: 10.1021/bm800607a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Branch, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Branch, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhongmin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Branch, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Baixiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Branch, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Branch, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yue-Sheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Branch, Changchun 130022, China
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123
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Kim Y, Klutz AM, Jacobson KA. Systematic investigation of polyamidoamine dendrimers surface-modified with poly(ethylene glycol) for drug delivery applications: synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of cytotoxicity. Bioconjug Chem 2008; 19:1660-72. [PMID: 18610944 DOI: 10.1021/bc700483s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification of amine-terminated polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers by poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) groups generally enhances water-solubility and biocompatibility for drug delivery applications. In order to provide guidelines for designing appropriate dendritic scaffolds, a series of G3 PAMAM-PEG dendrimer conjugates was synthesized by varying the number of PEG attachments and chain length (shorter PEG 550 and PEG 750 and longer PEG 2000). Each conjugate was purified by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and the molecular weight (MW) was determined by (1)H NMR integration and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). NOESY experiments performed in D 2O on selected structures suggested no penetration of PEG chains to the central PAMAM domain, regardless of chain length and degree of substitution. CHO cell cultures exposed to PAMAM-PEG derivatives (< or =1 microM) showed a relatively high cell viability. Generally, increasing the degree of PEG substitution reduced cytotoxicity. Moreover, compared to G3 PAMAM dendrimers that were N-acetylated to varying degrees, a lower degree of surface substitution with PEG was needed for a similar cell viability. Interestingly, when longer PEG 2000 was fully incorporated on the surface, cell viability was reduced at higher concentrations (32 muM), suggesting increased toxicity potentially by forming intermolecular aggregates. A similar observation was made for anionic carboxylate G5.5 PAMAM dendrimer at the same dendrimer concentration. Our findings suggest that a lower degree of peripheral substitution with shorter PEG chains may suffice for these PAMAM-PEG conjugates to serve as efficient universal scaffolds for drug delivery, particularly valuable in relation to targeting or other ligand-receptor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonkyung Kim
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
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124
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Quadir MA, Radowski MR, Kratz F, Licha K, Hauff P, Haag R. Dendritic multishell architectures for drug and dye transport. J Control Release 2008; 132:289-94. [PMID: 18639596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Revised: 06/13/2008] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we present the efficiency and versatility of newly developed core-multishell nanoparticles (CMS NPs), to encapsulate and transport the antitumor drugs doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox), methotrexate (Mtx) and sodium ibandronate (Ibn) as well as dye molecules, i.e., a tetrasulfonated indotricarbocyanine (ITCC) and nile red. Structurally, the CMS NPs are composed of hyperbranched poly(ethylene imine) core functionalized by alkyl diacids connected to monomethyl poly(ethylene glycol). In order to evaluate their transport in aqueous media in vitro, we have used and compared SEC, UV, ITC, and NMR techniques. We observed that the CMS NPs were able to spontaneously encapsulate and transport Dox, Mtx and nile red in both organic and aqueous media as determined by SEC and UV-VIS spectroscopy. For the VIS transparent Ibn Isothermal Titration Calorimetric (ITC) experiments show an exothermic interaction with the CMS NPs. The enthalpic stabilization (DeltaH) upon encapsulation was in the order of approximately 7 kcals/mol which indicates stable interaction between Ibn and nanoparticles. A T(1) inversion recovery NMR experiment was carried out for 31P and 1H nuclei of Ibn and an increment of spin-lattice relaxation time for respective nuclei was observed upon encapsulation. CMS NPs were also found to encapsulate ITCC dye with stoichiometry of 6-8 molecules/nanocarrier. For in vivo imaging studies the dye loaded CMS NPs were injected to F9 teratocarcinoma bearing mice and a strong contrast was observed in the tumor tissues compared to free dye after 6 h of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohiuddin A Quadir
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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125
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Moreno KX, Simanek EE. Conformational Analysis of Triazine Dendrimers: Using NMR Spectroscopy To Probe the Choreography of a Dendrimer's Dance. Macromolecules 2008; 41:4108-4114. [PMID: 19946610 DOI: 10.1021/ma702143f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR studies are used to probe the conformation of a melamine dendrimer bearing unique NMR signals from the core to the periphery. Four conceptual anchors for dendrimer conformation emerge from these experiments. First, changes in isomer populations observed by (1)H NMR reveal the onset of globular structure. Second, NOE complexity emerges with globular structure: variable temperature NOESY studies show that the peripheral groups, BOC-protected aliphatic amines, fold back into the globular core of the macromolecule at 75 degrees C in DMSO-d(6). Third, variable temperature coefficients measured for NH protons suggest that solvent is largely excluded from the interior of the dendrimer: the carbamate NH groups of the periphery are most sensitive to temperature while the NHs nearest the core show little temperature dependence. Conformation is influenced by solvent choice: backfolding is observed in DMSO-d(6), but not in either CDCl(3) or CD(3)OD. Finally, relaxation studies show that peripheral groups are more dynamic than groups at the core. These anchors consolidate observations made by many groups on disparate systems within a common architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlos X Moreno
