101
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Yang Z, Niu Y, He X, Chen S, Liu S, Li Z, Chen X, Zhang Y, Lan Y, Shen X. Tuning the reactivity of alkoxyl radicals from 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer to 1,2-silyl transfer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2131. [PMID: 33837201 PMCID: PMC8035221 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling the reactivity of reactive intermediates is essential to achieve selective transformations. Due to the facile 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), alkoxyl radicals have been proven to be important synthetic intermediates for the δ-functionalization of alcohols. Herein, we disclose a strategy to inhibit 1,5-HAT by introducing a silyl group into the α-position of alkoxyl radicals. The efficient radical 1,2-silyl transfer (SiT) allows us to make various α-functionalized products from alcohol substrates. Compared with the direct generation of α-carbon radicals from oxidation of α-C-H bond of alcohols, the 1,2-SiT strategy distinguishes itself by the generation of alkoxyl radicals, the tolerance of many functional groups, such as intramolecular hydroxyl groups and C-H bonds next to oxygen atoms, and the use of silyl alcohols as limiting reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoliang Yang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds and Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhong Niu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds and Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqian He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Suo Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds and Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds and Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyu Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds and Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds and Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxiao Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds and Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao Shen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds and Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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102
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Wu P, Ma S. Halogen-Substituted Allenyl Ketones through Ring Opening of Nonstrained Cycloalkanols. Org Lett 2021; 23:2533-2537. [PMID: 33733787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of halogen-substituted allenyl ketones via Ag-catalyzed oxidative ring opening of allenyl cyclic alcohols under mild reaction conditions has been achieved. The reaction features a wide substrate scope and excellent regioselectivity. The synthetic potential of the products has been demonstrated by their conversion to stereodefined alkenes and heterocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penglin Wu
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Shengming Ma
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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103
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Yi D, He L, Qi Z, Zhang Z, Li M, Lu J, Wei J, Du X, Fu Q, Wei S. Copper‐Catalyzed
Aerobic Oxidative Cleavage of Unstrained
Carbon‐Carbon
Bonds of 1,
1‐Disubstituted
Alkenes with Sulfonyl Hydrazides. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan 646000 China
| | - Linying He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan 646000 China
- People's Hospital of Xinjin District, Chengdu Sichuan 611430 China
| | - Zhongyu Qi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan 646000 China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan 646000 China
| | - Mengshun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University Yantai Shandong 264003 China
| | - Ji Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan 646000 China
| | - Jun Wei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan 646000 China
| | - Xi Du
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan 646000 China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan 646000 China
| | - Siping Wei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan 646000 China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Luzhou Sichuan 646000 China
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104
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Abstract
The initial energy in a reactive intermediate is derived from the transition state before the intermediate but can affect selectivity after the intermediate. In this way an observable selectivity can report on a prior, kinetically hidden mechanistic step. This new type of mechanistic probe is demonstrated here for the oxidation of 1-methylcyclobutanol by phthaloyl peroxide/Bu4N+Br-, and it supports a hypobromite chain mechanism in place of the previously proposed hydrogen atom transfer mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scheherzad Alvi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Daniel A Singleton
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
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105
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Ratsch F, Strache JP, Schlundt W, Neudörfl J, Adler A, Aziz S, Goldfuss B, Schmalz H. Enantioselective Cleavage of Cyclobutanols Through Ir-Catalyzed C-C Bond Activation: Mechanistic and Synthetic Aspects. Chemistry 2021; 27:4640-4652. [PMID: 33314360 PMCID: PMC7986405 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Ir-catalyzed conversion of prochiral tert-cyclobutanols to β-methyl-substituted ketones proceeds under comparably mild conditions in toluene (45-110 °C) and is particularly suited for the enantioselective desymmetrization of β-oxy-substituted substrates to give products with a quaternary chirality center with up to 95 % ee using DTBM-SegPhos as a chiral ligand. Deuteration experiments and kinetic isotope effect measurements revealed major mechanistic differences to related RhI -catalyzed transformations. Supported by DFT calculations we propose the initial formation of an IrIII hydride intermediate, which then undergoes a β-C elimination (C-C bond activation) prior to reductive C-H elimination. The computational model also allows the prediction of the stereochemical outcome. The Ir-catalyzed cyclobutanol cleavage is broadly applicable but fails for substrates bearing strongly coordinating groups. The method is of particular value for the stereo-controlled synthesis of substituted chromanes related to the tocopherols and other natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Ratsch
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CologneGreinstraße 450939KölnGermany
| | - Joss Pepe Strache
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CologneGreinstraße 450939KölnGermany
| | - Waldemar Schlundt
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CologneGreinstraße 450939KölnGermany
| | | | - Andreas Adler
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CologneGreinstraße 450939KölnGermany
| | - Sarwar Aziz
