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Onyelowe KC, Adam AFH, Ulloa N, Garcia C, Andrade Valle AI, Zúñiga Rodríguez MG, Zarate Villacres AN, Shakeri J, Anyaogu L, Alimoradijazi M, Ganasen N. Modeling the influence of bacteria concentration on the mechanical properties of self-healing concrete (SHC) for sustainable bio-concrete structures. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8414. [PMID: 38600143 PMCID: PMC11006880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58666-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this research paper, the intelligent learning abilities of the gray wolf optimization (GWO), multi-verse optimization (MVO), moth fly optimization, particle swarm optimization (PSO), and whale optimization algorithm (WOA) metaheuristic techniques and the response surface methodology (RSM) has been studied in the prediction of the mechanical properties of self-healing concrete. Bio-concrete technology stimulated by the concentration of bacteria has been utilized as a sustainable structural concrete for the future of the built environment. This is due to the recovery tendency of the concrete structures after noticeable structural failures. However, it requires a somewhat expensive exercise and technology to create the medium for the growth of the bacteria needed for this self-healing ability. The method of data gathering, analysis and intelligent prediction has been adopted to propose parametric relationships between the bacteria usage and the concrete performance in terms of strength and durability. This makes is cheaper to design self-healing concrete structures based on the optimized mathematical relationships and models proposed from this exercise. The performance of the models was tested by using the coefficient of determination (R2), root mean squared errors, mean absolute errors, mean squared errors, variance accounted for and the coefficient of error. At the end of the prediction protocol and model performance evaluation, it was found that the classified metaheuristic techniques outclassed the RSM due their ability to mimic human and animal genetics of mutation. Furthermore, it can be finally remarked that the GWO outclassed the other methods in predicting the concrete slump (Sl) with R2 of 0.998 and 0.989 for the train and test, respectively, the PSO outclassed the rest in predicting the flexural strength with R2 of 0.989 and 0.937 for train and test, respectively and the MVO outclassed the others in predicting the compressive strength with R2 of 0.998 and 0.958 for train and test, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy C Onyelowe
- Department of Civil Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria.
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of the Peloponnese, 26334, Patras, Greece.
| | - Ali F H Adam
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Technologies, Al-Qubbah, Libya
| | - Nestor Ulloa
- Facultad de Mecánica, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo (ESPOCH), Panamericana Sur km. 1½, 060155, Riobamba, Ecuador
- Grupo de Investigación y Desarrollo de Nanotecnología, Materiales y Manufactura (GIDENM), Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Panamericana Sur Km. 1½, 060155, Riobamba, Ecuador
| | - Cesar Garcia
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura, Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo (UNACH), 060501, Riobamba, Ecuador
| | - Alexis Ivan Andrade Valle
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo (UNACH), 060501, Riobamba, Ecuador
- Heritage and the City, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, España, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Jamshid Shakeri
- Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Lewechi Anyaogu
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
| | - Mohammadreza Alimoradijazi
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nakkeeran Ganasen
- Department of Civil Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
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Aoki R, Sasaki M, Tetsuka M, Mogoe T, Ishikawa H. Localization of peptide hormones in the placentas of Bryde's (Balaenoptera brydei), sei (B. borealis), and common minke (B. acutorostrata) whales. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:451-457. [PMID: 38417877 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the morphological features of the placentas from 3 species of rorqual whales (Balaenopteridae), namely Bryde's (Balaenoptera brydei), sei (B. borealis), and common minke (B. acutorostrata) whales, and verified the secretion of 2 placental-specific peptide hormones, placental lactogen (PL) and chorionic gonadotropin (CG). The placentas were collected in the second phase of the Japanese Whale Research Program under a special permit in the North Pacific (JARPN II) between 2009 and 2010. For all three species of rorqual whales, as the fetus grew, the interdigitation between the maternal endometrial folds and chorionic villi became more complicated, and many blood capillaries of chorionic villi and endometrium became larger and infiltrated the trophoblast cells and endometrial epithelial cells, respectively. In the immunohistochemical examination, the trophoblast cells (except for areolar trophoblast cells) showed immunoreactivities for the PL and luteinizing hormone (LH) antibodies, and this phenomenon was similar in the placentas of all 3 rorqual whale species. Our results suggest that PL and LH-like CG play roles in regulating pregnancy in the placenta of cetacean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Aoki
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Motoki Sasaki
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masafumi Tetsuka
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
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Chan SCY, Karczmarski L. Broad-scale impacts of coastal mega-infrastructure project on obligatory inshore delphinids: A cautionary tale from Hong Kong. Sci Total Environ 2024; 920:169753. [PMID: 38181953 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Inshore marine habitats experience considerable anthropogenic pressure, as this is where many adverse effects of human activities concentrate. In the rapidly-changing seascape of the Anthropocene, Hong Kong waters at the heart of world's fastest developing coastal region can serve as a preview-window into coastal seas of the future, with ever-growing anthropogenic footprint. Here, we quantify how large-scale coastal infrastructure projects can affect obligatory inshore cetaceans, bringing about population-level consequences that may compromise their long-term demographic viability. As a case in point, we look at the construction of world's longest sea crossing system and broad-scale demographic, social and spatial responses it has caused in a shallow-water delphinid, the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis). Soon after the infrastructure project began, dolphins markedly altered their home range near construction sites such that these waters no longer functioned as dolphin core areas despite the apparent presence of prey, indicating that anthropogenic impacts outweighed foraging benefits. The contraction of key habitats has in turn led individuals to interact over spatially more constricted area, reshaping their group dynamics and social network. Although there was no apparent decline in dolphin numbers that could be detected with mark-recapture estimates, adult survival rates decreased drastically from 0.960 to 0.904, the lowest estimate for these animals anywhere across the region to date, notably below the previously estimated demographic threshold of their long-term persistence (0.955). It is apparent that during an advanced stage of this coastal infrastructure project, dolphins were under a major anthropogenic pressure that, if sustained, could be detrimental to their long-term persistence as a viable demographic unit. As effective conservation of species and habitats depends on informed management decisions, this study offers a valuable lesson in environmental risk assessment, underscoring the implications of human-induced rapid environmental change on obligatory inshore delphinids-sentinels of coastal habitats that are increasingly degraded in fast-changing coastal seas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Y Chan
- Division of Cetacean Ecology, Cetacea Research Institute, Lantau, Hong Kong.
| | - Leszek Karczmarski
- Division of Cetacean Ecology, Cetacea Research Institute, Lantau, Hong Kong.
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Youngblood M. Language-like efficiency and structure in house finch song. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20240250. [PMID: 38565151 PMCID: PMC10987240 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Communication needs to be complex enough to be functional while minimizing learning and production costs. Recent work suggests that the vocalizations and gestures of some songbirds, cetaceans and great apes may conform to linguistic laws that reflect this trade-off between efficiency and complexity. In studies of non-human communication, though, clustering signals into types cannot be done a priori, and decisions about the appropriate grain of analysis may affect statistical signals in the data. The aim of this study was to assess the evidence for language-like efficiency and structure in house finch (Haemorhous mexicanus) song across three levels of granularity in syllable clustering. The results show strong evidence for Zipf's rank-frequency law, Zipf's law of abbreviation and Menzerath's law. Additional analyses show that house finch songs have small-world structure, thought to reflect systematic structure in syntax, and the mutual information decay of sequences is consistent with a combination of Markovian and hierarchical processes. These statistical patterns are robust across three levels of granularity in syllable clustering, pointing to a limited form of scale invariance. In sum, it appears that house finch song has been shaped by pressure for efficiency, possibly to offset the costs of female preferences for complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason Youngblood
- Minds and Traditions Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology, Jena, Thüringen, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Jamison-Todd S, Mannion PD, Glover AG, Upchurch P. New occurrences of the bone-eating worm Osedax from Late Cretaceous marine reptiles and implications for its biogeography and diversification. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232830. [PMID: 38593847 PMCID: PMC11003772 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The bone-eating worm Osedax is a speciose and globally distributed clade, primarily found on whale carcasses in marine environments. The earliest fossil evidence for Osedax borings was previously described in plesiosaur and sea turtle bones from the mid-Cretaceous of the United Kingdom, representing the only unequivocal pre-Oligocene occurrences. Confirming through CT scanning, we present new evidence of Osedax borings in three plesiosaur specimens and, for the first time, identify borings in two mosasaur specimens. All specimens are from the Late Cretaceous: one from the Cenomanian of the United Kingdom, two from the Campanian of the southeastern United States, and two from the Maastrichtian of Belgium. This extends the geographic range of Osedax in the Cretaceous to both sides of the northern Atlantic Ocean. The bones contain five borehole morphotypes, potentially created by different species of Osedax, with the Cenomanian specimen containing three morphotypes within a single tooth. This combined evidence of heightened species diversity by the Cenomanian and broad geographic range by the Campanian potentially indicates an earlier origin and diversification for this clade than previously hypothesized. Preservational biases indicate that Osedax was probably even more widely distributed and speciose in the Cretaceous than apparent in the fossil record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jamison-Todd
- Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Philip D. Mannion
- Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Paul Upchurch
- Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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Michel M, Torterotot M, Royer JY, Samaran F. Effects of duty cycle on passive acoustic monitoring metrics: The case of blue whale songs. J Acoust Soc Am 2024; 155:2538-2548. [PMID: 38591939 DOI: 10.1121/10.0025545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Long-term fixed passive acoustic monitoring of cetacean populations is a logistical and technological challenge, often limited by the battery capacity of the autonomous recorders. Depending on the research scope and target species, temporal subsampling of the data may become necessary to extend the deployment period. This study explores the effects of different duty cycles on metrics that describe patterns of seasonal presence, call type richness richness, and daily call rate of three blue whale acoustics populations in the Southern Indian Ocean. Detections of blue whale calls from continuous acoustic data were subsampled with three different duty cycles of 50%, 33%, and 25% within listening periods ranging from 1 min to 6 h. Results show that reducing the percentage of recording time reduces the accuracy of the observed seasonal patterns as well as the estimation of daily call rate and call call type richness. For a specific duty cycle, short listening periods (5-30 min) are preferred to longer listening periods (1-6 h). The effects of subsampling are greater the lower the species' vocal activity or the shorter their periods of presence. These results emphasize the importance of selecting a subsampling scheme adapted to the target species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Michel
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Laboratoire des Sciences et Techniques de l'information, de la Communication et de la Connaissance, Ecole Nationale Supérieur de Techniques Avancées Bretagne, Brest, France
| | - Maëlle Torterotot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Laboratoire des Sciences et Techniques de l'information, de la Communication et de la Connaissance, Ecole Nationale Supérieur de Techniques Avancées Bretagne, Brest, France
| | - Jean-Yves Royer
- Lab Geo-Ocean, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Brest, Ifremer, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Flore Samaran
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Laboratoire des Sciences et Techniques de l'information, de la Communication et de la Connaissance, Ecole Nationale Supérieur de Techniques Avancées Bretagne, Brest, France
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Popper AN, Amorim C, Fine ML, Higgs DM, Mensinger AF, Sisneros JA. Introduction to the special issue on fish bioacoustics: Hearing and sound communicationa). J Acoust Soc Am 2024; 155:2385-2391. [PMID: 38563625 DOI: 10.1121/10.0025553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Fish bioacoustics, or the study of fish hearing, sound production, and acoustic communication, was discussed as early as Aristotle. However, questions about how fishes hear were not really addressed until the early 20th century. Work on fish bioacoustics grew after World War II and considerably in the 21st century since investigators, regulators, and others realized that anthropogenic (human-generated sounds), which had primarily been of interest to workers on marine mammals, was likely to have a major impact on fishes (as well as on aquatic invertebrates). Moreover, passive acoustic monitoring of fishes, recording fish sounds in the field, has blossomed as a noninvasive technique for sampling abundance, distribution, and reproduction of various sonic fishes. The field is vital since fishes and aquatic invertebrates make up a major portion of the protein eaten by a signification portion of humans. To help better understand fish bioacoustics and engage it with issues of anthropogenic sound, this special issue of The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA) brings together papers that explore the breadth of the topic, from a historical perspective to the latest findings on the impact of anthropogenic sounds on fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur N Popper
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Environmental BioAcoustics LLC, Silver Spring, Maryland 20906, USA
| | - Clara Amorim
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Michael L Fine
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, USA
| | - Dennis M Higgs
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Allen F Mensinger
- Biology Department, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA
| | - Joseph A Sisneros
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Jia Z, Zhang Q, Shi B, Xu C, Liu D, Yang Y, Xi B, Li R. A new strategy for groundwater level prediction using a hybrid deep learning model under Ecological Water Replenishment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:23951-23967. [PMID: 38436858 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Accurate prediction of the groundwater level (GWL) is crucial for sustainable groundwater resource management. Ecological water replenishment (EWR) involves artificially diverting water to replenish the ecological flow and water resources of both surface water and groundwater within the basin. However, fluctuations in GWLs during the EWR process exhibit high nonlinearity and complexity in their time series, making it challenging for single data-driven models to predict the trend of groundwater level changes under the backdrop of EWR. This study introduced a new GWL prediction strategy based on a hybrid deep learning model, STL-IWOA-GRU. It integrated the LOESS-based seasonal trend decomposition algorithm (STL), improved whale optimization algorithm (IWOA), and Gated recurrent unit (GRU). The aim was to accurately predict GWLs in the context of EWR. This study gathered GWL, precipitation, and surface runoff data from 21 monitoring wells in the Yongding River Basin (Beijing Section) over a period of 731 days. The research results demonstrate that the improvement strategy implemented for the IWOA enhances the convergence speed and global search capabilities of the algorithm. In the case analysis, evaluation metrics including the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) were employed. STL-IWOA-GRU exhibited commendable performance, with MAE achieving the best result, averaging at 0.266. When compared to other models such as Variance Mode Decomposition-Gated Recurrent Unit (VMD-GRU), Ant Lion Optimizer-Support Vector Machine (ALO-SVM), STL-Particle Swarm Optimization-GRU (STL-PSO-GRU), and STL-Sine Cosine Algorithm-GRU (STL-SCA-GRU), MAE was reduced by 18%, 26%, 11%, and 29%, respectively. This indicates that the model proposed in this study exhibited high prediction accuracy and robust versatility, making it a potent strategic choice for forecasting GWL changes in the context of EWR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- The Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center of Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Beijing, 100082, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Bowen Shi
