101
|
Tam TLD, Lin TT. Tuning Energy Levels and Film Morphology in Benzodithiophene–Thienopyrrolodione Copolymers via Nitrogen Substitutions. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Teck Lip Dexter Tam
- Agency
of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Ting Ting Lin
- Agency
of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Kim J, Eun Song C, Lee SK, Lim E. TPD- and DPP-based Small Molecule Donors Containing Pyridine End Groups for Organic Photovoltaic Cells. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jungwoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Kyonggi University; Gyeonggi 443-760 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Eun Song
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT); Daejeon 305-600 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT); Daejeon 305-600 Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Lim
- Department of Chemistry; Kyonggi University; Gyeonggi 443-760 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Yang C, Li H, Tong J, Li J, Zhang P, Xia Y. Dithieno[2,3-d:2′,3′-d′]naphtho[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene based medium bandgap conjugated polymers for photovoltaic applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Yang
- Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry, Lanzhou Jiaotong University; Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Huijuan Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Lanzhou Jiaotong University; Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Junfeng Tong
- Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry, Lanzhou Jiaotong University; Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry, Lanzhou Jiaotong University; Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry, Lanzhou Jiaotong University; Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Yangjun Xia
- Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry, Lanzhou Jiaotong University; Lanzhou 730000 China
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Ku J, Gim Y, Lansac Y, Jang YH. N-Alkylthienopyrroledione versus benzothiadiazole pulling units in push–pull copolymers used for photovoltaic applications: density functional theory study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:1017-24. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06075c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Low-band-gap push–pull copolymers are promising donor materials for bulk heterojunction organic solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamin Ku
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju 61005
- Korea
| | - Yeongrok Gim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju 61005
- Korea
| | - Yves Lansac
- GREMAN
- UMR 7347
- Université François Rabelais
- 37200 Tours
- France
| | - Yun Hee Jang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju 61005
- Korea
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Akita M, Saito M, Osaka I, Koganezawa T, Takimiya K. Amide-bridged terphenyl and dithienylbenzene units for semiconducting polymers. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra28140g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Semiconducting polymers with new “electron-neutral” amide-bridged building units were designed, synthesized, and studied as materials for organic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Akita
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima
- Japan
| | - Masahiko Saito
- Emergent Molecular Function Research Group
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science
- Wako
- Japan
| | - Itaru Osaka
- Emergent Molecular Function Research Group
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science
- Wako
- Japan
| | | | - Kazuo Takimiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Ding D, Wang J, Chen W, Qiu M, Ren J, Zheng H, Liu D, Sun M, Yang R. Novel wide band gap polymers based on dithienobenzoxadiazole for polymer solar cells with high open circuit voltages over 1 V. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07951b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Just by replacing sulfur with oxygen atom, the Voc of PBDT-fDTBO based PSCs is 0.2 V higher than PBDT-fDTBT based devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dakang Ding
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials
| | - Jiuxing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao 266101
- People's Republic of China
| | - Weiye Chen
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao 266101
- People's Republic of China
| | - Junzhen Ren
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- People's Republic of China
| | - Huilin Zheng
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- People's Republic of China
| | - Deyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao 266101
- People's Republic of China
| | - Mingliang Sun
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
| | - Renqiang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao 266101
- People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Li C, Zhang A, Wang Z, Liu F, Zhou Y, Russell TP, Li Y, Li W. All polymer solar cells with diketopyrrolopyrrole-polymers as electron donor and a naphthalenediimide-polymer as electron acceptor. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03681c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diketopyrrolopyrrole-polymers and N2200 were found to be highly miscible, which induced low efficiencies in all-polymer solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
| | - Andong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
| | - Zhaowei Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Feng Liu
- Materials Science Divisions
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley 94720
- USA
| | - Yi Zhou
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Massachusetts
- Amherst
- USA
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Ouchi H, Lin X, Kizaki T, Prabhu DD, Silly F, Kajitani T, Fukushima T, Nakayama KI, Yagai S. Hydrogen-bonded oligothiophene rosettes with a benzodithiophene terminal unit: self-assembly and application to bulk heterojunction solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:7874-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc03430f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
109
|
He D, Qian L, Ding L. A pentacyclic building block containing an azepine-2,7-dione moiety for polymer solar cells. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00082g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A pentacyclic building block containing an azepine-2,7-dione moiety (TTA) was developed. PTTABDT:PC71BM solar cells gave a higher PCE of 5.46%, resulting from higherVocand ideal morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan He
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience & Technology
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Liu Qian
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience & Technology
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Liming Ding
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience & Technology
- Beijing 100190
- China
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Pai RK, T. N. A, B. H. Rational design of benzodithiophene based conjugated polymers for better solar cell performance. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00651e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a concise review of conjugated polymers based on benzodithiophenes (BDTs) for high-performance polymer solar cells (PSCs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith Krishna Pai
- Technology Mission Division
- Department of Science and Technology (DST)
- Ministry of Science and Technology
- Government of India
- New Delhi-110016
| | - Ahipa T. N.
