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Beaumale E, Van Hove L, Pintard L, Joly N. Microtubule-binding domains in Katanin p80 subunit are essential for severing activity in C. elegans. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202308023. [PMID: 38329452 PMCID: PMC10853069 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202308023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-severing enzymes (MSEs), such as Katanin, Spastin, and Fidgetin play essential roles in cell division and neurogenesis. They damage the microtubule (MT) lattice, which can either destroy or amplify the MT cytoskeleton, depending on the cellular context. However, little is known about how they interact with their substrates. We have identified the microtubule-binding domains (MTBD) required for Katanin function in C. elegans. Katanin is a heterohexamer of dimers containing a catalytic subunit p60 and a regulatory subunit p80, both of which are essential for female meiotic spindle assembly. Here, we report that p80-like(MEI-2) dictates Katanin binding to MTs via two MTBDs composed of basic patches. Substituting these patches reduces Katanin binding to MTs, compromising its function in female meiotic-spindle assembly. Structural alignments of p80-like(MEI-2) with p80s from different species revealed that the MTBDs are evolutionarily conserved, even if the specific amino acids involved vary. Our findings highlight the critical importance of the regulatory subunit (p80) in providing MT binding to the Katanin complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Beaumale
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Van Hove
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Lionel Pintard
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Joly
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
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2
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Lamaa D, Cailleau C, Vergnaud J, Mougin J, Bignon J, Alami M, Fattal E, Hamze A, Tsapis N. Overcoming Solubility Challenges: Liposomal isoCoQ-Carbazole as a Promising Anti-Tumor Agent for Inoperable and Radiation-Insensitive cancers. Chembiochem 2024:e202400062. [PMID: 38536125 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the potential of isoCoQ-Carbazole, a diheterocyclic analog of isoCA-4, as an anti-tumor agent. To overcome its low aqueous solubility, liposomes were developed as a delivery system for the compound. In vitro experiments showed that loaded liposomes exhibited similar activity to the free form on multiple human tumor cell lines. In vivo experiments using a palliative intratumoral injection chemotherapy approach further demonstrated that isoCoQ-Carbazole loaded liposomes significantly reduced tumor growth in a CA-4-resistant HT29 cell model, without inducing any observable toxicity or weight loss in the treated mice. These findings suggest that liposomal isoCoQ-Carbazole may hold promise as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of inoperable, radiation-insensitive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Lamaa
- CNRS, BioCIS Institution, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Catherine Cailleau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Juliette Vergnaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Julie Mougin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Jérôme Bignon
- CIBI platform, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles UPR 2301, CNRS avenue de la terrasse, F-91198, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Mouad Alami
- CNRS, BioCIS Institution, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Elias Fattal
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Abdallah Hamze
- CNRS, BioCIS Institution, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Nicolas Tsapis
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
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3
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Harrabi R, Halbritter T, Alarab S, Chatterjee S, Wolska-Pietkiewicz M, Damodaran KK, van Tol J, Lee D, Paul S, Hediger S, Sigurdsson ST, Mentink-Vigier F, De Paëpe G. AsymPol-TEKs as efficient polarizing agents for MAS-DNP in glass matrices of non-aqueous solvents. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:5669-5682. [PMID: 38288878 PMCID: PMC10849081 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04271e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Two polarizing agents from the AsymPol family, AsymPol-TEK and cAsymPol-TEK (methyl-free version) are introduced for MAS-DNP applications in non-aqueous solvents. The performance of these new biradicals is rationalized in detail using a combination of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, density functional theory, molecular dynamics and quantitative MAS-DNP spin dynamics simulations. By slightly modifying the experimental protocol to keep the sample temperature low at insertion, we are able to obtain reproducable DNP-NMR data with 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TCE) at 100 K, which facilitates optimization and comparison of different polarizing agents. At intermediate magnetic fields, AsymPol-TEK and cAsymPol-TEK provide 1.5 to 3-fold improvement in sensitivity compared to TEKPol, one of the most widely used polarizing agents for organic solvents, with significantly shorter DNP build-up times of ∼1 s and ∼2 s at 9.4 and 14.1 T respectively. In the course of the work, we also isolated and characterized two diastereoisomers that can form during the synthesis of AsymPol-TEK; their difference in performance is described and discussed. Finally, the advantages of the AsymPol-TEKs are demonstrated by recording 2D 13C-13C correlation experiments at natural 13C-abundance of proton-dense microcrystals and by polarizing the surface of ZnO nanocrystals (NCs) coated with diphenyl phosphate ligands. For those experiments, cAsymPol-TEK yielded a three-fold increase in sensitivity compared to TEKPol, corresponding to a nine-fold time saving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Harrabi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, MEM, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Thomas Halbritter
- University of Iceland, Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Shadi Alarab
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, MEM, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Satyaki Chatterjee
- University of Iceland, Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | | | - Krishna K Damodaran
- University of Iceland, Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Johan van Tol
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32301, USA.
| | - Daniel Lee
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, MEM, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Subhradip Paul
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, MEM, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Sabine Hediger
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, MEM, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Snorri Th Sigurdsson
- University of Iceland, Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Frederic Mentink-Vigier
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32301, USA.
| | - Gaël De Paëpe
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, MEM, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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Pan Y, Zhang W, Wang X, Jouhet J, Maréchal E, Liu J, Xia XQ, Hu H. Allele-dependent expression and functionality of lipid enzyme phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase affect diatom carbon storage and growth. Plant Physiol 2024; 194:1024-1040. [PMID: 37930282 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
In the acyl-CoA-independent pathway of triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis unique to plants, fungi, and algae, TAG formation is catalyzed by the enzyme phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT). The unique PDAT gene of the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum strain CCMP2561 boasts 47 single nucleotide variants within protein coding regions of the alleles. To deepen our understanding of TAG synthesis, we observed the allele-specific expression of PDAT by the analysis of 87 published RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data and experimental validation. The transcription of one of the two PDAT alleles, Allele 2, could be specifically induced by decreasing nitrogen concentrations. Overexpression of Allele 2 in P. tricornutum substantially enhanced the accumulation of TAG by 44% to 74% under nutrient stress; however, overexpression of Allele 1 resulted in little increase of TAG accumulation. Interestingly, a more serious growth inhibition was observed in the PDAT Allele 1 overexpression strains compared with Allele 2 counterparts. Heterologous expression in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) showed that enzymes encoded by PDAT Allele 2 but not Allele 1 had TAG biosynthetic activity, and 7 N-terminal and 3 C-terminal amino acid variants between the 2 allele-encoded proteins substantially affected enzymatic activity. P. tricornutum PDAT, localized in the innermost chloroplast membrane, used monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine as acyl donors as demonstrated by the increase of the 2 lipids in PDAT knockout lines, which indicated a common origin in evolution with green algal PDATs. Our study reveals unequal roles among allele-encoded PDATs in mediating carbon storage and growth in response to nitrogen stress and suggests an unsuspected strategy toward lipid and biomass improvement for biotechnological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Pan
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wanting Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology and Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, IRIG-LPCV, Grenoble Cedex 9 38054, France
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, IRIG-LPCV, Grenoble Cedex 9 38054, France
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology and Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Xia
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hanhua Hu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Le Meillour L, Zazzo A, Zirah S, Tombret O, Barriel V, Arthur KW, Arthur JW, Cauliez J, Chaix L, Curtis MC, Gifford-Gonzalez D, Gunn I, Gutherz X, Hildebrand E, Khalidi L, Millet M, Mitchell P, Studer J, Vila E, Welker F, Pleurdeau D, Lesur J. The name of the game: palaeoproteomics and radiocarbon dates further refine the presence and dispersal of caprines in eastern and southern Africa. R Soc Open Sci 2023; 10:231002. [PMID: 38026023 PMCID: PMC10663795 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the first large-scale palaeoproteomics research on eastern and southern African zooarchaeological samples, thereby refining our understanding of early caprine (sheep and goat) pastoralism in Africa. Assessing caprine introductions is a complicated task because of their skeletal similarity to endemic wild bovid species and the sparse and fragmentary state of relevant archaeological remains. Palaeoproteomics has previously proved effective in clarifying species attributions in African zooarchaeological materials, but few comparative protein sequences of wild bovid species have been available. Using newly generated type I collagen sequences for wild species, as well as previously published sequences, we assess species attributions for elements originally identified as caprine or 'unidentifiable bovid' from 17 eastern and southern African sites that span seven millennia. We identified over 70% of the archaeological remains and the direct radiocarbon dating of domesticate specimens allows refinement of the chronology of caprine presence in both African regions. These results thus confirm earlier occurrences in eastern Africa and the systematic association of domesticated caprines with wild bovids at all archaeological sites. The combined biomolecular approach highlights repeatability and accuracy of the methods for conclusive contribution in species attribution of archaeological remains in dry African environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Le Meillour
- Unité Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique: Sociétés, Pratiques, Environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, CP 56, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
- Unité Molécules de Communication et Adaptations des Micro-organismes (MCAM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, CP 54, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 København, Denmark
| | - Antoine Zazzo
- Unité Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique: Sociétés, Pratiques, Environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, CP 56, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Séverine Zirah
- Unité Molécules de Communication et Adaptations des Micro-organismes (MCAM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, CP 54, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Tombret
- Unité Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique: Sociétés, Pratiques, Environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, CP 56, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
- Unité Histoire naturelle de l'Homme Préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, UPVD, 1 rue René Panhard, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Véronique Barriel
- Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie – Paris (CR2P), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, CP 38, 8 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Kathryn W. Arthur
- Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida St. Petersburg, 140 7th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, FL 33713, USA
| | - John W. Arthur
- Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida St. Petersburg, 140 7th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, FL 33713, USA
| | - Jessie Cauliez
- Unité Travaux et Recherches Archéologiques sur les Cultures, les Espaces et les Sociétés (TRACES), CNRS, Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, 5 allées Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Chaix
- Département d'archéozoologie, Muséum d'histoire naturelle (MHNG), 1 route de Malagnou, 1208 Genève, Switzerland
| | - Matthew C. Curtis
- Anthropology Program, California State University Channel Islands, 1 University Drive, Camarillo, CA 93012, USA
| | - Diane Gifford-Gonzalez
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Social Sciences 1 Faculty Svcs, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064-1077, USA
| | - Imogen Gunn
- Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, UK
| | - Xavier Gutherz
- Unité Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes (ASM), CNRS, Université Montpellier III, Ministère de la Culture, INRAP, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Lamya Khalidi
- Unité Cultures et Environnements. Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, 24 avenue des Diables Bleus, 06300 Nice, France
| | - Marie Millet
- Département des Antiquités Égyptiennes, Musée du Louvre, Paris, France
| | - Peter Mitchell
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TG, United Kingdom and Rock Art Research Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jacqueline Studer
- Département d'archéozoologie, Muséum d'histoire naturelle (MHNG), 1 route de Malagnou, 1208 Genève, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuelle Vila
- Unité Archéorient, Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien, CNRS, Université de Lyon 2, Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, 7 rue Raulin, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Frido Welker
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 København, Denmark
| | - David Pleurdeau
- Unité Histoire naturelle de l'Homme Préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, UPVD, 1 rue René Panhard, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Joséphine Lesur
- Unité Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique: Sociétés, Pratiques, Environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, CP 56, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
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Di Roio A, Hubert M, Besson L, Bossennec M, Rodriguez C, Grinberg-Bleyer Y, Lalle G, Moudombi L, Schneider R, Degletagne C, Treilleux I, Campbell DJ, Metzger S, Duhen T, Trédan O, Caux C, Ménétrier-Caux C. MDR1-EXPRESSING CD4 + T CELLS WITH TH1.17 FEATURES RESIST TO NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY AND ARE ASSOCIATED WITH BREAST CANCER CLINICAL RESPONSE. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007733. [PMID: 37940345 PMCID: PMC10632904 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug resistance-1 (MDR1) transporter limits the intracellular accumulation of chemotherapies (paclitaxel, anthracyclines) used in breast cancer (BC) treatment. In addition to tumor cells, MDR1 is expressed on immune cell subsets in which it confers chemoresistance. Among human T cells, MDR1 is expressed by most CD8+ T cells, and a subset of CD4+ T helper (Th) cells. Here we explored the expression, function and regulation of MDR1 on CD4+ T cells and investigated the role of this population in response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in BC. METHODS Phenotypic and functional characteristics of MDR1+ CD4 Th cells were assessed on blood from healthy donors and patients with BC by flow cytometry. These features were extended to CD4+ Th cells from untreated breast tumor by flow cytometry and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). We performed in vitro polarization assays to decipher MDR1 regulation on CD4 Th cells. We evaluated in vitro the impact of chemotherapy agents on MDR1+ CD4+ Th cells. We analyzed the impact of NAC treatment on MDR1+ CD4+ Th cells from blood and tumors and their association with treatment efficacy in two independent BC cohorts and in a public RNA-seq data set of BC tumor biopsies before and after NAC. Finally, we performed single cell (sc) RNAseq of blood CD4+ memory T cells from NAC-treated patients and combined them with an scRNAseq public data set. RESULTS MDR1+ CD4 Th cells were strongly enriched in Th1.17 polyfunctional cells but also in Th17 cells, both in blood and untreated breast tumor tissues. Mechanistically, Tumor growth factor (TGF)-β1 was required for MDR1 induction during in vitro Th17 or Th1.17 polarization. MDR1 expression conferred a selective advantage to Th1.17 and Th17 cells following paclitaxel treatment in vitro and in vivo in NAC-treated patients. scRNAseq demonstrated MDR1 association with tumor Th1.17 and Th with features of cytotoxic cells. Enrichment in MDR1+ CD4+ Th1.17 and Th17 cells, in blood and tumors positively correlated with pathological response. Absence of early modulation of Th1.17 and Th17 in NAC-resistant patients, argue for its use as a biomarker for chemotherapy regimen adjustment. CONCLUSION MDR1 favored the enrichment of Th1.17 and Th17 in blood and tumor after NAC that correlated to clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Di Roio