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CologneGreinstraße 450939KölnGermany
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CologneGreinstraße 450939KölnGermany
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106
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Roque JB, Sarpong R, Musaev DG. Key Mechanistic Features of the Silver(I)-Mediated Deconstructive Fluorination of Cyclic Amines: Multistate Reactivity versus Single-Electron Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3889-3900. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose B. Roque
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Djamaladdin G. Musaev
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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107
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Sitter JD, Vannucci AK. Photocatalytic Oxidative Coupling of Arylamines for the Synthesis of Azoaromatics and the Role of O 2 in the Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2938-2943. [PMID: 33571412 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The photocatalytic oxidative coupling of aryl amines to selectively synthesize azoaromatic compounds has been realized. Multiple different photocatalysts can be used to perform the general reaction; however, Ir(dF-CF3-ppy)2(dtbpy)+, where dF-CF3-ppy is 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine and dtpby is 4,4'-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine, showed the greatest range of reactivity with various amine substrates. Both electron-rich and -deficient amines can be coupled with yields up to 95% under an ambient air atmosphere. Oxygen was deemed to be essential for the reaction and is utilized in the regeneration of the photocatalyst. Fluorescence quenching and radical trap experiments indicate an amine radical coupling mechanism that proceeds through a hydrazoaromatic intermediate before further oxidation occurs to form the desired azoaromatic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Sitter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Aaron K Vannucci
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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108
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Nobile E, Castanheiro T, Besset T. Radical‐Promoted Distal C−H Functionalization of C(sp
3
) Centers with Fluorinated Moieties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Nobile
- Normandie Univ INSA Rouen UNIROUEN CNRS COBRA (UMR 6014) 76000 Rouen France
| | - Thomas Castanheiro
- Normandie Univ INSA Rouen UNIROUEN CNRS COBRA (UMR 6014) 76000 Rouen France
| | - Tatiana Besset
- Normandie Univ INSA Rouen UNIROUEN CNRS COBRA (UMR 6014) 76000 Rouen France
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109
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Du J, Yang X, Wang X, An Q, He X, Pan H, Zuo Z. Photocatalytic Aerobic Oxidative Ring Expansion of Cyclic Ketones to Macrolactones by Cerium and Cyanoanthracene Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Du
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xiaokun Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049 China
| | - Qing An
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xu He
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049 China
| | - Hui Pan
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhiwei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
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110
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Du J, Yang X, Wang X, An Q, He X, Pan H, Zuo Z. Photocatalytic Aerobic Oxidative Ring Expansion of Cyclic Ketones to Macrolactones by Cerium and Cyanoanthracene Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5370-5376. [PMID: 33259085 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We describe a cerium-catalyzed aerobic oxidative ring expansion for the expedient construction of synthetically challenging macrolactones under visible-light conditions. Cyanoanthracene has been employed as co-catalyst to accelerate the turnover of the cerium cycle leading to a fast conversion within 20 min of irradiation. Taking advantage of the high efficiency and operationally simple conditions, a collection of over 100 macrolactones equipped with ring systems ranging from 9- to 19-membered macrocycles have been prepared from simple building blocks. Moreover, the enabling potential of this strategy to simplify the generation of molecular complexity has been demonstrated through the concise synthesis of sonnerlactone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Du
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaokun Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qing An
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xu He
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Pan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhiwei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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111
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Liu J, Wei Y, Shi M. Mechanistic Studies on Propargyl
Alcohol‐Tethered
Alkylidenecyclopropane with Aryldiazonium Salt Initiated by Visible Light. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518000 China
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112
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Berg N, Bergwinkl S, Nuernberger P, Horinek D, Gschwind RM. Extended Hydrogen Bond Networks for Effective Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer (PCET) Reactions: The Unexpected Role of Thiophenol and Its Acidic Channel in Photocatalytic Hydroamidations. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:724-735. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nele Berg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bergwinkl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Nuernberger
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Horinek
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ruth M. Gschwind
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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113
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Burde AS, Karyakarte SD, Sylvester ED, Chemler SR. Copper-catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of bridged bicyclic ketals from 1,1-disubstituted-4-methylene-1,6-hexanediols and related alkenols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:105-108. [PMID: 33326512 PMCID: PMC8018521 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06404a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bridged bicyclic ketals display a range of bioactivities. Their catalytic enantioselective synthesis from acyclic 1,1-disubstituted alkene diols is disclosed. This reaction combines asymmetric catalysis with a distal radical migration. Alkynes and arenes undergo the group transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya S Burde
- Chemistry Department, Natural Science Complex, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA.
