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Pham TN, Coupey J, Toutain J, Candéias SM, Simonin G, Rousseau M, Touzani O, Thariat J, Valable S. Early effects of different brain radiotherapy modalities on circulating leucocyte subpopulations in rodents. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:744-755. [PMID: 38466699 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2024.2324471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSES Lymphopenia is extensively studied, but not circulating leucocyte subpopulations, which however have distinct roles in tumor tolerance. Proton therapy has been shown to have a lesser impact on the immune system than conventional X-ray radiotherapy through lower dose exposure to healthy tissues. We explored the differential effects of brain X-ray and proton irradiation on circulating leucocyte subpopulations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Leucocyte subpopulation counts from tumor-free mice were obtained 12 hours after 4 fractions of 2.5 Gy. The relationships between irradiation type (X-rays or protons), irradiated volume (whole-brain/hemi-brain) and dose rate (1 or 2 Gy/min) with circulating leucocyte subpopulations (T-CD4+, T-CD8+, B, and NK-cells, neutrophils, and monocytes) were investigated using linear regression and tree-based modeling approaches. Relationships between dose maps (brain, vessels, lymph nodes (LNs)) and leucocyte subpopulations were analyzed and applied to construct the blood dose model, assessing the hypothesis of a direct lymphocyte-killing effect in radiation-induced lymphopenia. RESULTS Radiation-induced lymphopenia occurred after X-ray but not proton brain irradiation in lymphoid subpopulations (T-CD4+, T-CD8+, B, and NK-cells). There was an increase in neutrophil counts following protons but not X-rays. Monocytes remained unchanged under both X-rays and protons. Besides irradiation type, irradiated volume and dose rate had a significant impact on NK-cell, neutrophil and monocyte levels but not T-CD4+, T-CD8+, and B-cells. The dose to the blood had a heterogeneous impact on leucocyte subpopulations: neutrophil counts remained stable with increasing dose to the blood, while lymphocyte counts decreased with increasing dose (T-CD8+-cells > T-CD4+-cells > B-cells > NK-cells). Direct cell-killing effect of the dose to the blood mildly contributed to radiation-induced lymphopenia. LN exposure significantly contributed to lymphopenia and partially explained the distinct impact of irradiation type on circulating lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS Leucocyte subpopulations reacted differently to X-ray or proton brain irradiation. This difference could be partly explained by LN exposure to radiation dose. Further researches and analyses on other biological processes and interactions between leucocyte subpopulations are ongoing. The various mechanisms underlying leucocyte subpopulation changes under different irradiation modalities may have implications for the choice of radiotherapy modalities and their combination with immunotherapy in brain cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao-Nguyen Pham
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CNRS, ISTCT, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
- Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire UMR6534 IN2P3/ENSICAEN, France - Normandie Université, France
| | - Julie Coupey
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CNRS, ISTCT, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Jérôme Toutain
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CNRS, ISTCT, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Serge M Candéias
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-LCBM-UMR5249, Grenoble, France
| | - Gaël Simonin
- CNRS, IPHC, UMR 7178, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marc Rousseau
- CNRS, IPHC, UMR 7178, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Omar Touzani
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CNRS, ISTCT, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Juliette Thariat
- Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire UMR6534 IN2P3/ENSICAEN, France - Normandie Université, France
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, Normandy, France
| | - Samuel Valable
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CNRS, ISTCT, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
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Ramanan D, Chowdhary K, Candéias SM, Sassone-Corsi M, Gelineau A, Mathis D, Benoist C. Homeostatic, repertoire and transcriptional relationships between colon T regulatory cell subsets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2311566120. [PMID: 38064511 PMCID: PMC10723124 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311566120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the colon are key to promoting peaceful coexistence with symbiotic microbes. Differentiated in either thymic or peripheral locations, and modulated by microbes and other cellular influencers, colonic Treg subsets have been identified through key transcription factors (TFs; Helios, Rorγ, Gata3, and cMaf), but their interrelationships are unclear. Applying a multimodal array of immunologic, genomic, and microbiological assays, we find more overlap than expected between populations. The key TFs (Rorγ, Helios, Gata3, and cMaf) play different roles, some essential for subset identity, others driving functional gene signatures. Functional divergence was clearest under challenge. Single-cell genomics revealed a spectrum of phenotypes between the Helios+ and Rorγ+ poles, different Treg-inducing bacteria inducing the same Treg phenotypes to varying degrees, not distinct populations. TCR repertoires in monocolonized mice revealed that Helios+ and Rorγ+ Tregs are related and cannot be uniquely equated to tTreg and pTreg. Comparison of spleen and colon repertoires revealed that 2 to 5% of clonotypes are shared between the locations. We propose that rather than the origin of their differentiation, tissue-specific cues dictate the spectrum of colonic Treg phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Serge M. Candéias
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, Grenoble38054, France
| | | | | | - Diane Mathis
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
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Mika J, Yoshida K, Kusunoki Y, Candéias SM, Polanska J. Sex- and age-specific aspects of human peripheral T-cell dynamics. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1224304. [PMID: 37901211 PMCID: PMC10613070 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1224304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The diversity of the antigenic T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire clonally expressed on T lymphocytes is a key element of the adaptive immune system protective functions. A decline in diversity in the older adults is associated with health deterioration. This diversity is generated by the rearrangement of TRB genes coding for TCR chains during lymphocyte differentiation in the thymus, but is essentially maintained by peripheral T lymphocytes proliferation for most of life. Deep sequencing of rearranged TRB genes from blood cells allows the monitoring of peripheral T cell repertoire dynamics. We analysed two aspects of rearranged TRB diversity, related to T lymphocyte proliferation and to the distribution of the T cell clone size, in a collection of repertoires obtained from 1 to 74 years-old donors. Results Our results show that peripheral T lymphocytes expansion differs according to the recombination status of their TRB loci. Their proliferation rate changes with age, with different patterns in men and women. T cell clone size becomes more heterogeneous with time, and, in adults, is always more even in women. Importantly, a longitudinal analysis of TRB repertoires obtained at ten years intervals from individual men and women confirms the findings of this cross-sectional study. Conclusions Peripheral T lymphocyte proliferation partially depends on their thymic developmental history. The rate of proliferation of T cells differing in their TRB rearrangement status is different in men and women before the age of 18 years old, but similar thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Mika
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Kengo Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kusunoki
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Serge M. Candéias
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (IRIG), Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals (LCBM), Grenoble, France
| | - Joanna Polanska
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
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Ramanan D, Chowdhary K, Candéias SM, Sassone-Corsi M, Mathis D, Benoist C. Homeostatic, repertoire and transcriptional relationships between colon T regulatory cell subsets. bioRxiv 2023:2023.05.17.541199. [PMID: 37292878 PMCID: PMC10245751 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.17.541199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Foxp3 + regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the colon are key to promoting peaceful co-existence with symbiotic microbes. Differentiated in either thymic or peripheral locations, and modulated by microbes and other cellular influencers, colonic Treg subsets have been identified through key transcription factors (TF; Helios, Rorg, Gata3, cMaf), but their inter-relationships are unclear. Applying a multimodal array of immunologic, genomic, and microbiological assays, we find more overlap than expected between populations. The key TFs play different roles, some essential for subset identity, others driving functional gene signatures. Functional divergence was clearest under challenge. Single-cell genomics revealed a spectrum of phenotypes between the Helios+ and Rorγ+ poles, different Treg-inducing bacteria inducing the same Treg phenotypes to varying degrees, not distinct populations. TCR clonotypes in monocolonized mice revealed that Helios+ and Rorγ+ Tregs are related, and cannot be uniquely equated to tTreg and pTreg. We propose that rather than the origin of their differentiation, tissue-specific cues dictate the spectrum of colonic Treg phenotypes.