- CNMS
- Jain University
- Jain Global Campus
- Bangalore
- India
| | - Hemavathi B.
- CNMS
- Jain University
- Jain Global Campus
- Bangalore
- India
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Yuan J, Qiu L, Zhang Z, Li Y, He Y, Jiang L, Zou Y. A simple strategy to the side chain functionalization on the quinoxaline unit for efficient polymer solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:6881-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01771a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new tetrafluoridequinoxaline electron accepting block-ffQx from a quinoxaline core was designed. A new copolymer (PBDTT-ffQx) was synthesized from tetrafluoridequinoxaline and benzodithiophene and a high PCE of 8.6% was obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- China
| | - Lixia Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Yuehui He
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
| | - Lihui Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- China
| | - Yingping Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- China
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Wang K, Xu Z, Guo B, Guo X, Zhang M, Li Y. TPD-based polythiophene derivatives with higher Vocfor polymer solar cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10481a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A new D–A copolymer photovoltaic donor material,PTPD-DFDT, with a simpler structure and easier synthesis, was synthesized, and the PSCs based onPTPD-DFDT/PC71BM demonstrate a higherVocof 0.96 V and a PCE of 5.52%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Zhuo Xu
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Bing Guo
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Xia Guo
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Maojie Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Yongfang Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Liu C, Wang K, Gong X, Heeger AJ. Low bandgap semiconducting polymers for polymeric photovoltaics. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:4825-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00650c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the design rules for low bandgap semiconducting polymers, with the overview of their applications in polymer solar cells and polymer photodetectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Akron
- USA
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Akron
- USA
| | - Xiong Gong
- College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Akron
- USA
| | - Alan J. Heeger
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids
- University of California
- Santa Barbara
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Goker S, Hizalan G, Aktas E, Kutkan S, Cirpan A, Toppare L. 2,1,3-Benzooxadiazole, thiophene and benzodithiophene based random copolymers for organic photovoltaics: thiophene versus thieno[3,2-b]thiophene as π-conjugated linkers. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj02469f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Influence of spacers on the optoelectronic properties of polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seza Goker
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Gonul Hizalan
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Ece Aktas
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Seda Kutkan
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Ali Cirpan
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology
| | - Levent Toppare
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Sheng R, Liu Q, Chen W, Sun M, Zheng H, Ren J, Yang R. Thiophene π bridge effect on bulky side-chained benzodithiophene-based photovoltaic polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiying Sheng
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266100 People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266100 People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 People's Republic of China
| | - Weiye Chen
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266100 People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingliang Sun
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266100 People's Republic of China
| | - Huilin Zheng
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266100 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ren
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266100 People's Republic of China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Liu X, Huang C, Shen W, He R, Li M. Theoretical investigations on enhancing the performance of terminally diketopyrrolopyrrole-based small-molecular donors in organic solar cell applications. J Mol Model 2015; 22:15. [PMID: 26689703 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2885-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based small molecules with acceptor-core-acceptor (A-core-A) type as donor materials have been used successfully in organic solar cells (OSC). In this work, based on the DPP-core-DPP type molecule SM1 consisting of a DPP unit as acceptor and benzene as the core, we replaced the benzene core with more electron-withdrawing groups in SM1 and further designed four new small-molecular donors (SM2-SM5) in order to improve the electrical properties, optical absorption