- TERI Department, Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Margaux Hubert
- TERI Department, Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laurie Besson
- TERI Department, Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marion Bossennec
- TERI Department, Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Céline Rodriguez
- TERI Department, Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Guilhem Lalle
- TERI Department, Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Lyvia Moudombi
- TERI Department, Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Raphael Schneider
- Plateforme Gilles Thomas, Centre de Recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Cyril Degletagne
- TERI Department, Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Treilleux
- TERI Department, Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- BioPathology Department, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Daniel J Campbell
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Séverine Metzger
- Clinical Research Platform, DRCI, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Thomas Duhen
- Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Christophe Caux
- TERI Department, Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
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7
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Yakhou L, Azogui A, Gupta N, Richard Albert J, Miura F, Ferry L, Yamaguchi K, Battault S, Therizols P, Bonhomme F, Bethuel E, Sarkar A, Greenberg MC, Arimondo P, Cristofari G, Kirsh O, Ito T, Defossez PA. A genetic screen identifies BEND3 as a regulator of bivalent gene expression and global DNA methylation. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:10292-10308. [PMID: 37650637 PMCID: PMC10602864 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are essential to establish and safeguard cellular identities in mammals. They dynamically regulate the expression of genes, transposable elements and higher-order chromatin structures. Consequently, these chromatin marks are indispensable for mammalian development and alterations often lead to disease, such as cancer. Bivalent promoters are especially important during differentiation and development. Here we used a genetic screen to identify new regulators of a bivalent repressed gene. We identify BEND3 as a regulator of hundreds of bivalent promoters, some of which it represses, and some of which it activates. We show that BEND3 is recruited to a CpG-containg consensus site that is present in multiple copies in many bivalent promoters. Besides having direct effect on the promoters it binds, the loss of BEND3 leads to genome-wide gains of DNA methylation, which are especially marked at regions normally protected by the TET enzymes. DNA hydroxymethylation is reduced in Bend3 mutant cells, possibly as consequence of altered gene expression leading to diminished alpha-ketoglutarate production, thus lowering TET activity. Our results clarify the direct and indirect roles of an important chromatin regulator, BEND3, and, more broadly, they shed light on the regulation of bivalent promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lounis Yakhou
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Anaelle Azogui
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Nikhil Gupta
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Fumihito Miura
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Laure Ferry
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Kosuke Yamaguchi
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Sarah Battault
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Therizols
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Bonhomme
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetic Chemical Biology, UMR 3523, F-75724 Paris, France
| | - Elouan Bethuel
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Arpita Sarkar
- Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France
| | | | - Paola B Arimondo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetic Chemical Biology, UMR 3523, F-75724 Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Kirsh
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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8
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Thévenet J, Papet L, Coureaud G, Boyer N, Levréro F, Grimault N, Mathevon N. Crocodile perception of distress in hominid baby cries. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20230201. [PMID: 37554035 PMCID: PMC10410202 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally argued that distress vocalizations, a common modality for alerting conspecifics across a wide range of terrestrial vertebrates, share acoustic features that allow heterospecific communication. Yet studies suggest that the acoustic traits used to decode distress may vary between species, leading to decoding errors. Here we found through playback experiments that Nile crocodiles are attracted to infant hominid cries (bonobo, chimpanzee and human), and that the intensity of crocodile response depends critically on a set of specific acoustic features (mainly deterministic chaos, harmonicity and spectral prominences). Our results suggest that crocodiles are sensitive to the degree of distress encoded in the vocalizations of phylogenetically very distant vertebrates. A comparison of these results with those obtained with human subjects confronted with the same stimuli further indicates that crocodiles and humans use different acoustic criteria to assess the distress encoded in infant cries. Interestingly, the acoustic features driving crocodile reaction are likely to be more reliable markers of distress than those used by humans. These results highlight that the acoustic features encoding information in vertebrate sound signals are not necessarily identical across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Thévenet
- ENES Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, CRNL, CNRS, Inserm, University of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, Rhône-Alpes, France
- Equipe Cognition Auditive et Psychoacoustique, CRNL, CNRS, Inserm, University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Léo Papet
- ENES Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, CRNL, CNRS, Inserm, University of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, Rhône-Alpes, France
- Equipe Cognition Auditive et Psychoacoustique, CRNL, CNRS, Inserm, University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Gérard Coureaud
- ENES Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, CRNL, CNRS, Inserm, University of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Nicolas Boyer
- ENES Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, CRNL, CNRS, Inserm, University of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Florence Levréro
- ENES Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, CRNL, CNRS, Inserm, University of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Nicolas Grimault
- Equipe Cognition Auditive et Psychoacoustique, CRNL, CNRS, Inserm, University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Nicolas Mathevon
- ENES Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, CRNL, CNRS, Inserm, University of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, Rhône-Alpes, France
- Institut universitaire de France, Paris, Île-de-France, France
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9
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Asselman K, Haouas M, Houlleberghs M, Radhakrishnan S, Wangermez W, Kirschhock CEA, Breynaert E. Does Water Enable Porosity in Aluminosilicate Zeolites? Porous Frameworks versus Dense Minerals. Cryst Growth Des 2023; 23:3338-3348. [PMID: 37159660 PMCID: PMC10161221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c01476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently identified zeolite precursors consisting of concentrated, hyposolvated homogeneous alkalisilicate liquids, hydrated silicate ionic liquids (HSIL), minimize correlation of synthesis variables and enable one to isolate and examine the impact of complex parameters such as water content on zeolite crystallization. HSIL are highly concentrated, homogeneous liquids containing water as a reactant rather than bulk solvent. This simplifies elucidation of the role of water during zeolite synthesis. Hydrothermal treatment at 170 °C of Al-doped potassium HSIL with chemical composition 0.5SiO2:1KOH:xH2O:0.013Al2O3 yields porous merlinoite (MER) zeolite when H2O/KOH exceeds 4 and dense, anhydrous megakalsilite when H2O/KOH is lower. Solid phase products and precursor liquids were fully characterized using XRD, SEM, NMR, TGA, and ICP analysis. Phase selectivity is discussed in terms of cation hydration as the mechanism, allowing a spatial cation arrangement enabling the formation of pores. Under water deficient conditions, the entropic penalty of cation hydration in the solid is large and cations need to be entirely coordinated by framework oxygens, leading to dense, anhydrous networks. Hence, the water activity in the synthesis medium and the affinity of a cation to either coordinate to water or to aluminosilicate decides whether a porous, hydrated, or a dense, anhydrous framework is formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Asselman
- Centre
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis-Characterisation and Application
Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Haouas
- Institut
Lavoisier de Versailles, Université
Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Maarten Houlleberghs
- Centre
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis-Characterisation and Application
Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Sambhu Radhakrishnan
- Centre
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis-Characterisation and Application
Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
- NMRCoRe-NMR-X-Ray
platform for Convergence Research, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Wauter Wangermez
- Centre
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis-Characterisation and Application
Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Christine E. A. Kirschhock
- Centre
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis-Characterisation and Application
Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Eric Breynaert
- Centre
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis-Characterisation and Application
Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
- NMRCoRe-NMR-X-Ray
platform for Convergence Research, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
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10
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Testard I, Garcia-Chartier E, Issa A, Collin-Faure V, Aude-Garcia C, Candéias SM. Bystander signals from low- and high-dose irradiated human primary fibroblasts and keratinocytes modulate the inflammatory response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Radiat Res 2023; 64:304-316. [PMID: 36680763 PMCID: PMC10036099 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrac094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Irradiated cells can propagate signals to neighboring cells. Manifestations of these so-called bystander effects (BEs) are thought to be relatively more important after exposure to low- vs high-dose radiation and can be mediated via the release of secreted molecules, including inflammatory cytokines, from irradiated cells. Thus, BEs can potentially modify the inflammatory environment of irradiated cells. To determine whether these modifications could affect the functionality of bystander immune cells and their inflammatory response, we analyzed and compared the in vitro response of primary human fibroblasts and keratinocytes to low and high doses of radiation and assessed their ability to modulate the inflammatory activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Only high-dose exposure resulted in either up- or down-regulation of selected inflammatory genes. In conditioned culture media transfer experiments, radiation-induced bystander signals elicited from irradiated fibroblasts and keratinocytes were found to modulate the transcription of inflammatory mediator genes in resting PBMCs, and after activation of PBMCs stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a strong inflammatory agent. Radiation-induced BEs induced from skin cells can therefore act as a modifier of the inflammatory response of bystander immune cells and affect their functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Testard
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-LCBM-UMR5249, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Serge M Candéias
- Corresponding author. Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, UMR 5259 CEA-CNRS-UGA, 17 avenue des martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France. Tel: +33(0)4 38 78 92 49; Fax: +33(0)4 38 78 91 21.
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11
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Abidi W, Decossas M, Torres-Sánchez L, Puygrenier L, Létoffé S, Ghigo JM, Krasteva PV. Bacterial crystalline cellulose secretion via a supramolecular BcsHD scaffold. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eadd1170. [PMID: 36525496 PMCID: PMC9757748 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add1170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer on Earth, is not only the predominant constituent of plants but also a key extracellular polysaccharide in the biofilms of many bacterial species. Depending on the producers, chemical modifications, and three-dimensional assemblies, bacterial cellulose (BC) can present diverse degrees of crystallinity. Highly ordered, or crystalline, cellulose presents great economical relevance due to its ever-growing number of biotechnological applications. Even if some acetic acid bacteria have long been identified as BC superproducers, the molecular mechanisms determining the secretion of crystalline versus amorphous cellulose remain largely unknown. Here, we present structural and mechanistic insights into the role of the accessory subunits BcsH (CcpAx) and BcsD (CesD) that determine crystalline BC secretion in the Gluconacetobacter lineage. We show that oligomeric BcsH drives the assembly of BcsD into a supramolecular cytoskeletal scaffold that likely stabilizes the cellulose-extruding synthase nanoarrays through an unexpected inside-out mechanism for secretion system assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiem Abidi
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, Pessac, France
- ‘Structural Biology of Biofilms’ Group, European Institute of Chemistry and Biology (IECB), Pessac, France
- Doctoral School of Therapeutic Innovation ITFA, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Marion Decossas
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, Pessac, France
- ‘Structural Biology of Biofilms’ Group, European Institute of Chemistry and Biology (IECB), Pessac, France
| | - Lucía Torres-Sánchez
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, Pessac, France
- ‘Structural Biology of Biofilms’ Group, European Institute of Chemistry and Biology (IECB), Pessac, France
- Doctoral School of Therapeutic Innovation ITFA, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Lucie Puygrenier
- ‘Structural Biology of Biofilms’ Group, European Institute of Chemistry and Biology (IECB), Pessac, France
| | - Sylvie Létoffé
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, UMR CNRS2001, ‘Genetics of Biofilms’ laboratory, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Ghigo
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, UMR CNRS2001, ‘Genetics of Biofilms’ laboratory, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Petya V. Krasteva
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, Pessac, France
- ‘Structural Biology of Biofilms’ Group, European Institute of Chemistry and Biology (IECB), Pessac, France
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12
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Lorenzini I, Nazzi T. Early recognition of familiar word-forms as a function of production skills. Front Psychol 2022; 13:947245. [PMID: 36186391 PMCID: PMC9524451 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.947245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence shows that early speech processing relies on information extracted from speech production. In particular, production skills are linked to word-form processing, as more advanced producers prefer listening to pseudowords containing consonants they do not yet produce. However, it is unclear whether production affects word-form encoding (the translation of perceived phonological information into a memory trace) and/or recognition (the automatic retrieval of a stored item). Distinguishing recognition from encoding makes it possible to explore whether sensorimotor information is stored in long-term phonological representations (and thus, retrieved during recognition) or is processed when encoding a new item, but not necessarily when retrieving a stored item. In this study, we asked whether speech-related sensorimotor information is retained in long-term representations of word-forms. To this aim, we tested the effect of production on the recognition of ecologically learned, real familiar word-forms. Testing these items allowed to assess the effect of sensorimotor information in a context in which encoding did not happen during testing itself. Two groups of French-learning monolinguals (11- and 14-month-olds) participated in the study. Using the Headturn Preference Procedure, each group heard two lists, each containing 10 familiar word-forms composed of either early-learned consonants (commonly produced by French-learners at these ages) or late-learned consonants (more rarely produced at these ages). We hypothesized differences in listening preferences as a function of word-list and/or production skills. At both 11 and 14 months, babbling skills modulated orientation times to the word-lists containing late-learned consonants. This specific effect establishes that speech production impacts familiar word-form recognition by 11 months, suggesting that sensorimotor information is retained in long-term word-form representations and accessed during word-form processing.