- The Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center of Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Beijing, 100082, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Congchao Xu
- The Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center of Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Beijing, 100082, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Di Liu
- The Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center of Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Beijing, 100082, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yihong Yang
- The Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center of Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Beijing, 100082, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- The Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center of Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Beijing, 100082, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Rui Li
- The Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center of Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Beijing, 100082, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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Hirose A, Nakamura G, Nikaido M, Fujise Y, Kato H, Kishida T. Localized Expression of Olfactory Receptor Genes in the Olfactory Organ of Common Minke Whales. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3855. [PMID: 38612665 PMCID: PMC11012115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Baleen whales (Mysticeti) possess the necessary anatomical structures and genetic elements for olfaction. Nevertheless, the olfactory receptor gene (OR) repertoire has undergone substantial degeneration in the cetacean lineage following the divergence of the Artiodactyla and Cetacea. The functionality of highly degenerated mysticete ORs within their olfactory epithelium remains unknown. In this study, we extracted total RNA from the nasal mucosae of common minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) to investigate ORs' localized expression. All three sections of the mucosae examined in the nasal chamber displayed comparable histological structure. However, the posterior portion of the frontoturbinal region exhibited notably high OR expression. Neither the olfactory bulb nor the external skin exhibited the expression of these genes. Although this species possesses four intact non-class-2 ORs, all the ORs expressed in the nasal mucosae belong to class-2, implying the loss of aversion to specific odorants. These anatomical and genomic analyses suggest that ORs are still responsible for olfaction within the nasal region of baleen whales, enabling them to detect desirable scents such as prey and potential mating partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Hirose
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan;
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Gen Nakamura
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Masato Nikaido
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan;
| | | | - Hidehiro Kato
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
- The Institute of Cetacean Research, Tokyo 104-0055, Japan
| | - Takushi Kishida
- Museum of Natural and Environmental History, Shizuoka 422-8017, Japan;
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa 252-0880, Japan
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Baker DN, Abueg L, Escalona M, Farquharson KA, Lanyon JM, Le Duc D, Schöneberg T, Absolon D, Sims Y, Fedrigo O, Jarvis ED, Belov K, Hogg CJ, Shapiro B. A chromosome-level genome assembly for the dugong (Dugong dugon). J Hered 2024; 115:212-220. [PMID: 38245832 PMCID: PMC10936554 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The dugong (Dugong dugon) is a marine mammal widely distributed throughout the Indo-Pacific and the Red Sea, with a Vulnerable conservation status, and little is known about many of the more peripheral populations, some of which are thought to be close to extinction. We present a de novo high-quality genome assembly for the dugong from an individual belonging to the well-monitored Moreton Bay population in Queensland, Australia. Our assembly uses long-read PacBio HiFi sequencing and Omni-C data following the Vertebrate Genome Project pipeline to reach chromosome-level contiguity (24 chromosome-level scaffolds; 3.16 Gbp) and high completeness (97.9% complete BUSCOs). We observed relatively high genome-wide heterozygosity, which likely reflects historical population abundance before the last interglacial period, approximately 125,000 yr ago. Demographic inference suggests that dugong populations began declining as sea levels fell after the last interglacial period, likely a result of population fragmentation and habitat loss due to the exposure of seagrass meadows. We find no evidence for ongoing recent inbreeding in this individual. However, runs of homozygosity indicate some past inbreeding. Our draft genome assembly will enable range-wide assessments of genetic diversity and adaptation, facilitate effective management of dugong populations, and allow comparative genomics analyses including with other sirenians, the oldest marine mammal lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy Nevé Baker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Linelle Abueg
- Vertebrate Genome Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Merly Escalona
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Katherine A Farquharson
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Janet M Lanyon
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Diana Le Duc
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Medical Faculty, Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- School of Medicine, University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Dominic Absolon
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Ying Sims
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Erich D Jarvis
- Vertebrate Genome Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Katherine Belov
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carolyn J Hogg
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Beth Shapiro
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
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Zhang H, Dang X, Zhao J, Lu M. Analysis and prediction of ground deformation in Yinxi Industrial Park based on time-series InSAR technology. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:359. [PMID: 38470540 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring ground deformation in industrial parks is of great importance for the economic development of urban areas. However, limited research has been conducted on the deformation mechanism in industrial parks, and there is a lack of integrated monitoring and prediction models. Therefore, this study proposes a comprehensive monitoring and prediction model for industrial parks, utilizing time-series Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technology and the Whale Optimization Algorithm-Back Propagation (WOA-BP) neural network algorithm. Taking Yinxi Industrial Park in Baiyin District as a case study, we used 68 scenes of Sentinel-1A ascending and descending orbit data from June 2018 to April 2021. The Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterers-Permanent Scatterers (StaMPS-PS) and the Small Baseline Subsets-Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (SBAS-InSAR) technologies were employed to obtain the surface deformation information of the park. The deformation information obtained by the two technologies was cross-validated in terms of temporal and spatial distribution, and the vertical and east-west deformation of the park was obtained by combining the ascending and descending orbit data. The results show that the deformation feature points in the line of sight (LOS) direction obtained by the two technologies have a high consistency in spatial distribution, using the ascending orbit data as an example. Additionally, the SBAS-InSAR technology was used to obtain the east-west and vertical deformation results of the park after merging the ascending and descending orbit data for the same period. It was found that the park is mainly affected by vertical deformation, with a maximum subsidence rate of 14.67 mm/yr. The subsidence areas correspond to the deformation positions observed in field survey photos. Based on the ascending orbit deformation data, the two technologies were validated with 585 points of the same latitude and longitude, and the coefficient of determination R2 was found to be 0.82, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.20 mm/a. The deformation rates were also highly consistent. Due to the 47% increase in the number of sampling points provided by the StaMPS-PS technique compared to the SBAS-InSAR technique, the former was found to be more applicable in the industrial park. Based on the ground deformation mechanism in the park, we combined the StaMPS-PS technique with the WOA-BP neural network to construct a deformation zone prediction model. We conducted predictive studies on the deformation zones of buildings and roads within the park, and the results showed that the WOA-optimized BP neural network achieved higher accuracy and lower overall error compared to the unoptimized network. Finally, we analyzed and discussed the geological conditions and inducing factors of ground deformation in the park, providing a reference for a better understanding of the deformation mechanism and early warning of disasters in the industrial park.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Xinghai Dang
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Emergency Surveying and Mapping Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Lanzhou University of Technology Architectural Survey and Design Institute Limited Liability Company, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jianyun Zhao
- Department of Geologic Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Beijing Piesat Information Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
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12
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Zhai Y, Li P, Zhang Q, Zhang P, Li S. Geographic and tissue-specific variations of the trace elements and trophic niches of three offshore cetaceans in Chinese waters. J Hazard Mater 2024; 465:133380. [PMID: 38160560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Systematical investigation on trace elements' (TEs) distribution and trophic niches of cetaceans are essential to understand marine mammal ecology and environmental toxicology. Here, the concentrations of 10 TEs and isotopic values in six tissues of stranded Stenella attenuata (SA) and Kogia breviceps (KB) from the northern South China Sea (SCS) and Peponocephala electra (PE) from the East China Sea (ECS) were investigated. The TEs levels of the studied cetaceans were characterized by geo- and tissue-specific distributions. For SA and KB, most TEs levels were in the normal ranges, with low toxicological risk. For PE, several toxic TEs accumulated above the thresholds up to 892.80 μg/g of Hg and 335.24 μg/g of Cd, indicating that land-based anthropogenic pollution may be an ongoing threat to top predators in the ECS. The liver, spleen, and kidney are the main organs that accumulate toxic TEs, and there are strong positive, such as Se-Hg, correlations in several tissues. In particular, for PE with severe Hg and Cd exposure, tissue-specific distribution and correlations were more obvious. The results of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes showed partly overlapped trophic niches of the three cetaceans, with similar calculated trophic levels in a narrow range of 4.29-4.43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuan Zhai
- Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics Laboratory, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Analytical Instrumentation Center, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Pingjing Li
- Analytical Instrumentation Center, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China.
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- Analytical Instrumentation Center, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Peijun Zhang
- Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics Laboratory, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Songhai Li
- Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics Laboratory, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China; The Innovation Research Center for Aquatic Mammals, and Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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13
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Saito A, Kinoshita C, Sakai K, Sato K, Sakamoto KQ. Heart rate reduction during voluntary deep diving in free-ranging loggerhead sea turtles. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246334. [PMID: 38442390 PMCID: PMC10949068 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Air-breathing vertebrates exhibit cardiovascular responses to diving including heart rate reduction (diving bradycardia). Field studies on aquatic mammals and birds have shown that the intensity of bradycardia can vary depending on diving behaviour, such as the depth of dives and dive duration. However, in aquatic reptiles, the variation in heart rate during deep dives under natural conditions has not been fully investigated. In this study, we released five loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) outfitted with recorders into the sea and recorded their electrocardiogram, depth, water temperature and longitudinal acceleration. After 3 days, the recorders automatically detached from the turtles. The heart rate signals were detected from the electrodes placed on the surface of the plastron. The mean (±s.d.) heart rate of 12.8±4.1 beats min-1 during dives was significantly lower than that of 20.9±4.1 beats min-1 during surface periods. Heart rate during dives varied with dive depth, although it remained lower than that at the surface. When the turtle dived deeper than 140 m, despite the relatively high flipper stroke rate (approximately 19 strokes min-1), the heart rate dropped rapidly to approximately 2 beats min-1 temporarily. The minimum instantaneous heart rate during dives was lower at deeper dive depths. Our results indicate that loggerhead sea turtles show variations in the intensity of diving bradycardia depending on their diving behaviour, similar to that shown by marine mammals and birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Saito
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kinoshita
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
| | - Kino Sakai
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
| | - Katsufumi Sato
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
| | - Kentaro Q. Sakamoto
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
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14
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Thode AM, Blackwell SB. A statistical acoustics approach for estimating population-scale bowhead whale migration speed and direction. J Acoust Soc Am 2024; 155:1969-1981. [PMID: 38466044 DOI: 10.1121/10.0025288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Bowhead whales vocalize during their annual fall migration from the Beaufort Sea to the Bering Sea, but the calling rates of individual animals are so low that tracking an individual trajectory is impractical using passive acoustic methods. However, the travel speed and direction of the migrating population can be inferred on a statistical basis by cross-correlating time sequences of call density measured at two locations spaced several kilometers apart. By using the triangulation abilities of a set of vector sensors deployed offshore the Alaskan North Slope between 2008 and 2014, call density time sequences were generated from 1-km wide and 40-km tall rectangular "zones" that were separated by distances ranging from 3.5 to 15 km. The cross-covariances between the two sequences generate a peak corresponding to the average time it takes for whales to travel between the zones. Consistent westward travel speeds of ∼5 km/h were obtained from four different locations on 6 of the 7 years of the study, independent of whether the zones were separated by 3.5, 7, or 15 km. Some sites, however, also revealed a less prominent eastern movement of whales, and shifts in migration speed were occasionally detectable over week-long time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Thode
- Marine Physical Laboratory, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093-0238, USA
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15
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Bruck JN. A deeper understanding of noise effects on cetaceans. Learn Behav 2024; 52:3-4. [PMID: 37165162 PMCID: PMC10171909 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-023-00585-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent research with cetaceans under human care is illuminating just how dolphins are affected by human-made noise both in terms of their ability to cooperate as well as their ability to habituate to such noise. This research is providing granular detail to regulators assessing the problems associated with anthropogenic effects and is highlighting a role for behavior/cognition research in conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason N Bruck
- Department of Biology, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX, USA.