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, MS 3255, College Station, Texas 77843
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126
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Reichardt C. Pyridinium-N-phenolate betaine dyes as empirical indicators of solvent polarity: Some new findings. PURE APPL CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1351/pac200880071415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Solutions of the zwitterionic betaine dye 2,6-diphenyl-4-(2,4,6-triphenylpyridinium-1-yl)phenolate (hereinafter called standard betaine dye) and its derivatives are solvatochromic, thermochromic, piezochromic, and halochromic. That is, the position of its longest-wavelength intramolecular charge-transfer (CT) absorption band depends on solvent polarity, solution temperature, external pressure, and the type and concentration of salts (ionophores) added to the betaine dye solution. The outstanding large negative solvatochromism of this standard betaine dye has been used to establish UV/vis spectroscopically a comprehensive set of empirical parameters of solvent polarity, called ET(30) resp. ETN values, now known for many molecular and ionic solvents as well as for a great variety of solvent mixtures. This report describes relevant physicochemical properties of this standard betaine dye as well as the definition and some more recent practical applications of these solvent polarity parameters, derived from the standard betaine dye and its derivatives. In particular, the perichromism of the standard betaine dye can be used to study the polarity of microheterogeneous solutions (e.g., micelles and other organized media), surfaces (e.g., silica, alumina, cellulose), glasses (e.g., sol-gel systems), and solids (e.g., polymers), and for the construction of chemical sensors. As extension to solvatochromism, the more general term perichromism describes UV/vis band shifts of chromophore-containing solutes which are caused not only by changes in the surrounding solvent sphere, but also by their embedding in other surroundings such as micelles, vesicles, glasses, polymers, solids, interfaces, and surfaces. Some representative examples for such extended applications of the perichromic standard betaine dye are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Reichardt
- 1Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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127
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Newkome GR, Shreiner CD. Poly(amidoamine), polypropylenimine, and related dendrimers and dendrons possessing different 1→2 branching motifs: An overview of the divergent procedures. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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128
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Peng Y, Kaminski GA. Accurate determination of pyridine-poly(amidoamine) dendrimer absolute binding constants with the OPLS-AA force field and direct integration of radial distribution functions. J Phys Chem B 2007; 109:15145-9. [PMID: 16852916 DOI: 10.1021/jp0511956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OPLS-AA force field and direct integration of intermolecular radial distribution functions (RDF) were employed to calculate absolute binding constants of pyridine molecules to amino group (NH2) and amide group hydrogen atoms in and first generation poly(amidoamine) dendrimers in chloroform. The average errors in the absolute and relative association constants, as predicted with the calculations, are 14.1% and 10.8%, respectively, which translate into ca. 0.08 and 0.06 kcal/mol errors in the absolute and relative binding free energies. We believe that this level of accuracy proves the applicability of the OPLS-AA, force field, in combination with the direct RDF integration, to reproducing and predicting absolute intermolecular association constants of low magnitudes (ca. 0.2-2.0 range).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA
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129
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Stasko NA, Johnson CB, Schoenfisch MH, Johnson TA, Holmuhamedov EL. Cytotoxicity of polypropylenimine dendrimer conjugates on cultured endothelial cells. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:3853-9. [PMID: 18004811 DOI: 10.1021/bm7008203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxicity and time-dependent membrane disruption by polypropylenimine dendrimer conjugates on cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) is reported. Fluorescently labeled derivatives of generation 5 polypropylenimine dendrimers were prepared via conversion of amines to acetamides or through the covalent attachment of high molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains. Direct interactions between the fluorescent dendrimer conjugates and HUVEC were monitored using confocal fluorescence microscopy to track dendrimer movement across the plasma membrane and the fluorescent staining of cell nuclei. Propidium iodide and lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity assays confirmed that chemical modification of the surface amines of the parental dendrimer to neutral acetamide or PEG functionalities eliminated their acute cytotoxicity. Cationic primary-amine-containing dendrimers demonstrated drastic time-dependent changes in the plasma membrane permeability and prominent cytotoxicity. However, complete removal of the primary amines or masking of the cationic surface via PEGylation decreased dendrimer cytotoxicity. Thus, preventing electrostatic interactions of dendrimers with cellular membranes apparently is a necessary step toward minimizing the toxicity of delivery vehicles to the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Stasko
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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130
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Abstract