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114
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Sakurai S, Kano T, Maruoka K. Cu-Catalyzed O-alkylation of phenol derivatives with alkylsilyl peroxides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:81-84. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07305a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A Cu-catalyzed O-alkylation of phenol derivatives using alkylsilyl peroxides as alkyl radical precursors is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Sakyo
- Japan
| | - Taichi Kano
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Sakyo
- Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Sakyo
- Japan
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115
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Wang Z, Hu Y, Jin H, Liu Y, Zhou B. Nickel-Catalyzed Arylation/Alkenylation of tert-Cyclobutanols with Aryl/Alkenyl Triflates via a C -C Bond Cleavage. J Org Chem 2021; 86:466-474. [PMID: 33252235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we first present a nickel-catalyzed arylation and alkenylation of tert-cyclobutanols with aryl/alkenyl triflates via a C-C bond cleavage. An array of γ-substituted ketones was obtained in moderate-to-good yields, thus featuring earth-abundant nickel catalysis, broad substrate scope, and simple reaction conditions. Preliminary mechanistic experiments indicated that β-carbon elimination pathways might be involved in the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hongwei Jin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yunkui Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Bingwei Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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116
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Tsuzuki S, Sakurai S, Matsumoto A, Kano T, Maruoka K. Ni-Catalyzed C(sp 2)-H alkylation of N-quinolylbenzamides using alkylsilyl peroxides as structurally diverse alkyl sources. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7942-7945. [PMID: 34286742 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02983e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A Ni-catalyzed direct C-H alkylation of N-quinolylbenzamides using alkylsilyl peroxides as alkyl-radical precursors is described. The reaction forms a new C(sp3)-C(sp2) bond via the selective cleavage of both C(sp3)-C(sp3) and C(sp2)-H bonds. This transformation shows a high functional-group tolerance and, due to the structural diversity of alkylsilyl peroxides, a wide range of alkyl chains including functional groups and complex structures can be introduced at the ortho-position of readily available N-quinolylbenzamide derivatives. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction involves a radical mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Tsuzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Shunya Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Akira Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Taichi Kano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan. and Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan. and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan and School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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117
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118
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Tsui E, Wang H, Knowles RR. Catalytic generation of alkoxy radicals from unfunctionalized alcohols. Chem Sci 2020; 11:11124-11141. [PMID: 33384861 PMCID: PMC7747465 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04542j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkoxy radicals have long been recognized as powerful synthetic intermediates with well-established reactivity patterns. Due to the high bond dissociation free energy of aliphatic alcohol O-H bonds, these radicals are difficult to access through direct homolysis, and conventional methods have instead relied on activation of O-functionalized precursors. Over the past decade, however, numerous catalytic methods for the direct generation of alkoxy radicals from simple alcohol starting materials have emerged and created opportunities for the development of new transformations. This minireview discusses recent advances in catalytic alkoxy radical generation, with particular emphasis on progress toward the direct activation of unfunctionalized alcohols enabled by transition metal and photoredox catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Tsui
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , NJ 08544 , USA .
| | - Huaiju Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , NJ 08544 , USA .
| | - Robert R Knowles
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , NJ 08544 , USA .
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119
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Javorskis T, Karpavičienė I, Jurys A, Snarskis G, Bukšnaitienė R, Orentas E. An Enolate‐Structure‐Enabled Anionic Cascade Cyclization Reaction: Easy Access to Complex Scaffolds with Contiguous Six‐, Five‐, and Four‐Membered Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Javorskis
- Department of Organic Chemistry Vilnius University Naugarduko 24 03225 Vilnius Lithuania
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology Saulėtekio av. 3 10257 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Ieva Karpavičienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry Vilnius University Naugarduko 24 03225 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Arminas Jurys
- Department of Organic Chemistry Vilnius University Naugarduko 24 03225 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Gustautas Snarskis
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology Saulėtekio av. 3 10257 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Rita Bukšnaitienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry Vilnius University Naugarduko 24 03225 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Edvinas Orentas
- Department of Organic Chemistry Vilnius University Naugarduko 24 03225 Vilnius Lithuania
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120
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Javorskis T, Karpavičienė I, Jurys A, Snarskis G, Bukšnaitienė R, Orentas E. An Enolate-Structure-Enabled Anionic Cascade Cyclization Reaction: Easy Access to Complex Scaffolds with Contiguous Six-, Five-, and Four-Membered Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20120-20128. [PMID: 32697013 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Catalyst-free addition of ketone enolate to non-activated multiple C-C bonds involves non-complementary reaction partners and typically requires super-basic conditions. On the other hand, highly aggregated or solvated enolates are not reactive enough to undergo direct addition to alkenes or alkynes. Herein, we report a new anionic cascade reaction for one-step assembly of intriguing molecular scaffolds possessing contiguous six-, five-, and four-membered rings, representing a formal [2+2] enol-allene cycloaddition. Reaction proceeds under very mild conditions and with excellent diastereoselectivity. Deeper mechanistic and computational studies revealed unusually slow proton transfer phenomenon in cyclic ketone intermediate and explained peculiar stereochemical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Javorskis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, 03225, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Karpavičienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, 03225, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arminas Jurys