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16
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OHISHI K, TAJIMA Y, ABE E, YAMADA TK, MARUYAMA T. Brucella infection in rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis) with severe orchitis stranded on the Pacific coast of Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:295-299. [PMID: 38267042 PMCID: PMC10963093 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In the western North Pacific, prominent granulomatous testes have been detected in many Brucella-infected common minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), but there have been no reports in toothed cetaceans. We found severe orchitis with granulomatous lesions in a rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis) stranded on the Pacific coast of Japan in 2011. Histopathological examination revealed leukocyte infiltration of the lesions. DNA from the lesion was analyzed by PCR and it showed molecular biological similarities with those of Brucella-infected common minke whales and Brucella ceti of sequence-type 27 (ST27). These results suggest that the type of Brucella ceti that infected the dolphin was ST27, which may have caused severe orchitis. This study adds to our understanding of Brucella infections in marine mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazue OHISHI
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuko TAJIMA
- National Museum of Nature and Science, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Erika ABE
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tadashi MARUYAMA
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
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17
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Kočí T, Gašparič R, Buckeridge J, Kočová Veselská M, Šoster A. The first record of a Konservat-Lagerstätten in which early post-settlement stages of fossil archaeobalanids (Cirripedia: Balanomorpha) are preserved. Integr Zool 2024; 19:200-223. [PMID: 37248329 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A diverse sessile barnacle fauna from a Miocene shallow-water deposit at Dolnja Stara vas in Slovenia is described. It includes the first descriptions of early post settlement juveniles of Actinobalanus sloveniensis attached to mangrove leaves. These represent three distinct growth phases, the earliest being interpreted as being less than 24 h post settlement, the others being 1 to 2 days post settlement. An assessment of their taphonomy is provided. Associated adult balanomorphs are attached to a variety of organic substrates, including mangrove leaves and branches, fragments of the conifers ?Taxodioxylon, Carapoxylon, pine cones, molluscs, and cetacean bones. The barnacles include A. sloveniensis, Amphibalanus venustus, and Perforatus perforatus-many with opercula retained within the shells. A. venustus retains some of the original shell color. This is the second record of barnacle-plant associations from the Central Paratethys from Kamnik and Trbovlje. The paleoecology and paleogeography of the site are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Kočí
- Ivančická 581, Prague, Czech Republic
- Palaeontological Department, Natural History Museum, National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rok Gašparič
- Oertijdmuseum, Bosscheweg 80, Boxtel, 5293 WB, The Netherlands
- Institute for Palaeobiology and Evolution, Novi Trg, Kamnik, Slovenia
| | - John Buckeridge
- Earth and Oceanic Systems Group, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
- Museums Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martina Kočová Veselská
- Department of Paleobiology and Paleoecology, Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Šoster
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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18
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Motani R, Pyenson ND. Downsizing a heavyweight: factors and methods that revise weight estimates of the giant fossil whale Perucetus colossus. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16978. [PMID: 38436015 PMCID: PMC10909350 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Extremes in organismal size have broad interest in ecology and evolution because organismal size dictates many traits of an organism's biology. There is particular fascination with identifying upper size extremes in the largest vertebrates, given the challenges and difficulties of measuring extant and extinct candidates for the largest animal of all time, such as whales, terrestrial non-avian dinosaurs, and extinct marine reptiles. The discovery of Perucetus colossus, a giant basilosaurid whale from the Eocene of Peru, challenged many assumptions about organismal extremes based on reconstructions of its body weight that exceeded reported values for blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus). Here we present an examination of a series of factors and methodological approaches to assess reconstructing body weight in Perucetus, including: data sources from large extant cetaceans; fitting published body mass estimates to body outlines; testing the assumption of isometry between skeletal and body masses, even with extrapolation; examining the role of pachyostosis in body mass reconstructions; addressing method-dependent error rates; and comparing Perucetus with known physiological and ecological limits for living whales, and Eocene oceanic productivity. We conclude that Perucetus did not exceed the body mass of today's blue whales. Depending on assumptions and methods, we estimate that Perucetus weighed 60-70 tons assuming a length 17 m. We calculated larger estimates potentially as much as 98-114 tons at 20 m in length, which is far less than the direct records of blue whale weights, or the 270 ton estimates that we calculated for body weights of the largest blue whales measured by length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Motani
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Nicholas D. Pyenson
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, District of Columbia, United States
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19
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Alzola-Andres M, Cerveny D, Domingo-Echaburu S, Lekube X, Ruiz-Sancho L, Brodin T, Orive G, Lertxundi U. Pharmaceutical residues in stranded dolphins in the Bay of Biscay. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:168570. [PMID: 37979850 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing concern about the presence of pharmaceuticals on the aquatic environment, while the marine environment has been much less investigated than in freshwater. Marine mammals are suitable sentinel species of the marine environment because they often feed at high trophic levels, have unique fat stores and long lifespan. Some small delphinids in particular serve as excellent sentinel species for contamination in the marine environment worldwide. To the best of our knowledge, no pharmaceuticals have been detected or reported in dolphins so far. In the present study, muscle, liver and blubber samples from three common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) and seven striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) stranded along the Basque Coast (northern Spain) were collected. A total of 95 pharmaceuticals based on detectability and predicted ability to bioaccumulate in fish were included in the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. At least one pharmaceutical was found in 70 % of the individuals. Only three of the 95 monitored pharmaceuticals were detected in dolphin's tissues. Very low concentrations (<1 ng/g) of orphenadrine and pizotifen were found in liver and promethazine in blubber. Herein, the gap in the knowledge regarding the study organisms and marine environments with respect to pharmaceutical pollution, which demands further research to understand if pharmaceuticals are a threat for these apex predators, is highlighted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Cerveny
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden; University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Saioa Domingo-Echaburu
- Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Debagoiena Integrated Health Organisation, Pharmacy Service, Nafarroa Hiribidea 16, 20500 Arrasate, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Xabier Lekube
- Biscay Bay Environmental Biospecimen Bank (BBEBB), Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza 47, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain; CBET+ Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Sarriena z/g, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Leire Ruiz-Sancho
- AMBAR Elkartea Organisation, Ondarreta Ibilbidea z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Tomas Brodin
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Unax Lertxundi
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba Mental Health Network, Araba Psychiatric Hospital, Pharmacy Service, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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20
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Schwacke LH, Thomas L, Wells RS, Rowles TK, Bossart GD, Townsend F, Mazzoil M, Allen JB, Balmer BC, Barleycorn AA, Barratclough A, Burt L, De Guise S, Fauquier D, Gomez FM, Kellar NM, Schwacke JH, Speakman TR, Stolen ED, Quigley BM, Zolman ES, Smith CR. An expert-based system to predict population survival rate from health data. Conserv Biol 2024; 38:e14073. [PMID: 36751981 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Timely detection and understanding of causes for population decline are essential for effective wildlife management and conservation. Assessing trends in population size has been the standard approach, but we propose that monitoring population health could prove more effective. We collated data from 7 bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) populations in the southeastern United States to develop a method for estimating survival probability based on a suite of health measures identified by experts as indices for inflammatory, metabolic, pulmonary, and neuroendocrine systems. We used logistic regression to implement the veterinary expert system for outcome prediction (VESOP) within a Bayesian analysis framework. We fitted parameters with records from 5 of the sites that had a robust network of responders to marine mammal strandings and frequent photographic identification surveys that documented definitive survival outcomes. We also conducted capture-mark-recapture (CMR) analyses of photographic identification data to obtain separate estimates of population survival rates for comparison with VESOP survival estimates. The VESOP analyses showed that multiple measures of health, particularly markers of inflammation, were predictive of 1- and 2-year individual survival. The highest mortality risk 1 year following health assessment related to low alkaline phosphatase (odds ratio [OR] = 10.2 [95% CI: 3.41-26.8]), whereas 2-year mortality was most influenced by elevated globulin (OR = 9.60 [95% CI: 3.88-22.4]); both are markers of inflammation. The VESOP model predicted population-level survival rates that correlated with estimated survival rates from CMR analyses for the same populations (1-year Pearson's r = 0.99, p = 1.52 × 10-5 ; 2-year r = 0.94, p = 0.001). Although our proposed approach will not detect acute mortality threats that are largely independent of animal health, such as harmful algal blooms, it can be used to detect chronic health conditions that increase mortality risk. Random sampling of the population is important and advancement in remote sampling methods could facilitate more random selection of subjects, obtainment of larger sample sizes, and extension of the approach to other wildlife species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori H Schwacke
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Len Thomas
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, The Observatory, St Andrews, UK
| | - Randall S Wells
- Chicago Zoological Society's Sarasota Dolphin Research Program, c/o Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, Florida, USA
| | - Teresa K Rowles
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Protected Resources, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Forrest Townsend
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Marilyn Mazzoil
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Vero Beach, Florida, USA
| | - Jason B Allen
- Chicago Zoological Society's Sarasota Dolphin Research Program, c/o Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, Florida, USA
| | - Brian C Balmer
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Aaron A Barleycorn
- Chicago Zoological Society's Sarasota Dolphin Research Program, c/o Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, Florida, USA
| | | | - Louise Burt
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, The Observatory, St Andrews, UK
| | - Sylvain De Guise
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Deborah Fauquier
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Protected Resources, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Forrest M Gomez
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Nicholas M Kellar
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - John H Schwacke
- Scientific Research Corporation, North Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Todd R Speakman
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Eric D Stolen
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Brian M Quigley
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Eric S Zolman
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Cynthia R Smith
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, California, USA
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21
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Lepper PA, Cheong SH, Robinson SP, Wang L, Tougaard J, Griffiths ET, Hartley JP. In-situ comparison of high-order detonations and low-order deflagration methodologies for underwater unexploded ordnance (UXO) disposal. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 199:115965. [PMID: 38219294 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The unexploded ordnance (UXO) on the seabed off Northwest Europe poses a hazard to offshore developments such as windfarms. The traditional removal method is through high-order detonation of a donor explosive charge placed adjacent to the UXO, which poses a risk of injury or death to marine mammals and other fauna from the high sound levels produced and is destructive to the seabed. This paper describes a sea-trial in the Danish Great Belt to compare the sound produced by high-order detonations with that produced by deflagration, a low-order disposal method that offers reduced environmental impact from noise. The results demonstrate a substantial reduction over high-order detonation, with the peak sound pressure level and sound exposure level being around 20 dB lower for the deflagration. The damage to the seabed was also considerably reduced for deflagration, although there was some evidence for residues of explosives related chemicals in sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sei-Him Cheong
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | | | - Lian Wang
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
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22
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Mathur M, Spiesberger JL, Pascoe D. Confidence intervals of location for marine mammal calls via time-differences-of-arrival: Sensitivity analysis. JASA Express Lett 2024; 4:021201. [PMID: 38299985 DOI: 10.1121/10.0024634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Confidence intervals of location (CIL) of calling marine mammals, derived from time-differences-of-arrival (TDOA) between receivers, depend on errors of TDOAs, receiver location, clocks, and sound speeds. Simulations demonstrate a time-differences-of-arrival-beamforming-locator (TDOA-BL) yields CIL in error by O(10-100) km for experimental scenarios because it is not designed to account for relevant errors. The errors are large and sometimes exceed the distances of detection. Another locator designed for all errors, sequential bound estimation, yields CIL always containing the true location. TDOA-BL have and are being used to understand potential effects of environmental stress on marine mammals; a use worth reconsidering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Mathur
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - John L Spiesberger
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, , ,
| | - Devin Pascoe
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, , ,
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23
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Numberger D, Siebert U, Valentin Weigand P. Survival and adaptation of Streptococcus phocae in host environments. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296368. [PMID: 38289941 PMCID: PMC10826952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine mammals are sentinel species representing the "health" of our oceans on which we are dependent. There are many threats to marine mammals including infectious diseases that increase with climate change and pollution of the marine environment. Streptococcus phocae has frequently been isolated from diseased or dead marine mammals. However, its pathogenicity and contribution to disease in marine mammals is still unknown. As bacteria including (potential) pathogens has to deal with different host environments during colonization or infection, we investigated the survival of S. phocae in fresh porcine and phocid blood, in seawater and in the presence of macrophages and (epithelial) cells from harbor seals and pigs. Furthermore, we tested adherence on and invasion of different (marine) mammalian cells by S. phocae. Our results showed that S. phocae can survive in seawater for at least 11 and 28 days at 16°C and 4°C, respectively. It is able to grow in blood of harbor and grey seals, but not in porcine blood. Furthermore, S. phocae is adherent and invasive to cells from seals and pigs, while the portion of invasive cells was higher in seal derived cells. Macrophages of harbor seals were more efficient in killing S. phocae than porcine macrophages. Our results indicate that S. phocae has strategies enabling it to adapt to the marine environment and seal hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Numberger
