Nickel-Catalyzed Synthesis of Aryl Trifluoromethyl Sulfides at Room Temperature

Efficient Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl Amines through a Formal Umpolung Strategy from the Bench-Stable Precursor (Me4 N)SCF3

Reported herein is the one-pot synthesis of trifluoromethylated amines at room temperature using the bench-stable (Me4 N)SCF3 reagent and AgF. The method is rapid, operationally simple and highly selective. It proceeds via a formal umpolung reaction of the SCF3 with the amine, giving quantitative formation of thiocarbamoyl fluoride intermediates within minutes that can readily be transformed to N-CF3 . The mildness and high functional group tolerance render the method highly attractive for the late-stage introduction of trifluoromethyl groups on amines, as demonstrated herein for a range of pharmaceutically relevant drug molecules.

Tandem trifluoromethylthiolation/aryl migration of aryl alkynoates to trifluoromethylthiolated alkenes

The oxidative trifluoromethylthiolation of aryl alkynoates with AgSCF₃ provided a new access to trifluoromethylthiolated alkenes.

AgSCF3-mediated trifluoromethylthiolation of α,α-diaryl allylic alcohols via radical neophyl rearrangement

A novel example of AgSCF₃-mediated oxidative radical trifluoromethylthiolation of α,α-diaryl allylic alcohols is presented, producing various α-aryl-β-trifluoromethylthiolated carbonyl ketones via radical neophyl rearrangement under mild conditions.

Cp*CoIII-catalyzed directed C–H trifluoromethylthiolation of 2-phenylpyridines and 6-arylpurines

Cp*Co^III-catalyzed directed C–H trifluoromethylthiolation using N-trifluoromethylthiodibenzenesulfonimide as an electrophilic SCF₃ source is described.

The first nucleophilic C–H perfluoroalkylation of aromatic compounds via (arene)tricarbonylchromium complexes

Complexed and reversibly activated arenes selectively react with a perfluoroalkyl anion under mild conditions, forming cyclohexadienyl adducts that readily undergo oxidation to perfluoroalkyl arenes.

(1S)-(−)-N-Trifluoromethylthio-2,10-camphorsultam and its derivatives: easily available, optically pure reagents for asymmetric trifluoromethylthiolation

Optically pure reagents that are able to deliver a trifluoromethylthio group with good to excellent enantioselectivities.

N-Trifluoromethylthio-dibenzenesulfonimide: A Shelf-Stable, Broadly Applicable Electrophilic Trifluoromethylthiolating Reagent

The super electrophilicity of a shelf-stable, easily prepared trifluoromethylthiolating reagent N-trifluoromethylthio-dibenzenesulfonimide 7 was demonstrated. Consistent with the theoretical prediction, 7 exhibits reactivity remarkably higher than that of other known electrophilic trifluoromethylthiolating reagents. In the absence of any additive, 7 reacted with a wide range of electron-rich arenes and activated heteroarenes under mild conditions. Likewise, reactions of 7 with styrene derivatives can be fine-tuned by simply changing the reaction solvents to generate trifluoromethylthiolated styrenes or oxo-trifluoromethylthio or amino-trifluoromethylthio difunctionalized compounds in high yields.

AgSCF3-Mediated Oxidative Trifluoromethythiolation of Alkynes with Dearomatization to Synthesize SCF3-Substituted Spiro[4,5]trienones

A new method for the AgSCF3-mediated radical cascade difunctionalizing trifluoromethythiolation of alkynes with dearomatization is developed. This protocol provides a novel route to SCF3-substituted spirocyclic compounds via the formation of one C-SCF3 bond, one C-C bond, and one C-O double bond in a single step.