and performance in OSC applications. The calculated results indicate that the designed small-molecular donors SM2-SM5 exhibit better performances in comparison with SM1, such as lower highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), narrower energy gap, larger absorption range, better electronic transfer between donor and acceptor and higher hole mobility. Moreover, the decreased HOMO levels and transition energy of small-molecular donors in OSC applications play an important role in the parameters of open-current voltage, fill factor and short-circuit current. Consequently, adjusting the electron-deficient ability of cores in DPP-core-DPP type small-molecular donors is an efficient approach that can be used to obtain high-efficiency DPP-based small-molecular donors for OSC applications. Graphical Abstract The designed small-molecules with good electronic and photophysical properties will act as a promising donor candidate for organic solar cell applications. Moreover, The decreased HOMO levels and transition energy of small-molecular donors in OSC applications play an important role in the parameters of open-current voltage, fill factor and short-circuit current.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chengzhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wei Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Rongxing He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Constantinou I, Lai TH, Klump ED, Goswami S, Schanze KS, So F. Effect of Polymer Side Chains on Charge Generation and Disorder in PBDTTPD Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:26999-27005. [PMID: 26575214 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of polymer side chains on device performance was investigated for PBDT(EtHex)-TPD(Oct):PC70BM and PBDT(EtHex)-TPD(EtHex):PC70BM BHJ solar cells. Going from a linear side chain on the polymer's acceptor moiety to a branched side chain was determined to have a negative impact on the overall device efficiency, because of significantly reduced short-circuit current (J(sc)) and fill factor (FF) values. Sub-bandgap external quantum efficiency (EQE) and transient photoluminescence (PL) measurements showed more-efficient carrier generation for the polymer with linear side chains, because of a higher degree of charge-transfer (CT) state delocalization, leading to more-efficient exciton dissociation. Furthermore, the increase in π-π stacking distance and disorder for the bulkier ethylhexyl side chain were shown to result in a lower hole mobility, a higher bimolecular recombination, and a higher energetic disorder. The use of linear side chains on the polymer's acceptor moiety was shown to promote photogeneration, because of more-effective CT states and favorable carrier transport resulting in improved solar cell performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iordania Constantinou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Tzung-Han Lai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Erik D Klump
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Subhadip Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Kirk S Schanze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Franky So
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Cartwright L, Neal TJ, Rutland NJ, Iraqi A. Anthracene-thieno[3,4-c
]pyrrole-4,6-dione based donor-acceptor conjugated copolymers for applications in optoelectronic devices. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Cartwright
- Department of Chemistry; University of Sheffield; Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - Thomas J. Neal
- Department of Chemistry; University of Sheffield; Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - Nathan J. Rutland
- Department of Chemistry; University of Sheffield; Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - Ahmed Iraqi
- Department of Chemistry; University of Sheffield; Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
|
120
|
Murali B, Labban AE, Eid J, Alarousu E, Shi D, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Bakr OM, Mohammed OF. The Impact of Grain Alignment of the Electron Transporting Layer on the Performance of Inverted Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:5272-5279. [PMID: 26270242 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This report presents a new strategy for improving solar cell power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) through grain alignment and morphology control of the ZnO electron transport layer (ETL) prepared by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. The systematic control over the ETL's grain alignment and thickness is shown, by varying the deposition pressure and operating substrate temperature during the deposition. Notably, a high PCE of 6.9%, short circuit current density (J(sc)) of 12.8 mA cm(-2), open circuit voltage (V(oc)) of 910 mV, and fill factor of 59% are demonstrated using the poly(benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione):[6,6]-phenyl-C(71) -butyric acid methyl ester polymer blend with ETLs prepared at room temperature exhibiting oriented and aligned rod-like ZnO grains. Increasing the deposition temperature during the ZnO sputtering induces morphological cleavage of the rod-like ZnO grains and therefore reduced conductivity from 7.2 × 10(-13) to ≈1.7 × 10(-14) S m(-1) and PCE from 6.9% to 4.28%. An investigation of the charge carrier dynamics by femtosecond (fs) transient absorption spectroscopy with broadband capability reveals clear evidence of faster carrier recombination for a ZnO layer deposited at higher temperature, which is consistent with the conductivity and device performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Banavoth Murali
- Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center (SPERC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman El Labban
- Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center (SPERC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jessica Eid
- Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center (SPERC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Erkki Alarousu
- Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center (SPERC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dong Shi
- Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center (SPERC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xixiang Zhang
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M Bakr
- Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center (SPERC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar F Mohammed
- Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center (SPERC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Zhou M, Wang M, Zhu L, Yang Z, Jiang C, Cao D, Li Q. D-π-A-π-A Strategy to Design Benzothiadiazole-carbazole-based Conjugated Polymer with High Solar Cell Voltage and Enhanced Photocurrent. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:2156-61. [PMID: 26469185 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The theoretical calculations are used to find that D-π-A-π-A style conjugated polymer PC-TBTBT is more efficient for solar cells application than the D-π-A analog PC-TBT because the D-π-A-π-A structure has a narrower band gap and higher molar absorption coefficient and redshift spectrum. Motivated by the theoretical prediction, 5,6-bis(octyloxy)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole and 2,7-carbazole are adopted to synthesize the D-π-A-π-A style PC-TBTBT (M(w) = 31.1 kDa) and D-π-A analog PC-TBT (M(w) = 87.5 kDa) by Suzuki coupling reaction. Experimental results confirm that D-π-A-π-A PC-TBTBT-based solar cell shows a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.74% with high V(OC) of 0.99 V and enhanced J(SC) of 9.70 mA cm(-2). The PCE and J(SC) achieve improvements of 17% and 26%, respectively, compared to the D-π-A PC-TBT-based solar cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhenqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Chao Jiang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Qifang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Lin PH, Lu TJ, Cai DJ, Lee KM, Liu CY. Connecting Direct C-H Arylation Reactions with Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: A Shortcut to D-A-π-A Organic Dyes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:3222-3227. [PMID: 26347029 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201500993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A step-economical synthetic strategy is developed to target thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD)-based D-A-π-A organic dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Through sequential Pd-catalyzed direct C-H (hetero)arylation reaction, synthesis of the push-pull-type small molecules is reduced from the traditional six steps to two steps. In this report, we focus on the optimization of the key C-H monoarylation of TPD by screening ligands, acid additives, bases, and solvents. The reaction proves versatile toward new D-A-π-A organic dyes with a variety of different donor groups, and several derivatives are efficiently prepared under optimum reaction conditions. The sensitive aldehyde functionality that is a required intermediate for conversion into anchoring groups for TiO2 is well tolerated. Based on our synthetic study, DSSCs are fabricated and characterized using two designed sensitizers. The photovoltaic characterization of the devices affords an open-circuit voltage of 0.60-0.69 V, a short-circuit current density of 10.85-11.07 mA cm(-2), and a fill factor of 69.9-70.8 %, which corresponds to an overall power conversion efficiency of 4.61-5.33 %.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Han Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli District, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 320, R.O.C
| | - Te-Jui Lu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli District, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 320, R.O.C
| | - Deng-Jhou Cai
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli District, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 320, R.O.C
| | - Kun-Mu Lee
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli District, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 320, R.O.C
- Research Center for New Generation Photovoltaics (RCNPV), National Central University, Jhongli District, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 320, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli District, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 320, R.O.C.