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ursula Siebert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buesum, Germany
| | - Peter Valentin Weigand
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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24
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Gazzellone A, Sangiorgi E. From Churchill to Elephants: The Role of Protective Genes against Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:118. [PMID: 38255007 PMCID: PMC10815068 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Richard Peto's paradox, first described in 1975 from an epidemiological perspective, established an inverse correlation between the probability of developing cancer in multicellular organisms and the number of cells. Larger animals exhibit fewer tumors compared to smaller ones, though exceptions exist. Mice are more susceptible to cancer than humans, while elephants and whales demonstrate significantly lower cancer prevalence rates than humans. How nature and evolution have addressed the issue of cancer in the animal kingdom remains largely unexplored. In the field of medicine, much attention has been devoted to cancer-predisposing genes, as they offer avenues for intervention, including blocking, downregulating, early diagnosis, and targeted treatment. Predisposing genes also tend to manifest clinically earlier and more aggressively, making them easier to identify. However, despite significant strides in modern medicine, the role of protective genes lags behind. Identifying genes with a mild predisposing effect poses a significant challenge. Consequently, comprehending the protective function conferred by genes becomes even more elusive, and their very existence is subject to questioning. While the role of variable expressivity and penetrance defects of the same variant in a family is well-documented for many hereditary cancer syndromes, attempts to delineate the function of protective/modifier alleles have been restricted to a few instances. In this review, we endeavor to elucidate the role of protective genes observed in the animal kingdom, within certain genetic syndromes that appear to act as cancer-resistant/repressor alleles. Additionally, we explore the role of protective alleles in conditions predisposing to cancer. The ultimate goal is to discern why individuals, like Winston Churchill, managed to live up to 91 years of age, despite engaging in minimal physical activity, consuming large quantities of alcohol daily, and not abstaining from smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugenio Sangiorgi
- Sezione di Medicina Genomica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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25
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Foord CS, Szabo D, Robb K, Clarke BO, Nugegoda D. Hepatic concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in dolphins from south-east Australia: Highest reported globally. Sci Total Environ 2024; 908:168438. [PMID: 37963535 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) concentrations were investigated in hepatic tissue of four dolphin species stranded along the south-east coast of Australia between 2006 and 2021; Burrunan dolphin (Tursiops australis), common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus), and short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis). Two Burrunan dolphin populations represented in the dataset have the highest reported global population concentrations of ∑25PFAS (Port Phillip Bay median 9750 ng/g ww, n = 3, and Gippsland Lakes median 3560 ng/g ww, n = 8), which were 50-100 times higher than the other species reported here; common bottlenose dolphin (50 ng/g ww, n = 9), Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (80 ng/g ww, n = 1), and short-beaked common dolphin (61 ng/g ww, n = 12). Also included in the results is the highest reported individual ∑25PFAS (19,500 ng/g ww) and PFOS (18,700 ng/g ww) concentrations, at almost 30 % higher than any other Cetacea reported globally. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was above method reporting limits for all samples (range; 5.3-18,700 ng/g ww), and constituted the highest contribution to overall ∑PFAS burdens with between 47 % and 99 % of the profile across the dataset. The concentrations of PFOS exceed published tentative critical concentrations (677-775 ng/g) in 42 % of all dolphins and 90 % of the critically endangered Burrunan dolphin. This research reports for the first time novel and emerging PFASs such as 6:2 Cl-PFESA, PFMPA, PFEECH and FBSA in marine mammals of the southern hemisphere, with high detection rates across the dataset. It is the first study to show the occurrence of PFAS in the tissues of multiple species of Cetacea from the Australasian region, demonstrating high global concentrations for inshore dolphins. Finally, it provides key baseline knowledge to the potential exposure and bioaccumulation of PFAS compounds within the coastal environment of south-east Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantel S Foord
- Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Bundoora, Australia; Marine Mammal Foundation, Mentone, VIC.
| | - Drew Szabo
- Australian Laboratory for Emerging Contaminants, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 16C, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kate Robb
- Marine Mammal Foundation, Mentone, VIC
| | - Bradley O Clarke
- Australian Laboratory for Emerging Contaminants, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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26
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Durante CA, Manhães B, Santos-Neto EB, Azevedo ADF, Crespo EA, Lailson-Brito J. Natural and anthropogenic organic brominated compounds in the southwestern Atlantic ocean: Bioaccumulation in coastal and oceanic dolphin species. Environ Pollut 2024; 341:123005. [PMID: 37995959 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Marine pollution is considered a current driver of change in the oceans and despite the urgency to develop more studies, there is limited information in the southern hemisphere. This study aimed to analyze the levels and profiles of natural (MeO-PBDEs) and anthropogenic (BFRs: PBDEs, HBB, PBEB) organic brominated compounds in adipose tissue of two species of dolphins with different distribution and trophic requirements from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean; the short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) and the Fraser's dolphin (Lagenodelphis hosei). In addition, we aim to investigate maternal transfer and biological pattern relationship (sex, age, sexual maturity) in short-beaked common dolphin bioaccumulation. The levels of both groups of contaminants were in the same order of magnitude as those reported for other marine mammals on both a regional and global scale. BFRs profiles were dominated by BDE 28 and BDE 47 in short-beaked common dolphin and Fraser's dolphin, respectively, whereas 2-MeO-BDE 68 was the most abundant natural compound in both species. Evidence of maternal transfer, temporary increase in BDE 154 levels and no influence of sex, age, or sexual maturity on brominated compound concentration was observed in short-beaked common dolphin. This study fills a gap in the knowledge of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean providing new information on emerging organic pollutants bioavailability for dolphins and, therefore, for the different trophic webs. In addition, it serves as a baseline for further contamination assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Alberto Durante
- Laboratorio de Mamíferos Marinos - Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR - CONICET), Bv. Brown 2915, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina.
| | - Bárbara Manhães
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores "Profa. Izabel Gurgel" (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20530-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Elitieri Batista Santos-Neto
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores "Profa. Izabel Gurgel" (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20530-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre de Freitas Azevedo
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores "Profa. Izabel Gurgel" (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20530-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Enrique Alberto Crespo
- Laboratorio de Mamíferos Marinos - Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR - CONICET), Bv. Brown 2915, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina.
| | - José Lailson-Brito
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores "Profa. Izabel Gurgel" (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20530-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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27
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Murphy EL, Gerber LR, Rochman CM, Polidoro B. A macroplastic vulnerability index for marine mammals, seabirds, and sea turtles in Hawai'i. Sci Total Environ 2024; 908:168247. [PMID: 37918749 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is having devastating consequences for marine organisms across the planet. However, the population level effects of macroplastic pollution remain difficult and costly to quantify. As a result, there is a need for alternative approaches to evaluate species risk to plastic pollution and inform management needs. We apply a trait-based framework for macroplastic pollution to develop a relative vulnerability index-informed by three dimensions: likelihood of exposure, species' sensitivity, and population resilience-for marine mammals, seabirds, and sea turtles found in Hawai'i. This index ranks 63 study species based on their population level vulnerability to macroplastic pollution, with the highest scoring species being the most vulnerable. Our results indicate that ducks, waders, and noddies with large populations were the least vulnerable to macroplastics, while the most vulnerable were the Hawaiian monk seal, sea turtles, baleen whales, and some albatross and petrel species. This index can inform species in need of population monitoring in Hawai'i, and direct other management priorities (e.g., locations for clean-ups or booms). More broadly, this work exemplifies the value of qualitative risk assessment approaches for better understanding the population level effects of macroplastic pollution and showcases how vulnerability indices can be used to inform management priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Murphy
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe Campus, Life Sciences Center A Wing 451 E Tyler Mall, Room 209, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States of America; Center for Biodiversity Outcomes, Arizona State University, Tempe Camus, Life Sciences Center A Wing 451 E Tyler Mall, Room 351, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States of America; Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Wilcocks St, Earth Sciences, Room 3054, Toronto, ON M5S3B2, Canada.
| | - Leah R Gerber
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe Campus, Life Sciences Center A Wing 451 E Tyler Mall, Room 209, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States of America; Center for Biodiversity Outcomes, Arizona State University, Tempe Camus, Life Sciences Center A Wing 451 E Tyler Mall, Room 351, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States of America
| | - Chelsea M Rochman
- Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Wilcocks St, Earth Sciences, Room 3054, Toronto, ON M5S3B2, Canada
| | - Beth Polidoro
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe Campus, Life Sciences Center A Wing 451 E Tyler Mall, Room 209, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States of America; Center for Biodiversity Outcomes, Arizona State University, Tempe Camus, Life Sciences Center A Wing 451 E Tyler Mall, Room 351, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States of America; School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, West Campus, PO Box 37100, Phoenix, AZ 85069-2352, United States of America
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28
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Ramos EA, Galves J, Searle L, Walker Z, Walker P, Castelblanco-Martínez N, Knowles B, Self-Sullivan C, Kiszka JJ. Agonistic interactions initiated by adult bottlenose dolphins on Antillean manatee calves in the Caribbean Sea. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295739. [PMID: 38198454 PMCID: PMC10781161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The dynamics and drivers of inter-species interactions in the wild are poorly understood, particularly those involving social animal species. Inter-species interactions between cetaceans and sirenians have rarely been documented and investigated. Here, we report 10 cases of interaction initiated by adult bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) towards Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus). Interactions were documented through behavioral observations in the wild (n = 7) and from the examination of orphaned calves (i.e., tooth rake marks on their body; n = 4) that entered a rehabilitation facility, one individual both observed interacting with dolphins and found stranded with bite marks. Bottlenose dolphins were observed interacting with orphan manatee calves and with mother-calf pairs, exhibiting agonistic behavior (n = 2), affiliative or neutral behaviors (n = 1), but the behavioral contexts of these interactions remain unclear in most cases (n = 7). Information on stranded individuals was collected from four calves (of 13 examined calves) recovered in poor condition with bottlenose dolphin tooth rakes and bite wounds on their bodies, one of which died. Injury from bite wounds varied in extent and severity, ranging from superficial scratches leaving rake marks to deep lacerations. Our findings suggest the regular occurrence of agonistic behaviors initiated by adult bottlenose dolphins and directed toward manatee calves. However, the drivers of these interactions remain unknown and need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Ramos
- The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- Fundación Internacional para la Naturaleza y la Sustentabilidad, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Jamal Galves
- Clearwater Marine Aquarium Research Institute, Belize City, Belize
| | | | - Zoe Walker
- Wildtracks, La Isla, Sarteneja Village, Corozal, Belize
| | - Paul Walker
- Wildtracks, La Isla, Sarteneja Village, Corozal, Belize
| | - Nataly Castelblanco-Martínez
- Fundación Internacional para la Naturaleza y la Sustentabilidad, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de Quintana Roo, Departamento de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Brittany Knowles
- Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | - Caryn Self-Sullivan
- Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jeremy J. Kiszka
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, United States of America
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29
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Thibault M, Letourneur Y, Cleguer C, Bonneville C, Briand MJ, Derville S, Bustamante P, Garrigue C. C and N stable isotopes enlighten the trophic behaviour of the dugong (Dugong dugon). Sci Rep 2024; 14:896. [PMID: 38195771 PMCID: PMC10776846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50578-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The dugong (Dugong dugon), a large marine mammal herbivore of the Indo-Pacific, is vulnerable to extinction at a global scale due to a combination of human-related threats including habitat degradation. The species forages on seagrass habitats (marine phanerogams) and plays a key role in the functioning and sensitivity of these declining coastal ecosystems. The trophic behaviour and plasticity of dugong populations in response to extrinsic and intrinsic factors are therefore crucial features to both dugong and seagrass conservation. Yet, this knowledge remains limited to few visual observations and analyses of mouth, stomach or faecal contents of stranded individuals. We take advantage of a long-term monitoring of stranded individuals from the endangered New Caledonian population to depict features of dugongs' trophic ecology from Carbon and Nitrogen stable isotopes. A total of 59 dugong skin samples were used to portrait the stable isotope niche of dugongs according to their sex and maturity. In light of previous work conducted in New Caledonia, a subset of these samples was used to model the trophic mix of dugong males and females. Our stable isotope mixing models used C and N isotope values of 10 taxa bbelonging to five divisions of metazoans, plants, and chromists. Our results represent the first estimate of the species dietary niche in the isotopic space. They suggest that the diet of dugong calves overlaps more with that of adult females (δ13C: - 6.38 ± 1.13 ‰; δ15N: 2.49 ± 1.10 ‰) than males (δ13C: - 5.92 ± 1.10 ‰; δ15N: 3.69 ± 1.28 ‰). Further, we highlight differences in the expected trophic mix of dugong adult males and females. From these, we formulate a sex-specific foraging behaviour hypothesis in dugongs, whereby lactating females could forage over smaller spatial ranges but more diverse food sources thanmales. The study emphasizes the importance of long-term stranding monitoring programs to study the ecology of marine mammals.. Finally, it depicts an ecological feature that may contribute to the sensitivity of vulnerable dugongs to ongoing changes on tropical coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Thibault
- Centre d'Écologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Station de Biologie Marine, 1 Place de la Croix, 29900, Concarneau, France.