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Testard I, Garcia-Chartier E, Issa A, Collin-Faure V, Aude-Garcia C, Candéias SM. Bystander signals from low- and high-dose irradiated human primary fibroblasts and keratinocytes modulate the inflammatory response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Radiat Res 2023; 64:304-316. [PMID: 36680763 PMCID: PMC10036099 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrac094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Irradiated cells can propagate signals to neighboring cells. Manifestations of these so-called bystander effects (BEs) are thought to be relatively more important after exposure to low- vs high-dose radiation and can be mediated via the release of secreted molecules, including inflammatory cytokines, from irradiated cells. Thus, BEs can potentially modify the inflammatory environment of irradiated cells. To determine whether these modifications could affect the functionality of bystander immune cells and their inflammatory response, we analyzed and compared the in vitro response of primary human fibroblasts and keratinocytes to low and high doses of radiation and assessed their ability to modulate the inflammatory activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Only high-dose exposure resulted in either up- or down-regulation of selected inflammatory genes. In conditioned culture media transfer experiments, radiation-induced bystander signals elicited from irradiated fibroblasts and keratinocytes were found to modulate the transcription of inflammatory mediator genes in resting PBMCs, and after activation of PBMCs stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a strong inflammatory agent. Radiation-induced BEs induced from skin cells can therefore act as a modifier of the inflammatory response of bystander immune cells and affect their functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Testard
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-LCBM-UMR5249, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Serge M Candéias
- Corresponding author. Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, UMR 5259 CEA-CNRS-UGA, 17 avenue des martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France. Tel: +33(0)4 38 78 92 49; Fax: +33(0)4 38 78 91 21.
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Gilbert A, Payet V, Bernay B, Chartier-Garcia E, Testard I, Candéias SM, Chevalier F. Label-Free Direct Mass Spectrometry Analysis of the Bystander Effects Induced in Chondrocytes by Chondrosarcoma Cells Irradiated with X-rays and Carbon Ions. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2022; 27:277. [DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2709277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Frey B, Mika J, Jelonek K, Cruz-Garcia L, Roelants C, Testard I, Cherradi N, Lumniczky K, Polozov S, Napieralska A, Widlak P, Gaipl US, Badie C, Polanska J, Candéias SM. Systemic modulation of stress and immune parameters in patients treated for prostate adenocarcinoma by intensity-modulated radiation therapy or stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy. Strahlenther Onkol 2020; 196:1018-1033. [PMID: 32519025 PMCID: PMC7581573 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-020-01637-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background In this exploratory study, the impact of local irradiation on systemic changes in stress and immune parameters was investigated in eight patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) for prostate adenocarcinoma to gain deeper insights into how radiotherapy (RT) modulates the immune system. Patients and methods RT-qPCR, flow cytometry, metabolomics, and antibody arrays were used to monitor a panel of stress- and immune-related parameters before RT, after the first fraction (SABR) or the first week of treatment (IMRT), after the last fraction, and 3 weeks later in the blood of IMRT (N = 4) or SABR (N = 4) patients. Effect size analysis was used for comparison of results at different timepoints. Results Several parameters were found to be differentially modulated in IMRT and SABR patients: the expression of TGFB1, IL1B, and CCL3 genes; the expression of HLA-DR on circulating monocytes; the abundance and ratio of phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine metabolites in plasma. More immune modulators in plasma were modulated during IMRT than SABR, with only two common proteins, namely GDF-15 and Tim‑3. Conclusion Locally delivered RT induces systemic modulation of the immune system in prostate adenocarcinoma patients. IMRT and SABR appear to specifically affect distinct immune components. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00066-020-01637-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - J Mika
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - K Jelonek
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - L Cruz-Garcia
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Cancers Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Public Health England, Chilton, OX11 ORQ, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | | | - I Testard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-LCBM-UMR5249, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | - N Cherradi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, IRIG-BCI-UMR_S1036, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | - K Lumniczky
- National Public Health Center, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
| | - S Polozov
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Cancers Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Public Health England, Chilton, OX11 ORQ, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
- HQ Science Limited, 5 The Quay, PE27 5AR, St. Ives, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - A Napieralska
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - P Widlak
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - U S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - C Badie
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Cancers Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Public Health England, Chilton, OX11 ORQ, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - J Polanska
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - S M Candéias
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-LCBM-UMR5249, 38054, Grenoble, France.