Difluoromethanesulfonyl hypervalent iodonium ylides for electrophilic difluoromethylthiolation reactions under copper catalysis

Difluoromethanesulfonyl hypervalent iodonium ylides 2 were developed as electrophilic difluoromethylthiolation reagents for a wide range of nucleophiles. Enamines, indoles, β-keto esters, silyl enol ethers and pyrroles were effectively reacted with 2 affording desired difluoromethylthio (SCF2H)-substituted compounds in good to high yields under copper catalysis. The reaction of allyl alcohols with 2 under the same conditions provided difluoromethylsulfinyl (S(O)CF2H) products in good yields. The difluoromethylthiolation of enamines is particularly effective with wide generality, thus the enamine method was nicely extended to the synthesis of a series of difluoromethythiolated cyclic and acyclic β-keto esters, 1,3-diketones, pyrazole and pyrimidine derivatives by a consecutive, two-step one-pot reaction using 2.

Enantioselective Trifluoromethylthiolating Lactonization Catalyzed by an Indane-Based Chiral Sulfide

Enantioselective trifluoromethylthiolation, especially of alkenes, is a challenging task. In this work, we have developed an efficient approach for enantioselective trifluoromethylthiolating lactonization by designing an indane-based bifunctional chiral sulfide catalyst and a shelf-stable electrophilic SCF3 reagent. The desired products were formed with diastereoselectivities of >99:1 and good to excellent enantioselectivities. The transformation represents the first enantioselective trifluoromethylthiolation of alkenes and the first enantioselective trifluoromethylthiolation that is enabled by a catalyst with a Lewis basic sulfur center.

Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation of Arylboronic Acids with Yagupolskii-Umemoto Reagents

A Pd-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling of arylboronic acids with Yagupolskii-Umemoto reagents was explored. In contrary to trifluoromethylations, the Pd-catalyzed reaction of R-B(OH)2 and [Ar2 SCF3 ](+) [OTf](-) provided the arylation products (R-Ar) in good to high yields. The reaction confirms that the S-Ar bonds of [Ar2 SCF3 ](+) [OTf](-) can be readily cleaved in the presence of Pd complexes. The relatively electron-poor aryl groups of asymmetric [Ar(1) Ar(2) SCF3 ](+) [OTf](-) salts are more favorably transferred compared to the electron-rich ones. This reaction represents the first report of utilization of [Ar2 SCF3 ](+) [OTf](-) as arylation reagents in organic synthesis.

Visible-Light-Promoted Trifluoromethylthiolation of Styrenes by Dual Photoredox/Halide Catalysis

Herein, we report a new visible-light-promoted strategy to access radical trifluoromethylthiolation reactions by combining halide and photoredox catalysis. This approach allows for the synthesis of vinyl-SCF3 compounds of relevance in pharmaceutical chemistry directly from alkenes under mild conditions with irradiation from household light sources. Furthermore, alkyl-SCF3-containing cyclic ketone and oxindole derivatives can be accessed by radical-polar crossover semi-pinacol and cyclization processes. Inexpensive halide salts play a crucial role in activating the trifluoromethylthiolating reagent towards photoredox catalysis and aid the formation of the SCF3 radical.

Quantitative Scale for the Trifluoromethylthio Cation-Donating Ability of Electrophilic Trifluoromethylthiolating Reagents

A new parameter, trifluoromethylthio cation-donating ability (Tt(+)DA), is introduced as a quantitative descriptor for the propensity of electrophilic trifluoromethylthiolating reagents to transfer a CF3S moiety in organic synthesis. The first Tt(+)DA scale of popular reagents has been established through DFT calculations. Excellent correlation has been identified between the Tt(+)DAs of N-SCF3-type reagents and the pKa of the corresponding acids, offering a powerful avenue for the rational design of novel reagents.

Silver-mediated oxidative trifluoromethylthiolation of cycloalkanols by C–C bond cleavage: a regioselective approach to distally trifluoromethylthiolated ketones

Various distally trifluoromethylthiolated ketones were readily prepared by silver-mediated oxidative trifluoromethylthiolation of cycloalkanols. The reaction features complete regioselectivity, operational simplicity, and excellent practicality.