The design of well-defined particulate carrier systems with controlled size, shapes and physicochemical characteristics is becoming a focal point in the field of biomedicine and drug delivery. Dendrimers are one of the emerging technologies of recent times and have served as a unique platform to achieve the development as novel drug delivery scaffolds. Dendrimers may be engineered to meet the specific needs of biologically active agents, which can either be encapsulated within dendrimers or chemically attached to these units. The large number of active functional groups on the surface of dendrimers allows them to be meticulously tailored and to act as nano-scaffolds or nano-containers of various categories of drugs. The architecture of modified dendrimers has posed a challenge to drug delivery, in particular with respect to their in vivo metabolic fate. The drug delivery applications of dendrimers presented in this article provide an insight of their potential and substantiate the major roles for the future of these nanoconstructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra K Jain
- Dr Hari Singh Gour University, Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sagar 4700 03, India.
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131
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Neerman MF. The efficiency of a PAMAM dendrimer toward the encapsulation of the antileukemic drug 6-mercaptopurine. Anticancer Drugs 2007; 18:839-42. [PMID: 17581309 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e32809ef9d0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Neerman
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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132
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Türk H, Shukla A, Alves Rodrigues PC, Rehage H, Haag R. Water-soluble dendritic core-shell-type architectures based on polyglycerol for solubilization of hydrophobic drugs. Chemistry 2007; 13:4187-96. [PMID: 17310496 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Since many potential drugs are poorly water soluble, there is a high demand for solubilization agents. Here, we describe the synthesis of dendritic core-shell-type architectures based on hyperbranched polyglycerol for the solubilization of hydrophobic drugs. Amphiphilic macromolecules containing hydrophobic biphenyl groups in the core were synthesized in an efficient three- or four-step procedure by employing Suzuki-coupling reactions. These species were then used to solubilize the commercial drug nimodipine, a calcium antagonist used for the treatment of heart diseases and neurological deficits. Pyrene was also used as a hydrophobic model compound. It turned out that the transport properties of the dendritic polyglycerol derivatives, which are based on hydrophobic host-guest interactions, depend strongly on the degree and type of core functionalization. In the case of the multifunctional nimodipine, additional specific polymer-drug interactions could be tailored by this flexible core design, as detected by UV spectroscopy. The enhancement of solubilization increased 300-fold for nimodipine and 6000-fold for pyrene at a polymer concentration of 10 wt%. The sizes of the polymer-drug complexes were determined by both dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and extremely well-defined aggregates with diameters of approximately 10 nm in the presence of a drug were observed. These findings together with a low critical aggregate concentration of 4x10(-6) mol L-1 indicate the controlled self-assembly of the presented amphiphilic dendritic core-shell-type architectures rather than a unimolecular transport behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Türk
- Organic Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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133
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Rasa M, Meier MAR, Schubert US. Transport of Guest Molecules by Unimolecular Micelles Evidenced in Analytical Ultracentrifugation Experiments. Macromol Rapid Commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200700115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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134
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Dhanikula RS, Hildgen P. Conformation and distribution of groups on the surface of amphiphilic polyether-co-polyester dendrimers: Effect of molecular architecture. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 311:52-8. [PMID: 17391687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.02.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Revised: 02/19/2007] [Accepted: 02/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic polyester-co-polyether (PEPE) dendrimers synthesized from poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were examined to understand the influence of alterations in the architecture of dendrimers on their conformation at interfaces and distribution of various groups on their surface. Effect of changes in the number of branching points, type of terminal functional groups and generation of dendrimer was primarily evaluated. Dendrimers were deposited on mica by spin coating at 0.1 mg/mL. Tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed for the visualization of dendrimer topographies while, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), AFM phase and force imaging were used as the tools for characterization of their surfaces. Individual dendrimer molecules could be imaged by AFM, which showed that they are round or oval in topography. Dendrimers were also flattened on mica but the extent of flattening differed with the chemical structure; for instance, third generation dendrimers were more flattened than second generation dendrimers whereas, dendrimers with higher number of branches had greater height above the mica surface. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups present towards the aerial interface existed in distinct zones rather than being distributed randomly, except in dendrimer with higher number of branches. The percentage of various hydrophobic groups on the surface of dendrimer was enhanced by increase in the number of branches but, was lowered by the presence of hydroxyl groups as the pendant terminal groups. Furthermore, the core of dendrimers was not always located towards the centre, its position was found to be altered by the number of branching points, type of terminal functional groups and the generation of dendrimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Singh Dhanikula
