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Abstract
Mitochondria are fundamental for human spermatozoa motility and fertilizing ability. Mitochondria participate not only in ATP production, but also in reactive oxygen species production, redox equilibrium, and calcium regulation, all of which are central for human spermatozoa motility, capacitation, acrosome reaction, and ultimately, oocyte fertilization. Mitochondrial membrane potential is a key indicator of mitochondrial health and activity. Most commonly used methods for the study of mitochondrial membrane potential, however, cannot be applied to human spermatozoa due to their unique characteristics, including high motility and time-dependent decay of quality, limiting the study of this important parameter in these cells. Here, we describe an easy, fast, and cheap protocol for the quantitative evaluation of human spermatozoa mitochondrial membrane potential, using the fluorescent cationic dye 5,5,6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimi-dazoylcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1). JC-1 is a sensitive marker for mitochondrial membrane potential, exhibiting a potential-dependent accumulation in the mitochondria. At high mitochondrial membrane potential, JC-1 forms J-aggregates, which emit red fluorescence, whereas at low mitochondrial membrane potential, JC-1 remains at its monomer state, which emits green fluorescence. We first describe how to evaluate human spermatozoa mitochondrial membrane potential using JC-1 and a fluorescence plate reader, for high-throughput studies. The calculation of the JC-1 ratio (indicative of the J-aggregates/monomers ratio) is then used to quantitatively evaluate mitochondrial health and activity. In addition, we describe an imaging protocol for the qualitative evaluation of human spermatozoa mitochondrial membrane potential using a fluorescence microscope. This allows for a visual analysis of the results that can complement the quantitative data. These protocols can be used to study the effects of spermatozoa exposure to compounds of interest, and alterations due to diseases or different conditions. While these protocols are illustrated with human spermatozoa, they can be adapted and used on spermatozoa of different species. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Quantitative evaluation of human spermatozoa mitochondrial membrane potential using the JC-1 dye and a fluorescence plate reader Basic Protocol 2: Qualitative evaluation of human spermatozoa mitochondrial membrane potential using the JC-1 dye and fluorescence microscopy Support Protocol: Preparation of the JC-1 working solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Carrageta
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, UMIB-Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Laís Freire-Brito
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, UMIB-Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Portugal
| | - Marco G Alves
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, UMIB-Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Portugal
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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2
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Hart SM, Wang X, Guo J, Bathe M, Schlau-Cohen GS. Tuning Optical Absorption and Emission Using Strongly Coupled Dimers in Programmable DNA Scaffolds. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1863-1871. [PMID: 35175058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Molecular materials for light harvesting, computing, and fluorescence imaging require nanoscale integration of electronically active subunits. Variation in the optical absorption and emission properties of the subunits has primarily been achieved through modifications to the chemical structure, which is often synthetically challenging. Here, we introduce a facile method for varying optical absorption and emission properties by changing the geometry of a strongly coupled Cy3 dimer on a double-crossover (DX) DNA tile. Leveraging the versatility and programmability of DNA, we tune the length of the complementary strand so that it "pushes" or "pulls" the dimer, inducing dramatic changes in the photophysics including lifetime differences observable at the ensemble and single-molecule level. The separable lifetimes, along with environmental sensitivity also observed in the photophysics, suggest that the Cy3-DX tile constructs could serve as fluorescence probes for multiplexed imaging. More generally, these constructs establish a framework for easily controllable photophysics via geometric changes to coupled chromophores, which could be applied in light-harvesting devices and molecular electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Hart
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jiajia Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mark Bathe
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gabriela S Schlau-Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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3
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Abstract
Cyanine molecules are important phototheranostic compounds given their high fluorescence yield in the near-infrared region of the spectrum. We report on the frequency and time-resolved spectroscopy of the S2 state of IR806, which demonstrates enhanced emission upon binding to the hydrophobic pocket of human serum albumin (HSA). From excitation-emission matrix spectra and electronic structure calculations, we identify the emission as one associated with a state having the polymethine chain twisted out of plane by 103°. In addition, we find that this configuration is significantly stabilized as the concentration of HSA increases. Spectroscopic changes associated with the S1 and S2 states of IR806 as a function of HSA concentration, as well as anisotropy measurements, confirm the formation of HSA dimers at concentrations greater than 10 μM. These findings imply that the longer-lived S2 state configuration can lead to more efficient phototherapy agents, and cyanine S2 spectroscopy may be a useful tool to determine the oligomerization state of HSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurick Lahiri
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Shawn Sandhu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Benjamin G Levine
- Institute for Advanced Computational Science and Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Marcos Dantus
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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Hong MJ, Kim MK, Park Y. Comparative Antimicrobial Activity of Hp404 Peptide and Its Analogs against Acinetobacter baumannii. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115540. [PMID: 34073939 PMCID: PMC8197367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An amphipathic α-helical peptide, Hp1404, was isolated from the venomous gland of the scorpion Heterometrus petersii. Hp1404 exhibits antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus but is cytotoxic. In this study, we designed antimicrobial peptides by substituting amino acids at the 14 C-terminal residues of Hp1404 to reduce toxicity and improve antibacterial activity. The analog peptides, which had an amphipathic α-helical structure, were active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, particularly multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, and showed lower cytotoxicity than Hp1404. N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine uptake and DisC3-5 assays demonstrated that the peptides kill bacteria by effectively permeating the outer and cytoplasmic membranes. Additionally, the analog peptides inhibited biofilm formation largely than Hp1404 at low concentrations. These results suggest that the analog peptides of Hp1404 can be used as therapeutic agents against A. baumannii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (M.J.H.); (M.K.K.)
| | - Min Kyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (M.J.H.); (M.K.K.)
| | - Yoonkyung Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (M.J.H.); (M.K.K.)
- Research Center for Proteineous Materials, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-230-6854; Fax: +82-62-225-6758
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5
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Desai N, Shah V, Datta B. Assessing G4-Binding Ligands In Vitro and in Cellulo Using Dimeric Carbocyanine Dye Displacement Assay. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051400. [PMID: 33807659 PMCID: PMC7961521 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4) are the most actively studied non-canonical secondary structures formed by contiguous repeats of guanines in DNA or RNA strands. Small molecule mediated targeting of G-quadruplexes has emerged as an attractive tool for visualization and stabilization of these structures inside the cell. Limited number of DNA and RNA G4-selective assays have been reported for primary ligand screening. A combination of fluorescence spectroscopy, AFM, CD, PAGE, and confocal microscopy have been used to assess a dimeric carbocyanine dye B6,5 for screening G4-binding ligands in vitro and in cellulo. The dye B6,5 interacts with physiologically relevant DNA and RNA G4 structures, resulting in fluorescence enhancement of the molecule as an in vitro readout for G4 selectivity. Interaction of the dye with G4 is accompanied by quadruplex stabilization that extends its use in primary screening of G4 specific ligands. The molecule is cell permeable and enables visualization of quadruplex dominated cellular regions of nucleoli using confocal microscopy. The dye is displaced by quarfloxin in live cells. The dye B6,5 shows remarkable duplex to quadruplex selectivity in vitro along with ligand-like stabilization of DNA G4 structures. Cell permeability and response to RNA G4 structures project the dye with interesting theranostic potential. Our results validate that B6,5 can serve the dual purpose of visualization of DNA and RNA G4 structures and screening of G4 specific ligands, and adds to the limited number of probes with such potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakshi Desai
- Department of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar 382355, India; (N.D.); (V.S.)
| | - Viraj Shah
- Department of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar 382355, India; (N.D.); (V.S.)
| | - Bhaskar Datta
- Department of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar 382355, India; (N.D.); (V.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar 382355, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-79-2395-2427; Fax: +91-79-2397-2622
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Tamura T, Fujisawa A, Tsuchiya M, Shen Y, Nagao K, Kawano S, Tamura Y, Endo T, Umeda M, Hamachi I. Organelle membrane-specific chemical labeling and dynamic imaging in living cells. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:1361-1367. [PMID: 32958953 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-00651-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipids play crucial roles as structural elements, signaling molecules and material transporters in cells. However, the functions and dynamics of lipids within cells remain unclear because of a lack of methods to selectively label lipids in specific organelles and trace their movement by live-cell imaging. We describe here a technology for the selective labeling and fluorescence imaging (microscopic or nanoscopic) of phosphatidylcholine in target organelles. This approach involves the metabolic incorporation of azido-choline, followed by a spatially limited bioorthogonal reaction that enables the visualization and quantitative analysis of interorganelle lipid transport in live cells. More importantly, with live-cell imaging, we obtained direct evidence that the autophagosomal membrane originates from the endoplasmic reticulum. This method is simple and robust and is thus powerful for real-time tracing of interorganelle lipid trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Tamura
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Hamachi Innovative Molecular Technology for Neuroscience, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Alma Fujisawa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Hamachi Innovative Molecular Technology for Neuroscience, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Tsuchiya
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Hamachi Innovative Molecular Technology for Neuroscience, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuying Shen
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kohjiro Nagao
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin Kawano
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for Protein Dynamics, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasushi Tamura
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Toshiya Endo
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for Protein Dynamics, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masato Umeda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- JST-ERATO, Hamachi Innovative Molecular Technology for Neuroscience, Kyoto, Japan.