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Pirotte G, Kesters J, Verstappen P, Govaerts S, Manca J, Lutsen L, Vanderzande D, Maes W. Continuous Flow Polymer Synthesis toward Reproducible Large-Scale Production for Efficient Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:3228-3233. [PMID: 26388210 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201500850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPV) have attracted great interest as a solar cell technology with appealing mechanical, aesthetical, and economies-of-scale features. To drive OPV toward economic viability, low-cost, large-scale module production has to be realized in combination with increased top-quality material availability and minimal batch-to-batch variation. To this extent, continuous flow chemistry can serve as a powerful tool. In this contribution, a flow protocol is optimized for the high performance benzodithiophene-thienopyrroledione copolymer PBDTTPD and the material quality is probed through systematic solar-cell evaluation. A stepwise approach is adopted to turn the batch process into a reproducible and scalable continuous flow procedure. Solar cell devices fabricated using the obtained polymer batches deliver an average power conversion efficiency of 7.2 %. Upon incorporation of an ionic polythiophene-based cathodic interlayer, the photovoltaic performance could be enhanced to a maximum efficiency of 9.1 %.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geert Pirotte
- Design & Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS), Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Agoralaan 1-Gebouw D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- IMEC, IMOMEC, Universitaire Campus-Wetenschapspark 1, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jurgen Kesters
- Design & Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS), Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Agoralaan 1-Gebouw D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- IMEC, IMOMEC, Universitaire Campus-Wetenschapspark 1, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Material Physics Division, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Universitaire Campus-Wetenschapspark 1, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Pieter Verstappen
- Design & Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS), Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Agoralaan 1-Gebouw D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- IMEC, IMOMEC, Universitaire Campus-Wetenschapspark 1, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sanne Govaerts
- Design & Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS), Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Agoralaan 1-Gebouw D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- IMEC, IMOMEC, Universitaire Campus-Wetenschapspark 1, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jean Manca
- Material Physics Division, Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Universitaire Campus-Wetenschapspark 1, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lutsen
- IMEC, IMOMEC, Universitaire Campus-Wetenschapspark 1, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Dirk Vanderzande
- Design & Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS), Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Agoralaan 1-Gebouw D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- IMEC, IMOMEC, Universitaire Campus-Wetenschapspark 1, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Wouter Maes
- Design & Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS), Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Agoralaan 1-Gebouw D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
- IMEC, IMOMEC, Universitaire Campus-Wetenschapspark 1, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Wang W, Yan S, Lv W, Zhao Y, Sun M, Zhou M, Ling Q. New n-Type Copolymers Based on Pentafluorobenzene-Substituted Thieno [3,4-c] Pyrrole-4,6-dione for All-Polymer Solar Cells. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2015.1080095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
125
|
Koldemir U, Puniredd SR, Wagner M, Tongay S, McCarley TD, Kamenov GD, Müllen K, Pisula W, Reynolds JR. End Capping Does Matter: Enhanced Order and Charge Transport in Conjugated Donor–Acceptor Polymers. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sreenivasa Reddy Puniredd
- Max Planck
Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 3 Research Link, 117602 Singapore
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck
Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sefaattin Tongay
- Materials
Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport
and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Tracy D. McCarley
- Department
of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | | | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck
Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wojciech Pisula
- Max Planck
Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - John R. Reynolds
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering,
Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Synthesis and characterization of 5,6-bis(n-octyloxy)[2,1,3] selenadiazole-based polymers for photovoltaic applications. Polym Bull (Berl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-015-1493-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
127
|
Lu L, Zheng T, Wu Q, Schneider AM, Zhao D, Yu L. Recent Advances in Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells. Chem Rev 2015; 115:12666-731. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2097] [Impact Index Per Article: 233.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Lu
- Department
of Chemistry and
The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East
57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Tianyue Zheng
- Department
of Chemistry and
The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East
57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Qinghe Wu
- Department
of Chemistry and
The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East
57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Alexander M. Schneider
- Department
of Chemistry and
The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East
57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Donglin Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry and
The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East
57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Luping Yu
- Department
of Chemistry and
The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East
57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Liu W, He D, Qiu B, Jiang L, Chen G, Peng H, Zou Y. New 5-Octyl-thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione Based Polymers: Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2015.1063880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
129
|
Fang Y, Hou Y, Hu Y, Teng F. Transient Photocurrent Response of Plasmon-Enhanced Polymer Solar Cells with Gold Nanoparticles. MATERIALS 2015; 8:4050-4060. [PMID: 28793424 PMCID: PMC5455668 DOI: 10.3390/ma8074050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the transient photocurrent of the plasmon-enhanced polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-Phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) is investigated. Two kinds of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) enhanced devices were fabricated by doping the gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) into the anode buffer layer and inserting Au NPs between the anode buffer layer and the active layer. We probed the dynamics of the turn-on and turn-off responses to 400 μs square-pulse optical excitation from the 380 nm and 520 nm light-emitting diodes (LED) driven by an electric pulse generator. The transient photocurrent curves of devices with Au NPs at different positions and under different excitation wavelength are compared and analyzed. The charge trapping/detrapping processes that occurred at the interface of Au NPs and the active layer were observed; these exhibit an overshoot in the initial fast rise of photocurrent response. Our results show that the incorporating position of Au NPs is an important key factor to influence the transient photocurrent behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
- School of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China.