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Pavillon Jean-Coutu, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
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135
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Crampton HL, Simanek EE. Dendrimers as drug delivery vehicles: non-covalent interactions of bioactive compounds with dendrimers. POLYM INT 2007; 56:489-496. [PMID: 19960104 PMCID: PMC2786088 DOI: 10.1002/pi.2230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 11/21/2006] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This mini review highlights issues associated with the use of dendrimers as drug delivery vehicles. The review introduces dendrimers and summarizes findings on their use in vivo and in vitro. Specifically, this review is limited to examples wherein the drug is non-covalently associated with the dendrimer. Examples wherein the drug is covalently attached to the dendrimer are not discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Crampton
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA
| | - Eric E Simanek
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA
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136
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Ternat C, Kreutzer G, Plummer CJG, Nguyen TQ, Herrmann A, Ouali L, Sommer H, Fieber W, Velazco MI, Klok HA, Månson JAE. Amphiphilic Multi-Arm Star-Block Copolymers for Encapsulation of Fragrance Molecules. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200600449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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137
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Fernandez L, Gonzalez M, Cerecetto H, Santo M, Silber JJ. Solubilization and Release Properties of Dendrimers. Evaluation as Prospective Drug Delivery Systems. Supramol Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10610270601012776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Fernandez
- a Departamento de Química , Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto , Agencia Postal Nro 3, 5800, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Gonzalez
- c Departamento de Química Orgánica , Facultad de Química—Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República , Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Hugo Cerecetto
- c Departamento de Química Orgánica , Facultad de Química—Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República , Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marisa Santo
- b Departamento de Física , Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto , Agencia Postal Nro 3, 5800, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Juana J. Silber
- c Departamento de Química Orgánica , Facultad de Química—Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República , Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
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138
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Klajnert B, Bryszewska M. Interactions between PAMAM dendrimers and gallic acid molecules studied by spectrofluorimetric methods. Bioelectrochemistry 2007; 70:50-2. [PMID: 16725380 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2006.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between gallic acid molecules and different types of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers with modified surfaces were studied by spectrofluorimetric methods. Changes in fluorescence intensity of gallic acid and in a position of spectrum were monitored. It was found that the extent of gallic acid incorporation into dendrimers depends on a type of a dendrimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Klajnert
- Department of General Biophysics, University of Łódz, 12/16 Banacha St., 90-237 Łódz, Poland
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139
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A styrene based water soluble polymer as a reaction medium for photodimerization of aromatic hydrocarbons in water. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2006.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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140
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Grinstaff MW. Dendritic macromers for hydrogel formation: Tailored materials for ophthalmic, orthopedic, and biotech applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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141
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Banerjee J, Haldar MK, Manokaran S, Mallik S, Srivastava DK. New fluorescent probes for carbonic anhydrases. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:2723-5. [PMID: 17594033 DOI: 10.1039/b701421j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and fluorescence properties of naphthalenesulfonamide derivatives as active site probes for carbonic anhydrases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayati Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, USA
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142
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Morgan MT, Nakanishi Y, Kroll DJ, Griset AP, Carnahan MA, Wathier M, Oberlies NH, Manikumar G, Wani MC, Grinstaff MW. Dendrimer-Encapsulated Camptothecins: Increased Solubility, Cellular Uptake, and Cellular Retention Affords Enhanced Anticancer ActivityIn vitro. Cancer Res 2006; 66:11913-21. [PMID: 17178889 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-2066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A biocompatible polyester dendrimer composed of the natural metabolites, glycerol and succinic acid, is described for the encapsulation of the antitumor camptothecins, 10-hydroxycamptothecin and 7-butyl-10-aminocamptothecin. The cytotoxicity of the dendrimer-drug complex toward four different human cancer cell lines [human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29), non-small cell lung carcinoma (NCI-H460), and glioblastoma (SF-268)] is also reported, and low nmol/L IC(50) values are measured. Cellular uptake and efflux measurements in MCF-7 cells show an increase of 16-fold for cellular uptake and an increase in drug retention within the cell when using the dendrimer vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith T Morgan