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Yuan J, Zhao R, Xu J, Cheng M, Qin Z, Kou X, Fang X. Analyzing protein dynamics from fluorescence intensity traces using unsupervised deep learning network. Commun Biol 2020; 3:669. [PMID: 33184459 PMCID: PMC7665068 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose an unsupervised deep learning network to analyze the dynamics of membrane proteins from the fluorescence intensity traces. This system was trained in an unsupervised manner with the raw experimental time traces and synthesized ones, so neither predefined state number nor pre-labelling were required. With the bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (biLSTM) networks as the hidden layers, both the past and future context can be used fully to improve the prediction results and can even extract information from the noise distribution. The method was validated with the synthetic dataset and the experimental dataset of monomeric fluorophore Cy5, and then applied to extract the membrane protein interaction dynamics from experimental data successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghe Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
| | - Rong Zhao
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Jiachao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Zidi Qin
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Kou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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8
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Pruchyathamkorn J, Kendrick WJ, Frawley AT, Mattioni A, Caycedo‐Soler F, Huelga SF, Plenio MB, Anderson HL. A Complex Comprising a Cyanine Dye Rotaxane and a Porphyrin Nanoring as a Model Light-Harvesting System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16455-16458. [PMID: 32558120 PMCID: PMC7540489 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A nanoring-rotaxane supramolecular assembly with a Cy7 cyanine dye (hexamethylindotricarbocyanine) threaded along the axis of the nanoring was synthesized as a model for the energy transfer between the light-harvesting complex LH1 and the reaction center in purple bacteria photosynthesis. The complex displays efficient energy transfer from the central cyanine dye to the surrounding zinc porphyrin nanoring. We present a theoretical model that reproduces the absorption spectrum of the nanoring and quantifies the excitonic coupling between the nanoring and the central dye, thereby explaining the efficient energy transfer and demonstrating similarity with structurally related natural light-harvesting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William J. Kendrick
- Department of ChemistryOxford UniversityChemistry Research LaboratoryOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Andrew T. Frawley
- Department of ChemistryOxford UniversityChemistry Research LaboratoryOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Andrea Mattioni
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and IQSTUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189069UlmGermany
| | - Felipe Caycedo‐Soler
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and IQSTUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189069UlmGermany
| | - Susana F. Huelga
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and IQSTUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189069UlmGermany
| | - Martin B. Plenio
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and IQSTUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189069UlmGermany
| | - Harry L. Anderson
- Department of ChemistryOxford UniversityChemistry Research LaboratoryOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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9
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Berg EA, Fishman JB. Labeling Antibodies with Cy5-Phycoerythrin. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2019; 2019:2019/9/pdb.prot099317. [PMID: 31481492 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot099317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conjugates of the FRET dye Cy5-phycoerythrin (Cy5PE) with antibodies are relatively straightforward to make. The protocol does require synthesis of the Cy5PE tandem dye. Phycoerythrin (PE) can be purchased from multiple vendors. This type of conjugate is useful for immunofluorescence studies involving protein targets with low expression levels. Although the entire conjugation can be performed in a single day, there is an overnight stopping point. When initially making Cy5PE derivatives, several different conjugates with varying ratios of Cy5 to PE should be made. These should be tested by conjugating to a well-characterized antibody. Absorbance spectra readings are a very worthwhile step to determine the quality of the Cy5PE label.
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Tatikolov AS, Pronkin PG, Panova IG. Spectral-fluorescent study of the interaction of polymethine dye probes with biological surfactants - bile salts. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 216:190-201. [PMID: 30901704 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Spectral-fluorescent properties of polymethine dye probes anionic 3,3'-di(sulfopropyl)-4,5,4',5'-dibenzo-9-ethylthiacarbocyanine-betaine (DEC) and cationic 3,3',9-trimethylthiacarbocyanine iodide (Cyan 2) in the presence of biological surfactants, bile salts sodium cholate (NaC), sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) and sodium taurocholate (NaTC), as well as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), have been studied in a wide range of surfactant concentrations. When a surfactant is introduced into a solution of DEC, changes of the spectral-fluorescent properties are observed due to decomposition of dye dimers into cis-monomers and cis-trans conversion of the resulting monomers. In the presence of SDS, both processes occur in parallel, caused by noncovalent interaction of dye monomers with micelles, and mainly occur near the critical micelle concentration (CMC). In contrast, upon the introduction of increasing concentrations of bile salts, decomposition of dye dimers into the monomers begins at lower concentrations than cis-trans conversion. The former process is almost completed at concentrations close to CMC of secondary micelles (CMC2), while the latter process occurs even at concentrations of bile salts much higher than CMC2. Hence, DEC can serve as a probe that permits estimating the value of CMC2 and is indicative of reorganization of secondary micelles upon an increase in bile salt concentration. Aggregation of DEC and Cyan 2 on bile salts is also observed. Since it is observed at relatively low concentrations of bile salts (<CMC2), the aggregation probably occurs on monomeric molecules of bile salts and their small associates and primary micelles. Decomposition of the aggregates formed begins at concentrations of bile salts above CMC2 (that is, upon the interaction with secondary micelles).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Tatikolov
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin St. 4, Moscow 119334, Russia.
| | - Pavel G Pronkin
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin St. 4, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Ina G Panova
- N.K. Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov St. 26, Moscow 119334, Russia
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Jalalie L, Rezaie MJ, Jalili A, Rezaee MA, Vahabzadeh Z, Rahmani MR, Karimipoor M, Hakhamaneshi MS. Distribution of the CM-Dil-Labeled Human Umbilical Cord Vein Mesenchymal Stem Cells Migrated to the Cyclophosphamide-Injured Ovaries in C57BL/6 Mice. Iran Biomed J 2019; 23:200-8. [PMID: 30797224 PMCID: PMC6462299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be used to treat premature ovarian failure (POF). Different methods have already been applied to detect MSCs in tissues. This study aimed to investigate the quantitative distribution of CM-DiI-labeled human umbilical cord vein MSCs (hUCV-MSCs) in different regions of the ovarian tissue of the cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced POF in mice. Methods Adult female C57BL/6 mice (n = 40) were divided into four groups: (1) Mice receiving PBS as control (Ctrl) group; (2) mice receiving hUCV-MSCs intravenously as Ctrl + hUCV-MSCs group; (3) mice receiving CTX intraperitoneally (i.p.) as CTX group; (4) mice receiving CM-DiI-labeled hUCV-MSCs after CTX injection as CTX + hUCV-MSCs group. Histological changes and CM-DiI-labeled hUCV-MSCs distribution were analyzed in the ovarian tissues. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect human mitochondrial cytochrome b (MTCYB) gene in the ovarian tissues of the mice. Results The mean number of the fluorescent hUCV-MSCs was 20 ± 2.5 (57.1%) in the medulla, 11.3 ± 2.8 (32.2%) in the cortex, and 5.5 ± 1 (15%) in the germinal epithelium of the ovarian tissue (p < 0.05). Moreover, MTCYB gene was detected in the mice ovaries of the CTX + hUCV-MSCs group, but not in other groups. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the distribution of the transplanted hUCV-MSCs in different regions of the ovarian tissue is not equal, and it is greater in the medulla than the cortex and germinal epithelium. This is the first report of quantitative distribution of MSCs in different regions of ovarian tissue in the POF model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Jalalie
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jafar Rezaie
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ali Jalili
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Rezaee
- Zoonoses Research center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Zakaria Vahabzadeh
- Liver and Digestive Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Rahmani
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Zoonoses Research center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Karimipoor
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeed Hakhamaneshi
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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12
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Winkel BM, de Korne CM, van Oosterom MN, Staphorst D, Bunschoten A, Langenberg MC, Chevalley-Maurel SC, Janse CJ, Franke-Fayard B, van Leeuwen FW, Roestenberg M. A tracer-based method enables tracking of Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites during human skin infection. Theranostics 2019; 9:2768-2778. [PMID: 31244921 PMCID: PMC6568182 DOI: 10.7150/thno.33467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The skin stage of malaria is a vital and vulnerable migratory life stage of the parasite. It has been characterised in rodent models, but remains wholly uninvestigated for human malaria parasites. To enable in depth analysis of not genetically modified (non-GMO) Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoite behaviour in human skin, we devised a labelling technology (Cy5M2, targeting the sporozoite mitochondrion) that supports tracking of individual non-GMO sporozoites in human skin. Methods: Sporozoite labelling with Cy5M2 was performed in vitro as well as via the feed of infected Anopheles mosquitos. Labelling was validated using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry and the fitness of labelled sporozoites was determined by analysis of infectivity to human hepatocytes in vitro, and in vivo in a rodent infection model. Using confocal video microscopy and custom software, single-sporozoite tracking studies in human skin-explants were performed. Results: Both in vitro and in mosquito labelling strategies yielded brightly fluorescent sporozoites of three different Plasmodium species. Cy5M2 uptake colocalized with MitoTracker® green and could be blocked using the known Translocator protein (TSPO)-inhibitor PK11195. This method supported the visualization and subsequent quantitative analysis of the migration patterns of individual non-GMO Pf sporozoites in human skin and did not affect the fitness of sporozoites. Conclusions: The ability to label and image non-GMO Plasmodium sporozoites provides the basis for detailed studies on the human skin stage of malaria with potential for in vivo translation. As such, it is an important tool for development of vaccines based on attenuated sporozoites and their route of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice M.F. Winkel
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Interventional Molecular Imaging laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Clarize M. de Korne
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Interventional Molecular Imaging laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias N. van Oosterom
- Interventional Molecular Imaging laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Diego Staphorst
- Interventional Molecular Imaging laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Bunschoten
- Interventional Molecular Imaging laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke C.C. Langenberg
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Chris J. Janse
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Blandine Franke-Fayard
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fijs W.B. van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Meta Roestenberg
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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13
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Patlolla PR, Desai N, Gupta S, Datta B. Interaction of a dimeric carbocyanine dye aggregate with bovine serum albumin in non-aggregated and aggregated forms. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 209:256-263. [PMID: 30414574 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of fluorescent dyes with serum proteins has garnered significant interest owing to potential for non-covalent labeling and imaging applications. In this work, dimeric benzothiazole-based trimethine cyanine dyes are synthesized and their interaction with bovine serum albumin studied. The dimeric cyanine dyes mainly exist as H-dimers and H-aggregates in aqueous solution. A combination of absorbance, fluorescence, circular dichroism spectroscopy and atomic force and fluorescence microscopy indicate the formation of dye-BSA complexes. Binding of one of the dimeric dyes on BSA with a Ka of 1.49×105M-1 results in disruption of dye self-aggregates and unfolding of the dyes into the monomeric or open conformation. Fluorescence enhancement experienced by the dimeric dyes upon interaction with BSA is superior to that registered by Thioflavin T. Surfactant SDS has been used to further tune the self-aggregation of the dimeric dye resulting in a 200-fold fluorescence enhancement in presence of BSA. Interaction of a dimeric dye with BSA under conditions favoring protein aggregation is found to result in faster dye binding and the resulting fluorescence enhancement is easily visualized by fluorescence microscopy. The interaction of a dimeric cyanine dye aggregate with BSA is promising for non-covalent labeling applications in sharp contrast to the monomeric dye counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathap Reddy Patlolla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Nakshi Desai
- Department of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Sharad Gupta
- Department of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Bhaskar Datta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India; Department of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India.