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, 03225, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gustautas Snarskis
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rita Bukšnaitienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, 03225, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Edvinas Orentas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, 03225, Vilnius, Lithuania
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121
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Rivero AR, Fodran P, Ondrejková A, Wallentin CJ. Alcohol Etherification via Alkoxy Radicals Generated by Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis. Org Lett 2020; 22:8436-8440. [PMID: 33040526 PMCID: PMC7653678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A mechanistically divergent method
is described that, employing
a commercially available hypervalent iodine(III) reagent, generates
alkoxy radicals from 1°, 2°, and 3° alcohols and allows
their use in the functionalization of C(sp3)–H and
C(sp2)–H bonds. This visible-light photoredox catalysis
produces alkyl ethers via 1,5/6-hydrogen atom transfer or aryl ethers
via 1,5-addition. This mild methodology provides a practical strategy
for the synthesis of acetals, orthoesters, tetrahydrofurans, and chromanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R Rivero
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemigården 4, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Fodran
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemigården 4, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alica Ondrejková
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemigården 4, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Wallentin
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemigården 4, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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122
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Zheng M, Huang Y, Zhan LW, Hou J, Li BD. Visible-light-induced C-C bond cleavage of lignin model compounds with cyanobenziodoxolone. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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123
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Abstract
This article reviews synthetic transformations involving cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond of a four-membered ring, with a particular focus on the examples reported during the period from 2011 to the end of 2019. Most significant is the progress of catalytic reactions involving oxidative addition of carbon-carbon bonds onto transition metals or β-carbon elimination of transition metal alkoxides. When they are looked at from synthetic perspectives, they offer unique and efficient methods to build complex natural products and structures that are difficult to construct by conventional methods. On the other hand, β-scission of radical intermediates has also attracted increasing attention as an alternative elementary step to cleave carbon-carbon bonds. Its site-selectivity is often complementary to that of transition metal-catalyzed reactions. In addition, Lewis acid-mediated and thermally induced ring-opening of cyclobutanone derivatives has garnered renewed attention. On the whole, these examples demonstrate unique synthetic potentials of structurally strained four-membered ring compounds for the construction of organic skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Murakami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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124
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Shu C, Madhavachary R, Noble A, Aggarwal VK. Photoinduced Fragmentation Borylation of Cyclic Alcohols and Hemiacetals. Org Lett 2020; 22:7213-7218. [PMID: 32903015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shu
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | | | - Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Varinder K. Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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125
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Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Jin R, Liu J, Liu G, Han B, Jiao N. DMSO‐Enabled Selective Radical O−H Activation of 1,3(4)‐Diols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Rd. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Ziyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Rd. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Rui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Rd. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Jianzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Rd. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Guoquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Rd. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Rd. 38 Beijing 100191 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
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126
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Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Jin R, Liu J, Liu G, Han B, Jiao N. DMSO-Enabled Selective Radical O-H Activation of 1,3(4)-Diols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19851-19856. [PMID: 32701184 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Control of selectivity is one of the central topics in organic chemistry. Although unprecedented alkoxyl-radical-induced transformations have drawn a lot of attention, compared to selective C-H activation, selective radical O-H activation remains less explored. Herein, we report a novel selective radical O-H activation strategy of diols by combining spatial effects with proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET). It was found that DMSO is an essential reagent that enables the regioselective transformation of diols. Mechanistic studies indicated the existence of the alkoxyl radical and the selective interaction between DMSO and hydroxyl groups. Moreover, the distal C-C cleavage was realized by this selective alkoxyl-radical-initiation protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ziyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Rui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jianzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Guoquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. 38, Beijing, 100191, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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127
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Liu J, Lu L, Wood D, Lin S. New Redox Strategies in Organic Synthesis by Means of Electrochemistry and Photochemistry. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:1317-1340. [PMID: 32875074 PMCID: PMC7453421 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