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13
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Salmona J, Dayon J, Lecompte E, Karamanlidis AA, Aguilar A, Fernandez de Larrinoa P, Pires R, Mo G, Panou A, Agnesi S, Borrell A, Danyer E, Öztürk B, Tonay AM, Anestis AK, González LM, Dendrinos P, Gaubert P. The antique genetic plight of the Mediterranean monk seal ( Monachus monachus). Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220846. [PMID: 36043283 PMCID: PMC9428542 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Disentangling the impact of Late Quaternary climate change from human activities can have crucial implications on the conservation of endangered species. We investigated the population genetics and demography of the Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus), one of the world's most endangered marine mammals, through an unprecedented dataset encompassing historical (extinct) and extant populations from the eastern North Atlantic to the entire Mediterranean Basin. We show that Cabo Blanco (Western Sahara/Mauritania), Madeira, Western Mediterranean (historical range) and Eastern Mediterranean regions segregate into four populations. This structure is probably the consequence of recent drift, combined with long-term isolation by distance (R2 = 0.7), resulting from prevailing short-distance (less than 500 km) and infrequent long-distance dispersal (less than 1500 km). All populations (Madeira especially), show high levels of inbreeding and low levels of genetic diversity, seemingly declining since historical time, but surprisingly not being impacted by the 1997 massive die-off in Cabo Blanco. Approximate Bayesian Computation analyses support scenarios combining local extinctions and a major effective population size decline in all populations during Antiquity. Our results suggest that the early densification of human populations around the Mediterranean Basin coupled with the development of seafaring techniques were the main drivers of the decline of Mediterranean monk seals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Salmona
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique, IRD-CNRS-UPS, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse 31062, France
| | - Julia Dayon
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique, IRD-CNRS-UPS, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse 31062, France
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE-PSL University, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Emilie Lecompte
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique, IRD-CNRS-UPS, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse 31062, France
| | - Alexandros A. Karamanlidis
- MOm/Hellenic Society for the Study and Protection of the Monk seal, Solomou Strasse 18, Athens 10682, Greece
| | - Alex Aguilar
- IRBio and Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | | | - Rosa Pires
- Instituto das Florestas e Conservação da Natureza IP-RAM, Jardim Botânico da Madeira, Caminho do Meio, Bom Sucesso, Funchal, Madeira 9064-512, Portugal
| | - Giulia Mo
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Aliki Panou
- Archipelagos - Environment and Development, Lourdata, Kefalonia 28100, Greece
| | - Sabrina Agnesi
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Asunción Borrell
- IRBio and Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Erdem Danyer
- Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TUDAV), PO Box 10, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bayram Öztürk
- Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TUDAV), PO Box 10, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, Kalenderhane Mah. Onaltı Mart Şehitleri Cad. No: 2 Fatih 34134 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arda M. Tonay
- Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TUDAV), PO Box 10, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, Kalenderhane Mah. Onaltı Mart Şehitleri Cad. No: 2 Fatih 34134 Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Luis M. González
- Subdirección General de Biodiversidad Terrestre y Marina, Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico, Pza. San Juan de la Cruz, 10, Madrid 28071, Spain
| | - Panagiotis Dendrinos
- MOm/Hellenic Society for the Study and Protection of the Monk seal, Solomou Strasse 18, Athens 10682, Greece
| | - Philippe Gaubert
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique, IRD-CNRS-UPS, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse 31062, France
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14
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Krache A, Fontan C, Pestourie C, Bardiès M, Bouvet Y, Payoux P, Chatelut E, White-Koning M, Salabert AS. Preclinical Pharmacokinetics and Dosimetry of an 89Zr Labelled Anti-PDL1 in an Orthotopic Lung Cancer Murine Model. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:741855. [PMID: 35174180 PMCID: PMC8841431 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.741855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-PDL1 is a monoclonal antibody targeting the programmed death-cell ligand (PD-L1) by blocking the programmed death-cell (PD-1)/PD-L1 axis. It restores the immune system response in several tumours, such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Anti-PDL1 or anti-PD1 treatments rely on PD-L1 tumoural expression assessed by immunohistochemistry on biopsy tissue. However, depending on the biopsy extraction site, PD-L1 expression can vary greatly. Non-invasive imaging enables whole-body mapping of PD-L1 sites and could improve the assessment of tumoural PD-L1 expression.MethodsPharmacokinetics (PK), biodistribution and dosimetry of a murine anti-PDL1 radiolabelled with zirconium-89, were evaluated in both healthy mice and immunocompetent mice with lung cancer. Preclinical PET (μPET) imaging was used to analyse [89Zr]DFO-Anti-PDL1 distribution in both groups of mice. Non-compartmental (NCA) and compartmental (CA) PK analyses were performed in order to describe PK parameters and assess area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) for dosimetry evaluation in humans.ResultsOrgan distribution was correctly estimated using PK modelling in both healthy mice and mice with lung cancer. Tumoural uptake occurred within 24 h post-injection of [89Zr]DFO-Anti-PDL1, and the best imaging time was at 48 h according to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and image quality. An in vivo blocking study confirmed that [89Zr]DFO-anti-PDL1 specifically targeted PD-L1 in CMT167 lung tumours in mice. AUC in organs was estimated using a 1-compartment PK model and extrapolated to human (using allometric scaling) in order to estimate the radiation exposure in human. Human-estimated effective dose was 131 μSv/MBq.ConclusionThe predicted dosimetry was similar or lower than other antibodies radiolabelled with zirconium-89 for immunoPET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Krache
- CRCT, UMR 1037, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- General-Electric - Zionexa, Targeting Imaging and Therapy, Buc, France
- Anis Krache
| | - Charlotte Fontan
- General-Electric - Zionexa, Targeting Imaging and Therapy, Buc, France
| | - Carine Pestourie
- CREFRE (Centre Régional D'Exploration Fonctionnelle et Ressources Expérimentales) – INSERM UMS006, Plateforme GénoToul-Anexplo, Toulouse, France
- ENVT (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse), Toulouse, France
| | - Manuel Bardiès
- IRCM (Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier), UMR 1194 INSERM, Université de Montpellier and ICM, Montpellier, France
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire, ICM (Institut du Cancer de Montpellier), Montpellier, France
| | - Yann Bouvet
- General-Electric - Zionexa, Targeting Imaging and Therapy, Buc, France
| | - Pierre Payoux
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Chatelut
- CRCT, UMR 1037, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Melanie White-Koning
- CRCT, UMR 1037, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Salabert
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- *Correspondence: Anne-Sophie Salabert
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15
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Nestor-Bergmann A, Blanchard GB, Hervieux N, Fletcher AG, Étienne J, Sanson B. Adhesion-regulated junction slippage controls cell intercalation dynamics in an Apposed-Cortex Adhesion Model. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1009812. [PMID: 35089922 PMCID: PMC8887740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell intercalation is a key cell behaviour of morphogenesis and wound healing, where local cell neighbour exchanges can cause dramatic tissue deformations such as body axis extension. Substantial experimental work has identified the key molecular players facilitating intercalation, but there remains a lack of consensus and understanding of their physical roles. Existing biophysical models that represent cell-cell contacts with single edges cannot study cell neighbour exchange as a continuous process, where neighbouring cell cortices must uncouple. Here, we develop an Apposed-Cortex Adhesion Model (ACAM) to understand active cell intercalation behaviours in the context of a 2D epithelial tissue. The junctional actomyosin cortex of every cell is modelled as a continuous viscoelastic rope-loop, explicitly representing cortices facing each other at bicellular junctions and the adhesion molecules that couple them. The model parameters relate directly to the properties of the key subcellular players that drive dynamics, providing a multi-scale understanding of cell behaviours. We show that active cell neighbour exchanges can be driven by purely junctional mechanisms. Active contractility and cortical turnover in a single bicellular junction are sufficient to shrink and remove a junction. Next, a new, orthogonal junction extends passively. The ACAM reveals how the turnover of adhesion molecules regulates tension transmission and junction deformation rates by controlling slippage between apposed cell cortices. The model additionally predicts that rosettes, which form when a vertex becomes common to many cells, are more likely to occur in actively intercalating tissues with strong friction from adhesion molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Nestor-Bergmann
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AN-B); (JE)
| | - Guy B. Blanchard
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan Hervieux
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander G. Fletcher
- School of Mathematics and Statistics and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jocelyn Étienne
- LIPHY, CNRS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, 38000 Grenoble, France
- * E-mail: (AN-B); (JE)
| | - Bénédicte Sanson
- School of Mathematics and Statistics and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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16
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Holt JR, Tobin M, Elferich J, Gouaux E, Ballesteros A, Yan Z, Ahmed ZM, Nicolson T. Putting the Pieces Together: the Hair Cell Transduction Complex. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2021; 22:601-608. [PMID: 34617206 PMCID: PMC8599550 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-021-00808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of the components of the mechanosensory transduction complex in hair cells has been a major research interest for many auditory and vestibular scientists and has attracted attention from outside the field. The past two decades have witnessed a number of significant advances with emergence of compelling evidence implicating at least a dozen distinct molecular components of the transduction machinery. Yet, how the pieces of this ensemble fit together and function in harmony to enable the senses of hearing and balance has not been clarified. The goal of this review is to summarize a 2021 symposium presented at the annual mid-winter meeting of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology. The symposium brought together the latest insights from within and beyond the field to examine individual components of the transduction complex and how these elements interact at molecular, structural, and biophysical levels to gate mechanosensitive channels and initiate sensory transduction in the inner ear. The review includes a brief historical background to set the stage for topics to follow that focus on structure, properties, and interactions of proteins such as CDH23, PCDH15, LHFPL5, TMIE, TMC1/2, and CIB2/3. We aim to present the diversity of ideas in this field and highlight emerging theories and concepts. This review will not only provide readers with a deeper appreciation of the components of the transduction apparatus and how they function together, but also bring to light areas of broad agreement, areas of scientific controversy, and opportunities for future scientific discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Holt
- Departments of Otolaryngology & Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Mélanie Tobin
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Paris, 75005, France
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology, Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Johannes Elferich
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Eric Gouaux
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Angela Ballesteros
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, Disorders and Stroke, National Institute of Neurological, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Yan
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Zubair M Ahmed
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Teresa Nicolson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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17
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Schellenbauer A, Guilly MN, Grall R, Le Bars R, Paget V, Kortulewski T, Sutcu H, Mathé C, Hullo M, Biard D, Leteurtre F, Barroca V, Corre Y, Irbah L, Rass E, Theze B, Bertrand P, Demmers JAA, Guirouilh-Barbat J, Lopez BS, Chevillard S, Delic J. Phospho-Ku70 induced by DNA damage interacts with RNA Pol II and promotes the formation of phospho-53BP1 foci to ensure optimal cNHEJ. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:11728-11745. [PMID: 34718776 PMCID: PMC8599715 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical non-homologous end-joining (cNHEJ) is the prominent mammalian DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair pathway operative throughout the cell cycle. Phosphorylation of Ku70 at ser27-ser33 (pKu70) is induced by DNA DSBs and has been shown to regulate cNHEJ activity, but the underlying mechanism remained unknown. Here, we established that following DNA damage induction, Ku70 moves from nucleoli to the sites of damage, and once linked to DNA, it is phosphorylated. Notably, the novel emanating functions of pKu70 are evidenced through the recruitment of RNA Pol II and concomitant formation of phospho-53BP1 foci. Phosphorylation is also a prerequisite for the dynamic release of Ku70 from the repair complex through neddylation-dependent ubiquitylation. Although the non-phosphorylable ala-Ku70 form does not compromise the formation of the NHEJ core complex per se, cells expressing this form displayed constitutive and stress-inducible chromosomal instability. Consistently, upon targeted induction of DSBs by the I-SceI meganuclease into an intrachromosomal reporter substrate, cells expressing pKu70, rather than ala-Ku70, are protected against the joining of distal DNA ends. Collectively, our results underpin the essential role of pKu70 in the orchestration of DNA repair execution in living cells and substantiated the way it paves the maintenance of genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Schellenbauer
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, DRF, Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), IRCM, 18, Av. du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, *Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Noelle Guilly
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, DRF, Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), IRCM, 18, Av. du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, *Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Romain Grall
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, DRF, Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), IRCM, 18, Av. du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, *Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Romain Le Bars
- Light Microscopy Facility, Imagerie-Gif, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Vincent Paget
- IRS[N]/PSE-SANTE/SERAMED/LRMed, 31, Av. De la Division Leclerc, 92260 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Thierry Kortulewski
- Laboratoire de Radiopathologie, UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, DRF, Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), IRCM, UMRE008-U1274, 18 Av. du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Haser Sutcu
- IRS[N]/PSE-SANTE/SERAMED/LRAcc, 31, Av. De la Division Leclerc, 92260 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Cécile Mathé
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, DRF, Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), IRCM, 18, Av. du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, *Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Marie Hullo
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, DRF, Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), IRCM, 18, Av. du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, *Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Denis Biard
- Service d'étude des prions et maladies atypiques (SEPIA), DRF, Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), IRCM, 18, Av. du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - François Leteurtre
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, DRF, Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), IRCM, 18, Av. du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, *Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Vilma Barroca
- Laboratoire Réparation et Transcription dans les cellules Souches, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, DRF, Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), IRCM, UMRE008-U1274, 18, Av. du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Youenn Corre
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, DRF, Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), IRCM, 18, Av. du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, *Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Lamya Irbah
- Plateforme de Microscopie, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, DRF, Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), IRCM, UMRE008-U12745, 18, Av. du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Emilie Rass
- Laboratoire de Réparation et Vieillissement; Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, DRF, Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), IRCM, UMRE008-U1274, 18, Av. du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Benoit Theze
- Laboratoire de Réparation et Vieillissement; Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, DRF, Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), IRCM, UMRE008-U1274, 18, Av. du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Pascale Bertrand
- Laboratoire de Réparation et Vieillissement; Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, DRF, Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), IRCM, UMRE008-U1274, 18, Av. du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Jeroen A A Demmers
- Proteomics Center, Room Ee-679A | Faculty Building, Erasmus University Medical Center Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josée Guirouilh-Barbat
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, UMR 8104 CNRS, Institut Cochin, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 24 rue du Faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Bernard S Lopez
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, UMR 8104 CNRS, Institut Cochin, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 24 rue du Faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Chevillard
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, DRF, Institut de Biologie François Jacob (IBFJ), IRCM, 18, Av. du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, *Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Jozo Delic