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14
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El Khamlichi C, Reverchon-Assadi F, Hervouet-Coste N, Blot L, Reiter E, Morisset-Lopez S. Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer as a Method to Study Protein-Protein Interactions: Application to G Protein Coupled Receptor Biology. Molecules 2019; 24:E537. [PMID: 30717191 PMCID: PMC6384791 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) approach involves resonance energy transfer between a light-emitting enzyme and fluorescent acceptors. The major advantage of this technique over biochemical methods is that protein-protein interactions (PPI) can be monitored without disrupting the natural environment, frequently altered by detergents and membrane preparations. Thus, it is considered as one of the most versatile technique for studying molecular interactions in living cells at "physiological" expression levels. BRET analysis has been applied to study many transmembrane receptor classes including G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). It is well established that these receptors may function as dimeric/oligomeric forms and interact with multiple effectors to transduce the signal. Therefore, they are considered as attractive targets to identify PPI modulators. In this review, we present an overview of the different BRET systems developed up to now and their relevance to identify inhibitors/modulators of protein⁻protein interaction. Then, we introduce the different classes of agents that have been recently developed to target PPI, and provide some examples illustrating the use of BRET-based assays to identify and characterize innovative PPI modulators in the field of GPCRs biology. Finally, we discuss the main advantages and the limits of BRET approach to characterize PPI modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayma El Khamlichi
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, University of Orléans and INSERM, 45071 Orléans, France.
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, Université François Rabelais-Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - Flora Reverchon-Assadi
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, University of Orléans and INSERM, 45071 Orléans, France.
| | - Nadège Hervouet-Coste
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, University of Orléans and INSERM, 45071 Orléans, France.
| | - Lauren Blot
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, University of Orléans and INSERM, 45071 Orléans, France.
| | - Eric Reiter
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, Université François Rabelais-Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - Séverine Morisset-Lopez
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, University of Orléans and INSERM, 45071 Orléans, France.
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15
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Chakraborty S, Lee SY, Lee JC, Yen CT, Sun CK. Saturated two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy for the visualization of cerebral neural networks at millimeters deep depth. J Biophotonics 2019; 12:e201800136. [PMID: 30112801 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Optical imaging is a key modality for observing biological specimen with higher spatial resolution. However, scattering and absorption of light in tissues are inherent barriers in maximizing imaging depth in biological tissues. To achieve this goal, use of light at near-infrared spectrum can improve the present situation. Here, the capability of saturated two-photon saturated excitation (TP-SAX) fluorescence microscopy to image at depths of >2.0 mm, with submicron resolution in transparent mouse brain imaging, is demonstrated. At such depths with scattering-enlarged point spread function (PSF), we find that TP-SAX is capable to provide spatial resolution improvement compared to its corresponding TPFM, which is on the other hand already providing a much improved resolution compared with single-photon confocal fluorescence microscopy. With the capability to further improve spatial resolution at such deep depth with scattering-enlarged PSF, TP-SAX can be used for exquisite visualization of delicate cerebral neural structure in the scattering regime with a submicron spatial resolution inside intact mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Chakraborty
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yu Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jye-Chang Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Tung Yen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kuang Sun
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics and Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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16
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Elefantova K, Lakatos B, Kubickova J, Sulova Z, Breier A. Detection of the Mitochondrial Membrane Potential by the Cationic Dye JC-1 in L1210 Cells with Massive Overexpression of the Plasma Membrane ABCB1 Drug Transporter. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071985. [PMID: 29986516 PMCID: PMC6073605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
JC-1, a cationic fluorescent dye when added to living cells, is known to be localized exclusively in mitochondria, particularly in good physiological conditions characterized by sufficient mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ). The accumulation of JC-1 in these organelles leads to the formation J-aggregates (with a specific red fluorescence emission maximum at 590 nm), which is in addition to the typical green fluorescence of J-monomers (emission maximum of ∼529 nm). The lack of mitochondrial ΔΨ leads to the depression of JC-1 mitochondrial accumulation and a decrease in J-aggregate formation. Therefore, the ratio between the red and green fluorescence of cells loaded with JC-1 is often used for the detection of the mitochondrial membrane potential. However, JC-1 represents a suitable substrate of the multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Therefore, the depression of the JC-1 content in intracellular space and particularly in the mitochondria to a level that is inefficient for J-aggregate formation could be expected in P-gp-positive cells. In the current paper, we proved this behavior on parental P-gp-negative L1210 (S) cells and their P-gp-positive variants obtained by either selection with vincristine (R) or transfection with the human gene encoding P-gp (T). P-glycoprotein inhibitors cyclosporine A and verapamil fail to restore JC-1 loading of the R and T cells to an extent similar to that observed in S cells. In contrast, the noncompetitive high affinity P-gp inhibitor tariquidar fully restored JC-1 accumulation and the presence of the typical red fluorescence of J-aggregates. In the presence of tariquidar, measurement of the JC-1 fluorescence revealed similar levels of mitochondrial membrane potential in P-gp-negative (S) and P-gp-positive cells (R and T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Elefantova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava 1, Slovakia.
| | - Boris Lakatos
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava 1, Slovakia.
| | - Jana Kubickova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava 1, Slovakia.
| | - Zdena Sulova
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Bioscience, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava 4, Slovakia.
| | - Albert Breier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava 1, Slovakia.
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Bioscience, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava 4, Slovakia.
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Li M, Xie K, Kuang H, Liu J, Wang D, Fox GE, Shi Z, Chen L, Zhao F, Mao Y, Tsien JZ. Neural Coding of Cell Assemblies via Spike-Timing Self-Information. Cereb Cortex 2018; 28:2563-2576. [PMID: 29688285 PMCID: PMC5998964 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cracking brain's neural code is of general interest. In contrast to the traditional view that enormous spike variability in resting states and stimulus-triggered responses reflects noise, here, we examine the "Neural Self-Information Theory" that the interspike-interval (ISI), or the silence-duration between 2 adjoining spikes, carries self-information that is inversely proportional to its variability-probability. Specifically, higher-probability ISIs convey minimal information because they reflect the ground state, whereas lower-probability ISIs carry more information, in the form of "positive" or "negative surprisals," signifying the excitatory or inhibitory shifts from the ground state, respectively. These surprisals serve as the quanta of information to construct temporally coordinated cell-assembly ternary codes representing real-time cognitions. Accordingly, we devised a general decoding method and unbiasedly uncovered 15 cell assemblies underlying different sleep cycles, fear-memory experiences, spatial navigation, and 5-choice serial-reaction time (5CSRT) visual-discrimination behaviors. We further revealed that robust cell-assembly codes were generated by ISI surprisals constituted of ~20% of the skewed ISI gamma-distribution tails, conforming to the "Pareto Principle" that specifies, for many events-including communication-roughly 80% of the output or consequences come from 20% of the input or causes. These results demonstrate that real-time neural coding arises from the temporal assembly of neural-clique members via silence variability-based self-information codes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Brain and Behavior Discovery Institute and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Kun Xie
- Brain and Behavior Discovery Institute and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- The Brain Decoding Center, Banna Biomedical Research Institute, Yunnan Province Academy of Science and Technology, Xi-Shuang-Ban-Na Prefecture, Yunnan, China
| | - Hui Kuang
- Brain and Behavior Discovery Institute and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Brain and Behavior Discovery Institute and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Deheng Wang
- Brain and Behavior Discovery Institute and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- The Brain Decoding Center, Banna Biomedical Research Institute, Yunnan Province Academy of Science and Technology, Xi-Shuang-Ban-Na Prefecture, Yunnan, China
| | - Grace E Fox
- Brain and Behavior Discovery Institute and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- Department of Neuropathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Neuropathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Brain and Behavior Discovery Institute and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- The Brain Decoding Center, Banna Biomedical Research Institute, Yunnan Province Academy of Science and Technology, Xi-Shuang-Ban-Na Prefecture, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neuropathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Joe Z Tsien
- Brain and Behavior Discovery Institute and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- The Brain Decoding Center, Banna Biomedical Research Institute, Yunnan Province Academy of Science and Technology, Xi-Shuang-Ban-Na Prefecture, Yunnan, China
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18
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Szabó Á, Szendi-Szatmári T, Ujlaky-Nagy L, Rádi I, Vereb G, Szöllősi J, Nagy P. The Effect of Fluorophore Conjugation on Antibody Affinity and the Photophysical Properties of Dyes. Biophys J 2018; 114:688-700. [PMID: 29414714 PMCID: PMC5985035 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Because the degree of labeling (DOL) of cell-bound antibodies, often required in quantitative fluorescence measurements, is largely unknown, we investigated the effect of labeling with two different fluorophores (AlexaFluor546, AlexaFluor647) in a systematic way using antibody stock solutions with different DOLs. Here, we show that the mean DOL of the cell-bound antibody fraction is lower than that of the stock using single molecule fluorescence measurements. The effect is so pronounced that the mean DOL levels off at approximately two fluorophores/IgG for some antibodies. We developed a method for comparing the average DOL of antibody stocks to that of the isolated, cell-bound fraction based on fluorescence anisotropy measurements confirming the aforementioned conclusions. We created a model in which individual antibody species with different DOLs, present in an antibody stock solution, were assumed to have distinct affinities and quantum yields. The model calculations confirmed that a calibration curve constructed from the anisotropy of antibody stocks can be used for determining the DOL of the bound fraction. The fluorescence intensity of the cell-bound antibody fractions and of the antibody stocks exhibited distinctly different dependence on the DOL. The behavior of the two dyes was systematically different in this respect. Fitting of the model to these data revealed that labeling with each dye affects quantum yield and antibody affinity differentially. These measurements also implied that fluorophores in multiply labeled antibodies exhibit self-quenching and lead to decreased antibody affinity, conclusions directly confirmed by steady-state intensity measurements and competitive binding assays. Although the fluorescence lifetime of antibodies labeled with multiple fluorophores decreased, the magnitude of this change was not sufficient to account for self-quenching indicating that both dynamic and static quenching processes occur involving H-aggregate formation. Our results reveal multiple effects of fluorophore conjugation, which must not be overlooked in quantitative cell biological measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Szabó
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tímea Szendi-Szatmári
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Ujlaky-Nagy
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Rádi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Vereb
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Szöllősi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Peter Nagy
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Takács S, Bardóczi Z, Skrapits K, Göcz B, Váczi V, Maglóczky Z, Szűcs I, Rácz G, Matolcsy A, Dhillo WS, Watanabe M, Kádár A, Fekete C, Kalló I, Hrabovszky E. Post mortem single-cell labeling with DiI and immunoelectron microscopy unveil the fine structure of kisspeptin neurons in humans. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:2143-2156. [PMID: 29380121 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1610-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptin (KP) synthesizing neurons of the hypothalamic infundibular region are critically involved in the central regulation of fertility; these cells regulate pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion and mediate sex steroid feedback signals to GnRH neurons. Fine structural analysis of the human KP system is complicated by the use of post mortem tissues. To gain better insight into the neuroanatomy of the somato-dendritic cellular compartment, we introduced the diolistic labeling of immunohistochemically identified KP neurons using a gene gun loaded with the lipophilic dye, DiI. Confocal microscopic studies of primary dendrites in 100-µm-thick tissue sections established that 79.3% of KP cells were bipolar, 14.1% were tripolar, and 6.6% were unipolar. Primary dendrites branched sparsely, contained numerous appendages (9.1 ± 1.1 spines/100 µm dendrite), and received rich innervation from GABAergic, glutamatergic, and KP-containing terminals. KP neuron synaptology was analyzed with immunoelectron microscopy on perfusion-fixed specimens. KP axons established frequent contacts and classical synapses on unlabeled, and on KP-immunoreactive somata, dendrites, and spines. Synapses were asymmetric and the presynaptic structures contained round and regular synaptic vesicles, in addition to dense-core granules. Although immunofluorescent studies failed to detect vesicular glutamate transporter isoforms in KP axons, ultrastructural characteristics of synaptic terminals suggested use of glutamatergic, in addition to peptidergic, neurotransmission. In summary, immunofluorescent and DiI labeling of KP neurons in thick hypothalamic sections and immunoelectron microscopic studies of KP-immunoreactive neurons in brains perfusion-fixed shortly post mortem allowed us to identify previously unexplored fine structural features of KP neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Takács
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 43 Szigony St., Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Bardóczi
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- School of PH.D. Studies, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Skrapits
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 43 Szigony St., Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Balázs Göcz
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 43 Szigony St., Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Viktória Váczi
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 43 Szigony St., Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Maglóczky
- Human Brain Research Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Iván Szűcs
- Department of Pathology, St. Borbála Hospital, Tatabanya, Hungary
| | - Gergely Rácz
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Matolcsy
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Andrea Kádár
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Fekete
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Imre Kalló
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Information Technology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erik Hrabovszky
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 43 Szigony St., Budapest, 1083, Hungary.