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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143
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Liu C, Gao C, Yan D. Synergistic Supramolecular Encapsulation of Amphiphilic Hyperbranched Polymer to Dyes. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0608065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cuihua Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chao Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Deyue Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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144
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145
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Kreutzer G, Ternat C, Nguyen TQ, Plummer CJG, Månson JAE, Castelletto V, Hamley IW, Sun F, Sheiko SS, Herrmann A, Ouali L, Sommer H, Fieber W, Velazco MI, Klok HA. Water-Soluble, Unimolecular Containers Based on Amphiphilic Multiarm Star Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma060548b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Kreutzer
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MX-D, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire de Technologie des Composites et Polymères, Bâtiment MX-G, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 3290, Chapel Hill, North
| | - Céline Ternat
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MX-D, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire de Technologie des Composites et Polymères, Bâtiment MX-G, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 3290, Chapel Hill, North
| | - Tuan Q. Nguyen
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MX-D, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire de Technologie des Composites et Polymères, Bâtiment MX-G, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 3290, Chapel Hill, North
| | - Christopher J. G. Plummer
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MX-D, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire de Technologie des Composites et Polymères, Bâtiment MX-G, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 3290, Chapel Hill, North
| | - Jan-Anders E. Månson
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MX-D, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire de Technologie des Composites et Polymères, Bâtiment MX-G, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 3290, Chapel Hill, North
| | - Valeria Castelletto
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MX-D, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire de Technologie des Composites et Polymères, Bâtiment MX-G, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 3290, Chapel Hill, North
| | - Ian W. Hamley
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MX-D, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire de Technologie des Composites et Polymères, Bâtiment MX-G, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 3290, Chapel Hill, North
| | - Frank Sun
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MX-D, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire de Technologie des Composites et Polymères, Bâtiment MX-G, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 3290, Chapel Hill, North
| | - Sergei S. Sheiko
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MX-D, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire de Technologie des Composites et Polymères, Bâtiment MX-G, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 3290, Chapel Hill, North
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MX-D, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire de Technologie des Composites et Polymères, Bâtiment MX-G, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 3290, Chapel Hill, North
| | - Lahoussine Ouali
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MX-D, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire de Technologie des Composites et Polymères, Bâtiment MX-G, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 3290, Chapel Hill, North
| | - Horst Sommer
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MX-D, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire de Technologie des Composites et Polymères, Bâtiment MX-G, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 3290, Chapel Hill, North
| | - Wolfgang Fieber
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MX-D, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire de Technologie des Composites et Polymères, Bâtiment MX-G, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 3290, Chapel Hill, North
| | - Maria Inés Velazco
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MX-D, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire de Technologie des Composites et Polymères, Bâtiment MX-G, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 3290, Chapel Hill, North
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MX-D, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire de Technologie des Composites et Polymères, Bâtiment MX-G, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 3290, Chapel Hill, North
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146
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Newkome GR, Kotta KK, Moorefield CN. Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Conifer-Shaped Dendritic Architectures. Chemistry 2006; 12:3726-34. [PMID: 16514686 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An elongated structural design leading to more conical-shaped dendritic architectures by using a combination of 1-->3, 1-->(2+1), and 1-->(2+1 Me) C-branched monomers is presented. Synthesis of the conifer-shaped macromolecule was achieved by reaction between isocyanate 20 and amine 26 in dry CH2Cl2. A resultant extended focal adamantane-modified dendron was deprotected to generate the water-soluble product, which was subsequently complexed with beta-cyclodextrin in D2O to create the desired tree-like product. Host-guest interactions of the adamantane moiety with the beta-cyclodextrin cavity were monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy. All monomers, key intermediates, and final products were fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, ESI or MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and IR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R Newkome
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325-6717, USA.