| | - Yanbing Hou
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Yufeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Feng Teng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Jung JW, Russell TP, Jo WH. Highly Crystalline Low Band Gap Polymer Based on Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione for High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells with a >400 nm Thick Active Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:13666-13674. [PMID: 26046392 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD)-based copolymers combined with 2,2'-bithiophene (BT) or (E)-2-(2-(thiophen-2-yl)vinyl)thiophene (TV) have been designed and synthesized to investigate the effect of the introduction of a vinylene group in the polymer backbone on the optical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties of the polymers. Although both polymers have shown similar optical band gaps and frontier energy levels, regardless of the introduction of vinylene bridge, the introduction of a π-extended vinylene group in the polymer backbone substantially enhances the charge transport characteristics of the resulting polymer due to its strong tendency to self-assemble and thus to enhance the crystallinity. An analysis on charge recombination in the active layer of a solar cell device indicates that the outstanding charge transport (μ = 1.90 cm(2)·V(-1)·s(-1)) of PTVTPD with a vinylene group effectively suppresses the bimolecular recombination, leading to a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 7.16%, which is 20% higher than that (5.98%) of the counterpart polymer without a vinylene group (PBTTPD). More importantly, PTVTPD-based devices do not show a large variation of photovoltaic performance with the active layer thickness; that is, the PCE remains at 6% as the active layer thickness increases up to 450 nm, demonstrating that the PTVTPD-based solar cell is very compatible with industrial processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woong Jung
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Thomas P Russell
- ‡Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Won Ho Jo
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Fu Z, Shen W, Tang X, He M, He R, Li M. Theoretical Strategy To Design Novel n-Type Copolymers Based on Anthracene Diimide and Pyrido[2,3-g]quinoline Diimide for Organic Solar Cells. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:6884-96. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b03731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Fu
- College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Tang
- College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min He
- College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongxing He
- College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Benzodithiophene-based low band-gap polymers with deep HOMO levels: synthesis, characterization, and photovoltaic performance. Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2015.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
133
|
Ke Y, Liu Y, Zhao Y. Visualization of Hot Exciton Energy Relaxation from Coherent to Diffusive Regimes in Conjugated Polymers: A Theoretical Analysis. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:1741-1747. [PMID: 26263343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The unified coherent-to-diffusive energy relaxation of hot exciton in organic aggregates or polymers, which still remains largely unclear and is also a great challenge theoretically, is investigated from a time-dependent wavepacket diffusive approach. The results demonstrate that in the multiple time scale energy relaxation dynamics, the fast relaxation time essentially corresponds to the dephasing time of excitonic coherence motion, whereas the slow time is related to a hopping migration, and a suggested kinetic model successfully connects these two processes. The dependencies of those times on the initial energy and delocalization of exciton wavepacket as well as exciton-phonon interactions are further analyzed. The proposed method together with quantum chemistry calculations has explained an experimental observation of hot exciton energy relaxation in the low-bandgap copolymer PBDTTPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Tamilavan V, Lee J, Agneeswari R, Lee DY, Cho S, Jin Y, Park SH, Hyun MH. Property modulation of dithienosilole-based polymers via the incorporation of structural isomers of imide- and lactam-functionalized pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole units for polymer solar cells. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
135
|
Lin PH, Liu KT, Liu CY. From-Core and From-End Direct CH Arylations: A Step-Saving New Synthetic Route to Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD)-Incorporated D--π-A-π-D Functional Oligoaryls. Chemistry 2015; 21:8754-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
136
|
Liu S, Bao X, Li W, Wu K, Xie G, Yang R, Yang C. Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene and Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione Based Donor-π-Acceptor Conjugated Polymers for High Performance Solar Cells by Rational Structure Modulation. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Liu
- Hubei
Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials,
Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department
of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xichang Bao
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy
and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Hubei
Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials,
Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department
of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Kailong Wu
- Hubei
Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials,
Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department
of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Xie
- Hubei
Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials,
Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department
of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy
and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Hubei
Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials,
Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department
of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Fuse S, Takahashi R, Takahashi T. Facile, One-Step Synthesis of 5-Substituted Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione by Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Amidation. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
138
|