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Swanner J, Singh R. Synthesis, Purification, Characterization, and Imaging of Cy3-Functionalized Fluorescent Silver Nanoparticles in 2D and 3D Tumor Models. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1790:209-218. [PMID: 29858794 PMCID: PMC6776083 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7860-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have a high affinity for sulfhydryl (thiol) groups, which can be exploited for functionalization with various tracking and targeting moieties. Here, we describe how to reliably and reproducibly functionalize AgNPs with the fluorescent moiety cyanine3-polyethelyne glycol (5000 molecular weight)-thiol (Cy3-PEG5000-SH). We also demonstrate how to purify and characterize Cy3-functionalized AgNPs (Cy3-AgNPs). Additionally, we describe how these Cy3-AgNPs can be imaged in 2D and 3D tumor models, providing insight into cellular localization and diffusion through a tumor spheroid, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Swanner
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ravi Singh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, NC, USA.
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21
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Zhang C, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Chen X, Zhao N, Tan D, Zhang H, Shi C. The Application of Heptamethine Cyanine Dye DZ-1 and Indocyanine Green for Imaging and Targeting in Xenograft Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1332. [PMID: 28635650 PMCID: PMC5486152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging has strong potential for widespread use in noninvasive tumor imaging. Indocyanine green (ICG) is the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA) -approved NIRF dye for clinical diagnosis; however, it is unstable and poorly targets tumors. DZ-1 is a novel heptamethine cyanine NIRF dye, suitable for imaging and tumor targeting. Here, we compared the fluorescence intensity and metabolism of DZ-1 and ICG. Additionally, we assayed their specificities and abilities to target tumor cells, using cultured hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines, a nude mouse subcutaneous xenograft model of liver cancer, and a rabbit orthotopic transplantation model. We found that DZ-1 accumulates in tumor tissue and specifically recognizes HCC in subcutaneous and orthotopic models. The NIRF intensity of DZ-1 was one order of magnitude stronger than that of ICG, and DZ-1 showed excellent intraoperative tumor targeting in the rabbit model. Importantly, ICG accumulated at tumor sites, as well as in the liver and kidney. Furthermore, DZ-1 analog-gemcitabine conjugate (NIRG) exhibited similar tumor-specific targeting and imaging properties, including inhibition of tumor growth, in HCC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice. DZ-1 and NIRG demonstrated superior tumor-targeting specificity, compared to ICG. We show that DZ-1 is an effective molecular probe for specific imaging, targeting, and therapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqin Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Yong Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - He Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Xue Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Ningning Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Dengxu Tan
- Laboratory Animal Center, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Hai Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Changhong Shi
- Laboratory Animal Center, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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22
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DeBord MA, Southerland MR, Wagers PO, Tiemann KM, Robishaw NK, Whiddon KT, Konopka MC, Tessier CA, Shriver LP, Paruchuri S, Hunstad DA, Panzner MJ, Youngs WJ. Synthesis, characterization, in vitro SAR and in vivo evaluation of N,N'bisnaphthylmethyl 2-alkyl substituted imidazolium salts against NSCLC. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:764-775. [PMID: 28126518 PMCID: PMC5575737 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Alkyl- and N,N'-bisnaphthyl-substituted imidazolium salts were tested in vitro for their anti-cancer activity against four non-small cell lung cancer cell lines (NCI-H460, NCI-H1975, HCC827, A549). All compounds had potent anticancer activity with 2 having IC50 values in the nanomolar range for three of the four cell lines, a 17-fold increase in activity against NCI-H1975 cells when compared to cisplatin. Compounds 1-4 also showed high anti-cancer activity against nine NSCLC cell lines in the NCI-60 human tumor cell line screen. In vitro studies performed using the Annexin V and JC-1 assays suggested that NCI-H460 cells treated with 2 undergo an apoptotic cell death pathway and that mitochondria could be the cellular target of 2 with the mechanism of action possibly related to a disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential. The water solubilities of 1-4 was over 4.4mg/mL using 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin as a chemical excipient, thereby providing sufficient solubility for systemic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. DeBord
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States, USA. Tel: 330-972-5362, Fax: 330-972-6085
| | - Marie R. Southerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States, USA. Tel: 330-972-5362, Fax: 330-972-6085
| | - Patrick O. Wagers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States, USA. Tel: 330-972-5362, Fax: 330-972-6085
| | - Kristin M. Tiemann
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Nikki K. Robishaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States, USA. Tel: 330-972-5362, Fax: 330-972-6085
| | - Kyle T. Whiddon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States, USA. Tel: 330-972-5362, Fax: 330-972-6085
| | - Michael C. Konopka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States, USA. Tel: 330-972-5362, Fax: 330-972-6085
| | - Claire A. Tessier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States, USA. Tel: 330-972-5362, Fax: 330-972-6085
| | - Leah P. Shriver
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States, USA. Tel: 330-972-5362, Fax: 330-972-6085
- Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Sailaja Paruchuri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States, USA. Tel: 330-972-5362, Fax: 330-972-6085
| | - David A. Hunstad
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Matthew J. Panzner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States, USA. Tel: 330-972-5362, Fax: 330-972-6085
| | - Wiley J. Youngs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States, USA. Tel: 330-972-5362, Fax: 330-972-6085
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Sumegi K, Fekete K, Antus C, Debreceni B, Hocsak E, Gallyas F, Sumegi B, Szabo A. BGP-15 Protects against Oxidative Stress- or Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mitochondrial Destabilization and Reduces Mitochondrial Production of Reactive Oxygen Species. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169372. [PMID: 28046125 PMCID: PMC5207682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role in the progression of mitochondria-related diseases. A novel insulin sensitizer drug candidate, BGP-15, has been shown to have protective effects in several oxidative stress-related diseases in animal and human studies. In this study, we investigated whether the protective effects of BGP-15 are predominantly via preserving mitochondrial integrity and reducing mitochondrial ROS production. BGP-15 was found to accumulate in the mitochondria, protect against ROS-induced mitochondrial depolarization and attenuate ROS-induced mitochondrial ROS production in a cell culture model, and also reduced ROS production predominantly at the complex I-III system in isolated mitochondria. At physiologically relevant concentrations, BGP-15 protected against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death by reducing both apoptosis and necrosis. Additionally, it attenuated bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS production in LPS-sensitive U-251 glioma cells, suggesting that BGP-15 may have a protective role in inflammatory diseases. However, BGP-15 did not have any antioxidant effects as shown by in vitro chemical and cell culture systems. These data suggest that BGP-15 could be a novel mitochondrial drug candidate for the prevention of ROS-related and inflammatory disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Sumegi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Katalin Fekete
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csenge Antus
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balazs Debreceni
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Eniko Hocsak
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Gallyas
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balazs Sumegi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Aliz Szabo
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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Dai Y, Chen X, Yin J, Kang X, Wang G, Zhang X, Nie Y, Wu K, Liang J. Investigation of injection dose and camera integration time on quantifying pharmacokinetics of a Cy5.5-GX1 probe with dynamic fluorescence imaging in vivo. J Biomed Opt 2016; 21:86001. [PMID: 27488591 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.8.086001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to investigate the influence of a tracer injection dose (ID) and camera integration time (IT) on quantifying pharmacokinetics of Cy5.5-GX1 in gastric cancer BGC-823 cell xenografted mice. Based on three factors, including whether or not to inject free GX1, the ID of Cy5.5-GX1, and the camera IT, 32 mice were randomly divided into eight groups and received 60-min dynamic fluorescence imaging. Gurfinkel exponential model (GEXPM) and Lammertsma simplified reference tissue model (SRTM) combined with a singular value decomposition analysis were used to quantitatively analyze the acquired dynamic fluorescent images. The binding potential (Bp) and the sum of the pharmacokinetic rate constants (SKRC) of Cy5.5-GX1 were determined by the SRTM and EXPM, respectively. In the tumor region, the SKRC value exhibited an obvious trend with change in the tracer ID, but the Bp value was not sensitive to it. Both the Bp and SKRC values were independent of the camera IT. In addition, the ratio of the tumor-to-muscle region was correlated with the camera IT but was independent of the tracer ID. Dynamic fluorescence imaging in conjunction with a kinetic analysis may provide more quantitative information than static fluorescence imaging, especially for a priori information on the optimal ID of targeted probes for individual therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Dai
- Xidian University, Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of Education and School of Life Science and Technology, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Xueli Chen
- Xidian University, Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of Education and School of Life Science and Technology, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Jipeng Yin
- Fourth Military Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, 127 Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiaoyu Kang
- Fourth Military Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, 127 Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Fourth Military Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, 127 Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xianghan Zhang
- Xidian University, Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of Education and School of Life Science and Technology, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- Fourth Military Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, 127 Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- Fourth Military Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, 127 Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jimin Liang
- Xidian University, Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of Education and School of Life Science and Technology, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an 710071, China
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Su T, Wang Y, Wang J, Han D, Ma S, Cao J, Li X, Zhang R, Qiao H, Liang J, Liu G, Yang B, Liang S, Nie Y, Wu K, Li J, Cao F. In Vivo Magnetic Resonance and Fluorescence Dual-Modality Imaging of Tumor Angiogenesis in Rats Using GEBP11 Peptide Targeted Magnetic Nanoparticles. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2016; 12:1011-22. [PMID: 27305822 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2016.2233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an essential process for tumor progression. Tumor vasculature-targeting peptides have shown great potential for use in cancer imaging and therapy. Our previous studies have shown that GEBP11, a novel vasculature-specific binding peptide that exhibits high affinity and specificity to tumor angiogenesis, is a promising candidate for the diagnosis and targeted radiotherapy of gastric cancer. In the present study, we developed a novel magnetic resonance and fluorescence (MR/Fluo) dual-modality imaging probe by covalently coupling 2,3-dimercaptosuccinnic acid-coated paramagnetic nanoparticles (DMSA-MNPs) and Cy5.5 to the GEBP11 peptide. The probe Cy5.5-GEBP11-DMSA-MNPs (CGD-MNPs), with a hydrodynamic diameter of 82.8 ± 6.5 nm, exhibited good imaging properties, high stability and little cytotoxicity. In vivo MR/Fluo imaging revealed that CGD-MNPs were successfully applied to visualize tumor angiogenesis in SGC-7901 xenograft mouse models. Prussian blue and CD31 immunohistochemical staining confirmed that CGD-MNPs co-localized with tumor blood vessels. In conclusion, CGD-MNPs are promising candidates for use as MR and fluorescence imaging probes for visualizing gastric cancer angiogenesis in vivo.