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Mika J, Kabacik S, Badie C, Polanska J, Candéias SM. Germline DNA Retention in Murine and Human Rearranged T Cell Receptor Gene Coding Joints: Alternative Recombination Signal Sequences and V(D)J Recombinase Errors. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2637. [PMID: 31781122 PMCID: PMC6857471 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The genes coding for the antigenic T cell receptor (TR) subunits are assembled in thymocytes from discrete V, D, and J genes by a site-specific recombination process. A tight control of this activity is required to prevent potentially detrimental recombination events. V, D, and J genes are flanked by semi-conserved nucleotide motives called recombination signal sequences (RSSs). V(D)J recombination is initiated by the precise introduction of a DNA double-strand break exactly at the border of the genes and their RSSs by the RAG recombinase. RSSs are therefore physically separated from the coding region of the genes before assembly of a rearranged TR gene. During a high throughput profiling of TRB genes in mice, we identified rearranged TRB genes in which part or all of a flanking RSS was retained in V-D or D-J coding joints. In some instances, this retention of germline DNA resulted from the use of an upstream alternative RSS. However, we also identified TRB sequences where retention of germline DNA occurred in the absence of alternative RSS, suggesting that RAG activity was mis-targeted during recombination. Similar events were also identified in human rearranged TRB and TRG genes. The use of alternative RSSs during V(D)J recombination illustrates the complexity of RAG-RSSs interactions during V(D)J recombination. While the frequency of errors resulting from mis-targeted RAG activity is very low, we believe that these RAG errors may be at the origin of oncogenic translocations and are a threat for genetic stability in developing lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Mika
- Data Mining Division, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sylwia Kabacik
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Public Health England Chilton, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Badie
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Public Health England Chilton, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Polanska
- Data Mining Division, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Serge M Candéias
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-LCBM, Grenoble, France
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Césaire M, Thariat J, Candéias SM, Stefan D, Saintigny Y, Chevalier F. Combining PARP inhibition, radiation, and immunotherapy: A possible strategy to improve the treatment of cancer? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123793. [PMID: 30487462 PMCID: PMC6321381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the practice of oncology, improving survival in certain groups of patients with cancer. Immunotherapy can synergize with radiation therapy, increase locoregional control, and have abscopal effects. Combining it with other treatments, such as targeted therapies, is a promising means of improving the efficacy of immunotherapy. Because the value of immunotherapy is amplified with the expression of tumor antigens, coupling poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and immunotherapy might be a promising treatment for cancer. Further, PARP inhibitors (PARPis) are being combined with radiation therapy to inhibit DNA repair functions, thus enhancing the effects of radiation; this association might interact with the antitumor immune response. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes are central to the antitumor immune response. PARP inhibitors and ionizing radiation can enhance the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes into the tumor bed, but they can also enhance PD-1/PDL-1 expression. Thus, the addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors with PARP inhibitors and/or ionizing radiation could counterbalance such immunosuppressive effects. With the present review article, we proposed to evaluate some of these associated therapies, and we explored the biological mechanisms and medical benefits of the potential combination of radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Césaire
- LARIA, iRCM, François Jacob Institute, DRF-CEA, 14076 Caen, France.
- UMR6252 CIMAP, CEA - CNRS - ENSICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie, 14076 Caen, France.
- Radiotherapy Unit, Centre François Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - Juliette Thariat
- Radiotherapy Unit, Centre François Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - Serge M Candéias
- ProMD, Chemistry and Biology of Metals Laboratory, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, BIG-LCBM, 38054 Grenoble, France.
| | - Dinu Stefan
- Radiotherapy Unit, Centre François Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - Yannick Saintigny
- LARIA, iRCM, François Jacob Institute, DRF-CEA, 14076 Caen, France.
- UMR6252 CIMAP, CEA - CNRS - ENSICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie, 14076 Caen, France.
| | - François Chevalier
- LARIA, iRCM, François Jacob Institute, DRF-CEA, 14076 Caen, France.
- UMR6252 CIMAP, CEA - CNRS - ENSICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie, 14076 Caen, France.
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Cruz-Garcia L, O’Brien G, Donovan E, Gothard L, Boyle S, Laval A, Testard I, Ponge L, Woźniak G, Miszczyk L, Candéias SM, Ainsbury E, Widlak P, Somaiah N, Badie C. Influence of Confounding Factors on Radiation Dose Estimation Using In Vivo Validated Transcriptional Biomarkers. Health Phys 2018; 115:90-101. [PMID: 29787434 PMCID: PMC5967635 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
For triage purposes following a nuclear accident, blood-based gene expression biomarkers can provide rapid dose estimates for a large number of individuals. Ionizing-radiation-responsive genes are regulated through the DNA damage-response pathway, which includes activation of multiple transcription factors. Modulators of this pathway could potentially affect the response of these biomarkers and consequently compromise accurate dose estimation calculations. In the present study, four potential confounding factors were selected: cancer condition, sex, simulated bacterial infection (lipopolysaccharide), and curcumin, an anti-inflammatory/antioxidant agent. Their potential influence on the transcriptional response to radiation of the genes CCNG1 and PHPT1, two biomarkers of radiation exposure ex vivo, was assessed. First, both CCNG1 and PHPT1 were detected in vivo in blood samples from radiotherapy patients and as such were validated as biomarkers of exposure. Importantly, their basal expression level was slightly but significantly affected in vivo by patients' cancer condition. Moreover, lipopolysaccharide stimulation of blood irradiated ex vivo led to a significant modification of CCNG1 and PHPT1 transcriptional response in a dose- and time-dependent manner with opposite regulatory effects. Curcumin also affected CCNG1 and PHPT1 transcriptional response counteracting some of the radiation induction. No differences were observed based on sex. Dose estimations calculated using linear regression were affected by lipopolysaccharide and curcumin. In conclusion, several confounding factors tested in this study can indeed modulate the transcriptional response of CCNG1 and PHPT1 and consequently can affect radiation exposure dose estimations but not to a level which should prevent the biomarkers' use for triage purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Cruz-Garcia
- Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical & Environmental Hazards Public Health England Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 ORQ United Kingdom
| | - Grainne O’Brien
- Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical & Environmental Hazards Public Health England Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 ORQ United Kingdom