As the breadth of radical chemistry grows, new means to promote and regulate single-electron redox activities play increasingly important roles in driving modern synthetic innovation. In this regard, photochemistry and electrochemistry-both considered as niche fields for decades-have seen an explosive renewal of interest in recent years and gradually have become a cornerstone of organic chemistry. In this Outlook article, we examine the current state-of-the-art in the areas of electrochemistry and photochemistry, as well as the nascent area of electrophotochemistry. These techniques employ external stimuli to activate organic molecules and imbue privileged control of reaction progress and selectivity that is challenging to traditional chemical methods. Thus, they provide alternative entries to known and new reactive intermediates and enable distinct synthetic strategies that were previously unimaginable. Of the many hallmarks, electro- and photochemistry are often classified as "green" technologies, promoting organic reactions under mild conditions without the necessity for potent and wasteful oxidants and reductants. This Outlook reviews the most recent growth of these fields with special emphasis on conceptual advances that have given rise to enhanced accessibility to the tools of the modern chemical trade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New
York 14853, United States
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128
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Ghorbani F, Harry SA, Capilato JN, Pitts CR, Joram J, Peters GN, Tovar JD, Smajlagic I, Siegler MA, Dudding T, Lectka T. Carbonyl-Directed Aliphatic Fluorination: A Special Type of Hydrogen Atom Transfer Beats Out Norrish II. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14710-14724. [PMID: 32786786 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, our group reported that enone and ketone functional groups, upon photoexcitation, can direct site-selective sp3 C-H fluorination in terpenoid derivatives. How this transformation actually occurred remained mysterious, as a significant number of mechanistic possibilities came to mind. Herein, we report a comprehensive study describing the reaction mechanism through kinetic studies, isotope-labeling experiments, 19F NMR, electrochemical studies, synthetic probes, and computational experiments. To our surprise, the mechanism suggests intermolecular hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) chemistry is at play, rather than classical Norrish hydrogen atom abstraction as initially conceived. What is more, we discovered a unique role for photopromoters such as benzil and related compounds that necessitates their chemical transformation through fluorination in order to be effective. Our findings provide documentation of an unusual form of directed HAT and are of crucial importance for defining the necessary parameters for the development of future methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshte Ghorbani
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Stefan Andrew Harry
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Joseph N Capilato
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Cody Ross Pitts
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Jacob Joram
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Garvin N Peters
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - John D Tovar
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Ivor Smajlagic
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Travis Dudding
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Thomas Lectka
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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129
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Xin H, Duan X, Liu L, Guo L. Metal‐Free, Visible‐Light‐Induced Selective C−C Bond Cleavage of Cycloalkanones with Molecular Oxygen. Chemistry 2020; 26:11690-11694. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xin
- Department of Chemistry School of Chemistry Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of, Condensed Matter Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Xin‐Hua Duan
- Department of Chemistry School of Chemistry Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of, Condensed Matter Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Le Liu
- Department of Chemistry School of Chemistry Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of, Condensed Matter Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Li‐Na Guo
- Department of Chemistry School of Chemistry Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of, Condensed Matter Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
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130
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Burykina JV, Shlapakov NS, Gordeev EG, König B, Ananikov VP. Selectivity control in thiol-yne click reactions via visible light induced associative electron upconversion. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10061-10070. [PMID: 34094267 PMCID: PMC8162103 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01939a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
An associative electron upconversion is proposed as a key step determining the selectivity of thiol-yne coupling. The developed synthetic approach provided an efficient tool to access a comprehensive range of products - four types of vinyl sulfides were prepared in high yields and selectivity. We report practically important transition-metal-free regioselective thiol-yne addition and formation of the demanding Markovnikov-type product by a radical photoredox process. The photochemical process was directly monitored by mass-spectrometry in a specially designed ESI-MS device with green laser excitation in the spray chamber. The proposed reaction mechanism is supported by experiments and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia V Burykina
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Nikita S Shlapakov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg Universitätstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Evgeniy G Gordeev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Burkhard König
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg Universitätstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
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131
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Tsui E, Metrano AJ, Tsuchiya Y, Knowles RR. Catalytic Hydroetherification of Unactivated Alkenes Enabled by Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11845-11849. [PMID: 32227658 PMCID: PMC7451027 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report a catalytic, light-driven method for the intramolecular hydroetherification of unactivated alkenols to furnish cyclic ether products. These reactions occur under visible-light irradiation in the presence of an IrIII -based photoredox catalyst, a Brønsted base catalyst, and a hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) co-catalyst. Reactive alkoxy radicals are proposed as key intermediates, generated by direct homolytic activation of alcohol O-H bonds through a proton-coupled electron-transfer mechanism. This method exhibits a broad substrate scope and high functional-group tolerance, and it accommodates a diverse range of alkene substitution patterns. Results demonstrating the extension of this catalytic system to carboetherification reactions are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Tsui
