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Brunel J, Urzua É, Gerlier D, Bloyet LM. A Semiquantitative Protein-Fragment Complementation Assay to Study Protein-Protein Interactions of the Polymerase Complex in Cellula. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2808:9-17. [PMID: 38743359 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3870-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Protein-fragment complementation assays (PCAs) are powerful tools to investigate protein-protein interactions in a cellular context. These are especially useful to study unstable proteins and weak interactions that may not resist protein isolation or purification. The PCA based on the reconstitution of the Gaussia princeps luciferase (split-luc) is a sensitive approach allowing the mapping of protein-protein interactions and the semiquantitative measurement of binding affinity. Here, we describe the split-luc protocol we used to map the viral interactome of measles virus polymerase complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Brunel
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Érica Urzua
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Denis Gerlier
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Louis-Marie Bloyet
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France.
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Ferren M, Lalande A, Iampietro M, Canus L, Decimo D, Gerlier D, Porotto M, Mathieu C. Early Permissiveness of Central Nervous System Cells to Measles Virus Infection Is Determined by Hyperfusogenicity and Interferon Pressure. Viruses 2023; 15:229. [PMID: 36680268 PMCID: PMC9861295 DOI: 10.3390/v15010229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The cessation of measles virus (MeV) vaccination in more than 40 countries as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to significantly increase deaths due to measles. MeV can infect the central nervous system (CNS) and lead to lethal encephalitis. Substantial part of virus sequences recovered from patients' brain were mutated in the matrix and/or the fusion protein (F). Mutations of the heptad repeat domain located in the C terminal (HRC) part of the F protein were often observed and were associated to hyperfusogenicity. These mutations promote brain invasion as a hallmark of neuroadaptation. Wild-type F allows entry into the brain, followed by limited spreading compared with the massive invasion observed for hyperfusogenic MeV. Taking advantage of our ex vivo models of hamster organotypic brain cultures, we investigated how the hyperfusogenic mutations in the F HRC domain modulate virus distribution in CNS cells. In this study, we also identified the dependence of neural cells susceptibility on both their activation state and destabilization of the virus F protein. Type I interferon (IFN-I) impaired mainly astrocytes and microglial cells permissiveness contrarily to neurons, opening a new way of consideration on the development of treatments against viral encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Ferren
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Neuro-Invasion, TROpism and VIRal Encephalitis, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Lalande
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Neuro-Invasion, TROpism and VIRal Encephalitis, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Mathieu Iampietro
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Immunobiology of the Viral infections, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Lola Canus
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Neuro-Invasion, TROpism and VIRal Encephalitis, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Didier Decimo
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Neuro-Invasion, TROpism and VIRal Encephalitis, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Denis Gerlier
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Neuro-Invasion, TROpism and VIRal Encephalitis, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Matteo Porotto
- Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Cyrille Mathieu
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Neuro-Invasion, TROpism and VIRal Encephalitis, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
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Amurri L, Reynard O, Gerlier D, Horvat B, Iampietro M. Measles Virus-Induced Host Immunity and Mechanisms of Viral Evasion. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122641. [PMID: 36560645 PMCID: PMC9781438 DOI: 10.3390/v14122641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system deploys a complex network of cells and signaling pathways to protect host integrity against exogenous threats, including measles virus (MeV). However, throughout its evolutionary path, MeV developed various mechanisms to disrupt and evade immune responses. Despite an available vaccine, MeV remains an important re-emerging pathogen with a continuous increase in prevalence worldwide during the last decade. Considerable knowledge has been accumulated regarding MeV interactions with the innate immune system through two antagonistic aspects: recognition of the virus by cellular sensors and viral ability to inhibit the induction of the interferon cascade. Indeed, while the host could use several innate adaptors to sense MeV infection, the virus is adapted to unsettle defenses by obstructing host cell signaling pathways. Recent works have highlighted a novel aspect of innate immune response directed against MeV unexpectedly involving DNA-related sensing through activation of the cGAS/STING axis, even in the absence of any viral DNA intermediate. In addition, while MeV infection most often causes a mild disease and triggers a lifelong immunity, its tropism for invariant T-cells and memory T and B-cells provokes the elimination of one primary shield and the pre-existing immunity against previously encountered pathogens, known as "immune amnesia".
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Amurri
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team Immunobiology of Viral infections, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Reynard
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team Immunobiology of Viral infections, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Denis Gerlier
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team Neuro-Invasion, TROpism and VIRal Encephalitis, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Branka Horvat
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team Immunobiology of Viral infections, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Mathieu Iampietro
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team Immunobiology of Viral infections, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
- Correspondence:
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Enchéry F, Dumont C, Iampietro M, Pelissier R, Aurine N, Bloyet LM, Carbonnelle C, Mathieu C, Journo C, Gerlier D, Horvat B. Nipah virus W protein harnesses nuclear 14-3-3 to inhibit NF-κB-induced proinflammatory response. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1292. [PMID: 34785771 PMCID: PMC8595879 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02797-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic emerging bat-borne Henipavirus that has caused numerous outbreaks with public health concerns. It is able to inhibit the host innate immune response. Since the NF-κB pathway plays a crucial role in the innate antiviral response as a major transcriptional regulator of inflammation, we postulated its implication in the still poorly understood NiV immunopathogenesis. We report here that NiV inhibits the canonical NF-κB pathway via its nonstructural W protein. Translocation of the W protein into the nucleus causes nuclear accumulation of the cellular scaffold protein 14-3-3 in both African green monkey and human cells infected by NiV. Excess of 14-3-3 in the nucleus was associated with a reduction of NF-κB p65 subunit phosphorylation and of its nuclear accumulation. Importantly, W-S449A substitution impairs the binding of the W protein to 14-3-3 and the subsequent suppression of NF-κB signaling, thus restoring the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Our data suggest that the W protein increases the steady-state level of 14-3-3 in the nucleus and consequently enhances 14-3-3-mediated negative feedback on the NF-κB pathway. These findings provide a mechanistic model of W-mediated disruption of the host inflammatory response, which could contribute to the high severity of NiV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Enchéry
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Claire Dumont
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mathieu Iampietro
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Rodolphe Pelissier
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Noémie Aurine
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Louis-Marie Bloyet
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Caroline Carbonnelle
- INSERM- Laboratoire P4 Jean Mérieux, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69365, Lyon, France
| | - Cyrille Mathieu
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Chloé Journo
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Denis Gerlier
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Branka Horvat
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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5
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Salladini E, Gondelaud F, Nilsson JF, Pesce G, Bignon C, Murrali MG, Fabre R, Pierattelli R, Kajava AV, Horvat B, Gerlier D, Mathieu C, Longhi S. Identification of a Region in the Common Amino-terminal Domain of Hendra Virus P, V, and W Proteins Responsible for Phase Transition and Amyloid Formation. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1324. [PMID: 34572537 PMCID: PMC8471210 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Henipaviruses are BSL-4 zoonotic pathogens responsible in humans for severe encephalitis. Their V protein is a key player in the evasion of the host innate immune response. We previously showed that the Henipavirus V proteins consist of a long intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain (NTD) and a β-enriched C-terminal domain (CTD). These terminals are critical for V binding to DDB1, which is a cellular protein that is a component of the ubiquitin ligase E3 complex, as well as binding to MDA5 and LGP2, which are two host sensors of viral RNA. Here, we serendipitously discovered that the Hendra virus V protein undergoes a liquid-to-hydrogel phase transition and identified the V region responsible for this phenomenon. This region, referred to as PNT3 and encompassing residues 200-310, was further investigated using a combination of biophysical and structural approaches. Congo red binding assays, together with negative-staining transmisison electron microscopy (TEM) studies, show that PNT3 forms amyloid-like fibrils. Fibrillation abilities are dramatically reduced in a rationally designed PNT3 variant in which a stretch of three contiguous tyrosines, falling within an amyloidogenic motif, were replaced by three alanines. Worthy to note, Congo red staining experiments provided hints that these amyloid-like fibrils form not only in vitro but also in cellula after transfection or infection. The present results set the stage for further investigations aimed at assessing the functional role of phase separation and fibrillation by the Henipavirus V proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Salladini
- Laboratory Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), UMR 7257, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille University, CEDEX 9, 13288 Marseille, France; (E.S.); (F.G.); (J.F.N.); (G.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Frank Gondelaud
- Laboratory Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), UMR 7257, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille University, CEDEX 9, 13288 Marseille, France; (E.S.); (F.G.); (J.F.N.); (G.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Juliet F. Nilsson
- Laboratory Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), UMR 7257, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille University, CEDEX 9, 13288 Marseille, France; (E.S.); (F.G.); (J.F.N.); (G.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Giulia Pesce
- Laboratory Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), UMR 7257, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille University, CEDEX 9, 13288 Marseille, France; (E.S.); (F.G.); (J.F.N.); (G.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Christophe Bignon
- Laboratory Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), UMR 7257, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille University, CEDEX 9, 13288 Marseille, France; (E.S.); (F.G.); (J.F.N.); (G.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Maria Grazia Murrali
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (M.G.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Roxane Fabre
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), CNRS, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille University, CEDEX 9, 13288 Marseille, France;
| | - Roberta Pierattelli
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (M.G.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Andrey V. Kajava
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, UMR 5237, CNRS, Université Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France;
| | - Branka Horvat
- Team Immunobiology of the Viral Infections, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Université de Lyon, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR 5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; (B.H.); (D.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Denis Gerlier
- Team Immunobiology of the Viral Infections, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Université de Lyon, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR 5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; (B.H.); (D.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Cyrille Mathieu
- Team Immunobiology of the Viral Infections, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Université de Lyon, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR 5308, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; (B.H.); (D.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Sonia Longhi
- Laboratory Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), UMR 7257, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille University, CEDEX 9, 13288 Marseille, France; (E.S.); (F.G.); (J.F.N.); (G.P.); (C.B.)