He X, Cao B, Hauger TC, Kang M, Gusarov S, Luber EJ, Buriak JM. Donor-acceptor small molecules for organic photovoltaics: single-atom substitution (Se or S). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:8188-99. [PMID: 25808481 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Two isostructural low-band-gap small molecules that contain a one-atom substitution, S for Se, were designed and synthesized. The molecule 7,7'-[4,8-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene]bis[6-fluoro-4-(5'-hexyl-2,2'-bithiophen-5-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole] (1) and its selenium analogue 7,7'-[4,8-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene]bis[6-fluoro-4-(5'-hexyl-2,2'-bithiophen-5-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]selenodiazole] (2) are both based on the electron-rich central unit benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of one-atom substitution on the optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performance of devices. Theoretical calculations revealed that this one-atom variation has a small but measurable effect on the energy of frontier molecular orbital (HOMO and LUMO), which, in turn, can affect the absorption profile of the molecules, both neat and when mixed in a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) with PC71BM. The Se-containing variant 2 led to higher efficiencies [highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.6%] in a standard organic photovoltaic architecture, when combined with PC71BM after a brief thermal annealing, than the S-containing molecule 1 (highest PCE of 1.0%). Studies of the resulting morphologies of BHJs based on 1 and 2 showed that one-atom substitution could engender important differences in the solubilities, which then influenced the crystal orientations of the small molecules within this thin layer. Brief thermal annealing resulted in rotation of the crystalline grains of both molecules to more energetically favorable configurations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming He
- †National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Bing Cao
- †National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Tate C Hauger
- †National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Minkyu Kang
- †National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Sergey Gusarov
- †National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Erik J Luber
- †National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Jillian M Buriak
- †National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Kularatne RS, Sista P, Magurudeniya HD, Hao J, Nguyen HQ, Biewer MC, Stefan MC. Donor-acceptor semiconducting polymers based on pyromellitic diimide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruvini S. Kularatne
- Department of Chemistry; University of Texas at Dallas; Richardson Texas 75080
| | - Prakash Sista
- Department of Chemistry; University of Texas at Dallas; Richardson Texas 75080
| | | | - Jing Hao
- Department of Chemistry; University of Texas at Dallas; Richardson Texas 75080
| | - Hien Q. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Texas at Dallas; Richardson Texas 75080
| | - Michael C. Biewer
- Department of Chemistry; University of Texas at Dallas; Richardson Texas 75080
| | - Mihaela C. Stefan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Texas at Dallas; Richardson Texas 75080
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Matano Y. Synthesis and Structure-Property Relationships of Phosphole-Based π Systems and Their Applications in Organic Solar Cells. CHEM REC 2015; 15:636-50. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201402101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Matano
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Niigata University; Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Sheng R, Liu Q, Xiao M, Gu C, Hu T, Ren J, Sun M, Yang R. Novel pendent thiophene side-chained benzodithiophene for polymer solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiying Sheng
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266100 People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266100 People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 People's Republic of China
| | - Manjun Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyang Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Hu
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266100 People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 People's Republic of China
| | - Junzhen Ren
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266100 People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingliang Sun
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China; Qingdao 266100 People's Republic of China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266101 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
|
143
|
Tao Q, Xia Y, Xu X, Hedström S, Bäcke O, James DI, Persson P, Olsson E, Inganäs O, Hou L, Zhu W, Wang E. D–A1–D–A2 Copolymers with Extended Donor Segments for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502186g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Tao
- Key Lab of Environment-Friendly
Chemistry and Application
in Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Yuxin Xia
- Biomolecular
and Organic Electronics, IFM, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Svante Hedström
- Division
of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Petter Persson
- Division
of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Olle Inganäs
- Biomolecular
and Organic Electronics, IFM, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lintao Hou
- Siyuan Laboratory,
Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Weiguo Zhu
- Key Lab of Environment-Friendly
Chemistry and Application
in Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
144
|
|
145
|
Tournebize A, Gardette JL, Taviot-Guého C, Bégué D, Arnaud MA, Dagron-Lartigau C, Medlej H, Hiorns RC, Beaupré S, Leclerc M, Rivaton A. Is there a photostable conjugated polymer for efficient solar cells? Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
146
|
Ge G, Gu J, Yu J, Zhu E, Hai J, Bian L, Zhang F, Xu Z, Ma W, Tang W. Design and photovoltaic characterization of dialkylthio benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene polymers with different accepting units. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:7848-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00349k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three dialkylthio benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene polymers were developed with tuned bandgaps exhibiting a highest PCE value of 5.63% obtained for the polymer solar cells.