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147
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Zou J, Zhao Y, Shi W. Encapsulation mechanism of molecular nanocarriers based on unimolecular micelle forming dendritic core-shell structural polymers. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:2638-42. [PMID: 16471865 DOI: 10.1021/jp055694i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of dendritic core-shell structural polymers with different shell densities were synthesized based on dendritic polyester Boltorn H40 and were demonstrated to form unimolecular micelles in chloroform. The encapsulation mechanism study using Congo red as a guest molecule by fluorescence and UV-vis methods showed that the interaction of Congo red with hydroxyl groups in the dendritic core-shell polymer led to encapsulation. Moreover, the results also indicated that the dendrimer with 43.4% hydroxyl groups end-capped by the long alkyl chains showed the best encapsulation capacity. However, lower and higher alkyl densities both led to lower encapsulation capacities. The former was attributed to the poor compatibility of the polymer with chloroform, and the later was caused by less location sites for the guest molecule inside the core-shell polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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148
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Lee CC, MacKay JA, Fréchet JMJ, Szoka FC. Designing dendrimers for biological applications. Nat Biotechnol 2006; 23:1517-26. [PMID: 16333296 DOI: 10.1038/nbt1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1484] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers are branched, synthetic polymers with layered architectures that show promise in several biomedical applications. By regulating dendrimer synthesis, it is possible to precisely manipulate both their molecular weight and chemical composition, thereby allowing predictable tuning of their biocompatibility and pharmacokinetics. Advances in our understanding of the role of molecular weight and architecture on the in vivo behavior of dendrimers, together with recent progress in the design of biodegradable chemistries, has enabled the application of these branched polymers as anti-viral drugs, tissue repair scaffolds, targeted carriers of chemotherapeutics and optical oxygen sensors. Before such products can reach the market, however, the field must not only address the cost of manufacture and quality control of pharmaceutical-grade materials, but also assess the long-term human and environmental health consequences of dendrimer exposure in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron C Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, USA
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149
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Paul D, Miyake H, Shinoda S, Tsukube H. Proteo-Dendrimers Designed for Complementary Recognition of Cytochromec: Dendrimer Architecture toward Nanoscale Protein Complexation. Chemistry 2006; 12:1328-38. [PMID: 16308882 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
"Proteo-dendrimers" in which polyanionic hepta(glutamic acids), fluorescent zinc porphyrinate cores, hydrophilic polyether surfaces, and nonpeptide hydrophobic dendrons are combined, were developed as a new series of synthetic receptors for protein recognition. They have polyanionic "patch" structures on their surfaces and undergo complementary electrostatic interactions with a positively charged cytochrome c patch, as observed in biological protein-protein recognition systems. Stability constants of the resulting supramolecular complexes were determined in phosphate buffer (pH 7) by monitoring the fluorescence quenching of the zinc porphyrinates. These proteo-dendrimer receptors exhibited higher affinities with cytochrome c proteins in aqueous solutions than with biological cytochrome b5. Furthermore, they effectively blocked complexation of biological cytochrome b5 with cytochrome c, indicating that the proteo-dendrimers and cytochrome b5 similarly occupy the polycationic patch of cytochrome c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharam Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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150
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Ahn BY, Seok SI, Baek IC, Hong SI. Core/shell silica-based in-situ microencapsulation: A self-templating method. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:189-90. [PMID: 16372101 DOI: 10.1039/b512105a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Core/shell SiO2 and (RSiO1.5)(1-x)-(SiO2)x (R = alkyl) microcapsules were synthesized via a single-step O/W emulsion system using a self-templating method; the facile synthetic process provides an in-situ encapsulation route for a wide range of lipophilic functional compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bok Yeop Ahn
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejon, 305-343, Korea
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