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +33 1 4654 7552;
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Cela M, Théobald-Dietrich A, Rudinger-Thirion J, Wolff P, Geslain R, Frugier M. Identification of host tRNAs preferentially recognized by the Plasmodium surface protein tRip. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:10618-10629. [PMID: 34530443 PMCID: PMC8501954 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a life-threatening and devastating parasitic disease. Our previous work showed that parasite development requires the import of exogenous transfer RNAs (tRNAs), which represents a novel and unique form of host-pathogen interaction, as well as a potentially druggable target. This import is mediated by tRip (tRNA import protein), a membrane protein located on the parasite surface. tRip displays an extracellular domain homologous to the well-characterized OB-fold tRNA-binding domain, a structural motif known to indiscriminately interact with tRNAs. We used MIST (Microarray Identification of Shifted tRNAs), a previously established in vitro approach, to systematically assess the specificity of complexes between native Homo sapiens tRNAs and recombinant Plasmodium falciparum tRip. We demonstrate that tRip unexpectedly binds to host tRNAs with a wide range of affinities, suggesting that only a small subset of human tRNAs is preferentially imported into the parasite. In particular, we show with in vitro transcribed constructs that tRip does not bind specific tRNAs solely based on their primary sequence, hinting that post-transcriptional modifications modulate the formation of our host/parasite molecular complex. Finally, we discuss the potential utilization of the most efficient tRip ligands for the translation of the parasite's genetic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cela
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l’ARN, UPR 9002, F-67000Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Théobald-Dietrich
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l’ARN, UPR 9002, F-67000Strasbourg, France
| | - Joëlle Rudinger-Thirion
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l’ARN, UPR 9002, F-67000Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Wolff
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l’ARN, UPR 9002, F-67000Strasbourg, France
| | - Renaud Geslain
- Laboratory of tRNA Biology, Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Magali Frugier
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l’ARN, UPR 9002, F-67000Strasbourg, France
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Abstract
Perceptual confidence is an evaluation of the validity of perceptual decisions. While there is behavioural evidence that confidence evaluation differs from perceptual decision-making, disentangling these two processes remains a challenge at the neural level. Here, we examined the electrical brain activity of human participants in a protracted perceptual decision-making task where observers tend to commit to perceptual decisions early whilst continuing to monitor sensory evidence for evaluating confidence. Premature decision commitments were revealed by patterns of spectral power overlying motor cortex, followed by an attenuation of the neural representation of perceptual decision evidence. A distinct neural representation was associated with the computation of confidence, with sources localised in the superior parietal and orbitofrontal cortices. In agreement with a dissociation between perception and confidence, these neural resources were recruited even after observers committed to their perceptual decisions, and thus delineate an integral neural circuit for evaluating perceptual decision confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarryn Balsdon
- Laboratoire des Systèmes Perceptifs (CNRS UMR 8248), DEC, ENS, PSL UniversityParisFrance
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Computationnelles (Inserm U960), DEC, ENS, PSL UniversityParisFrance
| | - Pascal Mamassian
- Laboratoire des Systèmes Perceptifs (CNRS UMR 8248), DEC, ENS, PSL UniversityParisFrance
| | - Valentin Wyart
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Computationnelles (Inserm U960), DEC, ENS, PSL UniversityParisFrance
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20
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Kume E, Baroni P, Noirez L. Highlighting Thermo-Elastic Effects in Confined Fluids. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2378. [PMID: 34301137 PMCID: PMC8309621 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent identification of a finite shear elasticity in mesoscopic fluids has motivated the search of other solid-like properties of liquids. We present an innovative thermal approach of liquids. We identify a dynamic thermo-elastic mesoscopic behavior by building the thermal image produced by different liquids upon applying a low frequency mechanical shear field. We selected three fluids: a low molecular weight polybutylacrylate (PBuA), polypropyleneglycol (PPG), and glycerol. We demonstrate that a part of the energy of the shear strain is converted in cold and hot shear bands varying synchronously with the applied shear field. This thermodynamic change suggests a coupling to shear elastic modes in agreement with the low frequency shear elasticity theoretically foreseen and experimentally demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laurence Noirez
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (CEA-CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-Saclay, CEDEX, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (E.K.); (P.B.)
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21
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Fedosov A, Zaharias P, Puillandre N. A phylogeny-aware approach reveals unexpected venom components in divergent lineages of cone snails. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20211017. [PMID: 34229491 PMCID: PMC8261202 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine gastropods of the genus Conus are renowned for their remarkable diversity and deadly venoms. While Conus venoms are increasingly well studied for their biomedical applications, we know surprisingly little about venom composition in other lineages of Conidae. We performed comprehensive venom transcriptomic profiling for Conasprella coriolisi and Pygmaeconus traillii, first time for both respective genera. We complemented reference-based transcriptome annotation by a de novo toxin prediction guided by phylogeny, which involved transcriptomic data on two additional 'divergent' cone snail lineages, Profundiconus, and Californiconus. We identified toxin clusters (SSCs) shared among all or some of the four analysed genera based on the identity of the signal region-a molecular tag present in toxins. In total, 116 and 98 putative toxins represent 29 and 28 toxin gene superfamilies in Conasprella and Pygmaeconus, respectively; about quarter of these only found by semi-manual annotation of the SSCs. Two rare gene superfamilies, originally identified from fish-hunting cone snails, were detected outside Conus rather unexpectedly, so we further investigated their distribution across Conidae radiation. We demonstrate that both these, in fact, are ubiquitous in Conidae, sometimes with extremely high expression. Our findings demonstrate how a phylogeny-aware approach circumvents methodological caveats of similarity-based transcriptome annotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Fedosov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 26, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Paul Zaharias
- Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 26, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Nicolas Puillandre
- Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 26, 75005 Paris, France
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22
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Bermudez-Martin P, Becker JAJ, Caramello N, Fernandez SP, Costa-Campos R, Canaguier J, Barbosa S, Martinez-Gili L, Myridakis A, Dumas ME, Bruneau A, Cherbuy C, Langella P, Callebert J, Launay JM, Chabry J, Barik J, Le Merrer J, Glaichenhaus N, Davidovic L. The microbial metabolite p-Cresol induces autistic-like behaviors in mice by remodeling the gut microbiota. Microbiome 2021; 9:157. [PMID: 34238386 PMCID: PMC8268286 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01103-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with dysregulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, changes in microbiota composition as well as in the fecal, serum, and urine levels of microbial metabolites. Yet a causal relationship between dysregulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis and ASD remains to be demonstrated. Here, we hypothesized that the microbial metabolite p-Cresol, which is more abundant in ASD patients compared to neurotypical individuals, could induce ASD-like behavior in mice. RESULTS Mice exposed to p-Cresol for 4 weeks in drinking water presented social behavior deficits, stereotypies, and perseverative behaviors, but no changes in anxiety, locomotion, or cognition. Abnormal social behavior induced by p-Cresol was associated with decreased activity of central dopamine neurons involved in the social reward circuit. Further, p-Cresol induced changes in microbiota composition and social behavior deficits could be transferred from p-Cresol-treated mice to control mice by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). We also showed that mice transplanted with the microbiota of p-Cresol-treated mice exhibited increased fecal p-Cresol excretion, compared to mice transplanted with the microbiota of control mice. In addition, we identified possible p-Cresol bacterial producers. Lastly, the microbiota of control mice rescued social interactions, dopamine neurons excitability, and fecal p-Cresol levels when transplanted to p-Cresol-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS The microbial metabolite p-Cresol induces selectively ASD core behavioral symptoms in mice. Social behavior deficits induced by p-Cresol are dependant on changes in microbiota composition. Our study paves the way for therapeutic interventions targeting the microbiota and p-Cresol production to treat patients with ASD. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Bermudez-Martin
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Côte d'Azur, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Jérôme A J Becker
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR0075 INRAE, UMR7247 CNRS, IFCE, Inserm, Université François Rabelais, 37380, Nouzilly, France
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, CNRS, Tours, 37200, France
| | - Nicolas Caramello
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Côte d'Azur, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France
- Current address: Structural Biology, Radiation Facility, European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
| | - Sebastian P Fernandez
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Côte d'Azur, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Renan Costa-Campos
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Côte d'Azur, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Juliette Canaguier
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Côte d'Azur, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Susana Barbosa
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Côte d'Azur, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Laura Martinez-Gili
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Antonis Myridakis
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Marc-Emmanuel Dumas
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Genomic and Environmental Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6KY, UK
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, CNRS UMR 8199, INSERM UMR 1283, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, University of Lille, 59045, Lille, France
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, 740 Doctor Penfield Avenue, Montréal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Aurélia Bruneau
- AgroParisTech, INRAE, Institut Micalis, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Claire Cherbuy
- AgroParisTech, INRAE, Institut Micalis, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- AgroParisTech, INRAE, Institut Micalis, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jacques Callebert
- UMR-S 942, INSERM, Department of Biochemistry, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France
- Centre for Biological Resources, BB-0033-00064, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Launay
- UMR-S 942, INSERM, Department of Biochemistry, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France
- Centre for Biological Resources, BB-0033-00064, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Chabry
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Côte d'Azur, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Jacques Barik
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Côte d'Azur, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Julie Le Merrer
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR0075 INRAE, UMR7247 CNRS, IFCE, Inserm, Université François Rabelais, 37380, Nouzilly, France
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, CNRS, Tours, 37200, France
| | - Nicolas Glaichenhaus
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Côte d'Azur, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Laetitia Davidovic
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Côte d'Azur, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France.
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.
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23
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Vicedomini R, Blachon C, Oteri F, Carbone A. MyCLADE: a multi-source domain annotation server for sequence functional exploration. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:W452-W458. [PMID: 34023906 PMCID: PMC8262732 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing number of genomic and metagenomic sequences accumulating in our databases requires accurate approaches to explore their content against specific domain targets. MyCLADE is a user-friendly webserver designed for targeted functional profiling of genomic and metagenomic sequences based on a database of a few million probabilistic models of Pfam domains. It uses the MetaCLADE multi-source domain annotation strategy, modelling domains based on multiple probabilistic profiles. MyCLADE takes a list of protein sequences and possibly a target set of domains/clans as input and, for each sequence, it provides a domain architecture built from the targeted domains or from all Pfam domains. It is linked to the Pfam and QuickGO databases in multiple ways for easy retrieval of domain and clan information. E-value, bit-score, domain-dependent probability scores and logos representing the match of the model with the sequence are provided to help the user to assess the quality of each annotation. Availability and implementation: MyCLADE is freely available at http://www.lcqb.upmc.fr/myclade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Vicedomini
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IBPS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative (LCQB), UMR 7238, Paris 75005, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Calcul et des Données (ISCD), France
| | - Clémence Blachon
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IBPS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative (LCQB), UMR 7238, Paris 75005, France
| | - Francesco Oteri
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IBPS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative (LCQB), UMR 7238, Paris 75005, France
| | - Alessandra Carbone
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IBPS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative (LCQB), UMR 7238, Paris 75005, France
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24
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Wu Q, Tian AL, Li B, Leduc M, Forveille S, Hamley P, Galloway W, Xie W, Liu P, Zhao L, Zhang S, Hui P, Madeo F, Tu Y, Kepp O, Kroemer G. IGF1 receptor inhibition amplifies the effects of cancer drugs by autophagy and immune-dependent mechanisms. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e002722. [PMID: 34127545 PMCID: PMC8204183 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacological autophagy enhancement constitutes a preclinically validated strategy for preventing or treating most major age-associated diseases. Driven by this consideration, we performed a high-content/high-throughput screen on 65 000 distinct compounds on a robotized fluorescence microscopy platform to identify novel autophagy inducers. RESULTS Here, we report the discovery of picropodophyllin (PPP) as a potent inducer of autophagic flux that acts on-target, as an inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R). Thus, PPP lost its autophagy-stimulatory activity in cells engineered to lack IGF1R or to express a constitutively active AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1) mutant. When administered to cancer-bearing mice, PPP improved the therapeutic efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy with a combination of immunogenic cytotoxicants and programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1, better known as PD-1) blockade. These PPP effects were lost when tumors were rendered PPP-insensitive or autophagy-incompetent. In combination with chemotherapy, PPP enhanced the infiltration of tumors by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, while reducing regulatory T cells. In human triple-negative breast cancer patients, the activating phosphorylation of IGF1R correlated with inhibited autophagy, an unfavorable local immune profile, and poor prognosis. CONCLUSION Altogether, these results suggest that IGF1R may constitute a novel and druggable therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer in conjunction with chemoimmunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Ai-Ling Tian
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Bei Li
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Marion Leduc
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Sabrina Forveille
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - Wei Xie
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Peng Liu
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Liwei Zhao
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Pan Hui
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Saclay, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Yi Tu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Petryk N, Bultmann S, Bartke T, Defossez PA. Staying true to yourself: mechanisms of DNA methylation maintenance in mammals. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:3020-3032. [PMID: 33300031 PMCID: PMC8034647 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is essential to development and cellular physiology in mammals. Faulty DNA methylation is frequently observed in human diseases like cancer and neurological disorders. Molecularly, this epigenetic mark is linked to other chromatin modifications and it regulates key genomic processes, including transcription and splicing. Each round of DNA replication generates two hemi-methylated copies of the genome. These must be converted back to symmetrically methylated DNA before the next S-phase, or the mark will fade away; therefore the maintenance of DNA methylation is essential. Mechanistically, the maintenance of this epigenetic modification takes place during and after DNA replication, and occurs within the very dynamic context of chromatin re-assembly. Here, we review recent discoveries and unresolved questions regarding the mechanisms, dynamics and fidelity of DNA methylation maintenance in mammals. We also discuss how it could be regulated in normal development and misregulated in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Petryk
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate Centre, UMR7216 CNRS, Université de Paris, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Sebastian Bultmann
- Department of Biology II, Human Biology and BioImaging, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Till Bartke
- Institute of Functional Epigenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Abstract
Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is a rare life-threatening autoimmune disease that attacks multiple organs and has its onset in childhood. It is an inherited condition caused by a variety of mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene that encodes a protein whose function has been uncovered by the generation and study of Aire-KO mice. These provided invaluable insights into the link between AIRE expression in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs), and the broad spectrum of self-antigens that these cells express and present to the developing thymocytes. However, these murine models poorly recapitulate all phenotypic aspects of human APECED. Unlike Aire-KO mice, the recently generated Aire-KO rat model presents visual features, organ lymphocytic infiltrations and production of autoantibodies that resemble those observed in APECED patients, making the rat model a main research asset. In addition, ex vivo models of AIRE-dependent self-antigen expression in primary mTECs have been successfully set up. Thymus organoids based on pluripotent stem cell-derived TECs from APECED patients are also emerging, and constitute a promising tool to engineer AIRE-corrected mTECs and restore the generation of regulatory T cells. Eventually, these new models will undoubtedly lead to main advances in the identification and assessment of specific and efficient new therapeutic strategies aiming to restore immunological tolerance in APECED patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Besnard
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Francine Padonou
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Nathan Provin
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Matthieu Giraud
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Carole Guillonneau
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, F-44000 Nantes, France
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27
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Pons S, Fournier S, Chervin C, Bécard G, Rochange S, Frei Dit Frey N, Puech Pagès V. Phytohormone production by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240886. [PMID: 33064769 PMCID: PMC7567356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is a mutualistic interaction between most land plants and fungi of the glomeromycotina subphylum. The initiation, development and regulation of this symbiosis involve numerous signalling events between and within the symbiotic partners. Among other signals, phytohormones are known to play important roles at various stages of the interaction. During presymbiotic steps, plant roots exude strigolactones which stimulate fungal spore germination and hyphal branching, and promote the initiation of symbiosis. At later stages, different plant hormone classes can act as positive or negative regulators of the interaction. Although the fungus is known to reciprocally emit regulatory signals, its potential contribution to the phytohormonal pool has received little attention, and has so far only been addressed by indirect assays. In this study, using mass spectrometry, we analyzed phytohormones released into the medium by germinated spores of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. We detected the presence of a cytokinin (isopentenyl adenosine) and an auxin (indole-acetic acid). In addition, we identified a gibberellin (gibberellin A4) in spore extracts. We also used gas chromatography to show that R. irregularis produces ethylene from methionine and the α-keto γ-methylthio butyric acid pathway. These results highlight the possibility for AM fungi to use phytohormones to interact with their host plants, or to regulate their own development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Pons
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- MetaboHub-Metatoul AgromiX, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Sylvie Fournier
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- MetaboHub-Metatoul AgromiX, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Christian Chervin
- Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse INP, INRA, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Guillaume Bécard
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Soizic Rochange
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Nicolas Frei Dit Frey
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- * E-mail: (VPP); (NFDF)
| | - Virginie Puech Pagès
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- MetaboHub-Metatoul AgromiX, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- * E-mail: (VPP); (NFDF)
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28
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Pernier J, Morchain A, Caorsi V, Bertin A, Bousquet H, Bassereau P, Coudrier E. Myosin 1b flattens and prunes branched actin filaments. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs247403. [PMID: 32895245 PMCID: PMC7522023 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.247403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Motile and morphological cellular processes require a spatially and temporally coordinated branched actin network that is controlled by the activity of various regulatory proteins, including the Arp2/3 complex, profilin, cofilin and tropomyosin. We have previously reported that myosin 1b regulates the density of the actin network in the growth cone. Here, by performing in vitro F-actin gliding assays and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, we show that this molecular motor flattens (reduces the branch angle) in the Arp2/3-dependent actin branches, resulting in them breaking, and reduces the probability of new branches forming. This experiment reveals that myosin 1b can produce force sufficient enough to break up the Arp2/3-mediated actin junction. Together with the former in vivo studies, this work emphasizes the essential role played by myosins in the architecture and dynamics of actin networks in different cellular regions.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Pernier
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Laboratory Cell Biology and Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, C.N.R.S. UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Morchain
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Aurélie Bertin
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Hugo Bousquet
- Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Laboratory Cell Biology and Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, C.N.R.S. UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Evelyne Coudrier
- Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Laboratory Cell Biology and Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, C.N.R.S. UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris, France
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29
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Zagryazhskaya-Masson A, Monteiro P, Macé AS, Castagnino A, Ferrari R, Infante E, Duperray-Susini A, Dingli F, Lanyi A, Loew D, Génot E, Chavrier P. Intersection of TKS5 and FGD1/CDC42 signaling cascades directs the formation of invadopodia. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e201910132. [PMID: 32673397 PMCID: PMC7480108 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201910132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells exposed to a physiological matrix of type I collagen fibers form elongated collagenolytic invadopodia, which differ from dotty-like invadopodia forming on the gelatin substratum model. The related scaffold proteins, TKS5 and TKS4, are key components of the mechanism of invadopodia assembly. The molecular events through which TKS proteins direct collagenolytic invadopodia formation are poorly defined. Using coimmunoprecipitation experiments, identification of bound proteins by mass spectrometry, and in vitro pull-down experiments, we found an interaction between TKS5 and FGD1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the Rho-GTPase CDC42, which is known for its role in the assembly of invadopodial actin core structure. A novel cell polarity network is uncovered comprising TKS5, FGD1, and CDC42, directing invadopodia formation and the polarization of MT1-MMP recycling compartments, required for invadopodia activity and invasion in a 3D collagen matrix. Additionally, our data unveil distinct signaling pathways involved in collagenolytic invadopodia formation downstream of TKS4 or TKS5 in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zagryazhskaya-Masson
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Pedro Monteiro
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Macé
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 144, Paris, France
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Alessia Castagnino
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Robin Ferrari
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Elvira Infante
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Aléria Duperray-Susini
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Florent Dingli
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomic Laboratory, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Arpad Lanyi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Damarys Loew
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomic Laboratory, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Génot
- European Institute of Chemistry and Biology, Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1045, and Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Chavrier
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 144, Paris, France
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30
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Stoufflet J, Chaulet M, Doulazmi M, Fouquet C, Dubacq C, Métin C, Schneider-Maunoury S, Trembleau A, Vincent P, Caillé I. Primary cilium-dependent cAMP/PKA signaling at the centrosome regulates neuronal migration. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/36/eaba3992. [PMID: 32917588 PMCID: PMC7467704 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba3992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The primary cilium (PC) is a small centrosome-assembled organelle, protruding from the surface of most eukaryotic cells. It plays a key role in cell migration, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, we show that the PC regulates neuronal migration via cyclic adenosine 3'-5' monosphosphate (cAMP) production activating centrosomal protein kinase A (PKA). Biosensor live imaging revealed a periodic cAMP hotspot at the centrosome of embryonic, postnatal, and adult migrating neurons. Genetic ablation of the PC, or knockdown of ciliary adenylate cyclase 3, caused hotspot disappearance and migratory defects, with defective centrosome dynamics and altered nucleokinesis. Delocalization of PKA from the centrosome phenocopied the migratory defects. Our results show that the PC and centrosome form a single cAMP signaling unit dynamically regulating migration, further highlighting the centrosome as a signaling hub.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Stoufflet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8246, Inserm U1130, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8256, Institut Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Maxime Chaulet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8246, Inserm U1130, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Mohamed Doulazmi
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8256, Institut Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Coralie Fouquet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8246, Inserm U1130, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Dubacq
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8246, Inserm U1130, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Christine Métin
- Inserm UMR-S839, Institut du Fer à Moulin, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Schneider-Maunoury
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm ERL U1156, Institut Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Developmental Biology Laboratory (LBD), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Alain Trembleau
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8246, Inserm U1130, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Vincent
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8256, Institut Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Isabelle Caillé
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8246, Inserm U1130, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), F-75005 Paris, France.
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
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31
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Christophorou N, She W, Long J, Hurel A, Beaubiat S, Idir Y, Tagliaro-Jahns M, Chambon A, Solier V, Vezon D, Grelon M, Feng X, Bouché N, Mézard C. AXR1 affects DNA methylation independently of its role in regulating meiotic crossover localization. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008894. [PMID: 32598340 PMCID: PMC7351236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic crossovers (COs) are important for reshuffling genetic information between homologous chromosomes and they are essential for their correct segregation. COs are unevenly distributed along chromosomes and the underlying mechanisms controlling CO localization are not well understood. We previously showed that meiotic COs are mis-localized in the absence of AXR1, an enzyme involved in the neddylation/rubylation protein modification pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we report that in axr1-/-, male meiocytes show a strong defect in chromosome pairing whereas the formation of the telomere bouquet is not affected. COs are also redistributed towards subtelomeric chromosomal ends where they frequently form clusters, in contrast to large central regions depleted in recombination. The CO suppressed regions correlate with DNA hypermethylation of transposable elements (TEs) in the CHH context in axr1-/- meiocytes. Through examining somatic methylomes, we found axr1-/- affects DNA methylation in a plant, causing hypermethylation in all sequence contexts (CG, CHG and CHH) in TEs. Impairment of the main pathways involved in DNA methylation is epistatic over axr1-/- for DNA methylation in somatic cells but does not restore regular chromosome segregation during meiosis. Collectively, our findings reveal that the neddylation pathway not only regulates hormonal perception and CO distribution but is also, directly or indirectly, a major limiting pathway of TE DNA methylation in somatic cells. In sexually reproducing organisms, each parent transmits one and only one copy of each chromosome to their progeny via their packaging in haploid gametes. To ensure the proper transmission of the chromosomes, pairs of homologous chromosomes must associate and exchange genetic information (also called reciprocal recombination) during a special division called meiosis that lead to the formation of the gametes. The recombination process is highly controlled in terms of number and localization of the events along the chromosomes. Disruption of this control may cause an inappropriate transmission of the chromosomes in the gametes leading to abnormal chromosome numbers in the offspring which is usually deleterious. In the plant Arabidopis thaliana, we show that when the pathway modifying proteins through ubiquitination/neddylation is impaired, the number of reciprocal recombination events is maintained but they are delocalized toward the ends of the chromosomes and some chromosomes do not exchange material. We also detected changes of patterns for DNA methylation, an epigenetic modification localised on DNA cytosines. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the methylation of cytosines is not causal to the localization change of meiotic recombination events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Christophorou
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Wenjing She
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Jincheng Long
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Aurélie Hurel
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Sébastien Beaubiat
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Yassir Idir
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Marina Tagliaro-Jahns
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Aurélie Chambon
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Victor Solier
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Daniel Vezon
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Mathilde Grelon
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Xiaoqi Feng
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Bouché
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
- * E-mail: (NB); (CM)
| | - Christine Mézard
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
- * E-mail: (NB); (CM)
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Loncar A, Rincon SA, Lera Ramirez M, Paoletti A, Tran PT. Kinesin-14 family proteins and microtubule dynamics define S. pombe mitotic and meiotic spindle assembly, and elongation. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs240234. [PMID: 32327557 PMCID: PMC7295595 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.240234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To segregate the chromosomes faithfully during cell division, cells assemble a spindle that captures the kinetochores and pulls them towards opposite poles. Proper spindle function requires correct interplay between microtubule motors and non-motor proteins. Defects in spindle assembly or changes in spindle dynamics are associated with diseases, such as cancer or developmental disorders. Here, we compared mitotic and meiotic spindles in fission yeast. We show that, even though mitotic and meiotic spindles underwent the typical three phases of spindle elongation, they have distinct features. We found that the relative concentration of the kinesin-14 family protein Pkl1 is decreased in meiosis I compared to mitosis, while the concentration of the kinesin-5 family protein Cut7 remains constant. We identified the second kinesin-14 family protein Klp2 and microtubule dynamics as factors necessary for proper meiotic spindle assembly. This work defines the differences between mitotic and meiotic spindles in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and provides prospect for future comparative studies.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Loncar
- Institute Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sergio A Rincon
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica/Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Manuel Lera Ramirez
- Institute Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Anne Paoletti
- Institute Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Phong T Tran
- Institute Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Donkpegan ASL, Piñeiro R, Heuertz M, Duminil J, Daïnou K, Doucet JL, Hardy OJ. Population genomics of the widespread African savannah trees Afzelia africana and Afzelia quanzensis reveals no significant past fragmentation of their distribution ranges. Am J Bot 2020; 107:498-509. [PMID: 32200549 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Few studies have addressed the evolutionary history of tree species from African savannahs. Afzelia contains economically important timber species, including two species widely distributed in African savannahs: A. africana in the Sudanian region and A. quanzensis in the Zambezian region. We aimed to infer whether these species underwent range fragmentation and/or demographic changes, possibly reflecting how savannahs responded to Quaternary climate changes. METHODS We characterized the genetic diversity and structure of these species across their distribution ranges using nuclear microsatellites (SSRs) and genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) markers. Six SSR loci were genotyped in 241 A. africana and 113 A. quanzensis individuals, while 2800 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in 30 A. africana individuals. RESULTS Both species appeared to be mainly outcrossing. The kinship between individuals decayed with the logarithm of the distance at similar rates across species and markers, leading to relatively small Sp statistics (0.0056 for SSR and 0.0054 for SNP in A. africana, 0.0075 for SSR in A. quanzensis). The patterns were consistent with isolation by distance expectations in the absence of large-scale geographic gradients. Bayesian clustering of SSR genotypes did not detect genetic clusters within species. In contrast, SNP data resolved intraspecific genetic clusters in A. africana, illustrating the higher resolving power of GBS. However, these clusters revealed low levels of differentiation and no clear geographical entities, so that they were interpreted as resulting from the isolation by distance pattern rather than from past population fragmentation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that populations have remained connected throughout the large, continuous savannah landscapes. The absence of clear phylogeographic discontinuities, also found in a few other African savannah trees, indicates that their distribution ranges have not been significantly fragmented during the climatic oscillations of the Pleistocene, in contrast to patterns commonly found in African rainforest trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armel S L Donkpegan