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Iampietro M, Dumont C, Mathieu C, Spanier J, Robert J, Charpenay A, Dupichaud S, Dhondt KP, Aurine N, Pelissier R, Ferren M, Mély S, Gerlier D, Kalinke U, Horvat B. Activation of cGAS/STING pathway upon paramyxovirus infection. iScience 2021; 24:102519. [PMID: 34142033 PMCID: PMC8188492 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During inflammatory diseases, cancer, and infection, the cGAS/STING pathway is known to recognize foreign or self-DNA in the cytosol and activate an innate immune response. Here, we report that negative-strand RNA paramyxoviruses, Nipah virus (NiV), and measles virus (MeV), can also trigger the cGAS/STING axis. Although mice deficient for MyD88, TRIF, and MAVS still moderately control NiV infection when compared with wild-type mice, additional STING deficiency resulted in 100% lethality, suggesting synergistic roles of these pathways in host protection. Moreover, deletion of cGAS or STING resulted in decreased type I interferon production with enhanced paramyxoviral infection in both human and murine cells. Finally, the phosphorylation and ubiquitination of STING, observed during viral infections, confirmed the activation of cGAS/STING pathway by NiV and MeV. Our data suggest that cGAS/STING activation is critical in controlling paramyxovirus infection and possibly represents attractive targets to develop countermeasures against severe disease induced by these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Iampietro
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Claire Dumont
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Cyrille Mathieu
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Julia Spanier
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection research, a joint venture between the Hanover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hanover, Germany
| | - Jonathan Robert
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Aude Charpenay
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Sébastien Dupichaud
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Kévin P. Dhondt
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Noémie Aurine
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Rodolphe Pelissier
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Marion Ferren
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Mély
- INSERM- Laboratoire P4 Jean Mérieux-21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69365 Lyon, France
| | - Denis Gerlier
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection research, a joint venture between the Hanover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hanover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence-Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST), Hanover, Germany
| | - Branka Horvat
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
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7
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Ferren M, Horvat B, Gerlier D, Mathieu C. [Type I interferon and selective permissiveness of central nervous system to measles virus infection]. Med Sci (Paris) 2021; 37:22-25. [PMID: 33492214 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Ferren
- Centre international de recherche en infectiologie (CIRI), équipe d'immunobiologie des infections virales, Univ Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 21 avenue Tony-Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Branka Horvat
- Centre international de recherche en infectiologie (CIRI), équipe d'immunobiologie des infections virales, Univ Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 21 avenue Tony-Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Denis Gerlier
- Centre international de recherche en infectiologie (CIRI), équipe d'immunobiologie des infections virales, Univ Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 21 avenue Tony-Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Cyrille Mathieu
- Centre international de recherche en infectiologie (CIRI), équipe d'immunobiologie des infections virales, Univ Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 21 avenue Tony-Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
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8
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Karami Y, Saighi P, Vanderhaegen R, Gerlier D, Longhi S, Laine E, Carbone A. Predicting substitutions to modulate disorder and stability in coiled-coils. BMC Bioinformatics 2020; 21:573. [PMID: 33349244 PMCID: PMC7751101 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-020-03867-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coiled-coils are described as stable structural motifs, where two or more helices wind around each other. However, coiled-coils are associated with local mobility and intrinsic disorder. Intrinsically disordered regions in proteins are characterized by lack of stable secondary and tertiary structure under physiological conditions in vitro. They are increasingly recognized as important for protein function. However, characterizing their behaviour in solution and determining precisely the extent of disorder of a protein region remains challenging, both experimentally and computationally. Results In this work, we propose a computational framework to quantify the extent of disorder within a coiled-coil in solution and to help design substitutions modulating such disorder. Our method relies on the analysis of conformational ensembles generated by relatively short all-atom Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. We apply it to the phosphoprotein multimerisation domains (PMD) of Measles virus (MeV) and Nipah virus (NiV), both forming tetrameric left-handed coiled-coils. We show that our method can help quantify the extent of disorder of the C-terminus region of MeV and NiV PMDs from MD simulations of a few tens of nanoseconds, and without requiring an extensive exploration of the conformational space. Moreover, this study provided a conceptual framework for the rational design of substitutions aimed at modulating the stability of the coiled-coils. By assessing the impact of four substitutions known to destabilize coiled-coils, we derive a set of rules to control MeV PMD structural stability and cohesiveness. We therefore design two contrasting substitutions, one increasing the stability of the tetramer and the other increasing its flexibility. Conclusions Our method can be considered as a platform to reason about how to design substitutions aimed at regulating flexibility and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Karami
- CNRS, IBPS, UMR 7238, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative (LCQB), Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France. .,Institute of Computing and Data Sciences (ISCD), Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Paul Saighi
- CNRS, IBPS, UMR 7238, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative (LCQB), Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Rémy Vanderhaegen
- CNRS, IBPS, UMR 7238, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative (LCQB), Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Denis Gerlier
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sonia Longhi
- CNRS, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), UMR 7257, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Elodie Laine
- CNRS, IBPS, UMR 7238, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative (LCQB), Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Alessandra Carbone
- CNRS, IBPS, UMR 7238, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative (LCQB), Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France, 75005, Paris, France.
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9
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Welsch JC, Charvet B, Dussurgey S, Allatif O, Aurine N, Horvat B, Gerlier D, Mathieu C. Type I Interferon Receptor Signaling Drives Selective Permissiveness of Astrocytes and Microglia to Measles Virus during Brain Infection. J Virol 2019; 93:e00618-19. [PMID: 31019048 PMCID: PMC6580971 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00618-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatal neurological syndromes can occur after measles virus (MeV) infection of the brain. The mechanisms controlling MeV spread within the central nervous system (CNS) remain poorly understood. We analyzed the role of type I interferon (IFN-I) receptor (IFNAR) signaling in the control of MeV infection in a murine model of brain infection. Using organotypic brain cultures (OBC) from wild-type and IFNAR-knockout (IFNARKO) transgenic mice ubiquitously expressing the human SLAM (CD150) receptor, the heterogeneity of the permissiveness of different CNS cell types to MeV infection was characterized. In the absence of IFNAR signaling, MeV propagated significantly better in explant slices. In OBC from IFNAR-competent mice, while astrocytes and microglia were infected on the day of explant preparation, they became refractory to infection with time, in contrast to neurons and oligodendrocytes, which remained permissive to infection. This selective loss of permissiveness to MeV infection was not observed in IFNARKO mouse OBC. Accordingly, the development of astrogliosis related to the OBC procedure was exacerbated in the presence of IFNAR signaling. In the hippocampus, this astrogliosis was characterized by a change in the astrocyte phenotype and by an increase of IFN-I transcripts. A proteome analysis showed the upregulation of 84 out of 111 secreted proteins. In the absence of IFNAR, only 27 secreted proteins were upregulated, and none of these were associated with antiviral activities. Our results highlight the essential role of the IFN-I response in astrogliosis and in the permissiveness of astrocytes and microglia that could control MeV propagation throughout the CNS.IMPORTANCE Measles virus (MeV) can infect the central nervous system (CNS), with dramatic consequences. The mechanisms controlling MeV invasion of the CNS remain ill-defined since most previous data were obtained from postmortem analysis. Here, we highlight for the first time the crucial role of the type I interferon (IFN-I) response not only in the control of CNS invasion but also in the early permissiveness of glial cells to measles virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Charles Welsch
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Benjamin Charvet
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sebastien Dussurgey
- SFR BioSciences, INSERM, CNRS, UMS3444/US8, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Omran Allatif
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Noemie Aurine
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Branka Horvat
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Denis Gerlier
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Cyrille Mathieu
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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10
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Bloyet LM, Schramm A, Lazert C, Raynal B, Hologne M, Walker O, Longhi S, Gerlier D. Regulation of measles virus gene expression by P protein coiled-coil properties. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaaw3702. [PMID: 31086822 PMCID: PMC6506246 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw3702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The polymerase of negative-stranded RNA viruses consists of the large protein (L) and the phosphoprotein (P), the latter serving both as a chaperon and a cofactor for L. We mapped within measles virus (MeV) P the regions responsible for binding and stabilizing L and showed that the coiled-coil multimerization domain (MD) of P is required for gene expression. MeV MD is kinked as a result of the presence of a stammer. Both restoration of the heptad regularity and displacement of the stammer strongly decrease or abrogate activity in a minigenome assay. By contrast, P activity is rather tolerant of substitutions within the stammer. Single substitutions at the "a" or "d" hydrophobic anchor positions with residues of variable hydrophobicity revealed that P functionality requires a narrow range of cohesiveness of its MD. Results collectively indicate that, beyond merely ensuring P oligomerization, the MD finely tunes viral gene expression through its cohesiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Marie Bloyet
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Antoine Schramm
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), UMR 7257, Marseille, France
| | - Carine Lazert
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Bertrand Raynal
- Institut Pasteur, Plateforme de Biophysique Moléculaire, Paris, France
| | - Maggy Hologne
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Univ Lyon, CNRS, UMR5280, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon France
| | - Olivier Walker
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA), Univ Lyon, CNRS, UMR5280, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon France
| | - Sonia Longhi
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), UMR 7257, Marseille, France
| | - Denis Gerlier
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
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11