| | - Ellen Donovan
- Centre for Vision Speech and Signal Processing, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7TE, UK
| | - Lone Gothard
- Institute for Cancer Research/Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Sue Boyle
- Institute for Cancer Research/Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Antoine Laval
- CEA, DRF, BIG-LCBM, F-38000 Grenoble, France. CNRS, LCBM, UMR 5249, F-38000 Grenoble, France.Univ. Grenoble Alpes, BIG-LCBM, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Testard
- CEA, DRF, BIG-LCBM, F-38000 Grenoble, France. CNRS, LCBM, UMR 5249, F-38000 Grenoble, France.Univ. Grenoble Alpes, BIG-LCBM, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Lucyna Ponge
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute – Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Woźniak
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute – Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Leszek Miszczyk
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute – Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Serge M. Candéias
- CEA, DRF, BIG-LCBM, F-38000 Grenoble, France. CNRS, LCBM, UMR 5249, F-38000 Grenoble, France.Univ. Grenoble Alpes, BIG-LCBM, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Elizabeth Ainsbury
- Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical & Environmental Hazards Public Health England Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 ORQ United Kingdom
| | - Piotr Widlak
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute – Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Navita Somaiah
- Institute for Cancer Research/Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Christophe Badie
- Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical & Environmental Hazards Public Health England Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 ORQ United Kingdom
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Candéias SM, Kabacik S, Olsen AK, Eide DM, Brede DA, Bouffler S, Badie C. Ionizing radiation does not impair the mechanisms controlling genetic stability during T cell receptor gene rearrangement in mice. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:357-365. [PMID: 29431562 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1439195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether low dose/low dose rate radiation-induced genetic instability may result from radiation-induced inactivation of mechanisms induced by the ATM-dependent DNA damage response checkpoint. To this end, we analysed the faithfulness of T cell receptor (TR) gene rearrangement by V(D)J recombination in DNA from mice exposed to a single dose of X-ray or chronically exposed to low dose rate γ radiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genomic DNA obtained from the blood or the thymus of wild type or Ogg1-deficient mice exposed to low (0.1) or intermediate/high (0.2-1 Gy) doses of radiation either by acute X-rays exposure or protracted exposure to low dose-rate γ-radiation was used to analyse by PCR the presence of illegitimate TR gene rearrangements. RESULTS Radiation exposure does not increase the onset of TR gene trans-rearrangements in irradiated mice. In mice where it happens, trans-rearrangements remain sporadic events in developing T lymphocytes. CONCLUSION We concluded that low dose/low dose rate ionizing radiation (IR) exposure does not lead to widespread inactivation of ATM-dependent mechanisms, and therefore that the mechanisms enforcing genetic stability are not impaired by IR in developing lymphocytes and lymphocyte progenitors, including BM-derived hematopoietic stem cells, in low dose/low dose rate exposed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge M Candéias
- a CEA, CNRS, BIG-LCBM, University of Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble , France
| | - Sylwia Kabacik
- b Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Oxfordshire , UK
| | - Ann-Karin Olsen
- c Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE) , Ås , Norway.,d Department of Molecular Biology , Norwegian Institute of Public Health , Oslo , Norway
| | - Dag M Eide
- c Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE) , Ås , Norway.,e Department of Toxicology and Risk , Norwegian Institute of Public Health , Oslo , Norway
| | - Dag A Brede
- c Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE) , Ås , Norway.,f Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) , Ås , Norway
| | - Simon Bouffler
- b Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Oxfordshire , UK
| | - Christophe Badie
- b Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Oxfordshire , UK
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Lumniczky K, Candéias SM, Gaipl US, Frey B. Editorial: Radiation and the Immune System: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1933. [PMID: 29410662 PMCID: PMC5787080 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Lumniczky
- Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Institute (OKI), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Serge M Candéias
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, BIG-LCBM, Grenoble, France
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Candéias SM, Mika J, Finnon P, Verbiest T, Finnon R, Brown N, Bouffler S, Polanska J, Badie C. Low-dose radiation accelerates aging of the T-cell receptor repertoire in CBA/Ca mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4339-4351. [PMID: 28667356 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2581-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While the biological effects of high-dose-ionizing radiation on human health are well characterized, the consequences of low-dose radiation exposure remain poorly defined, even though they are of major importance for radiological protection. Lymphocytes are very radiosensitive, and radiation-induced health effects may result from immune cell loss and/or immune system impairment. To decipher the mechanisms of effects of low doses, we analyzed the modulation of the T-cell receptor gene repertoire in mice exposed to a single low (0.1 Gy) or high (1 Gy) dose of radiation. High-throughput T-cell receptor gene profiling was used to visualize T-lymphocyte dynamics over time in control and irradiated mice. Radiation exposure induces "aging-like" effects on the T-cell receptor gene repertoire, detectable as early as 1 month post-exposure and for at least 6 months. Surprisingly, these effects are more pronounced in animals exposed to 0.1 Gy than to 1 Gy, where partial correction occurs over time. Importantly, we found that low-dose radiation effects are partially due to the hematopoietic stem cell impairment. Collectively, our findings show that acute low-dose radiation exposure specifically results in long-term alterations of the T-lymphocyte repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge M Candéias
- CEA, Fundamental Research Division, Biosciences and Biotechnologies Institute, Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, 38054, Grenoble, France. .,Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, CNRS, UMR5249, 38054, Grenoble, France. .,Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, UMR5249, University of Grenoble-Alpes, 38054, Grenoble, France.
| | - Justyna Mika
- Data Mining Group, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Paul Finnon
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, CRCE, Public Health England, Didcot, UK
| | - Tom Verbiest
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, CRCE, Public Health England, Didcot, UK
| | - Rosemary Finnon
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, CRCE, Public Health England, Didcot, UK
| | - Natalie Brown
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, CRCE, Public Health England, Didcot, UK
| | - Simon Bouffler
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, CRCE, Public Health England, Didcot, UK
| | - Joanna Polanska
- Data Mining Group, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Christophe Badie
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department, CRCE, Public Health England, Didcot, UK.