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26
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Shi C, Wu JB, Pan D. Review on near-infrared heptamethine cyanine dyes as theranostic agents for tumor imaging, targeting, and photodynamic therapy. J Biomed Opt 2016; 21:50901. [PMID: 27165449 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.5.050901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A class of near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) heptamethine cyanine dyes that are taken up and accumulated specifically in cancer cells without chemical conjugation have recently emerged as promising tools for tumor imaging and targeting. In addition to their fluorescence and nuclear imaging-based tumor-imaging properties, these dyes can be developed as drug carriers to safely deliver chemotherapy drugs to tumors. They can also be used as effective agents for photodynamic therapy with remarkable tumoricidal activity via photodependent cytotoxic activity. The preferential uptake of dyes into cancer but not normal cells is co-operatively mediated by the prevailing activation of a group of organic anion-transporting polypeptides on cancer cell membranes, as well as tumor hypoxia and increased mitochondrial membrane potential in cancer cells. Such mechanistic explorations have greatly advanced the current application and future development of NIRF dyes and their derivatives as anticancer theranostic agents. This review summarizes current knowledge and emerging advances in NIRF dyes, including molecular characterization, photophysical properties, multimodal development and uptake mechanisms, and their growing potential for preclinical and clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Shi
- Fourth Military Medical University, Laboratory Animal Center, 169 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jason Boyang Wu
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Dongfeng Pan
- University of Virginia, Department of Radiology, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
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27
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Guo Y, Johnson MA, Mehrabian Z, Mishra MK, Kannan R, Miller NR, Bernstein SL. Dendrimers Target the Ischemic Lesion in Rodent and Primate Models of Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154437. [PMID: 27128315 PMCID: PMC4851377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Polyamidoamine dendrimer nanoparticles (~ 4 nanometers) are inert polymers that can be linked to biologically active compounds. These dendrimers selectively target and accumulate in inflammatory cells upon systemic administration. Dendrimer-linked compounds enable sustained release of therapeutic compounds directly at the site of damage. The purpose of this study was to determine if dendrimers can be used to target the optic nerve (ON) ischemic lesion in our rodent and nonhuman primate models of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), a disease affecting >10,000 individuals in the US annually, and for which there currently is no effective treatment. Methods NAION was induced in male Long-Evans rats (rNAION) and in one adult male rhesus monkey (pNAION) using previously described procedures. Dendrimers were covalently linked to near-infrared cyanine-5 fluorescent dye (D-Cy5) and injected both intravitreally and systemically (in the rats) or just systemically (in the monkey) to evaluate D-Cy5 tissue accumulation in the eye and optic nerve following induction of NAION. Results Following NAION induction, Cy-5 dendrimers selectively accumulated in astrocytes and circulating macrophages. Systemic dendrimer administration provided the best penetration of the ON lesion site when injected shortly after induction. Systemic administration 1 day post-induction in the pNAION model gave localization similar to that seen in the rats. Conclusions Dendrimers selectively target the ischemic ON lesion after induction of both rNAION and pNAION. Systemic nanoparticle-linked therapeutics thus may provide a powerful, targeted and safe approach to NAION treatment by providing sustained and focused treatment of the cells directly affected by ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States of America
| | - Mary A. Johnson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States of America
| | - Zara Mehrabian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States of America
| | - Manoj K. Mishra
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States of America
| | - Rangaramanujam Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States of America
| | - Neil R. Miller
- Division of Neuro-Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States of America
| | - Steven L. Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Lu T, Lin Z, Ren J, Yao P, Wang X, Wang Z, Zhang Q. The Non-Specific Binding of Fluorescent-Labeled MiRNAs on Cell Surface by Hydrophobic Interaction. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149751. [PMID: 26930565 PMCID: PMC4773022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs about 22 nt long that play key roles in almost all biological processes and diseases. The fluorescent labeling and lipofection are two common methods for changing the levels and locating the position of cellular miRNAs. Despite many studies about the mechanism of DNA/RNA lipofection, little is known about the characteristics, mechanisms and specificity of lipofection of fluorescent-labeled miRNAs. METHODS AND RESULTS Therefore, miRNAs labeled with different fluorescent dyes were transfected into adherent and suspension cells using lipofection reagent. Then, the non-specific binding and its mechanism were investigated by flow cytometer and laser confocal microscopy. The results showed that miRNAs labeled with Cy5 (cyanine fluorescent dye) could firmly bind to the surface of adherent cells (Hela) and suspended cells (K562) even without lipofection reagent. The binding of miRNAs labeled with FAM (carboxyl fluorescein) to K562 cells was obvious, but it was not significant in Hela cells. After lipofectamine reagent was added, most of the fluorescently labeled miRNAs binding to the surface of Hela cells were transfected into intra-cell because of the high transfection efficiency, however, most of them were still binding to the surface of K562 cells. Moreover, the high-salt buffer which could destroy the electrostatic interactions did not affect the above-mentioned non-specific binding, but the organic solvent which could destroy the hydrophobic interactions eliminated it. CONCLUSIONS These results implied that the fluorescent-labeled miRNAs could non-specifically bind to the cell surface by hydrophobic interaction. It would lead to significant errors in the estimation of transfection efficiency only according to the cellular fluorescence intensity. Therefore, other methods to evaluate the transfection efficiency and more appropriate fluorescent dyes should be used according to the cell types for the accuracy of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zongwei Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianwei Ren
- Health Division of Guard Bureau, General Staff Department of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Yao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Jinan Firefighting Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qunye Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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29
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Lehmann M, Lichtner G, Klenz H, Schmoranzer J. Novel organic dyes for multicolor localization-based super-resolution microscopy. J Biophotonics 2016; 9:161-70. [PMID: 25973835 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201500119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Precise multicolor single molecule localization-based microscopy (SMLM) requires bright probes with compatible photo-chemical and spectral properties to resolve distinct molecular species at the nanoscale. The accuracy of multicolor SMLM is further challenged by color channel crosstalk and chromatic alignment errors. These constrains limit the applicability of known reversibly switchable organic dyes for optimized multicolor SMLM. Here, we tested 28 commercially available dyes for their suitability to super-resolve a known cellular nanostructure. We identified eight novel dyes in different spectral regimes that enable high quality dSTORM imaging. Among those, the spectrally close dyes CF647 and CF680 comprise an optimal dye pair for spectral demixing-based, registration free multicolor dSTORM with low crosstalk. Combining this dye pair with the separately excited CF568 we performed 3-color dSTORM to image the relative nanoscale distribution of components of the endocytic machinery and the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lehmann
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) & Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gregor Lichtner
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) & Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Haider Klenz
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) & Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Schmoranzer
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) & Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
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30
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Chang S, Si T, Zhang S, Merrick MA, Cohn DE, Xu RX. Ultrasound mediated destruction of multifunctional microbubbles for image guided delivery of oxygen and drugs. Ultrason Sonochem 2016; 28:31-38. [PMID: 26384880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized multifunctional activatible microbubbles (MAMs) for ultrasound mediated delivery of oxygen and drugs with both ultrasound and fluorescence imaging guidance. Oxygen enriched perfluorocarbon (PFC) compound was encapsulated in liposome microbubbles (MBs) by a modified emulsification process. DiI dye was loaded as a model drug. The ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) process was guided by both ultrasonography and fluorescence imaging modalities. The process was validated in both a dialysis membrane tube model and a porcine carotid artery model. Our experiment results show that the UTMD process effectively facilitates the controlled delivery of oxygen and drug at the disease site and that the MAM agent enables ultrasound and fluorescence imaging guidance of the UTMD process. The proposed MAM agent can be potentially used for UTMD-mediated combination therapy in hypoxic ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Ting Si
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Mark A Merrick
- Division of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - David E Cohn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ronald X Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
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Abstract
Lipopolymer 49, a solid-phase synthesized T-shaped peptide-like oligoamide containing two central oleic acids, 20 aminoethane, and two terminal cysteine units, is identified as very potent and biocompatible small interfering RNA (siRNA) carrier for gene silencing in glioma cells. This carrier is combined with a novel targeting polymer 727, containing a precise sequence of Angiopep 2 targeting peptide, linked with 28 monomer units of ethylene glycol, 40 aminoethane, and two terminal cysteines in siRNA complex formation. Angiopep-polyethylene glycol (PEG)/siRNA polyplexes exhibit good nanoparticle features, effective glioma-targeting siRNA delivery, and intracellular siRNA release, resulting in an outstanding gene downregulation both in glioma cells and upon intravenous delivery in glioma model nude mice without significant biotoxicity. Therefore, this novel siRNA delivery system is expected to be a promising strategy for targeted and safe glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai An
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dongsheng He
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Chen Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
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He Y, Haque MM, Stuehr DJ, Lu HP. Single-molecule spectroscopy reveals how calmodulin activates NO synthase by controlling its conformational fluctuation dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:11835-40. [PMID: 26311846 PMCID: PMC4586839 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1508829112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms that regulate the nitric oxide synthase enzymes (NOS) are of interest in biology and medicine. Although NOS catalysis relies on domain motions, and is activated by calmodulin binding, the relationships are unclear. We used single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) spectroscopy to elucidate the conformational states distribution and associated conformational fluctuation dynamics of the two electron transfer domains in a FRET dye-labeled neuronal NOS reductase domain, and to understand how calmodulin affects the dynamics to regulate catalysis. We found that calmodulin alters NOS conformational behaviors in several ways: It changes the distance distribution between the NOS domains, shortens the lifetimes of the individual conformational states, and instills conformational discipline by greatly narrowing the distributions of the conformational states and fluctuation rates. This information was specifically obtainable only by single-molecule spectroscopic measurements, and reveals how calmodulin promotes catalysis by shaping the physical and temporal conformational behaviors of NOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan He
- Center for Photochemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403
| | - Mohammad Mahfuzul Haque
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Dennis J Stuehr
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - H Peter Lu