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Milles S, Jensen MR, Lazert C, Guseva S, Ivashchenko S, Communie G, Maurin D, Gerlier D, Ruigrok RWH, Blackledge M. An ultraweak interaction in the intrinsically disordered replication machinery is essential for measles virus function. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaat7778. [PMID: 30140745 PMCID: PMC6105297 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat7778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Measles virus genome encapsidation is essential for viral replication and is controlled by the intrinsically disordered phosphoprotein (P) maintaining the nucleoprotein in a monomeric form (N) before nucleocapsid assembly. All paramyxoviruses harbor highly disordered amino-terminal domains (PNTD) that are hundreds of amino acids in length and whose function remains unknown. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we describe the structure and dynamics of the 90-kDa N0PNTD complex, comprising 450 disordered amino acids, at atomic resolution. NMR relaxation dispersion reveals the existence of an ultraweak N-interaction motif, hidden within the highly disordered PNTD, that allows PNTD to rapidly associate and dissociate from a specific site on N while tightly bound at the amino terminus, thereby hindering access to the surface of N. Mutation of this linear motif quenches the long-range dynamic coupling between the two interaction sites and completely abolishes viral transcription/replication in cell-based minigenome assays comprising integral viral replication machinery. This description transforms our understanding of intrinsic conformational disorder in paramyxoviral replication. The essential mechanism appears to be conserved across Paramyxoviridae, opening unique new perspectives for drug development against this family of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Milles
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Malene Ringkjøbing Jensen
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Carine Lazert
- International Center for Infectiology Research, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Serafima Guseva
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Stefaniia Ivashchenko
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Guillaume Communie
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Damien Maurin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Denis Gerlier
- International Center for Infectiology Research, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Rob W. H. Ruigrok
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Martin Blackledge
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France
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12
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Welsch JC, Lionnet C, Terzian C, Horvat B, Gerlier D, Mathieu C. Organotypic Brain Cultures: A Framework for Studying CNS Infection by Neurotropic Viruses and Screening Antiviral Drugs. Bio Protoc 2017; 7:e2605. [PMID: 34595280 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), at least 50% of emerging viruses endowed with pathogenicity in humans can infect the Central Nervous System (CNS) with induction of encephalitis and other neurologic diseases ( Taylor et al., 2001 ; Olival and Daszak, 2005). While neurological diseases are progressively documented, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in virus infection and dissemination within the CNS are still poorly understood (Swanson and McGavern, 2015; Ludlow et al., 2016 ). For example, measles virus (MeV) can infect neural cells, and cause a persistent brain infections leading to lethal encephalitis from several months to years after primary infection with no available treatment (Reuter and Schneider-Schaulies, 2010; Laksono et al., 2016 ). The Organotypic Brain Culture (OBC) is a suitable model for the virology field to better understand the CNS infections. Indeed, it allows not only studying the infection and the dissemination of neurotropic viruses within the CNS but it could also serve as screening model of innovative antiviral strategies or molecules, such as our recently published studies about fusion inhibitory peptides and the HSP90 chaperone activity inhibitor, 17-DMAG ( Welsch et al., 2013 ; Bloyet et al., 2016 ). Based on our previous work, we propose here an optimized method to prepare OBC of hippocampi and cerebellums which are suitable for small rodent models based virus studies, including mice, rats as well as hamsters at a post-natal stage, between P6 to P10. We notably took into account the stress of the slice procedure on the tissue and the subsequent cellular reactions, which is essential to fully characterize the model prior to any use in infectious conditions. With this knowledge, we propose a protocol highlighting the requirements, including potential trouble shootings of the slicing parameters, to consider the variations we observed according to the structure and animal studied. This framework should facilitate the use of OBC for better conclusive studies of neurotropic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Charles Welsch
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Université de Lyon, LYON, France.,LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Claire Lionnet
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Lyon, France.,Lyon Bio-Image, Plateau Technique d'Imagerie/Microscopie (PLATIM), UMS3444/US8 BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Terzian
- Retrovirus and Comparative Pathology, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche 754, Unité Mixte de Service 3444, Lyon, France.,École Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France
| | - Branka Horvat
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Université de Lyon, LYON, France.,LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Denis Gerlier
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Université de Lyon, LYON, France.,LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Cyrille Mathieu
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Université de Lyon, LYON, France.,LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Marie Bloyet
- CIRI, Centre international de recherche en infectiologie, Inserm U1111, université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, université Lyon, 21, avenue Tony Garnier, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Roche
- Aix Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, centre de recherche en cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), 27, boulevard Lei Roure, 13273 Marseille Cedex 9, France - CNRS, centre de recherche en cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM) UMR 7258, Marseille, France - Inserm, centre de recherche en cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM) U1068, Marseille, France
| | - Denis Gerlier
- CIRI, Centre international de recherche en infectiologie, Inserm U1111, université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, université Lyon, 21, avenue Tony Garnier, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Sonia Longhi
- Aix Marseille Univ, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB) UMR 7257, Marseille, France - CNRS, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques AFMB, UMR 7257, 163, avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
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14
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Tartour K, Nguyen XN, Appourchaux R, Assil S, Barateau V, Bloyet LM, Burlaud Gaillard J, Confort MP, Escudero-Perez B, Gruffat H, Hong SS, Moroso M, Reynard O, Reynard S, Decembre E, Ftaich N, Rossi A, Wu N, Arnaud F, Baize S, Dreux M, Gerlier D, Paranhos-Baccala G, Volchkov V, Roingeard P, Cimarelli A. Interference with the production of infectious viral particles and bimodal inhibition of replication are broadly conserved antiviral properties of IFITMs. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006610. [PMID: 28957419 PMCID: PMC5619827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
IFITMs are broad antiviral factors that block incoming virions in endosomal vesicles, protecting target cells from infection. In the case of HIV-1, we and others reported the existence of an additional antiviral mechanism through which IFITMs lead to the production of virions of reduced infectivity. However, whether this second mechanism of inhibition is unique to HIV or extends to other viruses is currently unknown. To address this question, we have analyzed the susceptibility of a broad spectrum of viruses to the negative imprinting of the virion particles infectivity by IFITMs. The results we have gathered indicate that this second antiviral property of IFITMs extends well beyond HIV and we were able to identify viruses susceptible to the three IFITMs altogether (HIV-1, SIV, MLV, MPMV, VSV, MeV, EBOV, WNV), as well as viruses that displayed a member-specific susceptibility (EBV, DUGV), or were resistant to all IFITMs (HCV, RVFV, MOPV, AAV). The swapping of genetic elements between resistant and susceptible viruses allowed us to point to specificities in the viral mode of assembly, rather than glycoproteins as dominant factors of susceptibility. However, we also show that, contrarily to X4-, R5-tropic HIV-1 envelopes confer resistance against IFITM3, suggesting that viral receptors add an additional layer of complexity in the IFITMs-HIV interplay. Lastly, we show that the overall antiviral effects ascribed to IFITMs during spreading infections, are the result of a bimodal inhibition in which IFITMs act both by protecting target cells from incoming viruses and in driving the production of virions of reduced infectivity. Overall, our study reports for the first time that the negative imprinting of the virion particles infectivity is a conserved antiviral property of IFITMs and establishes IFITMs as a paradigm of restriction factor capable of interfering with two distinct phases of a virus life cycle. IFITMs are interferon-regulated proteins that inhibit a broad range of viruses. Until recently, IFITMs had been described to arrest incoming viral particles in target cells, by inducing their retention in endosomal vesicles. More recently in the case of HIV-1, ours and other laboratories have highlighted the existence of an additional antiviral mechanism with which IFITMs could act in virus-producing cells, leading to the production of virion particles of reduced infectivity. In the present study, we assessed whether the negative imprinting of the virion particles infectivity was a conserved antiviral property of IFITMs by examining a panel of fourteen different DNA or RNA viruses. Our results indicate that a wide spectrum of viruses is susceptible to this antiviral mechanism of inhibition, although some are able to resist it. Swapping of elements between susceptible and resistant viruses strongly suggests that specificities in the mode of virion assembly and not the viral glycoprotein are the dominant factor in the susceptibility of a given virus to this inhibition. However, we also show that HIV-1 strains that engage the CCR5 co-receptor display a notable resistance towards IFITM3, indicating that at least in the case of HIV-1, co-receptor usage is likely to add an additional layer of complexity in the relationship established between IFITMs and the virus, that may or may not extend to other viral families as well. In the context of spreading infections, the results of this study highlight that the overall antiviral effect of IFITMs is mechanistically caused by a previously unappreciated dual mode of action in which they act both in target cells and in virus-producing cells, by respectively forcing endosome trapping of incoming viruses and by commandeering the formation of new virion particles of reduced infectivity. Overall, the results presented here indicate that the negative imprinting of viral particles is a largely conserved antiviral feature of IFITMs and point to IFITMs as a novel paradigm of innate defense proteins capable of interfering with viral replication at two distinct steps of a virus life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Tartour
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Univ Lyon, Lyon, France, Lyon, France
| | - Xuan-Nhi Nguyen
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Univ Lyon, Lyon, France, Lyon, France
| | - Romain Appourchaux
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Univ Lyon, Lyon, France, Lyon, France
| | - Sonia Assil
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Univ Lyon, Lyon, France, Lyon, France
| | - Véronique Barateau
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Univ Lyon, Lyon, France, Lyon, France
| | - Louis-Marie Bloyet
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Univ Lyon, Lyon, France, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Burlaud Gaillard
- Plateforme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Université F. Rabelais et CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
- INSERM U966, Université F. Rabelais et CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Confort
- IVPC UMR754, INRA, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, EPHE, Lyon, France
| | - Beatriz Escudero-Perez
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Univ Lyon, Lyon, France, Lyon, France
| | - Henri Gruffat
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Univ Lyon, Lyon, France, Lyon, France
| | - Saw See Hong
- IVPC UMR754, INRA, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, EPHE, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Moroso
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Univ Lyon, Lyon, France, Lyon, France
- Fondation Mérieux, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Reynard
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Univ Lyon, Lyon, France, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphanie Reynard