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Mavragani IV, Laskaratou DA, Frey B, Candéias SM, Gaipl US, Lumniczky K, Georgakilas AG. Key mechanisms involved in ionizing radiation-induced systemic effects. A current review. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:12-33. [PMID: 30090323 PMCID: PMC6061884 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00222b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms respond to physical, chemical and biological threats by a potent inflammatory response, aimed at preserving tissue integrity and restoring tissue homeostasis and function. Systemic effects in an organism refer to an effect or phenomenon which originates at a specific point and can spread throughout the body affecting a group of organs or tissues. Ionizing radiation (IR)-induced systemic effects arise usually from a local exposure of an organ or part of the body. This stress induces a variety of responses in the irradiated cells/tissues, initiated by the DNA damage response and DNA repair (DDR/R), apoptosis or immune response, including inflammation. Activation of this IR-response (IRR) system, especially at the organism level, consists of several subsystems and exerts a variety of targeted and non-targeted effects. Based on the above, we believe that in order to understand this complex response system better one should follow a 'holistic' approach including all possible mechanisms and at all organization levels. In this review, we describe the current status of knowledge on the topic, as well as the key molecules and main mechanisms involved in the 'spreading' of the message throughout the body or cells. Last but not least, we discuss the danger-signal mediated systemic immune effects of radiotherapy for the clinical setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifigeneia V Mavragani
- Physics Department , School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences , National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) , Zografou 15780 , Athens , Greece . ; ; Tel: +30-210-7724453
| | - Danae A Laskaratou
- Physics Department , School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences , National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) , Zografou 15780 , Athens , Greece . ; ; Tel: +30-210-7724453
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology , University Hospital Erlangen , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Serge M Candéias
- iRTSV-LCBM , CEA , Grenoble F-38000 , France
- IRTSV-LCBM , CNRS , Grenoble F-38000 , France
- iRTSV-LCBM , Univ. Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble F-38000 , France
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology , University Hospital Erlangen , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Katalin Lumniczky
- Frédéric Joliot-Curie National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Physics Department , School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences , National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) , Zografou 15780 , Athens , Greece . ; ; Tel: +30-210-7724453
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15
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Candéias SM, Testard I. The many interactions between the innate immune system and the response to radiation. Cancer Lett 2015; 368:173-8. [PMID: 25681669 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The role of the immune system in the protection of the organism against biological aggressions is long established and well-studied. A new role emerged more recently in the protection from - and the response to - physical trauma such as exposure to ionizing radiation. A pre-existing inflammation, induced by administration of an inflammatory cytokine or of a Toll-like receptor agonist, is indeed able to mitigate the toxic effects of acute radiation exposure. Conversely, it appears that the innate immune system can be activated during the course of the cellular response to radiation. Activation of different sensors and pattern recognition receptors by intra-cellular molecules such as HMGB1 or DNA released in the extra-cellular milieu or in the cytosol by irradiated cells induces the production of inflammatory and anti-viral cytokines. In addition, in human monocytes and macrophages, the expression of inflammatory cytokine genes can be directly induced by p53- and ATM-dependent mechanisms. This last finding establishes a direct link between radiation-induced DNA damage response and radiation-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge M Candéias
- iRTSV-LCBM, CEA, Grenoble F-38000, France; IRTSV-LCBM, CNRS, Grenoble F-38000, France; iRTSV-LCBM, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble F-38000, France.
| | - Isabelle Testard
- iRTSV-LCBM, CEA, Grenoble F-38000, France; IRTSV-LCBM, CNRS, Grenoble F-38000, France; iRTSV-LCBM, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble F-38000, France
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16
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Gentil Dit Maurin A, Lemercier C, Collin-Faure V, Marche PN, Jouvin-Marche E, Candéias SM. Developmental regulation of p53-dependent radiation-induced thymocyte apoptosis in mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 179:30-8. [PMID: 24635132 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of T cell receptor αβ(+) (TCRαβ(+) ) T lymphocytes in the thymus is a tightly regulated process that can be monitored by the regulated expression of several surface molecules, including CD4, CD8, cKit, CD25 and the TCR itself, after TCR genes have been assembled from discrete V, D (for TCR-β) and J gene segments by a site-directed genetic recombination. Thymocyte differentiation is the result of a delicate balance between cell death and survival: developing thymocytes die unless they receive a positive signal to proceed to the next stage. This equilibrium is altered in response to various physiological or physical stresses such as ionizing radiation, which induces a massive p53-dependent apoptosis of CD4(+) CD8(+) double-positive (DP) thymocytes. Interestingly, these cells are actively rearranging their TCR-α chain genes. To unravel an eventual link between V(D)J recombination activity and thymocyte radio-sensitivity, we analysed the dynamics of thymocyte apoptosis and regeneration following exposure of wild-type and p53-deficient mice to different doses of γ-radiation. p53-dependent radio-sensitivity was already found to be high in immature CD4(-) CD8(-) (double-negative, DN) cKit(+) CD25(+) thymocytes, where TCR-β gene rearrangement is initiated. However, TCR-αβ(-) CD8(+) immature single-positive thymocytes, an actively cycling intermediate population between the DN and DP stages, are the most radio-sensitive cells in the thymus, even though their apoptosis is only partially p53-dependent. Within the DP population, TCR-αβ(+) thymocytes that completed TCR-α gene recombination are more radio-resistant than their TCR-αβ(-) progenitors. Finally, we found no correlation between p53 activation and thymocyte sensitivity to radiation-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gentil Dit Maurin
- CEA, DSV, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France; INSERM U1038, Grenoble, France; Grenoble Alpes Université, Grenoble, France
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17
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Nzengue Y, Candéias SM, Sauvaigo S, Douki T, Favier A, Rachidi W, Guiraud P. The toxicity redox mechanisms of cadmium alone or together with copper and zinc homeostasis alteration: its redox biomarkers. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2011; 25:171-80. [PMID: 21820296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2010] [Revised: 05/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal and can induce and/or promote diseases in humans (cancer, aging diseases, kidney and bone diseases, etc.). Its toxicity involves many mechanisms including the alteration of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) homeostasis leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, either directly or through the inhibition of antioxidant activities. Importantly, ROS can induce oxidative damages in cells. Cadmium, Cu and Zn are also able to induce glutathione (GSH) and metallothioneins (MT) synthesis in a cell-type-dependent manner. As a consequence, the effects induced by these three metals result simultaneously from the inhibition of antioxidant activities and the induction of other factors such as GSH and MT synthesis. MT levels are regulated not only by the p53 protein in a cell-type-dependent manner, or by transcription factors such as metal-responsive transcription factor 1 (MTF-1) and cellular Zn levels but also by cellular GSH level. As described in the literature, DNA damage, GSH and MT levels are sensitive biomarkers used to identify Cd-induced toxicity alone or together with Cu and Zn homeostasis alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Nzengue
- INAC/SCIB UMR-E3 CEA/UJF, Laboratoire Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France.