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Anthony J Metrano
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Yuto Tsuchiya
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Robert R Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
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132
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Lutz MDR, Morandi B. Metal-Catalyzed Carbon–Carbon Bond Cleavage of Unstrained Alcohols. Chem Rev 2020; 121:300-326. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bill Morandi
- ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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133
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Liu M, Zhang Z, Liu H, Wu T, Han B. Dehydroxyalkylative halogenation of C(aryl)-C bonds of aryl alcohols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7120-7123. [PMID: 32458843 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02306j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We herein report Cu mediated side-directed dehydroxyalkylative halogenation of aryl alcohols. C(aryl)-C bonds of aryl alcohols were effectively cleaved, affording the corresponding aryl chlorides, bromides and iodides in excellent yields. Aryl alcohols could serve as both aromatic electrophilic and radical synthetic equivalents during the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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134
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Raclea RC, Natho P, Allen LAT, White AJP, Parsons PJ. Oxidative Deconstruction of Azetidinols to α-Amino Ketones. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9375-9385. [PMID: 32543189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A silver-mediated synthesis of α-amino ketones via the oxidative deconstruction of azetidinols has been developed using a readily scalable protocol with isolated yields up to 80%. The azetidinols are easily synthesized in one step and can act as protecting groups for these pharmaceutically relevant synthons. Furthermore, mechanistic insights are presented and these data have revealed that the transformation is likely to proceed through the β-scission of an alkoxy radical, followed by oxidation and C-N cleavage of the resulting α-amido radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert-Cristian Raclea
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, W12 0BZ, London, U.K
| | - Philipp Natho
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, W12 0BZ, London, U.K
| | - Lewis A T Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, W12 0BZ, London, U.K
| | - Andrew J P White
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, W12 0BZ, London, U.K
| | - Philip J Parsons
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, W12 0BZ, London, U.K
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135
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Yu XY, Chen JR, Xiao WJ. Visible Light-Driven Radical-Mediated C–C Bond Cleavage/Functionalization in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2020; 121:506-561. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ye Yu
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
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136
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Lee JM, Bae DY, Park JY, Jo HY, Lee E, Rhee YH, Park J. Concurrent Formation of N–H Imines and Carbonyl Compounds by Ruthenium-Catalyzed C–C Bond Cleavage of β-Hydroxy Azides. Org Lett 2020; 22:4608-4613. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Bae
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yong Park
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwi Yul Jo
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Rhee
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaiwook Park
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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137
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Tsui E, Metrano AJ, Tsuchiya Y, Knowles RR. Catalytic Hydroetherification of Unactivated Alkenes Enabled by Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Tsui
- Department of Chemistry Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | | | - Yuto Tsuchiya
- Department of Chemistry Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
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138
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Ener ME, Darcy JW, Menges FS, Mayer JM. Base-Directed Photoredox Activation of C-H Bonds by PCET. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7175-7180. [PMID: 32364382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis using proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) has emerged as a powerful method for bond transformations. We previously employed traditional chemical oxidants to achieve multiple-site concerted proton-electron transfer (MS-CPET) activation of a C-H bond in a proof-of-concept fluorenyl-benzoate substrate. As described here, photoredox oxidation of the fluorenyl-benzoate follows the same rate constant vs driving force trend determined for thermal MS-CPET. Analogous photoredox catalysis enables C-H activation and H/D exchange in a number of additional substrates with favorably positioned bases. Mechanistic studies support our hypothesis that MS-CPET is a viable pathway for bond activation for substrates in which the C-H bond is weak, while stepwise carboxylate oxidation and hydrogen atom transfer likely predominate for stronger C-H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maraia E Ener
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Julia W Darcy
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Fabian S Menges
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - James M Mayer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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139
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Chen L, Yang JC, Xu P, Zhang JJ, Duan XH, Guo L. Nickel-catalyzed Suzuki Coupling of Cycloalkyl Silyl Peroxides with Boronic Acids. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7515-7525. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Cheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Hua Duan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Li−Na Guo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
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140
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Laktsevich-Iskryk MV, Varabyeva NA, Kazlova VV, Zhabinskii VN, Khripach VA, Hurski AL. Visible-Light-Promoted Catalytic Ring-Opening Isomerization of 1,2-Disubstituted Cyclopropanols to Linear Ketones. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nastassia A. Varabyeva
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; National Academy of Sciences of Belarus; Kuprevich str. 5/2 220141 Minsk Belarus
| | - Volha V. Kazlova
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; National Academy of Sciences of Belarus; Kuprevich str. 5/2 220141 Minsk Belarus
| | - Vladimir N. Zhabinskii
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; National Academy of Sciences of Belarus; Kuprevich str. 5/2 220141 Minsk Belarus