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Univ Lyon, Lyon, France, Lyon, France
- Institut Pasteur, Lyon, France
| | - Elodie Decembre
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Univ Lyon, Lyon, France, Lyon, France
| | - Najate Ftaich
- IVPC UMR754, INRA, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, EPHE, Lyon, France
| | - Axel Rossi
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Univ Lyon, Lyon, France, Lyon, France
| | - Nannan Wu
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Univ Lyon, Lyon, France, Lyon, France
- Institute of BioMedical Science (IBMS), East China Normal University (ECNU), Shanghai, China
| | - Frédérick Arnaud
- IVPC UMR754, INRA, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, EPHE, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvain Baize
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Univ Lyon, Lyon, France, Lyon, France
- Institut Pasteur, Lyon, France
| | - Marlène Dreux
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Univ Lyon, Lyon, France, Lyon, France
| | - Denis Gerlier
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Univ Lyon, Lyon, France, Lyon, France
| | - Glaucia Paranhos-Baccala
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Univ Lyon, Lyon, France, Lyon, France
- Fondation Mérieux, Lyon, France
| | - Viktor Volchkov
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Univ Lyon, Lyon, France, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Roingeard
- Plateforme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Université F. Rabelais et CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
- INSERM U966, Université F. Rabelais et CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Andrea Cimarelli
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Univ Lyon, Lyon, France, Lyon, France
- * E-mail:
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15
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Uchikawa E, Lethier M, Malet H, Brunel J, Gerlier D, Cusack S. Structural Analysis of dsRNA Binding to Anti-viral Pattern Recognition Receptors LGP2 and MDA5. Mol Cell 2017; 62:586-602. [PMID: 27203181 PMCID: PMC4885022 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RIG-I and MDA5 sense virus-derived short 5′ppp blunt-ended or long dsRNA, respectively, causing interferon production. Non-signaling LGP2 appears to positively and negatively regulate MDA5 and RIG-I signaling, respectively. Co-crystal structures of chicken (ch) LGP2 with dsRNA display a fully or semi-closed conformation depending on the presence or absence of nucleotide. LGP2 caps blunt, 3′ or 5′ overhang dsRNA ends with 1 bp longer overall footprint than RIG-I. Structures of 1:1 and 2:1 complexes of chMDA5 with short dsRNA reveal head-to-head packing rather than the polar head-to-tail orientation described for long filaments. chLGP2 and chMDA5 make filaments with a similar axial repeat, although less co-operatively for chLGP2. Overall, LGP2 resembles a chimera combining a MDA5-like helicase domain and RIG-I like CTD supporting both stem and end binding. Functionally, RNA binding is required for LGP2-mediated enhancement of MDA5 activation. We propose that LGP2 end-binding may promote nucleation of MDA5 oligomerization on dsRNA. chLPG2-dsRNA structures reveal RIG-I like end binding, but overhangs are possible chMDA5-dsRNA complex structures show head-to-head packing on short dsRNAs LGP2 also has MDA5-like behavior, coating dsRNA but with less cooperativity Both human and chicken LGP2 enhance MDA5 signaling in an RNA-dependent manner
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism
- Adenosine Triphosphatases/chemistry
- Adenosine Triphosphatases/genetics
- Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism
- Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
- Animals
- Avian Proteins/chemistry
- Avian Proteins/genetics
- Avian Proteins/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- Cell Line
- Chickens
- DEAD Box Protein 58/chemistry
- DEAD Box Protein 58/genetics
- DEAD Box Protein 58/metabolism
- Humans
- Hydrolysis
- Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1/chemistry
- Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1/genetics
- Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1/metabolism
- Models, Molecular
- Nucleic Acid Conformation
- Protein Binding
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- RNA, Double-Stranded/chemistry
- RNA, Double-Stranded/genetics
- RNA, Double-Stranded/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Pattern Recognition/chemistry
- Receptors, Pattern Recognition/genetics
- Receptors, Pattern Recognition/metabolism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Uchikawa
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; University Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, EMBL Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Mathilde Lethier
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; University Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, EMBL Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Hélène Malet
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; University Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, EMBL Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Joanna Brunel
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; Inserm, U1111, 69007 Lyon, France; CNRS, UMR5308, 69007 Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Denis Gerlier
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; Inserm, U1111, 69007 Lyon, France; CNRS, UMR5308, 69007 Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Stephen Cusack
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; University Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, EMBL Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
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16
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Longhi S, Bloyet LM, Gianni S, Gerlier D. How order and disorder within paramyxoviral nucleoproteins and phosphoproteins orchestrate the molecular interplay of transcription and replication. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3091-3118. [PMID: 28600653 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2556-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize computational and experimental data gathered so far showing that structural disorder is abundant within paramyxoviral nucleoproteins (N) and phosphoproteins (P). In particular, we focus on measles, Nipah, and Hendra viruses and highlight both commonalities and differences with respect to the closely related Sendai virus. The molecular mechanisms that control the disorder-to-order transition undergone by the intrinsically disordered C-terminal domain (NTAIL) of their N proteins upon binding to the C-terminal X domain (XD) of the homologous P proteins are described in detail. By having a significant residual disorder, NTAIL-XD complexes are illustrative examples of "fuzziness", whose possible functional significance is discussed. Finally, the relevance of N-P interactions as promising targets for innovative antiviral approaches is underscored, and the functional advantages of structural disorder for paramyxoviruses are pinpointed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Longhi
- Aix-Marseille Univ, AFMB UMR 7257, 163, avenue de Luminy, Case 932, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France. .,CNRS, AFMB UMR 7257, 13288, Marseille, France.
| | - Louis-Marie Bloyet
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France.,CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Denis Gerlier
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France.,CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
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17
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Jean A, Tardy F, Allatif O, Grosjean I, Blanquier B, Gerlier D. Assessing mycoplasma contamination of cell cultures by qPCR using a set of universal primer pairs targeting a 1.5 kb fragment of 16S rRNA genes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172358. [PMID: 28225826 PMCID: PMC5321415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasmas (a generic name for Mollicutes) are a predominant bacterial contaminant of cell culture and cell derived products including viruses. This prokaryote class is characterized by very small size and lack of a cell wall. Consequently, mycoplasmas escape ultrafiltration and visualization under routine microscopic examination, hence the ease with which cells in culture can be contaminated, with routinely more than 10% of cell lines being contaminated. Mycoplasma are a formidable threat both in fundamental research by perverting a whole range of cell properties and functions and in the pharmacological use of cells and cell derived products. Although many methods have been developed, there is still a need for a sensitive, universal assay. Here is reported the development and validation of a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) based on the amplification of a 1.5 kb fragment covering the 16S rDNA of the Mollicute class by real-time PCR using universal U1 and U8 degenerate primers. The method includes the addition of a DNA loading probe to each sample to monitor DNA extraction and the absence of PCR inhibitors in the extracted DNA, a positive mycoplasma 16S rDNA traceable reference sample to exclude any accidental contamination of an unknown sample with this reference DNA, an analysis procedure based on the examination of the melting curve and the size of the PCR amplicon, followed by quantification of the number of 16S rDNA copies (with a lower limit of 19 copies) when relevant, and, if useful, the identification of the contaminating prokaryote by sequencing. The method was validated on a collection of mycoplasma strains and by testing over 100 samples of unknown contamination status including stocks of viruses requiring biosafety level 2, 3 or 4 containments. When compared to four established methods, the m16S_qPCR technique exhibits the highest sensitivity in detecting mycoplasma contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Jean
- Univ Lyon, SFR BioSciences, ENS de Lyon, Inserm US8, CNRS UMS344, UCBL, Lyon, France
| | - Florence Tardy
- ANSES, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail, VetAgro Sup, Univ Lyon, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Omran Allatif
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Grosjean
- Univ Lyon, SFR BioSciences, ENS de Lyon, Inserm US8, CNRS UMS344, UCBL, Lyon, France
| | - Bariza Blanquier
- Univ Lyon, SFR BioSciences, ENS de Lyon, Inserm US8, CNRS UMS344, UCBL, Lyon, France
| | - Denis Gerlier
- Univ Lyon, SFR BioSciences, ENS de Lyon, Inserm US8, CNRS UMS344, UCBL, Lyon, France
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
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18
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Bloyet LM, Brunel J, Dosnon M, Hamon V, Erales J, Gruet A, Lazert C, Bignon C, Roche P, Longhi S, Gerlier D. Modulation of Re-initiation of Measles Virus Transcription at Intergenic Regions by PXD to NTAIL Binding Strength. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1006058. [PMID: 27936158 PMCID: PMC5148173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Measles virus (MeV) and all Paramyxoviridae members rely on a complex polymerase machinery to ensure viral transcription and replication. Their polymerase associates the phosphoprotein (P) and the L protein that is endowed with all necessary enzymatic activities. To be processive, the polymerase uses as template a nucleocapsid made of genomic RNA entirely wrapped into a continuous oligomer of the nucleoprotein (N). The polymerase enters the nucleocapsid at the 3'end of the genome where are located the promoters for transcription and replication. Transcription of the six genes occurs sequentially. This implies ending and re-initiating mRNA synthesis at each intergenic region (IGR). We explored here to which extent the binding of the X domain of P (XD) to the C-terminal region of the N protein (NTAIL) is involved in maintaining the P/L complex anchored to the nucleocapsid template during the sequential transcription. Amino acid substitutions introduced in the XD-binding site on NTAIL resulted in a wide range of binding affinities as determined by combining protein complementation assays in E. coli and human cells and isothermal titration calorimetry. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that XD binding to NTAIL involves a complex network of hydrogen bonds, the disruption of which by two individual amino acid substitutions markedly reduced the binding affinity. Using a newly designed, highly sensitive dual-luciferase reporter minigenome assay, the efficiency of re-initiation through the five measles virus IGRs was found to correlate with NTAIL/XD KD. Correlatively, P transcript accumulation rate and F/N transcript ratios from recombinant viruses expressing N variants were also found to correlate with the NTAIL to XD binding strength. Altogether, our data support a key role for XD binding to NTAIL in maintaining proper anchor of the P/L complex thereby ensuring transcription re-initiation at each intergenic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Marie Bloyet
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Joanna Brunel
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Marion Dosnon
- Aix-Marseille University, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB) UMR 7257, Marseille, France