Collapse
|
147
|
Wu JS, Cheng SW, Cheng YJ, Hsu CS. Donor–acceptor conjugated polymers based on multifused ladder-type arenes for organic solar cells. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:1113-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00250d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 494] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the recent development of the multifused ladder-type conjugated building blocks for making donor–acceptor conjugated copolymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jhong-Sian Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsin-Chu
- 30010 Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsin-Chu
- 30010 Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsin-Chu
- 30010 Taiwan
| | - Chain-Shu Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsin-Chu
- 30010 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Kundu R, Kulshreshtha C. Design, synthesis and electronic properties of push–pull–push type dye. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13416a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkyne conjugated push–pull–push type dye where alkyne π-spacer and push units monitor the electronic properties of the dye.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajen Kundu
- Department of Chemistry
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- Pohang 790-784
- Republic of Korea
| | - Chandramouli Kulshreshtha
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- Pohang 790-784
- Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Istanbulluoglu C, Göker S, Hizalan G, Hacioglu SO, Udum YA, Yildiz ED, Cirpan A, Toppare L. Synthesis of a benzotriazole bearing alternating copolymer for organic photovoltaic applications. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01026h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Improvement of the efficiencyviabenzodithiphene based polymer in organic photovoltaics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seza Göker
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Gonul Hizalan
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Serife O. Hacioglu
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Yasemin Arslan Udum
- Institute of Science and Technology Department of Advanced Technologies
- Gazi University
- 06570 Ankara
- Turkey
| | | | - Ali Cirpan
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
- The Center for Solar Energy Research and Application (GÜNAM)
| | - Levent Toppare
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
- The Center for Solar Energy Research and Application (GÜNAM)
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Bicciocchi E, Haeussler M, Rizzardo E, Scully AD, Ghiggino KP. An Alternating Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymer Based on Benzodithiophene and [3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application in Photovoltaic Devices. Aust J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/ch15457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis is described of a new alternating donor–acceptor semiconducting polymer based on an N-octylthieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione building block together with a newly designed 2,3-bis(2-ethylhexyl)thiophenylethynyl substituted benzodithiophene (BDT). The introduction of electron-rich thiophene units to BDT raises the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of the conjugated polymer and the concomitant reduction of the bandgap enhances the harvesting of solar radiation. This modification also introduces less sterically demanding triple bonds, thereby potentially enabling more favourable molecular interactions and an extra dimension of conjugation perpendicular to the main polymer chain. The optoelectronic properties of this new conjugated polymer were evaluated using UV-visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy in air, photo-induced charge extraction by linearly increasing voltage (Photo-CELIV), and density functional theory calculations. The polymer absorbs broadly in the wavelength range 300–700 nm in solution and the solid state. The estimated HOMO and LUMO levels of −5.4 and −3.6 eV, respectively, correspond to a bandgap of 1.8 eV. Photovoltaic devices fabricated using the polymer as the active layer displayed power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 1 %. Photo-CELIV results provide evidence that rapid recombination and poor charge mobility are likely contributing factors to the relatively low PCE values observed.
Collapse
|