101
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Meury M, Knop M, Seebeck FP. Structural Basis for Copper-Oxygen Mediated C−H Bond Activation by the Formylglycine-Generating Enzyme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8115-8119. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Meury
- Department for Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Matthias Knop
- Department for Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Florian P. Seebeck
- Department for Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
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102
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Taninokuchi S, Yazaki R, Ohshima T. Catalytic Aerobic Chemoselective α-Oxidation of Acylpyrazoles en Route to α-Hydroxy Acid Derivatives. Org Lett 2017; 19:3187-3190. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Taninokuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryo Yazaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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103
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Sheng X, Zhang J, Yang H, Jiang G. Tunable Aerobic Oxidative Hydroxylation/Dehydrogenative Homocoupling of Pyrazol-5-ones under Transition-Metal-Free Conditions. Org Lett 2017; 19:2618-2621. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuguang Sheng
- State
Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research
Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research
Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Huameng Yang
- State
Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research
Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Gaoxi Jiang
- State
Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research
Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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104
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Wang M, Lu J, Li L, Li H, Liu H, Wang F. Oxidative C(OH) C bond cleavage of secondary alcohols to acids over a copper catalyst with molecular oxygen as the oxidant. J Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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105
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Du B, Wang Y, Mei H, Han J, Pan Y. Copper(II) Acetate-Catalyzed Hydroxysulfenylation-Initiated Lactonization of Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids with Oxygen as Oxidant and Oxygenation Reagent. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingnan Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Mei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 People's Republic of China
- MaAnShan High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University; MaAnShan 238200 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlin Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 People's Republic of China
- MaAnShan High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University; MaAnShan 238200 People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 People's Republic of China
- MaAnShan High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University; MaAnShan 238200 People's Republic of China
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106
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Abe T, Tanaka S, Ogawa A, Tamura M, Sato K, Itoh S. Copper-catalyzed Selective Oxygenation of Methyl and Benzyl Substituents in Pyridine with O2. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.161074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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107
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Elwell CE, Gagnon NL, Neisen BD, Dhar D, Spaeth AD, Yee GM, Tolman WB. Copper-Oxygen Complexes Revisited: Structures, Spectroscopy, and Reactivity. Chem Rev 2017; 117:2059-2107. [PMID: 28103018 PMCID: PMC5963733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A longstanding research goal has been to understand the nature and role of copper-oxygen intermediates within copper-containing enzymes and abiological catalysts. Synthetic chemistry has played a pivotal role in highlighting the viability of proposed intermediates and expanding the library of known copper-oxygen cores. In addition to the number of new complexes that have been synthesized since the previous reviews on this topic in this journal (Mirica, L. M.; Ottenwaelder, X.; Stack, T. D. P. Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 1013-1046 and Lewis, E. A.; Tolman, W. B. Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 1047-1076), the field has seen significant expansion in the (1) range of cores synthesized and characterized, (2) amount of mechanistic work performed, particularly in the area of organic substrate oxidation, and (3) use of computational methods for both the corroboration and prediction of proposed intermediates. The scope of this review has been limited to well-characterized examples of copper-oxygen species but seeks to provide a thorough picture of the spectroscopic characteristics and reactivity trends of the copper-oxygen cores discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney E Elwell
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Nicole L Gagnon
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Benjamin D Neisen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Debanjan Dhar
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Andrew D Spaeth
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Gereon M Yee
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - William B Tolman
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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108
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Liu H, Wang M, Li H, Luo N, Xu S, Wang F. New protocol of copper-catalyzed oxidative C(CO) C bond cleavage of aryl and aliphatic ketones to organic acids using O2 as the terminal oxidant. J Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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109
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Srivastava A, Shukla G, Singh MS. p -Toluenesulfonic acid-catalyzed metal-free formal [4 + 1] heteroannulation via N H/O H/S H functionalization: One-pot access to 2-aryl/hetaryl/alkyl benzazole derivatives. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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110