- CNRS, AFMB UMR 7257, Marseille, France
| | - Véronique Hamon
- Aix Marseille University, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Marseille, France
- CNRS, CRCM UMR 7258, Marseille, France
- INSERM, CRCM U1068, Marseille, France
| | - Jenny Erales
- Aix-Marseille University, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB) UMR 7257, Marseille, France
- CNRS, AFMB UMR 7257, Marseille, France
| | - Antoine Gruet
- Aix-Marseille University, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB) UMR 7257, Marseille, France
- CNRS, AFMB UMR 7257, Marseille, France
| | - Carine Lazert
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Bignon
- Aix-Marseille University, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB) UMR 7257, Marseille, France
- CNRS, AFMB UMR 7257, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Roche
- Aix Marseille University, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Marseille, France
- CNRS, CRCM UMR 7258, Marseille, France
- INSERM, CRCM U1068, Marseille, France
| | - Sonia Longhi
- Aix-Marseille University, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB) UMR 7257, Marseille, France
- CNRS, AFMB UMR 7257, Marseille, France
| | - Denis Gerlier
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
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19
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Gerlier D. Brevity, precision, relevance consistency and concept, five pillars to write an original and punchy PhD thesis. Virologie (Montrouge) 2016; 20:257-260. [PMID: 32260022 DOI: 10.1684/vir.2016.0668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Gerlier
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon Inserm, U1111 École normale supérieure de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Centre international de recherche en infectiologie CNRS, UMR5308 Lyon, France
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20
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Bloyet LM, Welsch J, Enchery F, Mathieu C, de Breyne S, Horvat B, Grigorov B, Gerlier D. HSP90 Chaperoning in Addition to Phosphoprotein Required for Folding but Not for Supporting Enzymatic Activities of Measles and Nipah Virus L Polymerases. J Virol 2016; 90:6642-6656. [PMID: 27170753 PMCID: PMC4944277 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00602-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nonsegmented negative-stranded RNA viruses, or members of the order Mononegavirales, share a conserved gene order and the use of elaborate transcription and replication machinery made up of at least four molecular partners. These partners have coevolved with the acquisition of the permanent encapsidation of the entire genome by the nucleoprotein (N) and the use of this N-RNA complex as a template for the viral polymerase composed of the phosphoprotein (P) and the large enzymatic protein (L). Not only is P required for polymerase function, but it also stabilizes the L protein through an unknown underlying molecular mechanism. By using NVP-AUY922 and/or 17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin as specific inhibitors of cellular heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), we found that efficient chaperoning of L by HSP90 requires P in the measles, Nipah, and vesicular stomatitis viruses. While the production of P remains unchanged in the presence of HSP90 inhibitors, the production of soluble and functional L requires both P and HSP90 activity. Measles virus P can bind the N terminus of L in the absence of HSP90 activity. Both HSP90 and P are required for the folding of L, as evidenced by a luciferase reporter insert fused within measles virus L. HSP90 acts as a true chaperon; its activity is transient and dispensable for the activity of measles and Nipah virus polymerases of virion origin. That the cellular chaperoning of a viral polymerase into a soluble functional enzyme requires the assistance of another viral protein constitutes a new paradigm that seems to be conserved within the Mononegavirales order. IMPORTANCE Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that require a cellular environment for their replication. Some viruses particularly depend on the cellular chaperoning apparatus. We report here that for measles virus, successful chaperoning of the viral L polymerase mediated by heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) requires the presence of the viral phosphoprotein (P). Indeed, while P protein binds to the N terminus of L independently of HSP90 activity, both HSP90 and P are required to produce stable, soluble, folded, and functional L proteins. Once formed, the mature P+L complex no longer requires HSP90 to exert its polymerase functions. Such a new paradigm for the maturation of a viral polymerase appears to be conserved in several members of the Mononegavirales order, including the Nipah and vesicular stomatitis viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Marie Bloyet
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jérémy Welsch
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Ecofect, Lyon, France
| | - François Enchery
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Cyrille Mathieu
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Ecofect, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvain de Breyne
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Branka Horvat
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Ecofect, Lyon, France
| | - Boyan Grigorov
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM, U1052, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Denis Gerlier
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Ecofect, Lyon, France
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21
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Gruet A, Dosnon M, Blocquel D, Brunel J, Gerlier D, Das RK, Bonetti D, Gianni S, Fuxreiter M, Longhi S, Bignon C. Fuzzy regions in an intrinsically disordered protein impair protein-protein interactions. FEBS J 2016; 283:576-94. [PMID: 26684000 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the partial disorder-to-order transition that intrinsically disordered proteins often undergo upon binding to their partners, a considerable amount of residual disorder may be retained in the bound form, resulting in a fuzzy complex. Fuzzy regions flanking molecular recognition elements may enable partner fishing through non-specific, transient contacts, thereby facilitating binding, but may also disfavor binding through various mechanisms. So far, few computational or experimental studies have addressed the effect of fuzzy appendages on partner recognition by intrinsically disordered proteins. In order to shed light onto this issue, we used the interaction between the intrinsically disordered C-terminal domain of the measles virus (MeV) nucleoprotein (NTAIL ) and the X domain (XD) of the viral phosphoprotein as model system. After binding to XD, the N-terminal region of NTAIL remains conspicuously disordered, with α-helical folding taking place only within a short molecular recognition element. To study the effect of the N-terminal fuzzy region on NTAIL /XD binding, we generated N-terminal truncation variants of NTAIL , and assessed their binding abilities towards XD. The results revealed that binding increases with shortening of the N-terminal fuzzy region, with this also being observed with hsp70 (another MeV NTAIL binding partner), and for the homologous NTAIL /XD pairs from the Nipah and Hendra viruses. Finally, similar results were obtained when the MeV NTAIL fuzzy region was replaced with a highly dissimilar artificial disordered sequence, supporting a sequence-independent inhibitory effect of the fuzzy region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Gruet
- Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, Marseille, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Dosnon
- Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, Marseille, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, Marseille, France
| | - David Blocquel
- Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, Marseille, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, Marseille, France
| | - Joanna Brunel
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5308, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Denis Gerlier
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5308, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Rahul K Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biological Systems Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniela Bonetti
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche 'A. Rossi Fanelli' and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche 'A. Rossi Fanelli' and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Monika Fuxreiter
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Momentum Laboratory of Protein Dynamics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sonia Longhi
- Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, Marseille, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Bignon
- Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, Marseille, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, Marseille, France
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Gerlier D. Editorial. Virologie (Montrouge) 2015; 19:197-203. [PMID: 32260026 DOI: 10.1684/vir.2015.0620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Gerlier
- CIRI, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, 21 av. Tony-Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
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Louber J, Brunel J, Uchikawa E, Cusack S, Gerlier D. Kinetic discrimination of self/non-self RNA by the ATPase activity of RIG-I and MDA5. BMC Biol 2015; 13:54. [PMID: 26215161 PMCID: PMC4517655 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-015-0166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cytoplasmic RIG-like receptors are responsible for the early detection of viruses and other intracellular microbes by activating the innate immune response mediated by type I interferons (IFNs). RIG-I and MDA5 detect virus-specific RNA motifs with short 5'-tri/diphosphorylated, blunt-end double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and >0.5-2 kb long dsRNA as canonical agonists, respectively. However, in vitro, they can bind to many RNA species, while in cells there is an activation threshold. As SF2 helicase/ATPase family members, ATP hydrolysis is dependent on co-operative RNA and ATP binding. Whereas simultaneous ATP and cognate RNA binding is sufficient to activate RIG-I by releasing autoinhibition of the signaling domains, the physiological role of the ATPase activity of RIG-I and MDA5 remains controversial. RESULTS A cross-analysis of a rationally designed panel of RNA binding and ATPase mutants and truncated receptors, using type I IFN promoter activation as readout, allows us to refine our understanding of the structure-function relationships of RIG-I and MDA5. RNA activation of RIG-I depends on multiple critical RNA binding sites in its helicase domain as confirmed by functional evidence using novel mutations. We found that RIG-I or MDA5 mutants with low ATP hydrolysis activity exhibit constitutive activity but this was fully reverted when associated with mutations preventing RNA binding to the helicase domain. We propose that the turnover kinetics of the ATPase domain enables the discrimination of self/non-self RNA by both RIG-I and MDA5. Non-cognate, possibly self, RNA binding would lead to fast ATP turnover and RNA disassociation and thus insufficient time for the caspase activation and recruitment domains (CARDs) to promote downstream signaling, whereas tighter cognate RNA binding provides a longer time window for downstream events to be engaged. CONCLUSIONS The exquisite fine-tuning of RIG-I and MDA5 RNA-dependent ATPase activity coupled to CARD release allows a robust IFN response from a minor subset of non-self RNAs within a sea of cellular self RNAs. This avoids the eventuality of deleterious autoimmunity effects as have been recently described to arise from natural gain-of-function alleles of RIG-I and MDA5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Louber
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France.
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France.
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France.
| | - Joanna Brunel
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France.
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France.
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France.
| | - Emiko Uchikawa
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, BP 181, 38042, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France.
- Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions, UJF-EMBL-CNRS, UMI 3265, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, BP 181, 38042, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France.
| | - Stephen Cusack
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, BP 181, 38042, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France.
- Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions, UJF-EMBL-CNRS, UMI 3265, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, BP 181, 38042, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France.
| | - Denis Gerlier
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
- INSERM, U1111, Lyon, France.
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France.
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France.