- Forest is Life, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 2 Passage des Déportés, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit, CP 160/12, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 avenue F. D. Roosevelt, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, BFP, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, F-33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Rosalía Piñeiro
- University of Exeter, Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Stocker road, EX44QD, Exeter, UK
- Evolutionary Genomics, Centre for Geogenetics - Natural History Museum of Denmark, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Myriam Heuertz
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, 69 route d'Arcachon, F-33610, Cestas, France
| | - Jérôme Duminil
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit, CP 160/12, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 avenue F. D. Roosevelt, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
- DIADE, IRD, University of Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier, France
- Bioversity International, Forest Genetic Resources and Restoration Programme, Sub-Regional Office for Central Africa, P.O. Box 2008, Messa, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Kasso Daïnou
- Forest is Life, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 2 Passage des Déportés, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit, CP 160/12, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 avenue F. D. Roosevelt, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Université d'Agriculture de Kétou, BP: 43, Kétou, Benin
| | - Jean-Louis Doucet
- Forest is Life, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 2 Passage des Déportés, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Olivier J Hardy
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit, CP 160/12, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 avenue F. D. Roosevelt, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
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Grossi-de-Sa M, Petitot AS, Xavier DA, Sá MEL, Mezzalira I, Beneventi MA, Martins NF, Baimey HK, Albuquerque EVS, Grossi-de-Sa MF, Fernandez D. Rice susceptibility to root-knot nematodes is enhanced by the Meloidogyne incognita MSP18 effector gene. Planta 2019; 250:1215-1227. [PMID: 31218413 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION This study revealed novel insights into the function of MSP18 effector during root-knot nematode parasitism in rice roots. MSP18 may modulate host immunity and enhance plant susceptibility to Meloidogyne spp. Rice (Oryza sativa) production is seriously impacted by root-knot nematodes (RKN), including Meloidogyne graminicola, Meloidogyne incognita, and Meloidogyne javanica, in upland and irrigated culture systems. Successful plant infection by RKN is likely achieved by releasing into the host cells some effector proteins to suppress the activation of immune responses. Here, we conducted a series of functional analyses to assess the role of the Meloidogyne-secreted protein (MSP) 18 from M. incognita (Mi-MSP18) during rice infection by RKN. Developmental expression profiles of M. javanica and M. graminicola showed that the MSP18 gene is up-regulated throughout nematode parasitic stages in rice. Reproduction of M. javanica and M. graminicola is enhanced in rice plants overexpressing Mi-MSP18, indicating that the Mi-MSP18 protein facilitates RKN parasitism. Transient expression assays in onion cells suggested that Mi-MSP18 is localized to the cytoplasm of the host cells. In tobacco, Mi-MSP18 suppressed the cell death induced by the INF1 elicitin, suggesting that Mi-MSP18 can interfere with the plant defense pathways. The data obtained in this study highlight Mi-MSP18 as a novel RKN effector able to enhance plant susceptibility and modulate host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maíra Grossi-de-Sa
- IRD, Cirad, Univ Montpellier, IPME, 911, Avenue Agropolis, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Anne-Sophie Petitot
- IRD, Cirad, Univ Montpellier, IPME, 911, Avenue Agropolis, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Deisy A Xavier
- IRD, Cirad, Univ Montpellier, IPME, 911, Avenue Agropolis, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology-PqEB, Final W5 N, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Maria Eugênia L Sá
- IRD, Cirad, Univ Montpellier, IPME, 911, Avenue Agropolis, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology-PqEB, Final W5 N, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
- Agricultural Research Company of Minas Gerais State, EPAMIG, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Itamara Mezzalira
- IRD, Cirad, Univ Montpellier, IPME, 911, Avenue Agropolis, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology-PqEB, Final W5 N, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Magda A Beneventi
- IRD, Cirad, Univ Montpellier, IPME, 911, Avenue Agropolis, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology-PqEB, Final W5 N, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Natalia F Martins
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology-PqEB, Final W5 N, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Hugues K Baimey
- Université de Parakou/Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences et Techniques Agronomiques de Djougou, Parakou, Benin
| | - Erika V S Albuquerque
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology-PqEB, Final W5 N, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Maria F Grossi-de-Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology-PqEB, Final W5 N, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Diana Fernandez
- IRD, Cirad, Univ Montpellier, IPME, 911, Avenue Agropolis, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology-PqEB, Final W5 N, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil.
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Coen O, Lu J, Xu W, De Vos D, Péchoux C, Domergue F, Grain D, Lepiniec L, Magnani E. Deposition of a cutin apoplastic barrier separating seed maternal and zygotic tissues. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:304. [PMID: 31291882 PMCID: PMC6617593 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1877-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In flowering plants, proper seed development is achieved through the constant interplay of fertilization products, embryo and endosperm, and maternal tissues. Communication between these compartments is supposed to be tightly regulated at their interfaces. Here, we characterize the deposition pattern of an apoplastic lipid barrier between the maternal inner integument and fertilization products in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. RESULTS We demonstrate that an apoplastic lipid barrier is first deposited by the ovule inner integument and undergoes de novo cutin deposition following central cell fertilization and relief of the FERTILIZATION INDEPENDENT SEED Polycomb group repressive mechanism. In addition, we show that the WIP zinc-finger TRANSPARENT TESTA 1 and the MADS-Box TRANSPARENT TESTA 16 transcription factors act maternally to promote its deposition by regulating cuticle biosynthetic pathways. Finally, mutant analyses indicate that this apoplastic barrier allows correct embryo sliding along the seed coat. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that the deposition of a cutin apoplastic barrier between seed maternal and zygotic tissues is part of the seed coat developmental program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Coen
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, University of Paris-Saclay, Route de St-Cyr (RD10), 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
- École Doctorale 567 Sciences du Végétal, University Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, bat 360, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Jing Lu
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, University of Paris-Saclay, Route de St-Cyr (RD10), 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
- École Doctorale 567 Sciences du Végétal, University Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, bat 360, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Wenjia Xu
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, University of Paris-Saclay, Route de St-Cyr (RD10), 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Delphine De Vos
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, University of Paris-Saclay, Route de St-Cyr (RD10), 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Christine Péchoux
- INRA, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Domaine de Vilvert, Cedex, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Frédéric Domergue
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, CNRS /, 71 av. E. Bourleaux, CS 20032, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Damaris Grain
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, University of Paris-Saclay, Route de St-Cyr (RD10), 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Loïc Lepiniec
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, University of Paris-Saclay, Route de St-Cyr (RD10), 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Enrico Magnani
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, University of Paris-Saclay, Route de St-Cyr (RD10), 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
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Jiguet F, Robert A, Lorrillière R, Hobson KA, Kardynal KJ, Arlettaz R, Bairlein F, Belik V, Bernardy P, Copete JL, Czajkowski MA, Dale S, Dombrovski V, Ducros D, Efrat R, Elts J, Ferrand Y, Marja R, Minkevicius S, Olsson P, Pérez M, Piha M, Raković M, Schmaljohann H, Seimola T, Selstam G, Siblet JP, Skierczyǹski M, Sokolov A, Sondell J, Moussy C. Unravelling migration connectivity reveals unsustainable hunting of the declining ortolan bunting. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaau2642. [PMID: 31131318 PMCID: PMC6530999 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau2642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In France, illegal hunting of the endangered ortolan bunting Emberiza hortulana has been defended for the sake of tradition and gastronomy. Hunters argued that ortolan buntings trapped in southwest France originate from large and stable populations across the whole of Europe. Yet, the European Commission referred France to the Court of Justice of the European Union (EU) in December 2016 for infringements to legislation (IP/16/4213). To better assess the impact of hunting in France, we combined Pan-European data from archival light loggers, stable isotopes, and genetics to determine the migration strategy of the species across continents. Ortolan buntings migrating through France come from northern and western populations, which are small, fragmented and declining. Population viability modeling further revealed that harvesting in southwest France is far from sustainable and increases extinction risk. These results provide the sufficient scientific evidence for justifying the ban on ortolan harvesting in France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Jiguet
- CESCO, UMR7204 MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, CP135, 43 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Robert
- CESCO, UMR7204 MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, CP135, 43 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Romain Lorrillière
- CESCO, UMR7204 MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, CP135, 43 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
- Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Keith A. Hobson
- Department of Biology and Environment and Climate Change Canada, University of Western Ontario, Room 2025 BGS Building, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Kevin J. Kardynal
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, 11 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 3H5, Canada
| | - Raphaël Arlettaz
- Division of Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Valais Field Station, Swiss Ornithological Institute, 11 Rue du Rhône, 1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Franz Bairlein
- Institute of Avian Research, An der Vogelwarte 21, 26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Viktor Belik
- Department of Zoology, Southern Federal University, Bolshaja Sadovaja, Rostov-on-Don 344006, Russia
| | - Petra Bernardy
- Institute of Avian Research, An der Vogelwarte 21, 26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - José Luis Copete
- Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive, Lynx Edicions, Montseny 8, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Svein Dale
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Valery Dombrovski
- Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences, Academichnaya 27, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Delphine Ducros
- CESCO, UMR7204 MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, CP135, 43 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
- Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage, Université de Toulouse, INRA (UR 035), 24 chemin de Borde-Rouge – Auzeville CS 52627, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - Ron Efrat
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Jaanus Elts
- Estonian Ornithological Society, Veski 4, 51005 Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yves Ferrand
- Direction de la Recherche e de l’Expertise, Unité Avifaune Migratrice, ONCFS, 85 bis avenue de Wagram, 75017 Paris, France
| | - Riho Marja
- Estonian Environment Agency, Rõõmu tee St. 2, 50605 Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Peter Olsson
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research (CEC), Ekologihuset, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marc Pérez
- Nostra Senyora de Montserrat 19, 08756 La Palma de Cervelló, Spain
| | - Markus Piha
- Finnish Museum of Natural History LUOMUS, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 17 Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Marko Raković
- Natural History Museum of Belgrade, Njegoševa 51, Serbia
| | - Heiko Schmaljohann
- Institute of Avian Research, An der Vogelwarte 21, 26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- Institute for Biology und Environmental Sciences (IBU), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Tuomas Seimola
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Natural Resources, Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gunnar Selstam
- Department of Agricultural Research in Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Umeå, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jean-Philippe Siblet
- UMS PatriNat (AFB-CNRS-MNHN), CP41, 36 rue Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Michał Skierczyǹski
- Department of Behavioural Ecology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Alexandr Sokolov
- Belogorie State Nature Reserve, per Monastyrskij dom 3, p Borisovka 309342, Borisovskij r-n, Belgorod Region, Russia
| | - Jan Sondell
- Kvismare Bird Observatory, Rulleuddsvägen 10, S-178 51 Ekerö, Sweden
| | - Caroline Moussy
- CESCO, UMR7204 MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, CP135, 43 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
- BirdLife International, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK
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Bloyet LM, Schramm A, Lazert C, Raynal B, Hologne M, Walker O, Longhi S, Gerlier D. Regulation of measles virus gene expression by P protein coiled-coil properties. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaaw3702. [PMID: 31086822 PMCID: PMC6506246 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw3702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The polymerase of negative-stranded RNA viruses consists of the large protein (L) and the phosphoprotein (P), the latter serving both as a chaperon and a cofactor for L. We mapped within measles virus (MeV) P the regions responsible for binding and stabilizing L and showed that the coiled-coil multimerization domain (MD) of P is required for gene expression. MeV MD is kinked as a result of the presence of a stammer. Both restoration of the heptad regularity and displacement of the stammer strongly decrease or abrogate activity in a minigenome assay. By contrast, P activity is rather tolerant of substitutions within the stammer. Single substitutions at the "a" or "d" hydrophobic anchor positions with residues of variable hydrophobicity revealed that P functionality requires a narrow range of cohesiveness of its MD. Results collectively indicate that, beyond merely ensuring P oligomerization, the MD finely tunes viral gene expression through its cohesiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Marie Bloyet
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Antoine Schramm
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), UMR 7257, Marseille, France
| | - Carine Lazert
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Bertrand Raynal
- Institut Pasteur, Plateforme de Biophysique Moléculaire, Paris, France
| | - Maggy Hologne
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Univ Lyon, CNRS, UMR5280, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon France
| | - Olivier Walker
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Univ Lyon, CNRS, UMR5280, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon France
| | - Sonia Longhi
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), UMR 7257, Marseille, France
| | - Denis Gerlier
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
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El Khamlichi C, Reverchon-Assadi F, Hervouet-Coste N, Blot L, Reiter E, Morisset-Lopez S. Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer as a Method to Study Protein-Protein Interactions: Application to G Protein Coupled Receptor Biology. Molecules 2019; 24:E537. [PMID: 30717191 PMCID: PMC6384791 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) approach involves resonance energy transfer between a light-emitting enzyme and fluorescent acceptors. The major advantage of this technique over biochemical methods is that protein-protein interactions (PPI) can be monitored without disrupting the natural environment, frequently altered by detergents and membrane preparations. Thus, it is considered as one of the most versatile technique for studying molecular interactions in living cells at "physiological" expression levels. BRET analysis has been applied to study many transmembrane receptor classes including G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). It is well established that these receptors may function as dimeric/oligomeric forms and interact with multiple effectors to transduce the signal. Therefore, they are considered as attractive targets to identify PPI modulators. In this review, we present an overview of the different BRET systems developed up to now and their relevance to identify inhibitors/modulators of protein⁻protein interaction. Then, we introduce the different classes of agents that have been recently developed to target PPI, and provide some examples illustrating the use of BRET-based assays to identify and characterize innovative PPI modulators in the field of GPCRs biology. Finally, we discuss the main advantages and the limits of BRET approach to characterize PPI modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayma El Khamlichi
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, University of Orléans and INSERM, 45071 Orléans, France.