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18
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Aude-Garcia C, Villiers C, Candéias SM, Garrel C, Bertrand C, Collin V, Marche PN, Jouvin-Marche E. Enhanced susceptibility of T lymphocytes to oxidative stress in the absence of the cellular prion protein. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 68:687-96. [PMID: 20717837 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Revised: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The cellular prion glycoprotein (PrP(C)) is ubiquitously expressed but its physiologic functions remain enigmatic, particularly in the immune system. Here, we demonstrate in vitro and in vivo that PrP(C) is involved in T lymphocytes response to oxidative stress. By monitoring the intracellular level of reduced glutathione, we show that PrP(-/-) thymocytes display a higher susceptibility to H(2)O(2) exposure than PrP(+/+) cells. Furthermore, we find that in mice fed with a restricted diet, a regimen known to increase the intracellular level of ROS, PrP(-/-) thymocytes are more sensitive to oxidative stress. PrP(C) function appears to be specific for oxidative stress, since no significant differences are observed between PrP(-/-) and PrP(+/+) mice exposed to other kinds of stress. We also show a marked evolution of the redox status of T cells throughout differentiation in the thymus. Taken together, our results clearly ascribe to PrP(C) a protective function in thymocytes against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Aude-Garcia
- CEA, DSV, iRTSV, Laboratoire Biochimie et Biophysique des Systèmes Intégrés, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
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Touvrey C, Couedel C, Soulas P, Couderc R, Jasin M, de Villartay JP, Marche PN, Jouvin-Marche E, Candéias SM. Distinct effects of DNA-PKcs and Artemis inactivation on signal joint formation in vivo. Mol Immunol 2008; 45:3383-91. [PMID: 18501428 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The assembly of functional immune receptor genes via V(D)J recombination in developing lymphocytes generates DNA double-stranded breaks intermediates that are repaired by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). This repair pathway requires the sequential recruitment and activation onto coding and signal DNA ends of several proteins, including the DNA-dependent protein kinase and the nuclease Artemis. Artemis activity, triggered by the DNA-dependent protein kinase, is necessary to process the genes hairpin-sealed coding ends but appears dispensable for the ligation of the reciprocal phosphorylated, blunt-ended signal ends into a signal joint. The DNA-dependent protein kinase is however present on signal ends and could potentially recruit and activate Artemis during signal joint formation. To determine whether Artemis plays a role during the resolution of signal ends during V(D)J recombination, we analyzed the structure of signal joints generated in developing thymocytes during the rearrangement of T cell receptor genes in wild type mice and mice mutated for NHEJ factors. These joints exhibit junctional diversity resulting from N nucleotide polymerization by the terminal nucleotidyl transferase and nucleotide loss from one or both of the signal ends before they are ligated. Our results show that Artemis participates in the repair of signal ends in vivo. Furthermore, our results also show that while the DNA-dependent protein kinase complex protects signal ends from processing, including deletions, Artemis seems on the opposite to promote their accessibility to modifying enzymes. In addition, these data suggest that Artemis might be the nuclease responsible for nucleotide loss from signal ends during the repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Touvrey
- CEA, DSV, DRDC, Laboratoire d'Immunochimie, INSERM U548, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble F-38054, France
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Viau M, Collin-Faure V, Richaud P, Ravanat JL, Candéias SM. Cadmium and T cell differentiation: Limited impact in vivo but significant toxicity in fetal thymus organ culture. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2007; 223:257-66. [PMID: 17632194 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2007.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Revised: 05/26/2007] [Accepted: 05/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
DNA lesions, including oxydated bases, nucleotide damage and double strand breaks, are continuously produced in living cells and represent a threat for genetic stability. Highly conserved repair processes have evolved to maintain DNA integrity. Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental carcinogenic pollutant known to inactivate several proteins involved in DNA repair systems while at the same time creating an oxidative stress that can result in additional DNA lesions. Cd also has potent immunotoxic effects. DNA repair by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is absolutely required for T lymphocyte differentiation. In this study, we examined the impact of Cd on non-homologous end joining pathway by analyzing T cell development in the thymus of mice that received Cd-supplemented drinking water. In vivo, the absence of major alteration indicates that Cd does not affect NHEJ, despite its accumulation in the thymus. Cd contamination affects only a discrete population of developing thymocytes. However, these cells are functional as the cellular response observed in mice following gamma-radiation exposure is identical in treated and control mice. Furthermore, Cd diet did not perturb the redox status in thymocytes and more importantly did not generate significant DNA lesions in organs that accumulate the highest concentration of Cd. Our results show that in vivo, Cd does not affect NHEJ or base and nucleotide repair, and that Cd toxicity to T cells is rather linked to cell cycle perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Viau
- CEA-Grenoble, DSM, DRFMC, SCIB, Laboratoire Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, Université Joseph Fourier, UMR E3, Grenoble, France
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Touvrey C, Cowell LG, Lieberman AE, Marche PN, Jouvin-Marche E, Candéias SM. Reassignment of the murine 3'TRDD1 recombination signal sequence. Immunogenetics 2006; 58:895-903. [PMID: 17021860 PMCID: PMC1876511 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-006-0150-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2006] [Accepted: 08/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
T cell receptor genes are assembled in developing T lymphocytes from discrete V, D, and J genes by a site-specific somatic rearrangement mechanism. A flanking recombination signal, composed of a conserved heptamer and a semiconserved nonamer separated by 12 or 23 variable nucleotides, targets the activity of the rearrangement machinery to the adjoining V, D, and J genes. Following the rearrangement of V, D, or J genes, their respective recombination signals are ligated together. Although these signal joints are allegedly invariant, created by the head-to-head abuttal of the heptamers, some do exhibit junctional diversity. Recombination signals were initially identified by comparison and alignment of germ-line sequences with the sequence of rearranged genes. However, their overall low level of sequence conservation makes their characterization solely from sequence data difficult. Recently, computational analysis unraveled correlations between nucleotides at several positions scattered within the spacer and recombination activity, so that it is now possible to identify putative recombination signals and determine and predict their recombination efficiency. In this paper, we analyzed the variability introduced in signal joints generated after rearrangement of the TRDD1 and TRDD2 genes in murine thymocytes. The recurrent presence of identical nucleotides inserted in these signal joints led us to reconsider the location and sequence of the TRDD1 recombination signal. By combining molecular characterization and computational analysis, we show that the functional TRDD1 recombination signal is shifted inside the putative coding sequence of the TRDD1 gene and, consequently, that this gene is shorter than indicated in the databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Touvrey