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Gerlier D, Grosjean I. Erreur d'identité de l'hôte cellulaire : un risque en virologie ? Virologie (Montrouge) 2015; 19:113-115. [PMID: 33065906 DOI: 10.1684/vir.2015.0611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Gerlier
- CIRI, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université Claude-Bernard Lyon I, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France, CRB CelluloNet, SFR Biosciences, CNRS UMS 3444, Inserm US 8, Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Grosjean
- CRB CelluloNet, SFR Biosciences, CNRS UMS 3444, Inserm US 8, Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France
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Barin F, Vabret A, Thiry E, Tordo N, Gaudin Y, Gerlier D. Les Journées Francophones de Virologie, une dix-septième édition marquée du sceau de la riche diversité de notre discipline. Virologie (Montrouge) 2015; 19:47-49. [PMID: 33065939 DOI: 10.1684/vir.2015.0605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Barin
- Laboratoire de virologie, CHU Bretonneau, bd Tonnelé, 37044 Tours, France
| | - Astrid Vabret
- Laboratoire de virologie, CHU de Caen, avenue Georges Clémenceau, 14000 Caen
| | - Etienne Thiry
- Virologie vétérinaire et maladies virales animales, DMI, Université de Liège, boulevard de Colonster, 20, B43b, B4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - Noël Tordo
- Unité de stratégies antivirales, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Dr-Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Yves Gaudin
- Unité de virologie moléculaire et structurale, CNRS, Bât. 14B, 1 avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Denis Gerlier
- CIRI, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université Lyon-I, ENS de Lyon, 21, avenue Tony-Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
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Louber J, Kowalinski E, Bloyet LM, Brunel J, Cusack S, Gerlier D. RIG-I self-oligomerization is either dispensable or very transient for signal transduction. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108770. [PMID: 25259935 PMCID: PMC4178188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective host defence against viruses depends on the rapid triggering of innate immunity through the induction of a type I interferon (IFN) response. To this end, microbe-associated molecular patterns are detected by dedicated receptors. Among them, the RIG-I-like receptors RIG-I and MDA5 activate IFN gene expression upon sensing viral RNA in the cytoplasm. While MDA5 forms long filaments in vitro upon activation, RIG-I is believed to oligomerize after RNA binding in order to transduce a signal. Here, we show that in vitro binding of synthetic RNA mimicking that of Mononegavirales (Ebola, rabies and measles viruses) leader sequences to purified RIG-I does not induce RIG-I oligomerization. Furthermore, in cells devoid of endogenous functional RIG-I-like receptors, after activation of exogenous Flag-RIG-I by a 62-mer-5'ppp-dsRNA or by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, a dsRNA analogue, or by measles virus infection, anti-Flag immunoprecipitation and specific elution with Flag peptide indicated a monomeric form of RIG-I. Accordingly, when using the Gaussia Luciferase-Based Protein Complementation Assay (PCA), a more sensitive in cellula assay, no RIG-I oligomerization could be detected upon RNA stimulation. Altogether our data indicate that the need for self-oligomerization of RIG-I for signal transduction is either dispensable or very transient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Louber
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Lyon 1, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Eva Kowalinski
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, UJF-EMBL-CNRS, UMI 3265, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Louis-Marie Bloyet
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Lyon 1, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Joanna Brunel
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Lyon 1, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Stephen Cusack
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, UJF-EMBL-CNRS, UMI 3265, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Denis Gerlier
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université Lyon 1, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
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Essaidi-Laziosi M, Shevtsova A, Gerlier D, Roux L. Mutation of the TYTLE motif in the cytoplasmic tail of the sendai virus fusion protein deeply affects viral assembly and particle production. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78074. [PMID: 24339863 PMCID: PMC3858230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Enveloped viruses contain glycoproteins protruding from the viral membrane. These proteins play a crucial role in the extra-cellular steps of the virus life cycle, namely attachment to and entry into cells. Their role during the intracellular late phase of virus multiplication has been less appreciated, overlooked by the documented central organizer role of the matrix M protein. Sendai virus, a member of the Paramyxoviridae family, expresses two trans-membrane proteins on its surface, HN and F. In previous work, we have shown that suppression of F in the context of an infection, results in about 70% reduction of virus particle production, a reduction similar to that observed upon suppression of the matrix M protein. Moreover, a TYTLE motif present in F cytoplasmic tail has been proposed essential for virus particle production. In the present work, using original alternate conditional siRNA suppression systems, we generated a double F gene recombinant Sendai virus expressing wt-F and a nonviable mutated TYTLE/5A F protein (F5A). Suppression of the wild type F gene expression in cells infected with this virus allowed the analysis of F5A properties in the context of the infection. Coupling confocal imaging analysis to biochemical characterization, we found that F5A i) was not expressed at the cell surface but restricted to the endoplasmic reticulum, ii) was still capable of interaction with M and iii) had profound effect on M and HN cellular distribution. On the basis of these data, we propose a model for SeV particle formation based on an M/F complex that would serve as nucleation site for virus particle assembly at the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Essaidi-Laziosi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anastasia Shevtsova
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Denis Gerlier
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Roux
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Gruet A, Dosnon M, Vassena A, Lombard V, Gerlier D, Bignon C, Longhi S. Dissecting partner recognition by an intrinsically disordered protein using descriptive random mutagenesis. J Mol Biol 2013; 425:3495-509. [PMID: 23811056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In view of getting insights into the molecular determinants of the binding efficiency of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), we used random mutagenesis. As a proof of concept, we chose the interaction between the intrinsically disordered C-terminal domain of the measles virus nucleoprotein (NTAIL) and the X domain (XD) of the viral phosphoprotein and assessed how amino acid substitutions introduced at random within NTAIL affect partner recognition. In contrast with directed evolution approaches, we did not apply any selection and used the gene library approach not for production purposes but for achieving a better understanding of the NTAIL/XD interaction. For that reason, and to differentiate our approach from similar approaches that make use of systematic (i.e., targeted) mutagenesis, we propose to call it "descriptive random mutagenesis" (DRM). NTAIL variants generated by error-prone PCR were picked at random in the absence of selection pressure and were characterized in terms of sequence and binding abilities toward XD. DRM not only identified determinants of NTAIL/XD interaction that were in good agreement with previous work but also provided new insights. In particular, we discovered that the primary interaction site is poorly evolvable in terms of binding abilities toward XD. We also identified a critical NTAIL residue whose role in stabilizing the NTAIL/XD complex had previously escaped detection, and we identified NTAIL regulatory sites that dampen the interaction while being located outside the primary interaction site. Results show that DRM is a valuable approach to study binding abilities of IDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Gruet
- CNRS and Aix-Marseille Université, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, 13288 Marseille, France
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Shu Y, Habchi J, Costanzo S, Padilla A, Brunel J, Gerlier D, Oglesbee M, Longhi S. Plasticity in structural and functional interactions between the phosphoprotein and nucleoprotein of measles virus. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:11951-67. [PMID: 22318731 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.333088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The measles virus (MeV) phosphoprotein (P) tethers the polymerase to the nucleocapsid template for transcription and genome replication. Binding of P to nucleocapsid is mediated by the X domain of P (XD) and a conserved sequence (Box-2) within the C-terminal domain of the nucleoprotein (N(TAIL)). XD binding induces N(TAIL) α-helical folding, which in turn has been proposed to stabilize the polymerase-nucleocapsid complex, with cycles of binding and release required for transcription and genome replication. The current work directly assessed the relationships among XD-induced N(TAIL) folding, XD-N(TAIL) binding affinity, and polymerase activity. Amino acid substitutions that abolished XD-induced N(TAIL) α-helical folding were created within Box-2 of Edmonston MeV N(TAIL). Polymerase activity in minireplicons was maintained despite a 35-fold decrease in XD-N(TAIL) binding affinity or reduction/loss of XD-induced N(TAIL) alpha-helical folding. Recombinant infectious virus was recovered for all mutants, and transcriptase elongation rates remained within a 1.7-fold range of parent virus. Box-2 mutations did however impose a significant cost to infectivity, reflected in an increase in the amount of input genome required to match the infectivity of parent virus. Diminished infectivity could not be attributed to changes in virion protein composition or production of defective interfering particles, where changes from parent virus were within a 3-fold range. The results indicated that MeV polymerase activity, but not infectivity, tolerates amino acid changes in the XD-binding region of the nucleoprotein. Selectional pressure for conservation of the Box-2 sequence may thus reflect a role in assuring the fidelity of polymerase functions or the assembly of viral particles required for optimal infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoling Shu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Gerlier D. [Abundance of cellular receptors and functions: viral receptome?]. Virologie (Montrouge) 2011; 15:283-285. [PMID: 36151686 DOI: 10.1684/15-5.2011.17798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Gerlier
- Université de Lyon-I, École normale supérieure de Lyon, Inserm, U754, unité de virologie humaine, 21, avenue Tony-Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
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Grigorov B, Rabilloud J, Lawrence P, Gerlier D. Rapid titration of measles and other viruses: optimization with determination of replication cycle length. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24135. [PMID: 21915289 PMCID: PMC3168471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Measles virus (MV) is a member of the Paramyxoviridae family and an important human pathogen causing strong immunosuppression in affected individuals and a considerable number of deaths worldwide. Currently, measles is a re-emerging disease in developed countries. MV is usually quantified in infectious units as determined by limiting dilution and counting of plaque forming unit either directly (PFU method) or indirectly from random distribution in microwells (TCID50 method). Both methods are time-consuming (up to several days), cumbersome and, in the case of the PFU assay, possibly operator dependent. Methods/Findings A rapid, optimized, accurate, and reliable technique for titration of measles virus was developed based on the detection of virus infected cells by flow cytometry, single round of infection and titer calculation according to the Poisson's law. The kinetics follow up of the number of infected cells after infection with serial dilutions of a virus allowed estimation of the duration of the replication cycle, and consequently, the optimal infection time. The assay was set up to quantify measles virus, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) using antibody labeling of viral glycoprotein, virus encoded fluorescent reporter protein and an inducible fluorescent-reporter cell line, respectively. Conclusion Overall, performing the assay takes only 24–30 hours for MV strains, 12 hours for VSV, and 52 hours for HIV-1. The step-by-step procedure we have set up can be, in principle, applicable to accurately quantify any virus including lentiviral vectors, provided that a virus encoded gene product can be detected by flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyan Grigorov
- INSERM, U758, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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Gerlier D, Lyles DS. Interplay between innate immunity and negative-strand RNA viruses: towards a rational model. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2011; 75:468-90, second page of table of contents. [PMID: 21885681 PMCID: PMC3165544 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00007-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of a new class of cytosolic receptors recognizing viral RNA, called the RIG-like receptors (RLRs), has revolutionized our understanding of the interplay between viruses and host cells. A tremendous amount of work has been accumulating to decipher the RNA moieties required for an RLR agonist, the signal transduction pathway leading to activation of the innate immunity orchestrated by type I interferon (IFN), the cellular and viral regulators of this pathway, and the viral inhibitors of the innate immune response. Previous reviews have focused on the RLR signaling pathway and on the negative regulation of the interferon response by viral proteins. The focus of this review is to put this knowledge in the context of the virus replication cycle within a cell. Likewise, there has been an expansion of knowledge about the role of innate immunity in the pathophysiology of viral infection. As a consequence, some discrepancies have arisen between the current models of cell-intrinsic innate immunity and current knowledge of virus biology. This holds particularly true for the nonsegmented negative-strand viruses (Mononegavirales), which paradoxically have been largely used to build presently available models. The aim of this review is to bridge the gap between the virology and innate immunity to favor the rational building of a relevant model(s) describing the interplay between Mononegavirales and the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Gerlier
- INSERM U758, CERVI, 21 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France.