| | - Vladimir A. Khripach
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; National Academy of Sciences of Belarus; Kuprevich str. 5/2 220141 Minsk Belarus
| | - Alaksiej L. Hurski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; National Academy of Sciences of Belarus; Kuprevich str. 5/2 220141 Minsk Belarus
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141
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An Q, Wang Z, Chen Y, Wang X, Zhang K, Pan H, Liu W, Zuo Z. Cerium-Catalyzed C-H Functionalizations of Alkanes Utilizing Alcohols as Hydrogen Atom Transfer Agents. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6216-6226. [PMID: 32181657 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Modern photoredox catalysis has traditionally relied upon metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excitation of metal polypyridyl complexes for the utilization of light energy for the activation of organic substrates. Here, we demonstrate the catalytic application of ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) excitation of cerium alkoxide complexes for the facile activation of alkanes utilizing abundant and inexpensive cerium trichloride as the catalyst. As demonstrated by cerium-catalyzed C-H amination and the alkylation of hydrocarbons, this reaction manifold has enabled the facile use of abundant alcohols as practical and selective hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) agents via the direct access of energetically challenging alkoxy radicals. Furthermore, the LMCT excitation event has been investigated through a series of spectroscopic experiments, revealing a rapid bond homolysis process and an effective production of alkoxy radicals, collectively ruling out the LMCT/homolysis event as the rate-determining step of this C-H functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing An
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 100049, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 100049, China
| | - Yuegang Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 100049, China
| | - Kaining Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 100049, China
| | - Hui Pan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 100049, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,STU & SIOM Joint Laboratory for Superintense Lasers and the Applications, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhiwei Zuo
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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142
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Roos CB, Demaerel J, Graff DE, Knowles RR. Enantioselective Hydroamination of Alkenes with Sulfonamides Enabled by Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5974-5979. [PMID: 32182054 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective, radical-based method for the intramolecular hydroamination of alkenes with sulfonamides is reported. These reactions are proposed to proceed via N-centered radicals formed by proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) activation of sulfonamide N-H bonds. Noncovalent interactions between the neutral sulfonamidyl radical and a chiral phosphoric acid generated in the PCET event are hypothesized to serve as the basis for asymmetric induction in a subsequent C-N bond forming step, achieving selectivities of up to 98:2 er. These results offer further support for the ability of noncovalent interactions to enforce stereoselectivity in reactions of transient and highly reactive open-shell intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey B Roos
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Joachim Demaerel
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David E Graff
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert R Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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143
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Ji T, Chen XY, Huang L, Rueping M. Remote Trifluoromethylthiolation Enabled by Organophotocatalytic C-C Bond Cleavage. Org Lett 2020; 22:2579-2583. [PMID: 32176516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The first metal-free ring opening/trifluoromethylthiolation of cycloalkanols for the formation of remote C(sp3)-SCF3 bonds has been developed. A variety of trifluoromethylthiolated carbonyl compounds that are otherwise difficult to achieve were prepared in good yields under mild reaction conditions. The reaction is assumed to proceed via C-C bond cleavage of the alkoxyl radical species generated via a photoredox-enabled intramolecular proton-coupled electron transfer process, followed by trifluoromethylthiolation of the resulting C-centered radical with the N-(trifluoromethylthio)phthalimide reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Ji
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Xiang-Yu Chen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Long Huang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Magnus Rueping
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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144
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Shirase S, Tamaki S, Shinohara K, Hirosawa K, Tsurugi H, Satoh T, Mashima K. Cerium(IV) Carboxylate Photocatalyst for Catalytic Radical Formation from Carboxylic Acids: Decarboxylative Oxygenation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids and Lactonization of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5668-5675. [PMID: 32109060 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We found that in situ generated cerium(IV) carboxylate generated by mixing the precursor Ce(OtBu)4 with the corresponding carboxylic acids served as efficient photocatalysts for the direct formation of carboxyl radicals from carboxylic acids under blue light-emitting diodes (blue LEDs) irradiation and air, resulting in catalytic decarboxylative oxygenation of aliphatic carboxylic acids to give C-O bond-forming products such as aldehydes and ketones. Control experiments revealed that hexanuclear Ce(IV) carboxylate clusters initially formed in the reaction mixture and the ligand-to-metal charge transfer nature of the Ce(IV) carboxylate clusters was responsible for the high catalytic performance to transform the carboxylate ligands to the carboxyl radical. In addition, the Ce(IV) carboxylate cluster catalyzed direct lactonization of 2-isopropylbenzoic acid to produce the corresponding peroxy lactone and γ-lactone via intramolecular 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (1,5-HAT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Shirase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Sota Tamaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Koichi Shinohara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Keishi Hirosawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Hayato Tsurugi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Satoh
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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145
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Bo Z, Ji-Jun Z, Sheng H, Dong-Huai T, Jiang-Wei L, Wei Z, Jian L. Base-catalyzed stereoselective hydrophenoxylation and hydrothiolation of hexafluorobutyne. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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146