- Laboratoire d'immunochimie
INSERM : U548 CEA-DSV-DRDCUniversité Joseph-Fourier - Grenoble I17, Rue Des Martyrs
38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, FR
| | - Lindsay G. Cowell
- Departments of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics and Immunology
Duke UniversityDurham, NC, US
| | - Ann E. Lieberman
- Departments of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics and Immunology
Duke UniversityDurham, NC, US
| | - Patrice N. Marche
- Laboratoire d'immunochimie
INSERM : U548 CEA-DSV-DRDCUniversité Joseph-Fourier - Grenoble I17, Rue Des Martyrs
38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, FR
| | - Evelyne Jouvin-Marche
- Laboratoire d'immunochimie
INSERM : U548 CEA-DSV-DRDCUniversité Joseph-Fourier - Grenoble I17, Rue Des Martyrs
38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, FR
| | - Serge M. Candéias
- Laboratoire d'immunochimie
INSERM : U548 CEA-DSV-DRDCUniversité Joseph-Fourier - Grenoble I17, Rue Des Martyrs
38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, FR
- * Correspondence should be adressed to: Serge M. Candéias
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Touvrey C, Borel E, Marche PN, Jouvin-Marche E, Candéias SM. Gene-specific signal joint modifications during V(D)J recombination of TCRAD locus genes in murine and human thymocytes. Immunobiology 2006; 211:741-51. [PMID: 17015149 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2006.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2006] [Revised: 04/28/2006] [Accepted: 04/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
V(D)J recombination assembles functional T-cell receptor (TCR) genes from V, D and J components in developing thymocytes. Extensive processing of V, D and J extremities before they are ligated creates a high degree of junctional diversity which results in the generation of a large repertoire of different TCR chains. In contrast, the extremities of the intervening DNA segment, which bear the recombination signal sequences, are generally held to be monomorphic, so that signal joints (SJs) consist of the perfect head-to-head juxtaposition of recombination signal extremities. We analyzed the structure of SJs generated during the recombination of TCRAD locus genes in murine and human thymocytes. Junctional diversity resulting from N nucleotide additions or from N nucleotide additions and base loss was found for each type of SJ examined. Different patterns of processing/modification were found, suggesting that different enzymatic activities operate during recombination of TCRA and TCRD genes, although they are located within the same genetic locus. Recombination of the deltaRec-1 element generates a diverse repertoire of SJs exhibiting both combinatorial and junctional diversity in murine and human thymocytes. Therefore, SJ diversity appears to be an intrinsic feature of V(D)J recombination in unmanipulated thymocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Touvrey
- CEA, DSV, DRDC, Laboratoire d'Immunochimie, 17 rue des martyrs, Grenoble F-38054, France
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Abstract
IL-12 is mainly produced by CD8alpha(+) dendritic cells (DCs) and induces Th1 polarization of the immune response. We investigated the influence of lymphocytes on splenic DC (SDC) and thymic DC (TDC) development and on their IL-12 production capacity. First, CD3epsilon(-/-) mice, lacking T cells, and RAG-2(-/-) mice, lacking T and B cells, possess numbers of SDCs, TDCs, and CD8alpha(+) SDCs similar to wild-type (WT) mice. Second, SDCs and TDCs from CD3epsilon(-/-) mice do not secrete IL-12 in vitro after different stimulations, whereas DCs from pTalpha(-/-) mice, possessing reduced T cell number, and RAG-2(-/-) mice, produce an IL-12 level similar to that of WT DCs. We show that T lymphocytes restore the capacity of DCs to produce IL-12 after stimulation in vivo by reconstitution of CD3epsilon(-/-) mice with WT T cells and in vitro by coculture of CD3epsilon(-/-) DCs with WT T cells. The regulation of IL-12 production occurred at the transcriptional level, with an increase of IL-12p35 transcripts and a decrease of IL-12p40 transcripts. Although IL-4 restores IL-12 production by CD3epsilon(-/-) SDCs, anti-IL-4 Abs inhibited only partially the IL-12 production in coculture of CD3epsilon(-/-) DCs and WT T cells. Taken together, these data show that T lymphocytes potentiate IL-12 production by DCs and that IL-4 is not solely involved in this regulation. In conclusion, B and T cells exert balanced actions on DCs by respectively inhibiting or promoting IL-12 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Rizzitelli
- Laboratoire d'Immunochimie, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Grenoble/Département Réponse et Dynamique Cellilaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 548, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
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Mancini SJ, Candéias SM, Di Santo JP, Ferrier P, Marche PN, Jouvin-Marche E. TCRA gene rearrangement in immature thymocytes in absence of CD3, pre-TCR, and TCR signaling. J Immunol 2001; 167:4485-93. [PMID: 11591775 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.8.4485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During thymocyte differentiation, TCRA genes are massively rearranged only after productively rearranged TCRB genes are expressed in association with pTalpha and CD3 complex molecules within a pre-TCR. Signaling from the pre-TCR via the CD3 complex is thought to be required to promote TCRA gene accessibility and recombination. However, alphabeta(+) thymocytes do develop in pTalpha-deficient mice, showing that TCRalpha-chain genes are rearranged, either in CD4(-)CD8(-) or CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes, in the absence of pre-TCR expression. In this study, we analyzed the TCRA gene recombination status of early immature thymocytes in mutant mice with arrested thymocyte development, deficient for either CD3 or pTalpha and gammac expression. ADV genes belonging to different families were found rearranged to multiple AJ segments in both cases. Thus, TCRA gene rearrangement is independent of CD3 and gammac signaling. However, CD3 expression was found to play a role in transcription of rearranged TCRalpha-chain genes in CD4(-)CD8(-) thymocytes. Taken together, these results provide new insights into the molecular control of early T cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Mancini
- Laboratoire d'Immunochimie, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Grenoble, Département de Biologie Moléculaire et Structurale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U548, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
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25