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Jia K, Pan Y, Chen Y. Selective Carbonyl-C(sp 3 ) Bond Cleavage To Construct Ynamides, Ynoates, and Ynones by Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2478-2481. [PMID: 28121070 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-carbon bond cleavage/functionalization is synthetically valuable, and selective carbonyl-C(sp3 ) bond cleavage/alkynylation presents a new perspective in constructing ynamides, ynoates, and ynones. Reported here is the first alkoxyl-radical-enabled carbonyl-C(sp3 ) bond cleavage/alkynylation reaction by photoredox catalysis. The use of novel cyclic iodine(III) reagents are essential for β-carbonyl alkoxyl radical generation from β-carbonyl alcohols, including alcohols with high redox potential (Epox >2.2 V vs. SCE in MeCN). β-Amide, β-ester, and β-ketone alcohols yield ynamides, ynoates, and ynones, respectively, for the first time, with excellent regio- and chemoselectivity under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunfang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yiyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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111
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Jia K, Pan Y, Chen Y. Selective Carbonyl−C(sp3) Bond Cleavage To Construct Ynamides, Ynoates, and Ynones by Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunfang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yue Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- Department of Chemistry; Shanghai University; 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Yiyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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112
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Hu M, Li M, Tan FL, Song RJ, Xie YX, Li JH. Oxidative Divergent Bicyclizations of 1,n-Enynes through α-C(sp3)-H Functionalization of Alkyl Nitriles. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China, and Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China, and Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Lin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China, and Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Jie Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China, and Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 People's Republic of China
| | - Ye-Xiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China, and Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China, and Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle; Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang 330063 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
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113
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Huang X, Liang X, Yuan J, Ni Z, Zhou Y, Pan Y. Aerobic copper catalyzed α-oxyacylation of ketones with carboxylic acids. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00575f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A copper catalyzed direct α-oxyacylation of ketones with carboxylic acids under air conditions has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- P. R. China 310027
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- P. R. China 310027
| | - Jun Yuan
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- P. R. China 310027
| | - Zhangqin Ni
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- P. R. China 310027
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- College of Life Sciences
- China Jiliang University
- Hangzhou
- P. R. China 310018
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- P. R. China 310027
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114
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Gupta P, Diefenbach M, Holthausen MC, Förster M. Copper-Mediated Selective Hydroxylation of a Non-activated C−H Bond in Steroids: A DFT Study of Schönecker's Reaction. Chemistry 2016; 23:1427-1435. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Gupta
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Present address: Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Martin Diefenbach
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Max C. Holthausen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Moritz Förster
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt; Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
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115
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Yamaguchi T, Sugiura Y, Yamaguchi E, Tada N, Itoh A. Synthetic Method for the Preparation of Quinazolines by the Oxidation of Amines Using Singlet Oxygen. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Synthetic ChemistryGifu Pharmaceutical University 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi Gifu 501-1196 Japan
| | - Yukina Sugiura
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Synthetic ChemistryGifu Pharmaceutical University 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi Gifu 501-1196 Japan
| | - Eiji Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Synthetic ChemistryGifu Pharmaceutical University 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi Gifu 501-1196 Japan
| | - Norihiro Tada
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Synthetic ChemistryGifu Pharmaceutical University 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi Gifu 501-1196 Japan
| | - Akichika Itoh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Synthetic ChemistryGifu Pharmaceutical University 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi Gifu 501-1196 Japan
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116
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Cheng X, Yang B, Hu X, Xu Q, Lu Z. Visible-Light-Promoted Metal-Free Aerobic Oxidation of Primary Amines to Acids and Lactones. Chemistry 2016; 22:17566-17570. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokai Cheng
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; Zhejiang 310058 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering; Wenzhou University; Wenzhou 325035 P. R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; Zhejiang 310058 P. R. China
| | - Xingen Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering; Wenzhou University; Wenzhou 325035 P. R. China