- UMR ENTROPIE (UR-IRD-IFREMER-CNRS-UNC), Labex-CORAIL, 98800, Nouméa, New Caledonia.
| | - Yves Letourneur
- UMR ENTROPIE (UR-IRD-IFREMER-CNRS-UNC), Labex-CORAIL, 98800, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Christophe Cleguer
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research (TropWATER), James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Claire Bonneville
- UMR ENTROPIE (UR-IRD-IFREMER-CNRS-UNC), Labex-CORAIL, 98800, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Marine J Briand
- CRIOBE, USR 3278 EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, LabEx « Corail », PSL Research University, Université de Perpignan, Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Solène Derville
- UMR ENTROPIE (UR-IRD-IFREMER-CNRS-UNC), Labex-CORAIL, 98800, Nouméa, New Caledonia
- Opération Cétacés, BP 12827, 98802, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral Environnement Et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000, La Rochelle, France
| | - Claire Garrigue
- UMR ENTROPIE (UR-IRD-IFREMER-CNRS-UNC), Labex-CORAIL, 98800, Nouméa, New Caledonia
- Opération Cétacés, BP 12827, 98802, Nouméa, New Caledonia
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30
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Ouzoulias F, Bousquet N, Genu M, Gilles A, Spitz J, Authier M. Development of a new control rule for managing anthropogenic removals of protected, endangered or threatened species in marine ecosystems. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16688. [PMID: 38192603 PMCID: PMC10773452 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Human activities in the oceans are increasing and can result in additional mortality on many marine Protected, Endangered or Threatened Species (PETS). It is necessary to implement ambitious measures that aim to restore biodiversity at all nodes of marine food webs and to manage removals resulting from anthropogenic activities. We developed a stochastic surplus production model (SPM) linking abundance and removal processes under the assumption that variations in removals reflect variations in abundance. We then consider several 'harvest' control rules, included two candidate ones derived from this SPM (which we called 'Anthropogenic Removals Threshold', or ART), to manage removals of PETS. The two candidate rules hinge on the estimation of a stationary removal rate. We compared these candidate rules to other existing control rules (e.g. potential biological removal or a fixed percentage rule) in three scenarios: (i) a base scenario whereby unbiased but noisy data are available, (ii) scenario whereby abundance estimates are overestimated and (iii) scenario whereby abundance estimates are underestimated. The different rules were tested on a simulated set of data with life-history parameters close to a small-sized cetacean species of conservation interest in the North-East Atlantic, the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), and in a management strategy evaluation framework. The effectiveness of the rules were assessed by looking at performance metrics, such as time to reach the conservation objectives, the removal limits obtained with the rules or temporal autocorrelation in removal limits. Most control rules were robust against biases in data and allowed to reach conservation objectives with removal limits of similar magnitude when averaged over time. However, one of the candidate rule (ART) displayed greater alignment with policy requirements for PETS such as minimizing removals over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Ouzoulias
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), UMR 8067 - MNHN, CNRS, IRD, SU, UCN, UA, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Bousquet
- Laboratoire Probabilités, Statistiques et Modélisation, UMR 8001 CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Genu
- Observatoire Pelagis UAR 3462 CNRS, La Rochelle University, La Rochelle, France
| | - Anita Gilles
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, Büsum, Germany
| | - Jérôme Spitz
- Observatoire Pelagis UAR 3462 CNRS, La Rochelle University, La Rochelle, France
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS - La Rochelle University, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Matthieu Authier
- Observatoire Pelagis UAR 3462 CNRS, La Rochelle University, La Rochelle, France
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31
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Romero MB, Polizzi PS, Chiodi L, Dolagaratz A, Gerpe M. Legacy and emerging contaminants in marine mammals from Argentina. Sci Total Environ 2024; 906:167561. [PMID: 37802361 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Marine mammals are recognized sentinels of ecosystem health. They are susceptible to the accumulation and biomagnification of pollutants, which constitute one of the greatest threats to their survival. Legacy, such as organochlorine pesticides, and emerging contaminants, like microplastics and pharmaceuticals, may have effects on marine mammals' health at individual and population levels. Therefore, the evaluation of the risks associated with pollutants in this group is of great importance. The aim of this review is to provide information on the occurrence of legacy and emerging contaminants in marine mammals that inhabit Argentine waters. Also, to identify knowledge gaps and suggest best practices for future research. Reports of legacy contaminants referring to organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls were found in five species of cetaceans and two of pinnipeds. With respect to emerging pollutants, the presence of plastics was only evaluated in three species. Reported data was from at least a decade ago. Therefore, it is necessary to update existing information and conduct continuous monitoring to assess temporary trends in pollutants. All the studies were carried out in the province of Buenos Aires and Northern Patagonia indicating a knowledge gap in the southern zone of the Argentine Sea. In addition, pollutants of global environmental concern that have not been studied in Argentina are discussed. Future studies should fill these gaps and a greater effort to understand the relationships between pollutants and their effects on marine mammals is suggested. This issue will make it possible to determine thresholds for all the substances and species evaluated in order to carry out more detailed risk assessments and make decisions for the conservation of marine mammals in Argentine waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Romero
- Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Funes 3350, CC7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - P S Polizzi
- Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Funes 3350, CC7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - L Chiodi
- Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Funes 3350, CC7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - A Dolagaratz
- Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Funes 3350, CC7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - M Gerpe
- Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Funes 3350, CC7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
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Bennion RF, Maxwell EE, Lambert O, Fischer V. Craniodental ecomorphology of the large Jurassic ichthyosaurian Temnodontosaurus. J Anat 2024; 244:22-41. [PMID: 37591692 PMCID: PMC10734653 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine amniotes have played many crucial roles in ocean ecosystems since the Triassic, including predation at the highest trophic levels. One genus often placed into this guild is the large Early Jurassic neoichthyosaurian Temnodontosaurus, the only post-Triassic ichthyosaurian known with teeth which bear a distinct cutting edge or carina. This taxonomically problematic genus is currently composed of seven species which show a wide variety of skull and tooth morphologies. Here we assess the craniodental disparity in Temnodontosaurus using a series of functionally informative traits. We describe the range of tooth morphologies in the genus in detail, including the first examples of serrated carinae in ichthyosaurians. These consist of false denticles created by the interaction of enamel ridgelets with the carinal keel, as well as possible cryptic true denticles only visible using scanning electron microscopy. We also find evidence for heterodonty in the species T. platyodon, with unicarinate mesial teeth likely playing a role in prey capture and labiolingually compressed, bicarinate distal teeth likely involved in prey processing. This type of heterodonty appears to be convergent with a series of other marine amniotes including early cetaceans. Overall, the species currently referred to as the genus Temnodontosaurus show a range of craniodental configurations allowing prey to be captured and processed in different ways - for example, T. eurycephalus has a deep snout and relatively small bicarinate teeth likely specialised for increased wound infliction and grip-and-tear feeding, whereas T. platyodon has a more elongate yet robust snout and larger teeth and may be more adapted for grip-and-shear feeding. These results suggest the existence of niche partitioning at higher trophic levels in Early Jurassic ichthyosaurians and have implications for future work on the taxonomy of this wastebasket genus, as well as for research into the ecology of other extinct megapredatory marine tetrapods.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Bennion
- Evolution & Diversity Dynamics Lab, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
- OD Earth and History of Life, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - E E Maxwell
- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - O Lambert
- OD Earth and History of Life, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - V Fischer
- Evolution & Diversity Dynamics Lab, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Polizzi P, Romero MB, Chiodi Boudet L, Dolagaratz Carricavur A, Gerpe M. What do small cetaceans tell us about trace elements pollution on the Argentinean coast? Franciscana dolphin as a biomonitor. Sci Total Environ 2024; 906:167428. [PMID: 37793446 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements (TEs) constitute the oldest emerging pollutants globally, most occur from natural sources, but a few are derived from anthropogenic sources. Marine mammals are considered bioindicators of ecosystem contamination. The aims of this review is compile reports on essential and nonessential TEs occurrence in small cetaceans from Argentinean waters; and to review the existing information on the concentration of TEs in the Franciscana dolphin, a biomonitor species of the Argentine coastal marine ecosystem. We searched reports where levels of TEs were present in small cetaceans from and eight species were analysed: Pontoporia blainvillei, Tursiops truncatus gephyreus, Kogia breviceps, Delphinus delphis, Lagenorhynchus obscurus, Lagenodelphis hasei, Cephaloryhchus commersonii and Ziphius cavirostris. Essential TEs like Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Mo, Se, As, Au, Ag, Sn, and nonessential TE as Pb, Cd, Hg, As was considered. The reports compiled in this article analysed kidney, liver, muscle and occasionally brain, skin, lung and spleen, covering a temporal range of 30 years, from 1982 to 2016. Of data analysis, we identify knowledge gaps, species of small cetaceans for which the concentration of trace metals is not yet known and areas on the Argentine coast where there are no reports that analyse them. The most recent information corresponds to the 2010 decade, and in those subsequent publications, the samples were taken at that time. This emphasizes the importance of reviewing this data, in order to compare old and new datasets, create contamination timelines and evaluate possible increases or decreases of contaminants in different study areas. The information recopilated will serve as valuable baselines to detect the future impact of increasing human, even natural, activities on marine ecosystems in the South Atlantic Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Polizzi
- Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Funes 3250, CC1260, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - M B Romero
- Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Funes 3250, CC1260, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - L Chiodi Boudet
- Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Funes 3250, CC1260, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - A Dolagaratz Carricavur
- Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Funes 3250, CC1260, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - M Gerpe
- Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Funes 3250, CC1260, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
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Formoso KK, Habib MB, Vélez-Juarbe J. The Role of Locomotory Ancestry on Secondarily Aquatic Transitions. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:1140-1153. [PMID: 37591628 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Land-to-sea evolutionary transitions are great transformations where terrestrial amniote clades returned to aquatic environments. These secondarily aquatic amniote clades include charismatic marine mammal and marine reptile groups, as well as countless semi-aquatic forms that modified their terrestrial locomotor anatomy to varying degrees to be suited for swimming via axial and/or appendicular propulsion. The terrestrial ancestors of secondarily aquatic groups would have started off swimming strikingly differently from one another given their evolutionary histories, as inferred by the way modern terrestrial amniotes swim. With such stark locomotor functional differences between reptiles and mammals, we ask if this impacted these transitions. Axial propulsion appears favored by aquatic descendants of terrestrially sprawling quadrupedal reptiles, with exceptions. Appendicular propulsion is more prevalent across the aquatic descendants of ancestrally parasagittal-postured mammals, particularly early transitioning forms. Ancestral terrestrial anatomical differences that precede secondarily aquatic invasions between mammals and reptiles, as well as the distribution of axial and appendicular swimming in secondarily aquatic clades, may indicate that ancestral terrestrial locomotor anatomy played a role, potentially in both constraint and facilitation, in certain aquatic locomotion styles. This perspective of the land-to-sea transition can lead to new avenues of functional, biomechanical, and developmental study of secondarily aquatic transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiersten K Formoso