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Abstract
Viruses enter the host cell by binding cellular receptors that allow appropriate delivery of the viral genome. Although the horizontal propagation of viruses feeds the continuous emergence of novel pathogenic viruses, the genetic variation of cellular receptors can represent a challenging barrier. The SARS coronavirus, henipaviruses and filoviruses are zoonotic RNA viruses that use bats as their reservoir. Their lethality for man has fostered extensive research both on the cellular receptors they use and their entry pathways. These studies have allowed new insights into the diversity of the molecular mechanisms underlying both virus entry and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Gerlier
- Human Virology, INSERM, U758, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, F-69007, France.
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35
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Grigorov B, Gerlier D. [Cellular receptors and in vivo measles virus propagation]. Virologie (Montrouge) 2010; 14:322-333. [PMID: 36151694 DOI: 10.1684/vir.2011.15883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Since the nineties, the analysis of the molecular mechanisms gover- ning the entry of measles virus has strongly impacted our knowledge of viral propagation into tissues during the natural infection. The identification of cellular receptors and the 3D structure of the viral glycoprotein mediating virus attachment have revealed how an RNA virus with error-prone poly- merase has remained immunologically monomorphous despite of more than twenty circulating genotypes around the world. In addition, the neo-targeting towards another cellular receptor suggests its involvement in the attenuation phenotype of the vaccine strains. Likewise, from this virus, the first class of an envelope glycoprotein supporting any retargeting has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyan Grigorov
- CNRS, Université Lyon-I FRE3011, Inserm U758, CERVI, 21, avenue Tony-Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Denis Gerlier
- CNRS, Université Lyon-I FRE3011, Inserm U758, CERVI, 21, avenue Tony-Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
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Duhen T, Herschke F, Azocar O, Druelle J, Plumet S, Delprat C, Schicklin S, Wild TF, Rabourdin-Combe C, Gerlier D, Valentin H. Cellular receptors, differentiation and endocytosis requirements are key factors for type I IFN response by human epithelial, conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic infected cells by measles virus. Virus Res 2010; 152:115-25. [PMID: 20600391 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
While the antiviral response during measles virus (MeV) infection is documented, the contribution of the hosting cell type to the type I interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) response is still not clearly established. Here, we report that a signature heterogeneity of the IFN-alpha/beta response according to the cell type. The MeV tropism dictated by the expression of appropriate cellular receptor appeared to be crucial for epithelial cells. For conventional DCs (cDCs), the maturation state played a prominent role. In response to both wild type MeV isolates and laboratory/vaccine strains, immature cDCs produced higher levels of IFN-alpha than mature cDCs, despite the reduced expression levels of both CD46 and CD150 receptors by the former ones. While in epithelial cells and cDCs the MeV transcription was required to activate the IFN-alpha/beta response, plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) rapidly produced large amounts of IFN-alpha mostly independently of the viral infection cycle. This argues for a significant contribution of pDCs in response to MeV infection and/or vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Duhen
- Université de Lyon, INSERM U851, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon, France
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Gerlier D, Grigorov B. New insights into measles virus propagation: from entry to shedding. Future Virol 2010. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.10.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The last decade of research on measles virus entry has provided new clues and concepts on the molecular mechanisms that drive virus entry in distinct tissues, virus propagation in vivo throughout multiple organs and virus exit to ensure epidemic propagation. Novel biochemical and structural information on viral glycoproteins have shed light on how a genotypically variable RNA virus with error-prone RNA polymerase can behave as an immunologically invariant virus for over half a century worldwide. Moreover, the viral attachment protein was found to support efficient retargeting to unnatural cellular receptors, and this led to the design of the first class of retargeted viral vectors possessing an envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boyan Grigorov
- Tour CERVI, INSERM U758, 21 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
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Ghannam A, Gerlier D, Drouet C. Human C3 deficiency shares characteristics with common variable immune deficiency. Mol Immunol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.05.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Colombo M, Bourhis JM, Chamontin C, Soriano C, Villet S, Costanzo S, Couturier M, Belle V, Fournel A, Darbon H, Gerlier D, Longhi S. The interaction between the measles virus nucleoprotein and the Interferon Regulator Factor 3 relies on a specific cellular environment. Virol J 2009; 6:59. [PMID: 19445677 PMCID: PMC2686699 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-6-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genome of measles virus consists of a non-segmented single-stranded RNA molecule of negative polarity, which is encapsidated by the viral nucleoprotein (N) within a helical nucleocapsid. The N protein possesses an intrinsically disordered C-terminal domain (aa 401–525, NTAIL) that is exposed at the surface of the viral nucleopcapsid. Thanks to its flexible nature, NTAIL interacts with several viral and cellular partners. Among these latter, the Interferon Regulator Factor 3 (IRF-3) has been reported to interact with N, with the interaction having been mapped to the regulatory domain of IRF-3 and to NTAIL. This interaction was described to lead to the phosphorylation-dependent activation of IRF-3, and to the ensuing activation of the pro-immune cytokine RANTES gene. Results After confirming the reciprocal ability of IRF-3 and N to be co-immunoprecipitated in 293T cells, we thoroughly investigated the NTAIL-IRF-3 interaction using a recombinant, monomeric form of the regulatory domain of IRF-3. Using a large panel of spectroscopic approaches, including circular dichroism, fluorescence spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, we failed to detect any direct interaction between IRF-3 and either full-length N or NTAIL under conditions where these latter interact with the C-terminal X domain of the viral phosphoprotein. Furthermore, such interaction was neither detected in E. coli nor in a yeast two hybrid assay. Conclusion Altogether, these data support the requirement for a specific cellular environment, such as that provided by 293T human cells, for the NTAIL-IRF-3 interaction to occur. This dependence from a specific cellular context likely reflects the requirement for a human or mammalian cellular co-factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Colombo
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 6098 CNRS et Universités Aix-Marseille I et II, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Case 932, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France.
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Ghannam A, Pernollet M, Fauquert JL, Monnier N, Ponard D, Villiers MB, Péguet-Navarro J, Tridon A, Lunardi J, Gerlier D, Drouet C. Human C3 deficiency associated with impairments in dendritic cell differentiation, memory B cells, and regulatory T cells. J Immunol 2008; 181:5158-66. [PMID: 18802120 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.7.5158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Primary C3 deficiency, a rare autosomal inherited disease (OMIM 120700), was identified in a 2-year-old male suffering from recurrent pyogenic infections from early infancy with undetectable total complement hemolytic activity (CH50) and C3 values. The nonconsanguineous parents and the two patients' two siblings had 50% normal serum C3 concentration. The molecular abnormality associated a paternal allele coding C3 with the missense mutation p.Ser(550)Pro and an apparently null maternal allele, with production of a defective protein that could no longer be secreted. Vaccination of the child did not induce a long-term Ab response. Accordingly, switched memory IgD(-)CD27(+) B cells were barely detected, amounting to only 2.3% of peripheral blood CD19(+) cells. Cells were significantly defective in stimulating alloreactive responses. The in vitro development of immature dendritic cells and their maturation capacity were greatly impaired, with decreased CD1a expression and IL-12p70 secretion ability. These cells were unable to induce autologous B cell proliferation and Ig secretion in the presence of CD40L and C3. Finally, the regulatory T cell development ability of CD4(+) T cells after CD3 and CD46 activation in the presence of IL-2 was significantly impaired. Thus, the association of important functional defects of dendritic cells, acquisition of B cell memory, and regulatory T cells with human C3 deficiency strongly supports a major role for C3 in bridging innate and adaptive immunity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arije Ghannam
- VirPatH, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique FRE3011, Lyon, France
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Gerlier D. [Does DC-SIGN the end of the mystery of epithelial crossing by measles virus?]. Virologie (Montrouge) 2008; 12:469. [PMID: 36131402 DOI: 10.1684/12-6.2021.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Gerlier
- VirPatH, Université Lyon-I, CNRS, FRE3011, faculté de médecine Laennec, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08
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Gerlier D. [A cellular receptor to get in, another to get out]. Virologie (Montrouge) 2008; 12:474-475. [PMID: 36131407 DOI: 10.1684/12-6.2021.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Remove.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gerlier
- VirPatH, Université Lyon-I, CNRS, FRE3011, faculté de médecine Laennec, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08
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Gerlier D. [3D structure shed light on the efficiency of measles vaccine]. Virologie (Montrouge) 2008; 12:469-470. [PMID: 36131403 DOI: 10.1684/12-6.2021.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Gerlier
- VirPatH, Université Lyon-I, CNRS, FRE3011, faculté de médecine Laennec, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08
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Ghannam A, Hammache D, Matias C, Louwagie M, Garin J, Gerlier D. High-density rafts preferentially host the complement activator measles virus F glycoprotein but not the regulators of complement activation. Mol Immunol 2008; 45:3036-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2008.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 03/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Lazert C, Chazal N, Briant L, Gerlier D, Cortay JC. Refined study of the interaction between HIV-1 p6 late domain and ALIX. Retrovirology 2008; 5:39. [PMID: 18477395 PMCID: PMC2397435 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-5-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 05/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the HIV-1 p6 late budding domain and ALIX, a class E vacuolar protein sorting factor, was explored by using the yeast two-hybrid approach. We refined the ALIX binding site of p6 as being the leucine triplet repeat sequence (Lxx)4 (LYPLTSLRSLFG). Intriguingly, the deletion of the C-terminal proline-rich region of ALIX prevented detectable binding to p6. In contrast, a four-amino acid deletion in the central hinge region of p6 increased its association with ALIX as shown by its ability to bind to ALIX lacking the proline rich domain. Finally, by using a random screening approach, the minimal ALIX391-510 fragment was found to specifically interact with this p6 deletion mutant. A parallel analysis of ALIX binding to the late domain p9 from EIAV revealed that p6 and p9, which exhibit distinct ALIX binding motives, likely bind differently to ALIX. Altogether, our data support a model where the C-terminal proline-rich domain of ALIX allows the access of its binding site to p6 by alleviating a conformational constraint resulting from the presence of the central p6 hinge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Lazert
- Université Lyon 1, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), VirPatH FRE 3011, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Lyon, France.