| | - Qing Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering; Wenzhou University; Wenzhou 325035 P. R. China
| | - Zhan Lu
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; Zhejiang 310058 P. R. China
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117
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Wang M, Lu J, Zhang X, Li L, Li H, Luo N, Wang F. Two-Step, Catalytic C–C Bond Oxidative Cleavage Process Converts Lignin Models and Extracts to Aromatic Acids. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean
Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean
Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean
Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean
Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Hongji Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean
Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Nengchao Luo
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean
Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean
Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
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118
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Clark AJ, Curran DP, Fox DJ, Ghelfi F, Guy CS, Hay B, James N, Phillips JM, Roncaglia F, Sellars PB, Wilson P, Zhang H. Axially Chiral Enamides: Substituent Effects, Rotation Barriers, and Implications for their Cyclization Reactions. J Org Chem 2016; 81:5547-65. [PMID: 27267662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The barrier to rotation around the N-alkenyl bond of 38 N-alkenyl-N-alkylacetamide derivatives was measured (ΔG(⧧) rotation varied between <8.0 and 31.0 kcal mol(-1)). The most important factor in controlling the rate of rotation was the level of alkene substitution, followed by the size of the nitrogen substituent and, finally, the size of the acyl substituent. Tertiary enamides with four alkenyl substituents exhibited half-lives for rotation between 5.5 days and 99 years at 298 K, sufficient to isolate enantiomerically enriched atropisomers. The radical cyclizations of a subset of N-alkenyl-N-benzyl-α-haloacetamides exhibiting relatively high barriers to rotation round the N-alkenyl bond (ΔG(⧧) rotation >20 kcal mol(-1)) were studied to determine the regiochemistry of cyclization. Those with high barriers (>27 kcal mol(-1)) did not lead to cyclization, but those with lower values produced highly functionalized γ-lactams via a 5-endo-trig radical-polar crossover process that was terminated by reduction, an unusual cyclopropanation sequence, or trapping with H2O, depending upon the reaction conditions. Because elevated temperatures were necessary for cyclization, this precluded study of the asymmetric transfer in the reaction of individual atropisomers. However, enantiomerically enriched atropsiomeric enamides should be regarded as potential asymmetric building blocks for reactions that can be accomplished at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Clark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Coventry, West Midlands CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Dennis P Curran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - David J Fox
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Coventry, West Midlands CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Franco Ghelfi
- Dipartmento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Univerita degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia , Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Collette S Guy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Coventry, West Midlands CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Benjamin Hay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Natalie James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Coventry, West Midlands CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Jessica M Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Coventry, West Midlands CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Fabrizio Roncaglia
- Dipartmento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Univerita degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia , Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Philip B Sellars
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Coventry, West Midlands CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Paul Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Coventry, West Midlands CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Hanmo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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119
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Sperger T, Sanhueza IA, Schoenebeck F. Computation and Experiment: A Powerful Combination to Understand and Predict Reactivities. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:1311-9. [PMID: 27171796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Computational chemistry has become an established tool for the study of the origins of chemical phenomena and examination of molecular properties. Because of major advances in theory, hardware and software, calculations of molecular processes can nowadays be done with reasonable accuracy on a time-scale that is competitive or even faster than experiments. This overview will highlight broad applications of computational chemistry in the study of organic and organometallic reactivities, including catalytic (NHC-, Cu-, Pd-, Ni-catalyzed) and noncatalytic examples of relevance to organic synthesis. The selected examples showcase the ability of computational chemistry to rationalize and also predict reactivities of broad significance. A particular emphasis is placed on the synergistic interplay of computations and experiments. It is discussed how this approach allows one to (i) gain greater insight than the isolated techniques, (ii) inspire novel chemistry avenues, and (iii) assist in reaction development. Examples of successful rationalizations of reactivities are discussed, including the elucidation of mechanistic features (radical versus polar) and origins of stereoselectivity in NHC-catalyzed reactions as well as the rationalization of ligand effects on ligation states and selectivity in Pd- and Ni-catalyzed transformations. Beyond explaining, the synergistic interplay of computation and experiments is then discussed, showcasing the