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, 3651 Trousedale Pkwy, Zumberge Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Dinosaur Institute, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90007-4057, USA
| | - Michael B Habib
- Dinosaur Institute, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90007-4057, USA
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Division of Cardiology, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 660, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jorge Vélez-Juarbe
- Department of Mammalogy, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Blvd, Los Angelss, CA 90007-4057, USA
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Abubakr H, Lashab A, Mohamed TH, Vasquez JC, Guerrero JM, Dahab YA. Robust SMC-PSS and AVR design: A grid connected solar concentrated OTEC system application. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295941. [PMID: 38134013 PMCID: PMC10745166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This work analyzes the stability and performance of an offshore solar-concentrated ocean thermal energy conversion system (SC-OTEC) tied to an onshore AC grid. The OTEC is a system where electricity is generated using small temperature differences between the warm surface and deep cold ocean water. Existing control methods for SC-OTEC systems lack coordination, hindering dynamic stability and effective damping for the synchronous generator (SG). These methods struggle to quickly adapt to sudden disturbances and lack the capability to adequately reject or compensate for such disturbances due to complex control constraints and computational demands. To this regard, a control strategy combining sliding mode control (SMC) and a power system stabilizer (PSS) to improve the SC-OTEC dynamic stability and damping features for the SG. Moreover, an auxiliary secondary automatic voltage regulator is assembled with a non-linear exciter system to provide damping features. The proposed PID-PSS and secondary AVR controller gains are adaptively tuned using a modified whale optimization algorithm with the balloon effect modulation. The studied SC-OTEC is tested through MATLAB/Simulink under a severe 3ϕ short-circuit fault, solar radiation variations, and a change in surface seawater temperature as well as changes in local loads. The final findings approved that the proposed control strategy preserves a strong performance and can mimic effectively the proposed SC-OTEC damping compared to the conventional system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Abubakr
- Centre for Research on Microgrids (CROM), AAU Energy, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Faculty of Energy Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Abderezak Lashab
- Centre for Research on Microgrids (CROM), AAU Energy, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Tarek Hassan Mohamed
- Faculty of Energy Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Juan C. Vasquez
- Centre for Research on Microgrids (CROM), AAU Energy, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Josep M. Guerrero
- Centre for Research on Microgrids (CROM), AAU Energy, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Yasser Ahmed Dahab
- College of Computing and Information Technology, Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport, Giza Governorate, Egypt
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Vidal LG, De Oliveira-Ferreira N, Torres JPM, Azevedo AF, Meirelles ACO, Flach L, Domit C, Fragoso ABL, Lima Silva FJ, Carvalho VL, Marcondes M, Barbosa LA, Cremer MJ, Malm O, Lailson-Brito J, Eljarrat E. Brominated flame retardants and natural organobrominated compounds in a vulnerable delphinid species along the Brazilian coast. Sci Total Environ 2023; 905:167704. [PMID: 37820801 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Guiana dolphins, Sotalia guianensis, are vulnerable to extinction along their distribution on the Brazilian coast and assessing chemical pollution is of utmost importance for their conservation. For this study, 51 carcasses of Guiana dolphins were sampled across the Brazilian coast to investigate legacy and emerging brominated flame retardants (BFRs) as well as the naturally-produced MeO-BDEs. PBDEs and MeO-BDEs were detected in all samples analyzed, whereas emerging BFRs were detected in 16 % of the samples, all in Rio de Janeiro state. PBDE concentrations varied between 2.24 and 799 ng.g-1 lipid weight (lw), emerging BFRs between 0.12 and 1.51 ng.g-1 lw and MeO-BDEs between 3.82 and 10,247 ng.g-1 lw. Concentrations of legacy and emerging BFRs and natural compounds varied considerably according to the sampling site and reflected both the local anthropogenic impact of the region and the diversity/mass of biosynthesizers. The PBDE concentrations are lower than what was found for delphinids in the Northern Hemisphere around the same sampling period and most sampling sites presented mean concentrations lower than the limits for endocrine disruption known to date for marine mammals of 460 ng.g-1 lw, except for sampled from Santa Catarina state, in Southern Brazil. Conversely, MeO-BDE concentrations are higher than those of the Northern Hemisphere, particularly close to the Abrolhos Bans and Royal Charlotte formation, that are hotspots for biodiversity. Despite the elevated concentrations reported for this group, there is not much information regarding the effects of such elevated concentrations for these marine mammals. The distinct patterns observed along the Brazilian coast show that organobrominated compounds can be used to identify the ecological segregation of delphinids and that conservation actions should be planned considering the local threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara G Vidal
- Aquatic Mammal and Bioindicator Laboratory Professora Izabel Gurgel (MAQUA), School of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524/ 4002-E, Maracanã, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Radioisotope Laboratory Eduardo Penna Franca (LREPF), Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil; Pós-graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos, Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil; Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Paraná, Brazil
| | - Nara De Oliveira-Ferreira
- Aquatic Mammal and Bioindicator Laboratory Professora Izabel Gurgel (MAQUA), School of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524/ 4002-E, Maracanã, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - João Paulo M Torres
- Radioisotope Laboratory Eduardo Penna Franca (LREPF), Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | - Alexandre F Azevedo
- Aquatic Mammal and Bioindicator Laboratory Professora Izabel Gurgel (MAQUA), School of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524/ 4002-E, Maracanã, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina O Meirelles
- Marine Mammal Conservation Program, Associação de Pesquisa e Preservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos, Caucaia, Ceará, Brazil; Tropical Marine Sciences Graduate Program, Marine Sciences Institute, Ceará Federal University, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Flach
- Instituto Boto Cinza, Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro 23860-000, Brazil
| | - Camila Domit
- Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Bernadete L Fragoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Naturais/Projeto Cetáceos da Costa Branca-Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (UERN)/Projeto Golfinho Rotador, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Flávio J Lima Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Naturais/Projeto Cetáceos da Costa Branca-Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (UERN)/Projeto Golfinho Rotador, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Vítor Luz Carvalho
- Associação de Pesquisa e Preservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos (AQUASIS), Caucaia, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Lupércio A Barbosa
- Environmental Awareness Organization (ORCA), Rua São Paulo, 23, Praia da Costa, Vila Velha, ES 29101-315, Brazil
| | - Marta J Cremer
- Ecology and Conservation Laboratory for Marine and Coastal Tetrapods, University of Joinville Region (UNIVILLE), São Francisco do Sul, Rod. Duque de Caxias, 6365, Iperoba, São Francisco do Sul 89240-000, SC, Brazil
| | - Olaf Malm
- Radioisotope Laboratory Eduardo Penna Franca (LREPF), Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | - José Lailson-Brito
- Aquatic Mammal and Bioindicator Laboratory Professora Izabel Gurgel (MAQUA), School of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524/ 4002-E, Maracanã, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ethel Eljarrat
- Environmental and Water Chemistry for Human Health, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
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Looby A, Erbe C, Bravo S, Cox K, Davies HL, Di Iorio L, Jézéquel Y, Juanes F, Martin CW, Mooney TA, Radford C, Reynolds LK, Rice AN, Riera A, Rountree R, Spriel B, Stanley J, Vela S, Parsons MJG. Global inventory of species categorized by known underwater sonifery. Sci Data 2023; 10:892. [PMID: 38110417 PMCID: PMC10728183 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02745-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A working group from the Global Library of Underwater Biological Sounds effort collaborated with the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) to create an inventory of species confirmed or expected to produce sound underwater. We used several existing inventories and additional literature searches to compile a dataset categorizing scientific knowledge of sonifery for 33,462 species and subspecies across marine mammals, other tetrapods, fishes, and invertebrates. We found 729 species documented as producing active and/or passive sounds under natural conditions, with another 21,911 species deemed likely to produce sounds based on evaluated taxonomic relationships. The dataset is available on both figshare and WoRMS where it can be regularly updated as new information becomes available. The data can also be integrated with other databases (e.g., SeaLifeBase, Global Biodiversity Information Facility) to advance future research on the distribution, evolution, ecology, management, and conservation of underwater soniferous species worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Looby
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Nature Coast Biological Station, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Cedar Key, FL, USA.
| | - Christine Erbe
- Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Santiago Bravo
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Kieran Cox
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Hailey L Davies
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Lucia Di Iorio
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, CNRS, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Youenn Jézéquel
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Francis Juanes
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Charles W Martin
- Nature Coast Biological Station, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Cedar Key, FL, USA
- Stokes School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of South Alabama and Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, AL, USA
| | - T Aran Mooney
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Craig Radford
- Institute of Marine Science, Leigh Marine Laboratory, University of Auckland, Warkworth, New Zealand
| | - Laura K Reynolds
- Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aaron N Rice
- K. Lisa Yang Center for Conservation Bioacoustics, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Amalis Riera
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Rodney Rountree
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- The Fish Listener, Waquoit, MA, USA
| | - Brittnie Spriel
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Jenni Stanley
- Coastal Marine Field Station, School of Science, University of Waikato, Tauranga, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Vela
- MERIDIAN, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Si H, Tucciarone CM, Cecchinato M, Legnardi M, Mazzariol S, Centelleghe C. Comparison between Sampling Techniques for Virological Molecular Analyses: Dolphin Morbillivirus and Herpesvirus Detection from FTA ® Card and Frozen Tissue. Viruses 2023; 15:2422. [PMID: 38140663 PMCID: PMC10747605 DOI: 10.3390/v15122422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Stranded animals offer valuable information on marine mammal physiology and pathology; however, the decomposition state of the carcasses and lack of a rigorous cold chain for sample preservation can sometimes discourage diagnostic analyses based on nucleic acid detection. The present paper aims at evaluating the reliability of FTA® card tissue imprints as an alternative matrix to frozen tissues for virological analyses based on biomolecular methods. Given the contribution of Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) to strandings and the increase of herpesvirus detection in cetaceans, these two pathogens were selected as representative of RNA and DNA viruses. Dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) and herpesvirus presence was investigated in parallel on tissue imprints on FTA® cards and frozen tissues collected during necropsy of dolphins stranded in Italy. Samples were analysed by nested RT-PCR for DMV and nested-PCR for herpesvirus. Only one animal was positive for herpesvirus, hampering further considerations on this virus. DMV was detected in all animals, both in FTA® card imprints and tissue samples, with differences possibly related to the decomposition condition category of the carcasses. Tissue sampling on FTA® cards seems a promising alternative to frozen tissues for biomolecular analyses, especially when ensuring adequate storage and shipment conditions for frozen tissues is difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Si
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (H.S.); (M.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Claudia Maria Tucciarone
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (H.S.); (M.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Mattia Cecchinato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (H.S.); (M.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Matteo Legnardi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (H.S.); (M.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Sandro Mazzariol
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (S.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Cinzia Centelleghe
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (S.M.); (C.C.)