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, Université François Rabelais-Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - Flora Reverchon-Assadi
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, University of Orléans and INSERM, 45071 Orléans, France.
| | - Nadège Hervouet-Coste
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, University of Orléans and INSERM, 45071 Orléans, France.
| | - Lauren Blot
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, University of Orléans and INSERM, 45071 Orléans, France.
| | - Eric Reiter
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, Université François Rabelais-Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - Séverine Morisset-Lopez
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, University of Orléans and INSERM, 45071 Orléans, France.
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Gutnik S, Thomas Y, Guo Y, Stoecklin J, Neagu A, Pintard L, Merlet J, Ciosk R. PRP-19, a conserved pre-mRNA processing factor and E3 ubiquitin ligase, inhibits the nuclear accumulation of GLP-1/Notch intracellular domain. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio034066. [PMID: 30012553 PMCID: PMC6078339 DOI: 10.1242/bio.034066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch signalling pathway is a conserved and widespread signalling paradigm, and its misregulation has been implicated in numerous disorders, including cancer. The output of Notch signalling depends on the nuclear accumulation of the Notch receptor intracellular domain (ICD). Using the Caenorhabditis elegans germline, where GLP-1/Notch-mediated signalling is essential for maintaining stem cells, we monitored GLP-1 in vivo We found that the nuclear enrichment of GLP-1 ICD is dynamic: while the ICD is enriched in germ cell nuclei during larval development, it is depleted from the nuclei in adult germlines. We found that this pattern depends on the ubiquitin proteolytic system and the splicing machinery and, identified the splicing factor PRP-19 as a candidate E3 ubiquitin ligase required for the nuclear depletion of GLP-1 ICD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gutnik
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yann Thomas
- Cell Cycle and Development, Institut Jacques Monod, UMR7592 CNRS - Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Yanwu Guo
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Janosch Stoecklin
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anca Neagu
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lionel Pintard
- Cell Cycle and Development, Institut Jacques Monod, UMR7592 CNRS - Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Jorge Merlet
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Developmental Biology Laboratory, UMR 7622, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Rafal Ciosk
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
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Sanda N, Cerliani L, Authié CN, Sabbah N, Sahel JA, Habas C, Safran AB, Thiebaut de Schotten M. Visual brain plasticity induced by central and peripheral visual field loss. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:3473-3485. [PMID: 29936553 PMCID: PMC6132657 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1700-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Disorders that specifically affect central and peripheral vision constitute invaluable models to study how the human brain adapts to visual deafferentation. We explored cortical changes after the loss of central or peripheral vision. Cortical thickness (CoTks) and resting-state cortical entropy (rs-CoEn), as a surrogate for neural and synaptic complexity, were extracted in 12 Stargardt macular dystrophy, 12 retinitis pigmentosa (tunnel vision stage), and 14 normally sighted subjects. When compared to controls, both groups with visual loss exhibited decreased CoTks in dorsal area V3d. Peripheral visual field loss also showed a specific CoTks decrease in early visual cortex and ventral area V4, while central visual field loss in dorsal area V3A. Only central visual field loss exhibited increased CoEn in LO-2 area and FG1. Current results revealed biomarkers of brain plasticity within the dorsal and the ventral visual streams following central and peripheral visual field defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolae Sanda
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S968, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France.
- INSERM, U968, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France.
- CNRS, UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France.
- Centre d'investigation clinique, Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, 75012, Paris, France.
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospital and Geneva University School of Medicine, Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Leonardo Cerliani
- Frontlab, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et la moelle (ICM), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Group, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Colas N Authié
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S968, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France
- INSERM, U968, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France
- Centre d'investigation clinique, Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Norman Sabbah
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S968, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France
- INSERM, U968, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France
- Centre d'investigation clinique, Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, 75012, Paris, France
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S968, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France
- INSERM, U968, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France
- Centre d'investigation clinique, Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, 75012, Paris, France
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College of London, London, UK
- Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburg, Pittsburg, USA
| | - Christophe Habas
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S968, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France
- INSERM, U968, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France
- Centre de Neuroimagerie, Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Avinoam B Safran
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S968, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France
- INSERM, U968, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, 75012, Paris, France
- Centre d'investigation clinique, Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, 75012, Paris, France
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospital and Geneva University School of Medicine, Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michel Thiebaut de Schotten
- Frontlab, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et la moelle (ICM), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Group, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Petitprez F, Vano YA, Becht E, Giraldo NA, de Reyniès A, Sautès-Fridman C, Fridman WH. Transcriptomic analysis of the tumor microenvironment to guide prognosis and immunotherapies. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:981-988. [PMID: 28884365 PMCID: PMC11028160 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumors are highly heterogeneous tissues where malignant cells are surrounded by and interact with a complex tumor microenvironment (TME), notably composed of a wide variety of immune cells, as well as vessels and fibroblasts. As the dialectical influence between tumor cells and their TME is known to be clinically crucial, we need tools that allow us to study the cellular composition of the microenvironment. In this focused research review, we report MCP-counter, a methodology based on transcriptomic markers that assesses the proportion of several immune and stromal cell populations in the TME from transcriptomic data, and we highlight how it can provide a way to decipher the complex mechanisms at play in tumors. In several malignancies, MCP-counter scores have been used to show various prognostic impacts of the TME, which we also show to be linked with the mutational burden of tumors. We also compared established molecular classifications of colorectal cancer and clear-cell renal cell carcinoma with the output of MCP-counter, and show that molecular subgroups have different TME profiles, and that these profiles are consistent within a given subgroup. Finally, we provide insights as to how knowing the TME composition may shape patient care in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Petitprez
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team Cancer, Immune Control and Escape, 75006, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Eq. 13 escalier E 3e étage, 15 rue de l'école de médecine, 75006, Paris, France
- University UPMC Paris 6, Sorbonne University, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Yann A Vano
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team Cancer, Immune Control and Escape, 75006, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Eq. 13 escalier E 3e étage, 15 rue de l'école de médecine, 75006, Paris, France
- University UPMC Paris 6, Sorbonne University, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Becht
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team Cancer, Immune Control and Escape, 75006, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Eq. 13 escalier E 3e étage, 15 rue de l'école de médecine, 75006, Paris, France
- University UPMC Paris 6, Sorbonne University, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicolas A Giraldo
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team Cancer, Immune Control and Escape, 75006, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Eq. 13 escalier E 3e étage, 15 rue de l'école de médecine, 75006, Paris, France
- University UPMC Paris 6, Sorbonne University, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Aurélien de Reyniès
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team Cancer, Immune Control and Escape, 75006, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Eq. 13 escalier E 3e étage, 15 rue de l'école de médecine, 75006, Paris, France
- University UPMC Paris 6, Sorbonne University, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Wolf H Fridman
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team Cancer, Immune Control and Escape, 75006, Paris, France.
- University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Eq. 13 escalier E 3e étage, 15 rue de l'école de médecine, 75006, Paris, France.
- University UPMC Paris 6, Sorbonne University, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France.
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Kortebi M, Milohanic E, Mitchell G, Péchoux C, Prevost MC, Cossart P, Bierne H. Listeria monocytogenes switches from dissemination to persistence by adopting a vacuolar lifestyle in epithelial cells. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006734. [PMID: 29190284 PMCID: PMC5708623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes causes listeriosis, a foodborne disease that poses serious risks to fetuses, newborns and immunocompromised adults. This intracellular bacterial pathogen proliferates in the host cytosol and exploits the host actin polymerization machinery to spread from cell-to-cell and disseminate in the host. Here, we report that during several days of infection in human hepatocytes or trophoblast cells, L. monocytogenes switches from this active motile lifestyle to a stage of persistence in vacuoles. Upon intercellular spread, bacteria gradually stopped producing the actin-nucleating protein ActA and became trapped in lysosome-like vacuoles termed Listeria-Containing Vacuoles (LisCVs). Subpopulations of bacteria resisted degradation in LisCVs and entered a slow/non-replicative state. During the subculture of host cells harboring LisCVs, bacteria showed a capacity to cycle between the vacuolar and the actin-based motility stages. When ActA was absent, such as in ΔactA mutants, vacuolar bacteria parasitized host cells in the so-called “viable but non-culturable” state (VBNC), preventing their detection by conventional colony counting methods. The exposure of infected cells to high doses of gentamicin did not trigger the formation of LisCVs, but selected for vacuolar and VBNC bacteria. Together, these results reveal the ability of L. monocytogenes to enter a persistent state in a subset of epithelial cells, which may favor the asymptomatic carriage of this pathogen, lengthen the incubation period of listeriosis, and promote bacterial survival during antibiotic therapy. L. monocytogenes is a model intracellular pathogen that replicates in the cytoplasm of mammalian cells and disseminate in the host using actin-based motility. Here, we reveal that L. monocytogenes changes its lifestyle and persists in lysosomal vacuoles during long-term infection of human hepatocytes and trophoblast cells. When the virulence factor ActA is not expressed, subpopulations of vacuolar bacteria enter a dormant viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state. This novel facet of the L. monocytogenes intracellular life could contribute to the asymptomatic carriage of this pathogen in epithelial tissues and render it tolerant to antibiotic therapy and undetectable by routine culture techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounia Kortebi
- Micalis Institute, Inra, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Equipe Epigénétique et Microbiologie Cellulaire, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Eliane Milohanic
- Micalis Institute, Inra, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Equipe Epigénétique et Microbiologie Cellulaire, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gabriel Mitchell
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Christine Péchoux
- Unité GABI, Inra, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Plate-Forme MIMA2, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Pascale Cossart
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France
- Inserm, U604, Paris, France
- Inra, USC2020, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Bierne
- Micalis Institute, Inra, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Equipe Epigénétique et Microbiologie Cellulaire, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- * E-mail:
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Miliu A, Lebrun M, Braun-Breton C, Lamarque MH. Shelph2, a bacterial-like phosphatase of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, is dispensable during asexual blood stage. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187073. [PMID: 29073264 PMCID: PMC5658161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
During the erythrocytic cycle of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, egress and invasion are essential steps finely controlled by reversible phosphorylation. In contrast to the growing number of kinases identified as key regulators, phosphatases have been poorly studied, and calcineurin is the only one identified so far to play a role in invasion. PfShelph2, a bacterial-like phosphatase, is a promising candidate to participate in the invasion process, as it was reported to be expressed late during the asexual blood stage and to reside within an apical compartment, yet distinct from rhoptry bulb, micronemes, or dense granules. It was also proposed to play a role in the control of the red blood cell membrane deformability at the end of the invasion process. However, genetic studies are still lacking to support this hypothesis. Here, we take advantage of the CRISPR-Cas9 technology to tag shelph2 genomic locus while retaining its endogenous regulatory regions. This new strain allows us to follow the endogenous PfShelph2 protein expression and location during asexual blood stages. We show that PfShelph2 apical location is also distinct from the rhoptry neck or exonemes. We further demonstrate PfShelph2 dispensability during the asexual blood stage by generating PfShelph2-KO parasites using CRISPR-Cas9 machinery. Analyses of the mutant during the course of the erythrocytic development indicate that there are no detectable phenotypic consequences of Pfshelph2 genomic deletion. As this lack of phenotype might be due to functional redundancy, we also explore the likelihood of PfShelph1 (PfShelph2 paralog) being a compensatory phosphatase. We conclude that despite its cyclic expression profile, PfShelph2 is a dispensable phosphatase during the Plasmodium falciparum asexual blood stage, whose function is unlikely substituted by PfShelph1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryse Lebrun
- DIMNP, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Mauld H. Lamarque
- DIMNP, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
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Gronnier J, Crowet JM, Habenstein B, Nasir MN, Bayle V, Hosy E, Platre MP, Gouguet P, Raffaele S, Martinez D, Grelard A, Loquet A, Simon-Plas F, Gerbeau-Pissot P, Der C, Bayer EM, Jaillais Y, Deleu M, Germain V, Lins L, Mongrand S. Structural basis for plant plasma membrane protein dynamics and organization into functional nanodomains. eLife 2017; 6:e26404. [PMID: 28758890 PMCID: PMC5536944 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma Membrane is the primary structure for adjusting to ever changing conditions. PM sub-compartmentalization in domains is thought to orchestrate signaling. Yet, mechanisms governing membrane organization are mostly uncharacterized. The plant-specific REMORINs are proteins regulating hormonal crosstalk and host invasion. REMs are the best-characterized nanodomain markers via an uncharacterized moiety called REMORIN C-terminal Anchor. By coupling biophysical methods, super-resolution microscopy and physiology, we decipher an original mechanism regulating the dynamic and organization of nanodomains. We showed that targeting of REMORIN is independent of the COP-II-dependent secretory pathway and mediated by PI4P and sterol. REM-CA is an unconventional lipid-binding motif that confers nanodomain organization. Analyses of REM-CA mutants by single particle tracking demonstrate that mobility and supramolecular organization are critical for immunity. This study provides a unique mechanistic insight into how the tight control of spatial segregation is critical in the definition of PM domain necessary to support biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Gronnier
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Jean-Marc Crowet
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire aux InterfacesGX ABT, Université de LiègeGemblouxBelgium
| | - Birgit Habenstein
- Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nanoobjects (UMR5248 CBMN), CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Institut Polytechnique BordeauxPessacFrance
| | - Mehmet Nail Nasir
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire aux InterfacesGX ABT, Université de LiègeGemblouxBelgium
| | - Vincent Bayle
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des PlantesUniversité de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1LyonFrance
| | - Eric Hosy
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS, University of BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Matthieu Pierre Platre
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des PlantesUniversité de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1LyonFrance
| | - Paul Gouguet