identification of the likely catalytically active species as a function of ligand, additive, and solvent in Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. These may vary between mono- or bisphosphine-bound or even anionic Pd complexes in polar media in the presence of coordinating additives. These fundamental studies also inspired avenues in catalysis via dinuclear Pd(I) cycles. Detailed mechanistic studies supporting the direct reactivity of Pd(I)-Pd(I) with aryl halides as well as applications of air-stable dinuclear Pd(I) catalysts are discussed. Additional combined experimental and computational studies are described for alternative metals, these include the discussion of the factors that control C-H versus C-C activation in the aerobic Cu-catalyzed oxidation of ketones, and ligand and additive effects on the nature and favored oxidation state of the active catalyst in Ni-catalyzed trifluoromethylthiolations of aryl chlorides. Examples of successful computational reactivity predictions along with experimental verifications are then presented. This includes the design of a fluorinated ligand [(CF3)2P(CH2)2P(CF3)2] for the challenging reductive elimination of ArCF3 from Pd(II) as well as the guidance of substrate scope (functional group tolerance and suitable leaving group) in the Ni-catalyzed trifluoromethylthiolation of C(sp(2))-O bonds. In summary, this account aims to convey the benefits of integrating computational studies in experimental research to increase understanding of observed phenomena and guide future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Sperger
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Italo A. Sanhueza
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Laboratory
for Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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120
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Li C, Jin T, Zhang X, Li C, Jia X, Li J. Bu4NI-Catalyzed α-Oxyacylation of Carbonyl Compounds with Toluene Derivatives. Org Lett 2016; 18:1916-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
- College
of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department
of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Xinglu Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Chunju Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Xueshun Jia
- Department
of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
- College
of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
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121
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Chaudhari MB, Bisht GS, Kumari P, Gnanaprakasam B. Ruthenium-catalyzed direct α-alkylation of amides using alcohols. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:9215-9220. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01786j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Ru-catalyzed (0.1 mol%) direct α-alkylation of amides using alcohols is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Girish Singh Bisht
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Pooja Kumari
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Boopathy Gnanaprakasam
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Pune 411008
- India
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122
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Yamaguchi T, Sakairi K, Yamaguchi E, Tada N, Itoh A. Magnesium iodide-catalyzed synthesis of 2-substituted quinazolines using molecular oxygen and visible light. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04073j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We disclose a novel and efficient synthesis of 2-substituted quinazolines by aerobic photooxidative reaction catalyzed by magnesium iodide.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Yamaguchi
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University
- Gifu 501-1196
- Japan
| | - K. Sakairi
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University
- Gifu 501-1196
- Japan
| | - E. Yamaguchi
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University
- Gifu 501-1196
- Japan
| | - N. Tada
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University
- Gifu 501-1196
- Japan
| | - A. Itoh
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University
- Gifu 501-1196
- Japan
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123
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Pünner F, Sohtome Y, Sodeoka M. Solvent-dependent copper-catalyzed synthesis of pyrazoles under aerobic conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:14093-14096. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06935e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a copper-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of hydrazones under aerobic conditions, enabling solvent-dependent selective synthesis of different pyrazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Pünner
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- Saitama 351-0198
- Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- Saitama 351-0198
| | - Yoshihiro Sohtome
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- Saitama 351-0198
- Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- Saitama 351-0198
| | - Mikiko Sodeoka
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- Saitama 351-0198
- Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- Saitama 351-0198
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124
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Chen T, Peng R, Hu W, Zhang FM. Iron(iii) chloride hexahydrate-promoted selective hydroxylation and chlorination of benzyl ketone derivatives for the construction of hetero-quaternary scaffolds. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:9859-9867. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01733a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A tunable α-hydroxylation/α-chlorination of benzylketone derivatives for the construction of hetero-quaternary units has been developed by iron(iii) chloride hexahydrate-mediated selective transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Rui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Wenxin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Fu-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P.R. China
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