- Center for Photochemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403;
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Abstract
Direct visualization of genomic loci in the 3D nucleus is important for understanding the spatial organization of the genome and its association with gene expression. Various DNA FISH methods have been developed in the past decades, all involving denaturing dsDNA and hybridizing fluorescent nucleic acid probes. Here we report a novel approach that uses in vitro constituted nuclease-deficient clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated caspase 9 (Cas9) complexes as probes to label sequence-specific genomic loci fluorescently without global DNA denaturation (Cas9-mediated fluorescence in situ hybridization, CASFISH). Using fluorescently labeled nuclease-deficient Cas9 (dCas9) protein assembled with various single-guide RNA (sgRNA), we demonstrated rapid and robust labeling of repetitive DNA elements in pericentromere, centromere, G-rich telomere, and coding gene loci. Assembling dCas9 with an array of sgRNAs tiling arbitrary target loci, we were able to visualize nonrepetitive genomic sequences. The dCas9/sgRNA binary complex is stable and binds its target DNA with high affinity, allowing sequential or simultaneous probing of multiple targets. CASFISH assays using differently colored dCas9/sgRNA complexes allow multicolor labeling of target loci in cells. In addition, the CASFISH assay is remarkably rapid under optimal conditions and is applicable for detection in primary tissue sections. This rapid, robust, less disruptive, and cost-effective technology adds a valuable tool for basic research and genetic diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wulan Deng
- Transcription Imaging Consortium, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147;
| | - Xinghua Shi
- Transcription Imaging Consortium, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147
| | - Robert Tjian
- Transcription Imaging Consortium, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94707
| | - Timothée Lionnet
- Transcription Imaging Consortium, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147
| | - Robert H Singer
- Transcription Imaging Consortium, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147; Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
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Onoe S, Temma T, Kanazaki K, Ono M, Saji H. Development of photostabilized asymmetrical cyanine dyes for in vivo photoacoustic imaging of tumors. J Biomed Opt 2015; 20:096006. [PMID: 26358819 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.9.096006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) contributes to tumor diagnosis through the use of PAI probes that effectively accumulate in tumors. Previously, we developed a symmetrical cyanine dye, IC7-1-Bu, which showed high potential as a PAI probe because of its high tumor targeting ability and sufficient in vivo PA signal. However, IC7-1-Bu lacks photostability for multiple laser irradiations, so we developed stabilized PAI probes using IC7-1-Bu as a lead compound. We focused on the effect of singlet oxygen (1O2) generated by excited PAI probes on probe degeneration. We introduced a triplet-state quencher (TSQ) moiety into IC7-1-Bu to quench 1O2 generation and designed three IC-n-T derivatives with different linker lengths (n indicates linker length). The IC-n-T derivatives emitted in vitro PA signals that were comparable to IC7-1-Bu and significantly reduced 1O2 generation while showing improved photostability against multiple irradiations. Of the three derivatives evaluated, IC-5-T accumulated in tumors effectively to allow clear PAI of tumors in vivo. Furthermore, the photostability of IC-5-T was 1.5-fold higher than that of IC7-1-Bu in in vivo sequential PAI. These results suggest that IC-5-T is a potential PAI probe for in vivo sequential tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Onoe
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Temma
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, JapanbNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Department of Investig
| | - Kengo Kanazaki
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, JapancCanon Inc., Corporate R&D Headquarters, Medical Imaging Project, 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, O
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hideo Saji
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Ruan S, He Q, Gao H. Matrix metalloproteinase triggered size-shrinkable gelatin-gold fabricated nanoparticles for tumor microenvironment sensitive penetration and diagnosis of glioma. Nanoscale 2015; 7:9487-9496. [PMID: 25909483 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01408e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To improve glioma targeting delivery efficiency and to monitor drug delivery and treatment outcome, a novel tumor microenvironment sensitive size-shrinkable theranostic system was constructed and evaluated. The G-AuNPs-DC-RRGD system was constructed by fabricating small sized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) onto matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) degradable gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs), doxorubicin (DOX) and Cy5.5 were decorated onto AuNPs through a hydrazone bond to enable the system with pH triggered cargoes release, and RRGD, a tandem peptide of RGD and octarginine was surface-modified onto the system to enable it with glioma active targeting ability. In vitro, the size of G-AuNPs-DC-RRGD could effectively shrink from 188.2 nm to 55.9 nm after incubation with MMP-2, while DOX and Cy5.5 were released in a pH dependent manner. Cellular uptake demonstrated that G-AuNPs-DC-RRGD could be effectively taken up by cells with higher intensity than G-AuNPs-DC-PEG. A study of tumor spheroids further demonstrated that the particles with smaller size showed better penetration ability, while RRGD modification could further improve permeability. In vivo, G-AuNPs-DC-RRGD displayed the best glioma targeting and accumulation efficiency, with good colocalization with neovessels. Cy5.5 also was colocalized well with DOX, indicating that Cy5.5 could be used for imaging of DOX delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Samanta A, Walper SA, Susumu K, Dwyer CL, Medintz IL. An enzymatically-sensitized sequential and concentric energy transfer relay self-assembled around semiconductor quantum dots. Nanoscale 2015; 7:7603-7614. [PMID: 25804284 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr00828j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control light energy within de novo nanoscale structures and devices will greatly benefit their continuing development and ultimate application. Ideally, this control should extend from generating the light itself to its spatial propagation within the device along with providing defined emission wavelength(s), all in a stand-alone modality. Here we design and characterize macromolecular nanoassemblies consisting of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), several differentially dye-labeled peptides and the enzyme luciferase which cumulatively demonstrate many of these capabilities by engaging in multiple-sequential energy transfer steps. To create these structures, recombinantly-expressed luciferase and the dye-labeled peptides were appended with a terminal polyhistidine sequence allowing for controlled ratiometric self-assembly around the QDs via metal-affinity coordination. The QDs serve to provide multiple roles in these structures including as central assembly platforms or nanoscaffolds along with acting as a potent energy harvesting and transfer relay. The devices are activated by addition of coelenterazine H substrate which is oxidized by luciferase producing light energy which sensitizes the central 625 nm emitting QD acceptor by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). The sensitized QD, in turn, acts as a relay and transfers the energy to a first peptide-labeled Alexa Fluor 647 acceptor dye displayed on its surface. This dye then transfers energy to a second red-shifted peptide-labeled dye acceptor on the QD surface through a second concentric Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) process. Alexa Fluor 700 and Cy5.5 are both tested in the role of this terminal FRET acceptor. Photophysical analysis of spectral profiles from the resulting sequential BRET-FRET-FRET processes allow us to estimate the efficiency of each of the transfer steps. Importantly, the efficiency of each step within this energy transfer cascade can be controlled to some extent by the number of enzymes/peptides displayed on the QD. Further optimization of the energy transfer process(es) along with potential applications of such devices are finally discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Samanta
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
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37
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Ádori C, Glück L, Barde S, Yoshitake T, Kovacs GG, Mulder J, Maglóczky Z, Havas L, Bölcskei K, Mitsios N, Uhlén M, Szolcsányi J, Kehr J, Rönnbäck A, Schwartz T, Rehfeld JF, Harkany T, Palkovits M, Schulz S, Hökfelt T. Critical role of somatostatin receptor 2 in the vulnerability of the central noradrenergic system: new aspects on Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2015; 129:541-63. [PMID: 25676386 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and other age-related neurodegenerative disorders are associated with deterioration of the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC), a probable trigger for mood and memory dysfunction. LC noradrenergic neurons exhibit particularly high levels of somatostatin binding sites. This is noteworthy since cortical and hypothalamic somatostatin content is reduced in neurodegenerative pathologies. Yet a possible role of a somatostatin signal deficit in the maintenance of noradrenergic projections remains unknown. Here, we deployed tissue microarrays, immunohistochemistry, quantitative morphometry and mRNA profiling in a cohort of Alzheimer's and age-matched control brains in combination with genetic models of somatostatin receptor deficiency to establish causality between defunct somatostatin signalling and noradrenergic neurodegeneration. In Alzheimer's disease, we found significantly reduced somatostatin protein expression in the temporal cortex, with aberrant clustering and bulging of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive afferents. As such, somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) mRNA was highly expressed in the human LC, with its levels significantly decreasing from Braak stages III/IV and onwards, i.e., a process preceding advanced Alzheimer's pathology. The loss of SSTR2 transcripts in the LC neurons appeared selective, since tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine β-hydroxylase, galanin or galanin receptor 3 mRNAs remained unchanged. We modeled these pathogenic changes in Sstr2(-/-) mice and, unlike in Sstr1(-/-) or Sstr4(-/-) genotypes, they showed selective, global and progressive degeneration of their central noradrenergic projections. However, neuronal perikarya in the LC were found intact until late adulthood (<8 months) in Sstr2(-/-) mice. In contrast, the noradrenergic neurons in the superior cervical ganglion lacked SSTR2 and, as expected, the sympathetic innervation of the head region did not show any signs of degeneration. Our results indicate that SSTR2-mediated signaling is integral to the maintenance of central noradrenergic projections at the system level, and that early loss of somatostatin receptor 2 function may be associated with the selective vulnerability of the noradrenergic system in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Ádori
- Department of Neuroscience, Retzius Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden,
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38
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Mérian J, Boisgard R, Bayle PA, Bardet M, Tavitian B, Texier I. Comparative biodistribution in mice of cyanine dyes loaded in lipid nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 93:1-10. [PMID: 25805562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two near infrared cyanine dyes, DiD (1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine perchlorate) and ICG (Indocyanine Green) were loaded in lipid nanoparticles (LNP). DiD-LNP and ICG-LNP presented similar physicochemical characteristics (hydrodynamic diameter, polydispersity, zeta potential), encapsulation efficiency, and colloidal stability when stored in PBS buffer. However, whereas DiD had similar biodistribution than cholesteryl-1-(14)C-oleate ([(14)C]CHO, a constituent of the nanoparticle used as a reference radiotracer), ICG displayed a different biodistribution pattern, similar to that of the free dye, indicative of its immediate leakage from the nanovector after blood injection. NMR spectroscopy using Proton NOE (Nuclear Overhauser Effect) measurements showed that the localization of the dye in the lipid nanoparticles was slightly different: ICG, more amphiphilic than DiD, was found both inside the lipid core and at particle interface, whereas DiD, more hydrophobic, appeared exclusively located inside the particle core. The ICG release rate from the particles was 7% per 1 month under storage conditions (4 °C, dark, 10% of lipids), whereas no leakage could be detected for DiD. ICG leakage increased considerably in the presence of BSA 40 g/L (45% leakage in 24h at 100 mg/mL of lipids), because of the high affinity of the fluorophore for plasma proteins. On the contrary, no DiD leakage was observed, until high dilution of the nanoparticles which triggered their dissociation (45% leakage in 24h at 1 mg/mL of lipids). Altogether, the subtle difference in dye localization into the nanoparticles, the partial dissociation of the LNP in diluted media, and more importantly the high ICG affinity for plasma proteins, accounted for the differences observed in the fluorescence biodistribution after tail vein injection of the dye-loaded nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Mérian
- Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CEA-LETI MINATEC/ DTBS, 17 avenue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; SHFJ, CEA Orsay, 4 place Général Leclerc, 91401 Orsay Cedex, France; INSERM UMR 970, PARCC, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France; Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Boisgard
- SHFJ, CEA Orsay, 4 place Général Leclerc, 91401 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Pierre-Alain Bayle
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SCIB, LRM, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CEA, INAC-SCIB, LRM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Bardet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SCIB, LRM, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CEA, INAC-SCIB, LRM, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Bertrand Tavitian
- INSERM UMR 970, PARCC, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France; Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Texier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CEA-LETI MINATEC/ DTBS, 17 avenue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
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Skarabahatava AS, Lukyanenko LM, Slobozhanina EI, Falcioni ML, Orlando P, Silvestri S, Tiano L, Falcioni G. Plasma and mitochondrial membrane perturbation induced by aluminum in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 31:37-44. [PMID: 26004890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum is a redox-inert element that could induce cell damage via activation of oxidative stress. In this work, the effect of aluminum on different cellular compartments of human peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied. The presence of aluminum induced a lipid peroxidation and physico-chemical modifications at the membrane level. A decrease in fluorescence anisotropy of TMA-DPH and in the polarity of the lipid bilayer with a concomitant shift toward a gel phase was observed, while the pyrene excimerization coefficient (Kex) increased. Flow cytometry measurements, using JC-1, Rhodamine 123 and H2-DCFDA as fluorescent probes, indicated that aluminum induces a slight mitochondrial membrane depolarization that was associated with a moderate increase in reactive oxygen species production. A significative influence on these parameters was measured only at high aluminum concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Patrick Orlando
- Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, via Ranieri 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Silvestri
- Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, via Ranieri 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, via Ranieri 60131, Ancona, Italy.
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Jagoda EM, Bhattacharyya S, Kalen J, Riffle L, Leeder A, Histed S, Williams M, Wong KJ, Xu B, Szajek LP, Elbuluk O, Cecchi F, Raffensperger K, Golla M, Bottaro DP, Choyke P. Imaging the Met Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (Met) and Assessing Tumor Responses to a Met Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor in Human Xenograft Mouse Models with a [99mTc] (AH-113018) or Cy 5** (AH-112543) Labeled Peptide. Mol Imaging 2015; 14:499-515. [PMID: 26461980 PMCID: PMC7709139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing an imaging agent targeting the hepatocyte growth factor receptor protein (Met) status of cancerous lesions would aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of Met-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). A peptide targeting Met labeled with [(99m)Tc] had high affinity in vitro (Kd = 3.3 nM) and detected relative changes in Met in human cancer cell lines. In vivo [(99m)Tc]-Met peptide (AH-113018) was retained in Met-expressing tumors, and high-expressing Met tumors (MKN-45) were easily visualized and quantitated using single-photon emission computed tomography or optical imaging. In further studies, MKN-45 mouse xenografts treated with PHA 665752 (Met TKI) or vehicle were monitored weekly for tumor responses by [(99m)Tc]-Met peptide imaging and measurement of tumor volumes. Tumor uptake of [(99m)Tc]-Met peptide was significantly decreased as early as 1 week after PHA 665752 treatment, corresponding to decreases in tumor volumes. These results were comparable to Cy5**-Met peptide (AH-112543) fluorescence imaging using the same treatment model. [(99m)Tc] or Cy5**-Met peptide tumor uptake was further validated by histologic (necrosis, apoptosis) and immunoassay (total Met, p Met, and plasma shed Met) assessments in imaged and nonimaged cohorts. These data suggest that [(99m)Tc] or Cy5**-Met peptide imaging may have clinical diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic monitoring applications.
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Murakami LS, Ferreira LP, Santos JS, da Silva RS, Nomizo A, Kuz'min VA, Borissevitch IE. Photocytotoxicity of a cyanine dye with two chromophores toward melanoma and normal cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1850:1150-7. [PMID: 25512065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to high optical absorption, triplet quantum yield and affinity to biological structures bichromophoric cyanine dyes (BCDs) can be considered promising sensitizers for application in photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this work, we report on the study of the BCD photocytotoxicity toward melanoma and normal cells in comparison with that of commercial photosensitizer Photogem®. METHODS The cytotoxic and phototoxic effects were measured by standard tests of cell viability. The drug uptake was obtained by the flow cytometry and optical absorption techniques. The BCD intracellular distribution was obtained by the fluorescence image microscopy using specific organelle markers. RESULTS Both drugs demonstrated increased cytotoxicity under irradiation, while in darkness their cytotoxic effect at concentrations lower than 20 μM after 24 h of incubation did not exceed 20%. For 5 h of incubation, BCD photocytotoxicity in relation to melanoma cells reached 100% already at concentrations below 5 μM, while for normal cells the effect did not exceed 70% even for the 20 μM concentration. It is shown that BCD penetrates into the cells and is located predominantly in perinuclear cytoplasmic structures. CONCLUSIONS The BCD photosensitizing characteristics appear more adequate for application in PDT than that of the actually applied commercial photosensitizer Photogem®. Higher light absorption by BCD in the near IR region and its preferential localization in mitochondria can explain its high photocytotoxicity. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE BCD can be considered as a new promising photosensitizer class for cancer PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Murakami
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - L P Ferreira
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - J S Santos
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Zeferino Vaz s/n, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - R S da Silva
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Zeferino Vaz s/n, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - A Nomizo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Zeferino Vaz s/n, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - V A Kuz'min
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Science, Kosygin St, 4, 117977 Moscow, Russia
| | - I E Borissevitch
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Halo TL, McMahon KM, Angeloni NL, Xu Y, Wang W, Chinen AB, Malin D, Strekalova E, Cryns VL, Cheng C, Mirkin CA, Thaxton CS. NanoFlares for the detection, isolation, and culture of live tumor cells from human blood. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:17104-9. [PMID: 25404304 PMCID: PMC4260589 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1418637111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis portends a poor prognosis for cancer patients. Primary tumor cells disseminate through the bloodstream before the appearance of detectable metastatic lesions. The analysis of cancer cells in blood—so-called circulating tumor cells (CTCs)—may provide unprecedented opportunities for metastatic risk assessment and investigation. NanoFlares are nanoconstructs that enable live-cell detection of intracellular mRNA. NanoFlares, when coupled with flow cytometry, can be used to fluorescently detect genetic markers of CTCs in the context of whole blood. They allow one to detect as few as 100 live cancer cells per mL of blood and subsequently culture those cells. This technique can also be used to detect CTCs in a murine model of metastatic breast cancer. As such, NanoFlares provide, to our knowledge, the first genetic-based approach for detecting, isolating, and characterizing live cancer cells from blood and may provide new opportunities for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/blood
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Cadherins/genetics
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Carbocyanines/chemistry
- Carbocyanines/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA, Antisense/chemistry
- DNA, Antisense/genetics
- DNA, Antisense/metabolism
- Female
- Fibronectins/genetics
- Fibronectins/metabolism
- Gold/chemistry
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Luminescent Proteins/genetics
- Luminescent Proteins/metabolism
- Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Nanotechnology/methods
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/chemistry
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Vimentin/genetics
- Vimentin/metabolism
- Red Fluorescent Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany L Halo
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113
| | - Kaylin M McMahon
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611; Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611; Walter S. and Lucienne Driskill Graduate Training Program in Life Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Nicholas L Angeloni
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611; Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611; Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Yilin Xu
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Wei Wang
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Alyssa B Chinen
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113
| | - Dmitry Malin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705; and
| | - Elena Strekalova
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705; and
| | - Vincent L Cryns
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705; and
| | - Chonghui Cheng
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and
| | - C Shad Thaxton
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611; Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611; Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611;
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43
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Abstract
Multiple stress factors in honey bees are causing loss of bee colonies worldwide. Several infectious agents of bees are believed to contribute to this problem. The mechanisms of honey bee immunity are not completely understood, in part due to limited information about the types and abundances of hemocytes that help bees resist disease. Our study utilized flow cytometry and microscopy to examine populations of hemolymph particulates in honey bees. We found bee hemolymph includes permeabilized cells, plasmatocytes, and acellular objects that resemble microparticles, listed in order of increasing abundance. The permeabilized cells and plasmatocytes showed unexpected differences with respect to properties of the plasma membrane and labeling with annexin V. Both permeabilized cells and plasmatocytes failed to show measurable mitochondrial membrane potential by flow cytometry using the JC-1 probe. Our results suggest hemolymph particulate populations are dynamic, revealing significant differences when comparing individual hive members, and when comparing colonies exposed to diverse conditions. Shifts in hemocyte populations in bees likely represent changing conditions or metabolic differences of colony members. A better understanding of hemocyte profiles may provide insight into physiological responses of honey bees to stress factors, some of which may be related to colony failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Marringa
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Krueger
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nancy L. Burritt
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - James B. Burritt
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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44
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Hepojoki S, Nurmi V, Vaheri A, Hedman K, Vapalahti O, Hepojoki J. A protein L-based immunodiagnostic approach utilizing time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106432. [PMID: 25181527 PMCID: PMC4152265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chelated lanthanides such as europium (Eu) have uniquely long fluorescence emission half-lives permitting their use in time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) assays. In Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) a donor fluorophore transfers its emission energy to an acceptor fluorophore if in sufficiently close proximity. The use of time-resolved (TR) FRET minimizes the autofluorescence of molecules present in biological samples. In this report, we describe a homogenous immunoassay prototype utilizing TR-FRET for detection of antibodies in solution. The assay is based on labeled protein L, a bacterial protein that binds to immunoglobulin (Ig) light chain, and labeled antigen, which upon association with the same Ig molecule produce a TR-FRET active complex. We show that the approach is functional and can be utilized for both mono- and polyvalent antigens. We also compare the assay performance to that of another homogenous TR-FRET immunoassay reported earlier. This novel assay may have wide utility in infectious disease point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Hepojoki