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Mancini S, Candéias SM, Fehling HJ, von Boehmer H, Jouvin-Marche E, Marche PN. TCR alpha-chain repertoire in pTalpha-deficient mice is diverse and developmentally regulated: implications for pre-TCR functions and TCRA gene rearrangement. J Immunol 1999; 163:6053-9. [PMID: 10570293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Pre-TCR expression on developing thymocytes allows cells with productive TCRB gene rearrangements to further differentiate. In wild-type mice, most TCRA gene rearrangements are initiated after pre-TCR expression. However, in pTalpha-deficient mice, a substantial number of alphabeta+ thymocytes are still produced, in part because early TCR alpha-chain expression can rescue immature thymocytes from cell death. In this study, the nature of these TCR alpha-chains, produced and expressed in the absence of pre-TCR expression, have been analyzed. We show, by FACS analysis and sequencing of rearranged transcripts, that the TCRA repertoire is diverse in pTalpha-/- mice and that the developmental regulation of AJ segment use is maintained, yet slightly delayed around birth when compared with wild-type mice. We also found that T cell differentiation is more affected by pTalpha inactivation during late gestation than later in life. These data suggest that the pre-TCR is not functionally required for the initiation and regulation of TCRA gene rearrangement and that fetal thymocytes are more dependent than adult cells on pTalpha-derived signals for their differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mancini
- Laboratoire d'Immunochimie, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Grenoble, Département de Biologie Moléculaire et Structurale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unit 238, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
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26
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Abstract
The recruitment and activation of DNA-repair mechanisms at the sites of DNA-damage after exposure of cells to genotoxic stress are poorly understood. The DNA-dependent kinase (DNA-PK) was considered to be a likely candidate for initiating these events because of the conditions required for its activation, its phosphorylation of p53 in vitro and the extreme radiosensitivity induced by its inactivation in vivo. We analyzed irradiation-induced p53-activation in SCID mice, which lack DNA-PK activity, and found that p53-dependent apoptosis and p21waf/cip1/sdi1 transcription in these animals are at least as efficient as in wild-type mice. Thus, our results show that DNA-PK is not the main sensor for genotoxic stress and is not required for p53 activation. In fact, they rather suggest that DNA-PK may play a role in p53 down-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Candéias
- Intramural Research Support Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Maryland 21702-1201, USA
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27
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Kouskoff V, Mantovani RM, Candéias SM, Dorn A, Staub A, Lisowska-Grospierre B, Griscelli C, Benoist CO, Mathis DJ. NF-X, a transcription factor implicated in MHC class II gene regulation. J Immunol 1991; 146:3197-204. [PMID: 2016543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The X box has been shown in several assay systems to be a critical element of MHC class II gene promoters. Several X box-binding activities have been discovered in nuclear extracts from a variety of cell lines. The critical question is: which of these are responsible for mediating X box function? This report provides a further characterization of NF-X, a highly specific X box-binding activity we described previously. The cell-type distribution, structural features, and binding site characteristics of NF-X are analyzed in detail, to facilitate comparison with other reported activities. Most importantly, the functional relevance of NF-X is assessed by scanning mutagenesis, and the results indicate that this complex is indeed involved in regulating MHC class II gene expression. With these data in mind, the relationship between NF-X and RF-X, an X box-binding activity reported to be absent in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kouskoff
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Eucaryotes du C.N.R.S. Unité 184 de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génie, Génétique de l'I.N.S.E.R.M., Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
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28
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Kouskoff V, Mantovani RM, Candéias SM, Dorn A, Staub A, Lisowska-Grospierre B, Griscelli C, Benoist CO, Mathis DJ. NF-X, a transcription factor implicated in MHC class II gene regulation. The Journal of Immunology 1991. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.146.9.3197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The X box has been shown in several assay systems to be a critical element of MHC class II gene promoters. Several X box-binding activities have been discovered in nuclear extracts from a variety of cell lines. The critical question is: which of these are responsible for mediating X box function? This report provides a further characterization of NF-X, a highly specific X box-binding activity we described previously. The cell-type distribution, structural features, and binding site characteristics of NF-X are analyzed in detail, to facilitate comparison with other reported activities. Most importantly, the functional relevance of NF-X is assessed by scanning mutagenesis, and the results indicate that this complex is indeed involved in regulating MHC class II gene expression. With these data in mind, the relationship between NF-X and RF-X, an X box-binding activity reported to be absent in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kouskoff
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Eucaryotes du C.N.R.S. Unité 184 de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génie, Génétique de l'I.N.S.E.R.M., Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
| | - R M Mantovani
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Eucaryotes du C.N.R.S. Unité 184 de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génie, Génétique de l'I.N.S.E.R.M., Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
| | - S M Candéias
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Eucaryotes du C.N.R.S. Unité 184 de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génie, Génétique de l'I.N.S.E.R.M., Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
| | - A Dorn
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Eucaryotes du C.N.R.S. Unité 184 de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génie, Génétique de l'I.N.S.E.R.M., Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
| | - A Staub
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Eucaryotes du C.N.R.S. Unité 184 de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génie, Génétique de l'I.N.S.E.R.M., Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
| | - B Lisowska-Grospierre
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Eucaryotes du C.N.R.S. Unité 184 de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génie, Génétique de l'I.N.S.E.R.M., Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
| | - C Griscelli
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Eucaryotes du C.N.R.S. Unité 184 de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génie, Génétique de l'I.N.S.E.R.M., Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
| | - C O Benoist
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Eucaryotes du C.N.R.S. Unité 184 de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génie, Génétique de l'I.N.S.E.R.M., Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
| | - D J Mathis
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Eucaryotes du C.N.R.S. Unité 184 de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génie, Génétique de l'I.N.S.E.R.M., Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
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