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Cusano DA, Wiley D, Zeh JM, Kerr I, Pensarosa A, Zadra C, Shorter KA, Parks SE. Acoustic recording tags provide insight into the springtime acoustic behavior of sei whales in Massachusetts Bay. J Acoust Soc Am 2023; 154:3543-3555. [PMID: 38038616 DOI: 10.1121/10.0022570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The acoustic ecology of sei whales (Balaenoptera borealis) is poorly understood due to limited direct observation of the behavioral context of sound production and individual behavior. Suction cup-attached acoustic recording tags were deployed on sei whales to unambiguously assign call types and explore the acoustic behavior of this endangered species. Twelve tag deployments resulted in ∼173 h of acoustic data and 1030 calls. Sound types included downsweeps and three previously undescribed call types. Knocks were short duration (<1 s), with an average peak frequency of 330 Hz. Pulse type 1 and pulse type 2 calls, typically produced in sequences, were short in duration (0.08 and 0.28 s) and low in average peak frequency (50 and 26 Hz), with relatively high received levels. Average call rates for all call types combined were three calls per hour, but increased during twilight. Sex differences in call type usage included a higher use of pulses by females and knocks by males. Calls were almost exclusively produced at depths <10 m, although whales rarely dove deeper in this study. These data provide a more comprehensive picture of the acoustic and behavioral ecology of sei whales than previously possible, which can inform future conservation efforts for this endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana A Cusano
- National Marine Sanctuary Foundation, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, USA
| | - David Wiley
- Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, Scituate, Massachusetts 02066, USA
| | - Julia M Zeh
- Biology Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - Iain Kerr
- Ocean Alliance, Gloucester, Massachusetts 01930, USA
| | | | - Chris Zadra
- Ocean Alliance, Gloucester, Massachusetts 01930, USA
| | - K Alex Shorter
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Susan E Parks
- Biology Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
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40
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Frankish CK, von Benda-Beckmann AM, Teilmann J, Tougaard J, Dietz R, Sveegaard S, Binnerts B, de Jong CAF, Nabe-Nielsen J. Ship noise causes tagged harbour porpoises to change direction or dive deeper. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 197:115755. [PMID: 37976591 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Shipping is the most pervasive source of marine noise pollution globally, yet its impact on sensitive fauna remains unclear. We tracked 10 harbour porpoises for 5-10 days to determine exposure and behavioural reactions to modelled broadband noise (10 Hz-20 kHz, VHF-weighted) from individual ships monitored by AIS. Porpoises spent a third of their time experiencing ship noise above ambient, to which they regularly reacted by moving away during daytime and diving deeper during night. However, even ships >2 km away (noise levels of 93 ± 14 dB re 1 μPa2) caused animals to react 5-9 % of the time (∼18.6 ships/day). Ships can thus influence the behaviour and habitat use of cetaceans over long distances, with worrying implications for fitness in coastal areas where anthropogenic noise from dense ship traffic repeatedly disrupt their natural behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin K Frankish
- Marine Mammal Research Section, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Alexander M von Benda-Beckmann
- Acoustics and Sonar Research Group, Netherlands Organization for Applied and Scientific Research (TNO), The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Jonas Teilmann
- Marine Mammal Research Section, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jakob Tougaard
- Marine Mammal Research Section, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Rune Dietz
- Marine Mammal Research Section, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Signe Sveegaard
- Marine Mammal Research Section, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Bas Binnerts
- Acoustics and Sonar Research Group, Netherlands Organization for Applied and Scientific Research (TNO), The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Christ A F de Jong
- Acoustics and Sonar Research Group, Netherlands Organization for Applied and Scientific Research (TNO), The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Jacob Nabe-Nielsen
- Marine Mammal Research Section, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
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41
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McCowan B, Hubbard J, Walker L, Sharpe F, Frediani J, Doyle L. Interactive bioacoustic playback as a tool for detecting and exploring nonhuman intelligence: "conversing" with an Alaskan humpback whale. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16349. [PMID: 38047015 PMCID: PMC10693240 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we report on a rare and opportunistic acoustic turn-taking with an adult female humpback whale, known as Twain, in Southeast Alaska. Post hoc acoustic and statistical analyses of a 20-min acoustic exchange between the broadcast of a recorded contact call, known as a 'whup/throp', with call responses by Twain revealed an intentional human-whale acoustic (and behavioral) interaction. Our results show that Twain participated both physically and acoustically in three phases of interaction (Phase 1: Engagement, Phase 2: Agitation, Phase 3: Disengagement), independently determined by blind observers reporting on surface behavior and respiratory activity of the interacting whale. A close examination of both changes to the latency between Twain's calls and the temporal matching to the latency of the exemplar across phases indicated that Twain was actively engaged in the exchange during Phase 1 (Engagement), less so during Phase 2 (Agitation), and disengaged during Phase 3 (Disengagement). These results, while preliminary, point to several key considerations for effective playback design, namely the importance of salient, dynamic and adaptive playbacks, that should be utilized in experimentation with whales and other interactive nonhuman species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda McCowan
- SVM: Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Josephine Hubbard
- Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Lisa Walker
- Grooved Whale Project, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fred Sharpe
- Alaska Whale Foundation, Petersburg, Alaska, United States
| | - Jodi Frediani
- Jodi Frediani Photography, Santa Cruz, California, United States
| | - Laurance Doyle
- SETI Institute, Mountain View, California, United States
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42
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Ahmed FR, Alsenany SA, Abdelaliem SMF, Deif MA. Development of a hybrid LSTM with chimp optimization algorithm for the pressure ventilator prediction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20927. [PMID: 38017008 PMCID: PMC10684522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47837-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The utilization of mechanical ventilation is of utmost importance in the management of individuals afflicted with severe pulmonary conditions. During periods of a pandemic, it becomes imperative to build ventilators that possess the capability to autonomously adapt parameters over the course of treatment. In order to fulfil this requirement, a research investigation was undertaken with the aim of forecasting the magnitude of pressure applied on the patient by the ventilator. The aforementioned forecast was derived from a comprehensive analysis of many variables, including the ventilator's characteristics and the patient's medical state. This analysis was conducted utilizing a sophisticated computational model referred to as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). To enhance the predictive accuracy of the LSTM model, the researchers utilized the Chimp Optimization method (ChoA) method. The integration of LSTM and ChoA led to the development of the LSTM-ChoA model, which successfully tackled the issue of hyperparameter selection for the LSTM model. The experimental results revealed that the LSTM-ChoA model exhibited superior performance compared to alternative optimization algorithms, namely whale grey wolf optimizer (GWO), optimization algorithm (WOA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Additionally, the LSTM-ChoA model outperformed regression models, including K-nearest neighbor (KNN) Regressor, Random and Forest (RF) Regressor, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) Regressor, in accurately predicting ventilator pressure. The findings indicate that the suggested predictive model, LSTM-ChoA, demonstrates a reduced mean square error (MSE) value. Specifically, when comparing ChoA with GWO, the MSE fell by around 14.8%. Furthermore, when comparing ChoA with PSO and WOA, the MSE decreased by approximately 60%. Additionally, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) findings revealed that the p-value for the LSTM-ChoA model was 0.000, which is less than the predetermined significance level of 0.05. This indicates that the results of the LSTM-ChoA model are statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Refaat Ahmed
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Critical Care and Emergency Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samira Ahmed Alsenany
- Department of Community Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sally Mohammed Farghaly Abdelaliem
- Department of Nursing Management and Education, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohanad A Deif
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, College of Information Technology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October City, 12566, Egypt
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43
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Rothenberg SE, Beechler BR, Burco JD, Rae S, Steingass SM, Barton D, Johns JL, Russell DS, Deignan K, Blackledge MM, Nation A. Associations between urogenital carcinoma and DECA-BDE (BDE-209) among wild California Sea lions (Zalophus californianus) and Steller Sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus). Sci Total Environ 2023; 900:166412. [PMID: 37611708 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Urogenital carcinoma (UGC) is prevalent among California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), while less is known concerning UGC among Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus). Our objective was to investigate associations between UGC and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) among both sea lion species. Twenty-nine California sea lions and 20 Steller sea lions were lethally removed from the Columbia River Basin, Oregon, USA between 2020 and 2021, under Section 120 of the Marine Mammal Protection Act. UGC was diagnosed through gross necropsy and histopathology. Forty PBDE congeners were analyzed in blubber, including BDE-209, a potential carcinogen. Twenty (69 %) California sea lions and one (5 %) Steller sea lion were diagnosed with UGC. All cases were identified as early stage UGC, aside from one California sea lion with more advanced stage UGC. Among California sea lions, associations between PBDEs and UGC were analyzed using logistic regression. In the adjusted model, BDE-209 (log2-transformed) was associated with increased odds of UGC [Odds Ratio (OR): 4.68, 95 % confidence interval: 1.04, 21.0, OR p-value = 0.044). This is the first study to report BDE-209 concentrations in sea lion blubber. The percentages of California and Steller sea lions diagnosed with UGC were higher than expected for wild (non-stranded) sea lions. Our results suggested blubber BDE-209 was potentially associated with UGC in California sea lions in the Columbia River Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Rothenberg
- Oregon State University, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
| | - Brianna R Beechler
- Oregon State University, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
| | - Julia D Burco
- Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97330, United States.
| | - Samantha Rae
- Oregon State University, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
| | - Sheanna M Steingass
- Oregon State University, College of Agricultural Sciences, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
| | - Dianne Barton
- Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission, Portland, OR 97232, United States.