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | | | - Denis Martinez
- Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nanoobjects (UMR5248 CBMN), CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Institut Polytechnique BordeauxPessacFrance
| | - Axelle Grelard
- Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nanoobjects (UMR5248 CBMN), CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Institut Polytechnique BordeauxPessacFrance
| | - Antoine Loquet
- Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nanoobjects (UMR5248 CBMN), CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Institut Polytechnique BordeauxPessacFrance
| | - Françoise Simon-Plas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, ERL 6003 CNRSDijonFrance
| | - Patricia Gerbeau-Pissot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, ERL 6003 CNRSDijonFrance
| | - Christophe Der
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, ERL 6003 CNRSDijonFrance
| | - Emmanuelle M Bayer
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des PlantesUniversité de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1LyonFrance
| | - Magali Deleu
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire aux InterfacesGX ABT, Université de LiègeGemblouxBelgium
| | - Véronique Germain
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Laurence Lins
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire aux InterfacesGX ABT, Université de LiègeGemblouxBelgium
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
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Shukron O, Holcman D. Transient chromatin properties revealed by polymer models and stochastic simulations constructed from Chromosomal Capture data. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005469. [PMID: 28369076 PMCID: PMC5393903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin organization can be probed by Chromosomal Capture (5C) data, from which the encounter probability (EP) between genomic sites is presented in a large matrix. This matrix is averaged over a large cell population, revealing diagonal blocks called Topological Associating Domains (TADs) that represent a sub-chromatin organization. To study the relation between chromatin organization and gene regulation, we introduce a computational procedure to construct a bead-spring polymer model based on the EP matrix. The model permits exploring transient properties constrained by the statistics of the 5C data. To construct the polymer model, we proceed in two steps: first, we introduce a minimal number of random connectors inside restricted regions to account for diagonal blocks. Second, we account for long-range frequent specific genomic interactions. Using the constructed polymer, we compute the first encounter time distribution and the conditional probability of three key genomic sites. By simulating single particle trajectories of loci located on the constructed polymers from 5C data, we found a large variability of the anomalous exponent, used to interpret live cell imaging trajectories. The present polymer construction provides a generic tool to study steady-state and transient properties of chromatin constrained by some physical properties embedded in 5C data. Chromatin organization remains poorly understood and polymer models are used to reconstruct such organization, to reveal hidden structures and to quantify genomic interactions. We use a generalized Rouse model (a linear chain of beads connected by springs) with additional interacting molecules that allow stable loop formation. The polymer models are constructed using the minimal number of binding molecules, positioned according to the encounter probability matrix obtained from experimental chromosomal capture data. We determine the conditional encounter probability of 3 key loci regulating gene inactivation from our calibrated polymer model. Using polymer simulations, we generate single particle trajectories and explore their transient properties. The present results suggest that the heterogeneity of anomalous exponents measured in live cell imaging is due to the large combinatorics in reconstructing the chromatin organization from Chromosomal Capture data. The present method and algorithms are generic and can be used to reconstruct a polymer model at a given scale from any Chromosomal Capture data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Shukron
- Institute of Biology, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | - David Holcman
- Institute of Biology, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Demartin F, Maier B, Maltoni F, Mawatari K, Zaro M. tWH associated production at the LHC. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2017; 77:34. [PMID: 28260980 PMCID: PMC5312113 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-4601-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We study Higgs boson production in association with a top quark and a W boson at the LHC. At NLO in QCD, tWH interferes with [Formula: see text] and a procedure to meaningfully separate the two processes needs to be employed. In order to define tWH production for both total rates and differential distributions, we consider the diagram removal and diagram subtraction techniques that have been previously proposed for treating intermediate resonances at NLO, in particular in the context of tW production. These techniques feature approximations that need to be carefully taken into account when theoretical predictions are compared to experimental measurements. To this aim, we first critically revisit the tW process, for which an extensive literature exists and where an analogous interference with [Formula: see text] production takes place. We then provide robust results for total and differential cross sections for tW and tWH at 13 TeV, also matching short-distance events to a parton shower. We formulate a reliable prescription to estimate the theoretical uncertainties, including those associated to the very definition of the process at NLO. Finally, we study the sensitivity to a non-Standard-Model relative phase between the Higgs couplings to the top quark and to the W boson in tWH production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Demartin
- Centre for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology (CP3), Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Benedikt Maier
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Fabio Maltoni
- Centre for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology (CP3), Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Kentarou Mawatari
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Avenue des Martyrs 53, 38026 Grenoble, France
- Theoretische Natuurkunde and IIHE/ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- International Solvay Institutes, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marco Zaro
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, UMR 7589, LPTHE, 75005 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7589, LPTHE, 75005 Paris, France
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Bernut A, Nguyen-Chi M, Halloum I, Herrmann JL, Lutfalla G, Kremer L. Mycobacterium abscessus-Induced Granuloma Formation Is Strictly Dependent on TNF Signaling and Neutrophil Trafficking. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005986. [PMID: 27806130 PMCID: PMC5091842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is considered the most common respiratory pathogen among the rapidly growing non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Infections with M. abscessus are increasingly found in patients with chronic lung diseases, especially cystic fibrosis, and are often refractory to antibiotic therapy. M. abscessus has two morphotypes with distinct effects on host cells and biological responses. The smooth (S) variant is recognized as the initial airway colonizer while the rough (R) is known to be a potent inflammatory inducer associated with invasive disease, but the underlying immunopathological mechanisms of the infection remain unsolved. We conducted a comparative stepwise dissection of the inflammatory response in S and R pathogenesis by monitoring infected transparent zebrafish embryos. Loss of TNFR1 function resulted in increased mortality with both variants, and was associated with unrestricted intramacrophage bacterial growth and decreased bactericidal activity. The use of transgenic zebrafish lines harboring fluorescent macrophages and neutrophils revealed that neutrophils, like macrophages, interact with M. abscessus at the initial infection sites. Impaired TNF signaling disrupted the IL8-dependent neutrophil mobilization, and the defect in neutrophil trafficking led to the formation of aberrant granulomas, extensive mycobacterial cording, unrestricted bacterial growth and subsequent larval death. Our findings emphasize the central role of neutrophils for the establishment and maintenance of the protective M. abscessus granulomas. These results also suggest that the TNF/IL8 inflammatory axis is necessary for protective immunity against M. abscessus and may be of clinical relevance to explain why immunosuppressive TNF therapy leads to the exacerbation of M. abscessus infections. The incidence of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections has recently increased and has even surpassed tuberculosis as a public health concern in many developed countries. These infections require long treatment regimens that are often unsuccessful. Among these, Mycobacterium abscessus has emerged as perhaps the most difficult-to-manage pathogen, especially in cystic fibrosis patients. Unfortunately, very little is known regarding the contributions of the pro-inflammatory and innate immune responses during M. abscessus infection. Here, we exploited the transparency of zebrafish embryos to study, at high resolution, the interactions of M. abscessus with macrophages and neutrophils, and found that both cell types are required to control the infection. We also describe the dramatic consequences of impaired TNF/IL8 immunity on the outcome of the infection. Most importantly, by tracking the dynamics of neutrophil mobilization, we demonstrated the crucial role of these cells in the formation and integrity of protective granulomas. Together, our data provide a significant advance in deciphering the immunopathology of M. abscessus infection, which is particularly relevant for understanding the exquisite vulnerability of cystic fibrosis patients to this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Bernut
- Centre d’études d’agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé, FR3689, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Iman Halloum
- Centre d’études d’agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé, FR3689, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Louis Herrmann
- UMR1173, INSERM, Université de Versailles St Quentin, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | | | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre d’études d’agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé, FR3689, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, CPBS, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
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Badon A, Li D, Lerosey G, Boccara AC, Fink M, Aubry A. Smart optical coherence tomography for ultra-deep imaging through highly scattering media. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1600370. [PMID: 27847864 PMCID: PMC5099988 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Multiple scattering of waves in disordered media is a nightmare whether it is for detection or imaging purposes. So far, the best approach to get rid of multiple scattering is optical coherence tomography. This basically combines confocal microscopy and coherence time gating to discriminate ballistic photons from a predominant multiple scattering background. Nevertheless, the imaging-depth range remains limited to 1 mm at best in human soft tissues because of aberrations and multiple scattering. We propose a matrix approach of optical imaging to push back this fundamental limit. By combining a matrix discrimination of ballistic waves and iterative time reversal, we show, both theoretically and experimentally, an extension of the imaging-depth limit by at least a factor of 2 compared to optical coherence tomography. In particular, the reported experiment demonstrates imaging through a strongly scattering layer from which only 1 reflected photon out of 1000 billion is ballistic. This approach opens a new route toward ultra-deep tissue imaging.
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Abstract
Purkinje neurons play an important role in cerebellar computation since their axons are the only projection from the cerebellar cortex to deeper cerebellar structures. They have complex internal dynamics, which allow them to fire spontaneously, display bistability, and also to be involved in network phenomena such as high frequency oscillations and travelling waves. Purkinje cells exhibit type II excitability, which can be revealed by a discontinuity in their f-I curves. We show that this excitability mechanism allows Purkinje cells to be efficiently inhibited by noise of a particular variance, a phenomenon known as inverse stochastic resonance (ISR). While ISR has been described in theoretical models of single neurons, here we provide the first experimental evidence for this effect. We find that an adaptive exponential integrate-and-fire model fitted to the basic Purkinje cell characteristics using a modified dynamic IV method displays ISR and bistability between the resting state and a repetitive activity limit cycle. ISR allows the Purkinje cell to operate in different functional regimes: the all-or-none toggle or the linear filter mode, depending on the variance of the synaptic input. We propose that synaptic noise allows Purkinje cells to quickly switch between these functional regimes. Using mutual information analysis, we demonstrate that ISR can lead to a locally optimal information transfer between the input and output spike train of the Purkinje cell. These results provide the first experimental evidence for ISR and suggest a functional role for ISR in cerebellar information processing. How neurons generate output spikes in response to various combinations of inputs is a central issue in contemporary neuroscience. Due to their large dendritic tree and complex intrinsic properties, cerebellar Purkinje cells are an important model system to study this input-output transformation. Here we examine how noise can change the parameters of this transformation. In experiments we found that spike generation in Purkinje cells can be efficiently inhibited by noise of a particular amplitude. This effect is called inverse stochastic resonance (ISR) and has previously been described only in theoretical models of neurons. We explain the mechanism underlying ISR using a simple model matching the properties of experimentally characterized Purkinje cells. We found that ISR is present in Purkinje cells when the mean input current is near threshold for spike generation. ISR can be explained by the co-existence of resting and spiking solutions of the simple model. Changes of the input noise variance change the lifetime of these resting and spiking states, suggesting a mechanism for a tunable filter with long time constants implemented by a Purkinje cell population in the cerebellum. Finally, ISR leads to locally optimal information transfer from the input to the output of a Purkinje cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Buchin
- Group for Neural Theory, Laboratoire des Neurosciences Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
- Institute of Physics, Nanotechnology and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Center for Cognition and Decision Making, Department of Psychology, NRU Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Sarah Rieubland
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Häusser
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Boris S. Gutkin
- Group for Neural Theory, Laboratoire des Neurosciences Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
- Center for Cognition and Decision Making, Department of Psychology, NRU Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arnd Roth
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Veluchamy A, Jégu T, Ariel F, Latrasse D, Mariappan KG, Kim SK, Crespi M, Hirt H, Bergounioux C, Raynaud C, Benhamed M. LHP1 Regulates H3K27me3 Spreading and Shapes the Three-Dimensional Conformation of the Arabidopsis Genome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158936. [PMID: 27410265 PMCID: PMC4943711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise expression patterns of genes in time and space are essential for proper development of multicellular organisms. Dynamic chromatin conformation and spatial organization of the genome constitute a major step in this regulation to modulate developmental outputs. Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) mediate stable or flexible gene repression in response to internal and environmental cues. In Arabidopsis thaliana, LHP1 co-localizes with H3K27me3 epigenetic marks throughout the genome and interacts with PRC1 and PRC2 members as well as with a long noncoding RNA. Here, we show that LHP1 is responsible for the spreading of H3K27me3 towards the 3' end of the gene body. We also identified a subset of LHP1-activated genes and demonstrated that LHP1 shapes local chromatin topology in order to control transcriptional co-regulation. Our work reveals a general role of LHP1 from local to higher conformation levels of chromatin configuration to determine its accessibility to define gene expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaguraj Veluchamy
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Teddy Jégu
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, University Paris-Sud, University of Evry, University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, University of Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Federico Ariel
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, University Paris-Sud, University of Evry, University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, University of Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - David Latrasse
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, University Paris-Sud, University of Evry, University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, University of Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Kiruthiga Gayathri Mariappan
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Soon-Kap Kim
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin Crespi
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, University Paris-Sud, University of Evry, University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, University of Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Catherine Bergounioux
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, University Paris-Sud, University of Evry, University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, University of Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Cécile Raynaud
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, University Paris-Sud, University of Evry, University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, University of Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Moussa Benhamed
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, University Paris-Sud, University of Evry, University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, University of Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
- * E-mail:
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