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Visa Nurmi
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Vaheri
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Laboratory Services, HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Klaus Hedman
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Laboratory Services, HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Laboratory Services, HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Hepojoki
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
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45
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Vogl T, Eisenblätter M, Völler T, Zenker S, Hermann S, van Lent P, Faust A, Geyer C, Petersen B, Roebrock K, Schäfers M, Bremer C, Roth J. Alarmin S100A8/S100A9 as a biomarker for molecular imaging of local inflammatory activity. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4593. [PMID: 25098555 PMCID: PMC4143994 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has a key role in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. The early detection, localization and monitoring of inflammation are crucial for tailoring individual therapies. However, reliable biomarkers to detect local inflammatory activities and to predict disease outcome are still missing. Alarmins, which are locally released during cellular stress, are early amplifiers of inflammation. Here, using optical molecular imaging, we demonstrate that the alarmin S100A8/S100A9 serves as a sensitive local and systemic marker for the detection of even sub-clinical disease activity in inflammatory and immunological processes like irritative and allergic contact dermatitis. In a model of collagen-induced arthritis, we use S100A8/S100A9 imaging to predict the development of disease activity. Furthermore, S100A8/S100A9 can act as a very early and sensitive biomarker in experimental leishmaniasis for phagocyte activation linked to an effective Th1-response. In conclusion, the alarmin S100A8/S100A9 is a valuable and sensitive molecular target for novel imaging approaches to monitor clinically relevant inflammatory disorders on a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Michel Eisenblätter
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Tom Völler
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefanie Zenker
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sven Hermann
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Peter van Lent
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Faust
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christiane Geyer
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Beatrix Petersen
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kirsten Roebrock
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003 ‘Cells in Motion - CiM’, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christoph Bremer
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Radiology, St Franziskus Hospital Münster, 48145 Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003 ‘Cells in Motion - CiM’, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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46
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Bamford RA, Zhao ZY, Hotchin NA, Styles IB, Nash GB, Tucker JHR, Bicknell R. Electroporation and microinjection successfully deliver single-stranded and duplex DNA into live cells as detected by FRET measurements. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95097. [PMID: 24755680 PMCID: PMC3995676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) technology relies on the close proximity of two compatible fluorophores for energy transfer. Tagged (Cy3 and Cy5) complementary DNA strands forming a stable duplex and a doubly-tagged single strand were shown to demonstrate FRET outside of a cellular environment. FRET was also observed after transfecting these DNA strands into fixed and live cells using methods such as microinjection and electroporation, but not when using lipid based transfection reagents, unless in the presence of the endosomal acidification inhibitor bafilomycin. Avoiding the endocytosis pathway is essential for efficient delivery of intact DNA probes into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary A. Bamford
- PSIBS Doctoral Training Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Zheng-yun Zhao
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Neil A. Hotchin
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Iain B. Styles
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard B. Nash
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - James H. R. Tucker
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (JHRT); (RB)
| | - Roy Bicknell
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (JHRT); (RB)
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47
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Zhang J, Lu Z, Fei X, Dai X, Wu J, Wan Y, Wang Z, Wang A, Dong J, Lan Q, Huang Q. [Establishment and characterization of dual-color fluorescence nude mouse models of glioma]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2014; 36:97-102. [PMID: 24796456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish red-green dual-color fluorescence glioma model in nude mice and to explore its practical values. METHODS CM-DiI-stained rat glioma C6 cells (C6-CM- DiI cells) expressing red fluorescence were inoculated into the brain of athymic nude mice expressing green fluorescence protein (NC-C57BL/6J-EGFP). Then the whole-body dual-color fluorescence imaging was detected dynamically. Finally whole brains of the tumor-bearing mice were removed and 5 µm thick serial frozen slices were made. Light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy were performed to observe the transplanted tumor tissue structure and fluorescent cells. RESULTS Tumor mass with red fluorescence increased gradually under continuous in-vivo fluorescence imaging monitoring. Under the fluorescence microscope, cells with red, green and yellow fluorescence were observed in the frozen sections of transplanted tumor tissue and the mutual structural relationship among them could be defined. The tumor cells migration, implantation and cell fusion between transplanted tumor cells and host cells could be observed. It could be distinguished according to the fluorescence, that blood vessels of tumor-origin displayed red fluorescence, blood vessels of host-origin displayed green fluorescence and mosaic blood vessels appeared yellow fluorescence. It was depicted that host innate astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the microenvironment at the tumor periphery could be activated and dedifferentiated into nestin-positive cells. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to traditional animal model, the dual-color fluorescence imaging of nude mouse models of glioma possesses enormous advantages in investigating tumor mass in-vivo fluorescence imaging, tumor cells migration and metastasis, tumor angiogenesis and reactive activation of host innate cells in the microenvironment at tumor periphery, thus, has highly practical application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
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48
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Ostojic A, Crowe S, McNeill B, Ruel M, Suuronen EJ. Preparation and characterization of circulating angiogenic cells for tissue engineering applications. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1181:27-38. [PMID: 25070324 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1047-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) are a heterogeneous cell population of bone marrow (BM) origin. These cells are most commonly derived from the peripheral blood, bone marrow, and cord blood, and are one of the leading candidates for promoting vascularization in tissue engineering therapies. CACs can be isolated by culturing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) on fibronectin or by flow cytometry to obtain more specific subpopulations. Here we will describe how to generate a population of CACs, and how to characterize the cells and confirm their phenotype. Also, we will provide select methods that can be used to assess the angiogenic and endothelial cell-like properties of the CACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Ostojic
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1Y 4W7
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49
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Byeon HJ, Choi SH, Choi JS, Kim I, Shin BS, Lee ES, Park ES, Lee KC, Youn YS. Four-arm PEG cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogels containing PEGylated apoptotic TRAIL protein for treating pancreatic cancer. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:142-50. [PMID: 24021228 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Four-arm polyethylene glycol (PEG) cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels containing PEGylated tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (PEG-TRAIL) were fabricated, and their antitumor effects were evaluated in pancreatic cell (Mia Paca-2)-xenografted mice. HA was conjugated with 4-arm PEG(10k)-amine (a cross-linker) at ratios of 100:1 and 100:2 using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride as a cross-linker, and TRAIL or PEG-TRAIL was incorporated into these HA hydrogels. HA hydrogels at a 100:1 ratio were prepared in good yields (>88%), were moderately stiff, and gradually released PEG-TRAIL over ~14 days in vitro and over ~7 days in vivo (as determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography and infrared imaging). The released PEG-TRAIL was found to have obvious apoptotic activity in Mia Paca-2 cells. PEG-TRAIL HA hydrogels displayed remarkably more antitumor efficacy than TRAIL HA hydrogels in Mia Paca-2 cell-xenografted mice in terms of tumor volumes (size) and weights (453.2mm(3) and 1.03 g vs. 867.5mm(3) and 1.86 g). Furthermore, this improved antitumor efficacy was found to be due to the apoptotic activity of PEG-TRAIL in vivo (determined by a TUNEL assay) despite its substantially lower cytotoxicity than native TRAIL (IC50 values: 71.8 and 202.5 ng ml(-1), respectively). This overall enhanced antitumor effect of PEG-TRAIL HA hydrogels appeared to be due to the increased stability of PEGylated TRAIL in HA hydrogels. These findings indicate that this HA hydrogel system combined with PEG-TRAIL should be considered a potential candidate for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Jun Byeon
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
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50
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Hellberg H, Bjerkås I, Vågnes ØB, Noga EJ. Mast cells in common wolffish Anarhichas lupus L.: ontogeny, distribution and association with lymphatic vessels. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2013; 35:1769-1778. [PMID: 24436976 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The morphology, ontogeny and tissue distribution of mast cells were studied in common wolffish(Anarhichas lupus L.) at the larval, juvenile and adult life stages using light and electron-microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Fish were sampled at 1 day, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 and 12 weeks post-hatching in addition to 6 and 9 months and 2 years and older. From 8 weeks post-hatching, mast cells in common wolffish mainly appeared as oval or rounded cells 8-15 mm in diameter with an eccentrically placed, ovoid nucleus and filled with cytoplasmic granules up to 1.2 mm in diameter. Granules were refractile and eosinophilic to slightly basophilic in H&E and stained bright red with Martius-scarlet-blue and purple with pinacyanol erythrosinate in formalin-fixed tissues. Mast cells stained positive for piscidin 4 and Fc ε RI by immunohistochemistry. From 1 day to 4 weeks post-hatching, immature mast cell containing only a few irregularly sized cytoplasmic granules were observed by light and electron-microscopy in loose connective tissue of cranial areas. From 1 day post-hatching, these cells stained positive for piscidin 4 and Fc ε RI by immunohistochemistry. From 12 weeks post-hatching, mast cells showed a primarily perivascular distribution and were particularly closely associated with lymphatic vessels and sinuses. Mast cells were mainly located at the peripheral border of the adventitia of arteries and veins, while they were in intimate contact with the endothelium of the lymphatic vessels. Numerous mast cells were observed in the intestine. A stratum compactum, as described in salmonids, was not observed in wolffish intestine,nor were mast cells confined to a separate layer, a stratum granulosum. Lymphatic vessels consisting of endothelium, intimal connective tissue and a poorly developed basal lamina were observed in the intestine. Scanning electron microscopy was used to compare the structure and localization of intestinal mast cells of common wolffish and rainbow trout. Scanning electron microscopy also revealed endothelial surface features and confirmed the existence of three distinctly different types of vessels in the wolffish intestine. Rainbow trout mast cell granules appeared as intact globular structures while empty vacuoles were observed in common wolffish. Mast cells were closely associated with lymphatic vessels in common wolffish, but not in rainbow trout.
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