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Herschke F, Plumet S, Duhen T, Azocar O, Druelle J, Laine D, Wild TF, Rabourdin-Combe C, Gerlier D, Valentin H. Cell-cell fusion induced by measles virus amplifies the type I interferon response. J Virol 2007; 81:12859-71. [PMID: 17898060 PMCID: PMC2169089 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00078-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Measles virus (MeV) infection is characterized by the formation of multinuclear giant cells (MGC). We report that beta interferon (IFN-beta) production is amplified in vitro by the formation of virus-induced MGC derived from human epithelial cells or mature conventional dendritic cells. Both fusion and IFN-beta response amplification were inhibited in a dose-dependent way by a fusion-inhibitory peptide after MeV infection of epithelial cells. This effect was observed at both low and high multiplicities of infection. While in the absence of virus replication, the cell-cell fusion mediated by MeV H/F glycoproteins did not activate any IFN-alpha/beta production, an amplified IFN-beta response was observed when H/F-induced MGC were infected with a nonfusogenic recombinant chimerical virus. Time lapse microscopy studies revealed that MeV-infected MGC from epithelial cells have a highly dynamic behavior and an unexpected long life span. Following cell-cell fusion, both of the RIG-I and IFN-beta gene deficiencies were trans complemented to induce IFN-beta production. Production of IFN-beta and IFN-alpha was also observed in MeV-infected immature dendritic cells (iDC) and mature dendritic cells (mDC). In contrast to iDC, MeV infection of mDC induced MGC, which produced enhanced amounts of IFN-alpha/beta. The amplification of IFN-beta production was associated with a sustained nuclear localization of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) in MeV-induced MGC derived from both epithelial cells and mDC, while the IRF-7 up-regulation was poorly sensitive to the fusion process. Therefore, MeV-induced cell-cell fusion amplifies IFN-alpha/beta production in infected cells, and this indicates that MGC contribute to the antiviral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Herschke
- Interactions Virus Cellule-Hôte, CNRS, Université de Lyon 1, FRE3011, IFR 62 Laennec, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
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Plumet S, Herschke F, Bourhis JM, Valentin H, Longhi S, Gerlier D. Cytosolic 5'-triphosphate ended viral leader transcript of measles virus as activator of the RIG I-mediated interferon response. PLoS One 2007; 2:e279. [PMID: 17356690 PMCID: PMC1804102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2006] [Accepted: 02/15/2007] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Double stranded RNA (dsRNA) is widely accepted as an RNA motif recognized as a danger signal by the cellular sentries. However, the biology of non-segmented negative strand RNA viruses, or Mononegavirales, is hardly compatible with the production of such dsRNA. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS During measles virus infection, the IFN-beta gene transcription was found to be paralleled by the virus transcription, but not by the virus replication. Since the expression of every individual viral mRNA failed to activate the IFN-beta gene, we postulated the involvement of the leader RNA, which is a small not capped and not polyadenylated RNA firstly transcribed by Mononegavirales. The measles virus leader RNA, synthesized both in vitro and in vivo, was efficient in inducing the IFN-beta expression, provided that it was delivered into the cytosol as a 5'-trisphosphate ended RNA. The use of a human cell line expressing a debilitated RIG-I molecule, together with overexpression studies of wild type RIG-I, showed that the IFN-beta induction by virus infection or by leader RNA required RIG-I to be functional. RIG-I binds to leader RNA independently from being 5-trisphosphate ended; while a point mutant, Q299A, predicted to establish contacts with the RNA, fails to bind to leader RNA. Since the 5'-triphosphate is required for optimal RIG-I activation but not for leader RNA binding, our data support that RIG-I is activated upon recognition of the 5'-triphosphate RNA end. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE RIG-I is proposed to recognize Mononegavirales transcription, which occurs in the cytosol, while scanning cytosolic RNAs, and to trigger an IFN response when encountering a free 5'-triphosphate RNA resulting from a mislocated transcription activity, which is therefore considered as the hallmark of a foreign invader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Plumet
- VirPatH, Université Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Lyon, France
| | - Florence Herschke
- VirPatH, Université Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Marie Bourhis
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 6098, Universités d'Aix-Marseille I et II, Marseille, France
| | - Hélène Valentin
- Immunobiologie Fondamentale et Clinique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U503, Université Lyon 1, IFR128 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, Lyon, France
| | - Sonia Longhi
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 6098, Universités d'Aix-Marseille I et II, Marseille, France
| | - Denis Gerlier
- VirPatH, Université Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Lyon, France
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Abstract
Viruses are obligate parasites of host cells. Virus-host coevolution has selected virus for growth despite antiviral defenses set up by hosting cells and organisms. Ubiquitin conjugation onto proteins, through a cascade of reactions mediated by E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme) and E2 and E3 (ubiquitin- conjugating ligases), is one of the major regulatory systems that, in particular, tightly controls the concentration of cellular proteins by sorting them for degradation. The combined diversity of E2 and E3 ligases ensures the selective/specific ubiquitination of a large number of protein substrates within the cell interior. Therefore it is not surprising that several viruses encode proteins with E3 ubiquitin ligase activities that target cellular proteins playing a key role in innate antiviral mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhou Chen
- CNRS, Université de Lyon, UMR5537, Laboratoire de Virologie et Pathogenèse Virale, IFR Laennec, Lyon, France
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Chen M, Cortay JC, Logan IR, Sapountzi V, Robson CN, Gerlier D. Inhibition of ubiquitination and stabilization of human ubiquitin E3 ligase PIRH2 by measles virus phosphoprotein. J Virol 2005; 79:11824-36. [PMID: 16140759 PMCID: PMC1212616 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.18.11824-11836.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a C-terminal domain (PCT) of the measles virus (MV) phosphoprotein (P protein) as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen, a cDNA identical to the recently described human p53-induced-RING-H2 (hPIRH2) cDNA was isolated. A glutathione S-transferase-hPIRH2 fusion protein expressed in bacteria was able to pull down P protein when mixed with an extract from P-expressing HeLa cells in vitro, and myc-tagged hPIRH2 could be reciprocally co-immunoprecipitated with MV P protein from human cells. Additionally, immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that hPIRH2-myc, MV P, and nucleocapsid (N) proteins form a ternary complex. The hPIRH2 binding site was mapped to the C-terminal X domain region of the P protein by using a yeast two-hybrid assay. The PCT binding site was mapped on hPIRH2 by using a novel yeast two-hybrid tagged PCR approach and by co-immunoprecipitation of hPIRH2 cysteine mutants and mouse/human PIRH2 chimeras. The hPIRH2 C terminus could mediate the interaction with MV P which was favored by the RING-H2 motif. When coexpressed with an enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged hPIRH2 protein, MV P alone or in a complex with MV N was able to redistribute hPIRH2 to outside the nucleus, within intracellular aggregates. Finally, MV P efficiently stabilized hPIRH2-myc expression and prevented its ubiquitination in vivo but had no effect on the stability or ubiquitination of an alternative ubiquitin E3 ligase, Mdm2. Thus, MV P protein is the first protein from a pathogen that is able to specifically interact with and stabilize the ubiquitin E3 ligase hPIRH2 by preventing its ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhou Chen
- Immunité & Infections Virales, CNRS--Univ-Lyon 1 UMR 5537, IFR Laennec, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
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Plumet S, Gerlier D. Optimized SYBR green real-time PCR assay to quantify the absolute copy number of measles virus RNAs using gene specific primers. J Virol Methods 2005; 128:79-87. [PMID: 15913798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2005] [Revised: 03/29/2005] [Accepted: 03/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and specific RT-QPCR based on real-time analysis of PCR products stained with SYBR green, was designed and carefully optimised to quantify individual measles virus RNA species. Pairs of specific primers were designed to detect N, P, M, F, H, or L sequences. To detect the genome and/or antigenome, two primers were chosen so as to amplify a 221 nt fragment (L-Tr) encompassing L gene end and trailer. Every gene-specific PCR assay was able to detect = 10 copies/sample, with a dynamic range of 4-5 log10 copies. No significant fluorescent signal was detected from non-infected cell cDNA template. When measles virus microccocal nuclease resistant genomic RNA was reverse transcribed, a 1:1 ratio was observed between single gene amplicons except for L-Tr which displayed a 2.6-fold excess over the other genes. This likely reflects the presence of some shorter abortive genome since the use of a plasmid encoding the entire virus genome resulted in 1:1 ratio for L-Tr segment when compared to others amplicons. Thus, this RT-QPCR assay appears suitable for follow-up studies of viral RNA populations during infection and may also be useful for reliable detection of measles virus in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Plumet
- Immunité and Infections Virales, CNRS-Univ-Lyon1 UMR 5537, IFR Laennec, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
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