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Huang L, Ji T, Rueping M. Remote Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Arylation via Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer-Enabled C–C Bond Cleavage. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3532-3539. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Long Huang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Tengfei Ji
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Magnus Rueping
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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147
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Wang M, Li M, Yang S, Xue XS, Wu X, Zhu C. Radical-mediated C-C cleavage of unstrained cycloketones and DFT study for unusual regioselectivity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:672. [PMID: 32015335 PMCID: PMC6997357 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14435-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-C σ-bond activation of unstrained cycloketones represents an ingenious and advanced technique in synthetic chemistry, but it remains a challenging area which has been largely underexplored. Herein we report an efficient strategy for the direct C-C cleavage of cyclohexanones and cyclopentanones. The cyclic C-C σ-bond is readily cleaved under mild conditions with the aid of an in situ formed side-chain aryl radical. Density functional theory calculations are carried out to shed light on the unusual regioselectivity of C-C bond cleavage. The reaction affords a variety of structurally diverse 3-coumaranones and indanones that widely exist in natural products and bioactive molecules, illustrating the synthetic value of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Man Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Shan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Song Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xinxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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148
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Abstract
Alkoxy radicals have long been known to enable remote C-H functionalization via 1,5-hydrogen atom abstraction. However, methods for their generation traditionally have relied upon highly oxidizing metals, ultraviolet radiation, or preformed peroxide intermediates, which has prevented the development of many desirable transformations. Herein we report a new bench-stable precursor that decomposes to free alkoxy radicals via a previously unreported single-electron oxidation pathway. This new precursor enables the fluorination and chlorination of remote C-H bonds under exceptionally mild conditions with exceedingly high monoselectivity. Iterative use of this precursor enables the introduction of a second halogen atom, granting access to remote dihalide motifs, including CF2 and CFCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair N Herron
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Dongxin Liu
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Guoqin Xia
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
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149
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Zhou X, Ding H, Chen P, Liu L, Sun Q, Wang X, Wang P, Lv Z, Li M. Radical Dehydroxymethylative Fluorination of Carbohydrates and Divergent Transformations of the Resulting Reverse Glycosyl Fluorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4138-4144. [PMID: 31850616 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A mild and convenient method for the synthesis of reverse glycosyl fluorides (RGFs) has been developed that is based on the silver-promoted radical dehydroxymethylative fluorination of carbohydrates. A salient feature of the reaction is that furanoid and pyranoid carbohydrates furnish structurally diverse RGFs bearing a wide variety of functional groups in good to excellent yields. Intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer experiments revealed that the reaction involves an underexploited radical fluorination that proceeds via β-fragmentation of sugar-derived primary alkoxyl radicals. Structurally divergent RGFs were obtained by catalytic C-F bond activation, and our method thus offers a concise and efficient strategy for the synthesis of reverse glycosides by late-stage diversification of RGFs. The potential of this method is showcased by the preparation and diversification of sotagliflozin, leading to the discovery of a promising SGLT2 inhibitor candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Han Ding
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Pengwei Chen
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China.,Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Products from Li Folk Medicine, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Qikai Sun
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Xianyang Wang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Lv
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
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150
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Zhou X, Ding H, Chen P, Liu L, Sun Q, Wang X, Wang P, Lv Z, Li M. Radical Dehydroxymethylative Fluorination of Carbohydrates and Divergent Transformations of the Resulting Reverse Glycosyl Fluorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine Chinese Ministry of Education Ocean University of China 5 Yushan Road Qingdao 266003 P. R. China
| | - Han Ding
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine Chinese Ministry of Education Ocean University of China 5 Yushan Road Qingdao 266003 P. R. China
| | - Pengwei Chen
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine Chinese Ministry of Education Ocean University of China 5 Yushan Road Qingdao 266003 P. R. China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Products from Li Folk Medicine Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Haikou 571101 P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine Chinese Ministry of Education Ocean University of China 5 Yushan Road Qingdao 266003 P. R. China
| | - Qikai Sun
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine Chinese Ministry of Education Ocean University of China 5 Yushan Road Qingdao 266003 P. R. China
| | - Xianyang Wang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine Chinese Ministry of Education Ocean University of China 5 Yushan Road Qingdao 266003 P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine Chinese Ministry of Education Ocean University of China 5 Yushan Road Qingdao 266003 P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Lv
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine Chinese Ministry of Education Ocean University of China 5 Yushan Road Qingdao 266003 P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266237 P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine Chinese Ministry of Education Ocean University of China 5 Yushan Road Qingdao 266003 P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266237 P. R. China
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