Convenient synthesis of pentafluoroethyl thioethers via catalytic Sandmeyer reaction with a stable fluoroalkylthiolation reagent

A Sandmeyer type process is disclosed that allows the straightforward synthesis of pentafluoroethyl thioethers from aromatic amines and tetramethylammonium pentafluoroethylthiolate.

Efficient catalytic α-trifluoromethylthiolation of aldehydes

An efficient organocatalytic method for α-trifluoromethylthiolation of aldehydes has been developed.

Chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of 3-trifluoromethylthioquinolines

A chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of 3-trifluoromethylthioquinolines was developed, providing chiral 2,3-disubstituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives containing a stereogenic trifluoromethylthio group with up to 99% enantioselectivity.

Trifluoromethylation of thiophenols and thiols with sodium trifluoromethanesulfinate and iodine pentoxide

A selective and facile trifluoromethylation process for a wide range of thiophenols and thiols under metal free conditions has been developed using two simple and safe solids, sodium trifluoro-methanesulfinate and iodine pentoxide, via the radical process.

Synthesis of trifluoromethylthiolated azacalix[1]arene[3]pyridines from the Cu(ii)-mediated direct trifluoromethylthiolation reaction of arenes via reactive arylcopper(iii) intermediates

Cu(ii)-mediated arene C–H bond trifluoromethylthiolation with Me₄NSCF₃proceedsviaarylcopper(iii) intermediates to produce functionalized azacalix[1]arene[3]pyridine macrocycles.

Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Aminotrifluoromethoxylation of Alkenes

The first catalytic trifluoromethoxylation of unactivated alkenes has been developed, in which Pd(CH3CN)2Cl2 was used as catalyst, AgOCF3 as trifluoromethoxide source, and Selectfluor-BF4 as oxidant. A variety of 3-OCF3 substituted piperidines were selectively obtained in good yields. Direct evidence was provided to address the facile reductive elimination of Pd(IV)-OCF3 complex to form sp(3) C-OCF3 bond.

Nickel-catalyzed trifluoromethylthiolation of Csp2-O bonds

While nickel catalysts have previously been shown to activate even the least reactive Csp²-O bonds, i.e. aryl ethers, in the context of C-C bond formation, little is known about the reactivity limits and molecular requirements for the introduction of valuable functional groups under homogeneous nickel catalysis. We identified that due to the high reactivity of Ni-catalysts, they are also prone to react with existing or installed functional groups, which ultimately causes catalyst deactivation. The scope of the Ni-catalyzed coupling protocol will therefore be dictated by the reactivity of the functional groups towards the catalyst. Herein, we showed that the application of computational tools allowed the identification of matching functional groups in terms of suitable leaving groups and tolerated functional groups. This allowed for the development of the first efficient protocol to trifluoromethylthiolate Csp²-O bonds, giving the mild and operationally simple C-SCF₃ coupling of a range of aryl, vinyl triflates and nonaflates. The novel methodology was also applied to biologically active and pharmaceutical relevant targets, showcasing its robustness and wide applicability.

Difluorocarbene-Derived Trifluoromethylthiolation and [(18)F]Trifluoromethylthiolation of Aliphatic Electrophiles

The first trifluoromethylthiolation and [(18)F]trifluoromethylthiolation of alkyl electrophiles with in situ generated difluorocarbene in the presence of elemental sulfur and external (radioactive) fluoride ion is described. This transition-metal-free approach is high yielding, compatible with a variety of functional groups, and operated under mild reaction conditions. The conceptual advantage of this exogenous-fluoride-mediated transformation enables unprecedented syntheses of [(18)F]CF3S-labeled molecules from most commonly used [(18)F]fluoride ions. The rapid radiochemical reaction time (≤1 min) and high functional-group tolerance allow access to a variety of aliphatic [(18)F]CF3S compounds in high yields.