| | - Jennifer L Johns
- Oregon State University, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
| | - Duncan S Russell
- Oregon State University, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
| | - Kristen Deignan
- Oregon State University, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
| | - Megan M Blackledge
- Oregon State University, College of Science, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
| | - Autumn Nation
- Oregon State University, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
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44
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TAKUBO K, SHIRAKATA C. A case of cold agglutinin disease in a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:1245-1251. [PMID: 37779092 PMCID: PMC10686766 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold agglutinin disease, one of the serological classifications of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, is caused by the production of autoantibodies that react with erythrocytes at low temperatures. A captive bottlenose dolphin presented with regenerative and hemolytic anemia. Anticoagulated whole blood was agglutinated at room temperature (approximately 18°C), with reversal of agglutination on warming to 37°C, indicating the presence of cold agglutinin. Based on these findings, this animal was diagnosed with cold agglutinin disease. Clindamycin, doxycycline, and prednisolone were administered orally to treat the infection and immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. Anemia gradually improved after initiation of pharmacotherapy, and erythrogenesis slowed as erythroblasts disappeared and reticulocyte count decreased in peripheral blood. This represents the first report of cold agglutinin disease in a cetacean.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chika SHIRAKATA
- Enoshima Aquarium, Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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45
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Pratt EAL, Beheregaray LB, Fruet P, Tezanos-Pinto G, Bilgmann K, Zanardo N, Diaz-Aguirre F, Secchi ER, Freitas TRO, Möller LM. Genomic Divergence and the Evolution of Ecotypes in Bottlenose Dolphins (Genus Tursiops). Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evad199. [PMID: 37935115 PMCID: PMC10655200 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Climatic changes have caused major environmental restructuring throughout the world's oceans. Marine organisms have responded to novel conditions through various biological systems, including genomic adaptation. Growing accessibility of next-generation DNA sequencing methods to study nonmodel species has recently allowed genomic changes underlying environmental adaptations to be investigated. This study used double-digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequence data to investigate the genomic basis of ecotype formation across currently recognized species and subspecies of bottlenose dolphins (genus Tursiops) in the Southern Hemisphere. Subspecies-level genomic divergence was confirmed between the offshore common bottlenose dolphin (T. truncatus truncatus) and the inshore Lahille's bottlenose dolphin (T. t. gephyreus) from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWAO). Similarly, subspecies-level divergence is suggested between inshore (eastern Australia) Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (T. aduncus) and the proposed Burrunan dolphin (T. australis) from southern Australia. Inshore bottlenose dolphin lineages generally had lower genomic diversity than offshore lineages, a pattern particularly evident for T. t. gephyreus, which showed exceptionally low diversity. Genomic regions associated with cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and energy production systems appear to have undergone repeated adaptive evolution in inshore lineages across the Southern Hemisphere. We hypothesize that comparable selective pressures in the inshore environment drove similar adaptive responses in each lineage, supporting parallel evolution of inshore bottlenose dolphins. With climate change altering marine ecosystems worldwide, it is crucial to gain an understanding of the adaptive capacity of local species and populations. Our study provides insights into key adaptive pathways that may be important for the long-term survival of cetaceans and other organisms in a changing marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor A L Pratt
- Molecular Ecology Laboratory, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Cetacean Ecology, Behaviour and Evolution Laboratory, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Luciano B Beheregaray
- Molecular Ecology Laboratory, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Pedro Fruet
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação da Megafauna Marinha (ECOMEGA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
- Museu Oceanográfico Prof. Eliézer de C. Rios, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
- Kaosa, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Kerstin Bilgmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nikki Zanardo
- Molecular Ecology Laboratory, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Cetacean Ecology, Behaviour and Evolution Laboratory, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Environment and Water, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Fernando Diaz-Aguirre
- Molecular Ecology Laboratory, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Cetacean Ecology, Behaviour and Evolution Laboratory, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Eduardo R Secchi
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação da Megafauna Marinha (ECOMEGA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
- Museu Oceanográfico Prof. Eliézer de C. Rios, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Thales R O Freitas
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Evolução, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciana M Möller
- Molecular Ecology Laboratory, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Cetacean Ecology, Behaviour and Evolution Laboratory, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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46
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Herrera-Amaya A, Byron ML. Omnidirectional propulsion in a metachronal swimmer. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1010891. [PMID: 37976322 PMCID: PMC10697607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquatic organisms often employ maneuverable and agile swimming behavior to escape from predators, find prey, or navigate through complex environments. Many of these organisms use metachronally coordinated appendages to execute complex maneuvers. However, though metachrony is used across body sizes ranging from microns to tens of centimeters, it is understudied compared to the swimming of fish, cetaceans, and other groups. In particular, metachronal coordination and control of multiple appendages for three-dimensional maneuvering is not fully understood. To explore the maneuvering capabilities of metachronal swimming, we combine 3D high-speed videography of freely swimming ctenophores (Bolinopsis vitrea) with reduced-order mathematical modeling. Experimental results show that ctenophores can quickly reorient, and perform tight turns while maintaining forward swimming speeds close to 70% of their observed maximum-performance comparable to or exceeding that of many vertebrates with more complex locomotor systems. We use a reduced-order model to investigate turning performance across a range of beat frequencies and appendage control strategies, and reveal that ctenophores are capable of near-omnidirectional turning. Based on both recorded and modeled swimming trajectories, we conclude that the ctenophore body plan enables a high degree of maneuverability and agility, and may be a useful starting point for future bioinspired aquatic vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Herrera-Amaya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Margaret L. Byron
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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47
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Tidière M, Colchero F, Staerk J, Adkesson MJ, Andersen DH, Bland L, Böye M, Brando S, Clegg I, Cubaynes S, Cutting A, De Man D, Derocher AE, Dorsey C, Elgar W, Gaglione E, Anderson Hansen K, Jungheim A, Kok J, Laule G, Goya AL, Miller L, Monreal-Pawlowsky T, Mucha K, Owen MA, Petersen SD, Pilfold N, Richardson D, Richardson ES, Sabo D, Sato N, Shellabarger W, Skovlund CR, Tomisawa K, Trautwein SE, Van Bonn W, Van Elk C, Von Fersen L, Wahlberg M, Zhang P, Zhang X, Conde DA. Survival improvements of marine mammals in zoological institutions mirror historical advances in human longevity. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231895. [PMID: 37848064 PMCID: PMC10581765 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
An intense public debate has fuelled governmental bans on marine mammals held in zoological institutions. The debate rests on the assumption that survival in zoological institutions has been and remains lower than in the wild, albeit the scientific evidence in support of this notion is equivocal. Here, we used statistical methods previously applied to assess historical improvements in human lifespan and data on 8864 individuals of four marine mammal species (harbour seal, Phoca vitulina; California sea lion, Zalophus californianus; polar bear, Ursus maritimus; common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus) held in zoos from 1829 to 2020. We found that life expectancy increased up to 3.40 times, and first-year mortality declined up to 31%, during the last century in zoos. Moreover, the life expectancy of animals in zoos is currently 1.65-3.55 times longer than their wild counterparts. Like humans, these improvements have occurred concurrently with advances in management practices, crucial for population welfare. Science-based decisions will help effective legislative changes and ensure better implementation of animal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Tidière
- Interdisciplinary Centre on Population Dynamics (CPop), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Conservation and Science Department, Species360, 7900 International Drive, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55425, USA
| | - Fernando Colchero
- Interdisciplinary Centre on Population Dynamics (CPop), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Primate Behavior and Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Pl. 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johanna Staerk
- Interdisciplinary Centre on Population Dynamics (CPop), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Conservation and Science Department, Species360, 7900 International Drive, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55425, USA
| | | | - Ditte H. Andersen
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Lucie Bland
- Conservation and Science Department, Species360, 7900 International Drive, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55425, USA
- Eureka Publishing, Thornbury, Australia
| | - Martin Böye
- Centre de Recherche et d'Etude pour l'Animal Sauvage, Planète Sauvage, 44710 Port Saint Pere, France
| | - Sabrina Brando
- AnimalConcepts, PO Box 378, 03725 Teulada, Alicante, Spain
| | - Isabella Clegg
- Animal Welfare Expertise, The Knoll, Woodlands, Combe Martin, EX34 0ATLittleton Manor, Winchester SO22 6QU, UK
| | - Sarah Cubaynes
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE-PSL University, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Amy Cutting
- Polar Bear International, PO Box 3008, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Danny De Man
- European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA), Plantage Middelaan 45, 1018-DC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew E. Derocher
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta; Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - Candice Dorsey
- Association of Zoos and Aquariums, 8403 Colesville Road Ste 710, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - William Elgar
- Zoo Miami, 12400 SW 152 Street, Miami, FL 33177, USA
| | - Eric Gaglione
- Georgia Aquarium, 225 Baker Street, Atlanta, GA 30313, USA
| | - Kirstin Anderson Hansen
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Marine Biological Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Hindsholmvej 11, 5300 Kerteminde, Denmark
| | - Allison Jungheim
- Como Park Zoo and Conservatory, 1225 Estabrook Dr., Saint Paul, MN 55103, USA
| | - José Kok
- Ouwehands Zoo, Grebbeweg 111, 3911 AV Rhenen, The Netherlands
| | - Gail Laule
- Mandai Wildlife Group, 80 Mandai Lake Road, Singapore 729826
| | | | - Lance Miller
- Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, IL, USA
| | | | - Katelyn Mucha
- Conservation and Science Department, Species360, 7900 International Drive, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55425, USA
| | - Megan A. Owen
- San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Rd., Escondido, CA, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Pilfold
- San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Rd., Escondido, CA, USA
| | - Douglas Richardson
- Zoological Consultancy Ltd, Columba Cottage, Mill Rd, Kingussie PH21 1LF, UK
- EAZA Polar Bear EEP, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Evan S. Richardson
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Unit 150–234 Donald Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3C 1M8, Canada
| | - Devon Sabo
- Columbus Zoo and Aquarium, 4850 W. Powell Road, PO Box 400, Powell, OH 43065-0400, USA
| | - Nobutaka Sato
- Asahiyama Zoological Park, Kuranuma, Higasiasahikawacho, Asahikawa city, Japan
| | | | - Cecilie R. Skovlund
- Conservation, Copenhagen Zoo, Roskildevej 38, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Section of Animal Welfare and Disease Control, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 8, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kanako Tomisawa
- Omuta City Zoo, 163 Showa-machi, Omuta, Fukuoka 836-0871, Japan
| | - Sandra E. Trautwein
- Conservation and Science Department, Species360, 7900 International Drive, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55425, USA
| | - William Van Bonn
- A. Watson Armour III, Center for Animal Health and Welfare, Animal Care and Science Division, John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - Cornelis Van Elk
- Independent practitioner, Arendsweg 98, Enschede 7544RM, The Netherlands
| | | | - Magnus Wahlberg
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Marine Biological Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Hindsholmvej 11, 5300 Kerteminde, Denmark
| | - Peijun Zhang
- Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics Laboratory Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianfeng Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Dalia A. Conde
- Interdisciplinary Centre on Population Dynamics (CPop), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
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48
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Chevallay M, Goulet P, Madsen PT, Campagna J, Campagna C, Guinet C, Johnson MP. Large sensory volumes enable Southern elephant seals to exploit sparse deep-sea prey. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307129120. [PMID: 37844247 PMCID: PMC10614626 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307129120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of echolocating toothed whales to detect and classify prey at long ranges enables efficient searching and stalking of sparse prey in these time-limited dives. However, nonecholocating deep-diving seals such as elephant seals appear to have much less sensory advantage over their prey. Both elephant seals and their prey rely on visual and hydrodynamic cues that may be detectable only at short ranges in the deep ocean, leading us to hypothesize that elephant seals must adopt a less efficient reactive mode of hunting that requires high prey densities. To test that hypothesis, we deployed high-resolution sonar and movement tags on 25 females to record simultaneous predator and prey behavior during foraging interactions. We demonstrate that elephant seals have a sensory advantage over their prey that allows them to potentially detect prey 5 to 10 s before striking. The corresponding prey detection ranges of 7 to 17 m enable stealthy approaches and prey-specific capture tactics. In comparison, prey react at a median range of 0.7 m, close to the neck extension range of striking elephant seals. Estimated search swathes of 150 to 900 m2 explain how elephant seals can locate up to 2,000 prey while swimming more than 100 km per day. This efficient search capability allows elephant seals to subsist on prey densities that are consonant with the deep scattering layer resources estimated by hydroacoustic surveys but which are two orders of magnitude lower than the prey densities needed by a reactive hunter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Chevallay
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Villiers-en-Bois79360, France
| | - Pauline Goulet
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Villiers-en-Bois79360, France
| | | | - Julieta Campagna
- Centro Nacional Patagónico, Centro Científico Tecnológico del Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Puerto Madryn9120, Argentina
| | | | - Christophe Guinet
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Villiers-en-Bois79360, France
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49
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Merrill GB, Hermabessiere L, Rochman CM, Nowacek DP. Microplastics in marine mammal blubber, melon, & other tissues: Evidence of translocation. Environ Pollut 2023; 335:122252. [PMID: 37541381 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Marine mammals consume large quantities of microplastic particles, likely via trophic transfer (i.e., through prey who have consumed plastic) and direct consumption from seawater or sediment. Microplastics have been found in the stomachs, gastro-intestinal tracts, and feces of cetaceans and pinnipeds. Translocation of ingested microplastics has been documented in other organs of several aquatic species, but has not been examined in marine mammals. Marine mammals have highly specialized lipid-rich tissues which may increase susceptibility to lipophilic microplastics. Here we demonstrate the occurrence of microplastics, ranging in size, mass concentration, and particle count concentration from 24.4 μm - 1387 μm, 0.59 μg/g - 25.20 μg/g, and 0.04 - 0.39 particles/g, respectively, in four tissues (acoustic fat pad, blubber, lung, & melon) from twelve marine mammal species inclusive of mysticetes, odontocetes, and phocids. Twenty-two individuals were examined for microplastics using a combination of Raman spectroscopy and pyrolysis gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Overall, 68% of individuals had at least one microplastic particle in at least one of the four tissue types, with the most common polymer and shape observed being polyethylene and fibers, respectively. These findings suggest some proportion of ingested microplastics translocate throughout marine mammal bodies posing an exposure risk to both marine mammals and people. For people, exposure could be directly through consumption for those who rely on marine mammals as food and indirectly to peoples globally who consume the same prey resources as marine mammals. Some individuals examined represent samples obtained over two decades ago, suggesting that this process, and thus exposure risk, has occurred for some time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg B Merrill
- Duke University Marine Lab, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, United States.
| | - Ludovic Hermabessiere
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Chelsea M Rochman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Douglas P Nowacek
- Duke University Marine Lab, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, United States
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50
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Fisher DN, Cheney BJ. Dolphin social phenotypes vary in response to food availability but not the North Atlantic Oscillation index. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231187. [PMID: 37817593 PMCID: PMC10565371 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Social behaviours can allow individuals to flexibly respond to environmental change, potentially buffering adverse effects. However, individuals may respond differently to the same environmental stimulus, complicating predictions for population-level response to environmental change. Here, we show that bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) alter their social behaviour at yearly and monthly scales in response to a proxy for food availability (salmon abundance) but do not respond to variation in a proxy for climate (the North Atlantic Oscillation index). There was also individual variation in plasticity for gregariousness and connectedness to distant parts of the social network, although these traits showed limited repeatability. By contrast, individuals showed consistent differences in clustering with their immediate social environment at the yearly scale but no individual variation in plasticity for this trait at either timescale. These results indicate that social behaviour in free-ranging cetaceans can be highly resource dependent with individuals increasing their connectedness over short timescales but possibly reducing their wider range of connection at longer timescales. Some social traits showed more individual variation in plasticity or mean behaviour than others, highlighting how predictions for the responses of populations to environmental variation must consider the type of individual variation present in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N. Fisher
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, King's College, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, UK
| | - Barbara J. Cheney
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Lighthouse Field Station, George Street, Cromarty IV11 8YL, UK
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