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Development of Heptylmannoside-Based Glycoconjugate Antiadhesive Compounds against Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli Bacteria Associated with Crohn's Disease. mBio 2015; 6:e01298-15. [PMID: 26578673 PMCID: PMC4659459 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01298-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ileal lesions of Crohn’s disease (CD) patients are colonized by adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) bacteria. These bacteria adhere to mannose residues expressed by CEACAM6 on host cells in a type 1 pilus-dependent manner. In this study, we investigated different antagonists of FimH, the adhesin of type 1 pili, for their ability to block AIEC adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). Monovalent and multivalent derivatives of n-heptyl α-d-mannoside (HM), a nanomolar antagonist of FimH, were tested in vitro in IEC infected with the AIEC LF82 strain and in vivo by oral administration to CEACAM6-expressing mice infected with LF82 bacteria. In vitro, multivalent derivatives were more potent than the monovalent derivatives, with a gain of efficacy superior to their valencies, probably owing to their ability to form bacterial aggregates. Of note, HM and the multi-HM glycoconjugates exhibited lower efficacy in vivo in decreasing LF82 gut colonization. Interestingly, HM analogues functionalized with an isopropylamide (1A-HM) or β-cyclodextrin pharmacophore at the end of the heptyl tail (1CD-HM) exerted beneficial effects in vivo. These two compounds strongly decreased the amount of LF82 bacteria in the feces of mice and that of bacteria associated with the gut mucosa when administered orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight after infection. Importantly, signs of colitis and intestinal inflammation induced by LF82 infection were also prevented. These results highlight the potential of the antiadhesive compounds to treat CD patients abnormally colonized by AIEC bacteria and point to an alternative to the current approach focusing on blocking proinflammatory mediators. Current treatments for Crohn’s disease (CD), including immunosuppressive agents, anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF-α) and anti-integrin antibodies, focus on the symptoms but not on the cause of the disease. Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) bacteria abnormally colonize the ileal mucosa of CD patients via the interaction of the mannose-specific adhesin FimH of type 1 pili with CEACAM6 mannosylated proteins expressed on the epithelial cell surface. Thus, we decided to develop an antiadhesive strategy based on synthetic FimH antagonists specifically targeting AIEC bacteria that would decrease intestinal inflammation. Heptylmannoside (HM)-based glycocompounds strongly inhibit AIEC adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. The antiadhesive effect of two of these compounds of relatively simple chemical structure was also observed in vivo in AIEC-infected CEACAM6-expressing mice and was associated with a reduction in the signs of colitis. These results suggest a new therapeutic approach for CD patients colonized by AIEC bacteria, based on the development of synthetic FimH antagonists.
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Hage N, Howard T, Phillips C, Brassington C, Overman R, Debreczeni J, Gellert P, Stolnik S, Winkler GS, Falcone FH. Structural basis of Lewis(b) antigen binding by the Helicobacter pylori adhesin BabA. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2015; 1:e1500315. [PMID: 26601230 PMCID: PMC4643811 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a leading cause of peptic ulceration and gastric cancer worldwide. To achieve colonization of the stomach, this Gram-negative bacterium adheres to Lewis(b) (Le(b)) antigens in the gastric mucosa using its outer membrane protein BabA. Structural information for BabA has been elusive, and thus, its molecular mechanism for recognizing Le(b) antigens remains unknown. We present the crystal structure of the extracellular domain of BabA, from H. pylori strain J99, in the absence and presence of Le(b) at 2.0- and 2.1-Å resolutions, respectively. BabA is a predominantly α-helical molecule with a markedly kinked tertiary structure containing a single, shallow Le(b) binding site at its tip within a β-strand motif. No conformational change occurs in BabA upon binding of Le(b), which is characterized by low affinity under acidic [K D (dissociation constant) of ~227 μM] and neutral (K D of ~252 μM) conditions. Binding is mediated by a network of hydrogen bonds between Le(b) Fuc1, GlcNAc3, Fuc4, and Gal5 residues and a total of eight BabA amino acids (C189, G191, N194, N206, D233, S234, S244, and T246) through both carbonyl backbone and side-chain interactions. The structural model was validated through the generation of two BabA variants containing N206A and combined D233A/S244A substitutions, which result in a reduction and complete loss of binding affinity to Le(b), respectively. Knowledge of the molecular basis of Le(b) recognition by BabA provides a platform for the development of therapeutics targeted at inhibiting H. pylori adherence to the gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naim Hage
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Tina Howard
- Discovery Sciences, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
- Corresponding author. E-mail: (T.H.); (F.H.F.)
| | - Chris Phillips
- Discovery Sciences, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Darwin Building, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Claire Brassington
- Discovery Sciences, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Ross Overman
- Discovery Sciences, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Judit Debreczeni
- Discovery Sciences, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Darwin Building, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Paul Gellert
- Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Charter Way, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Snow Stolnik
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - G. Sebastiaan Winkler
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Franco H. Falcone
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Corresponding author. E-mail: (T.H.); (F.H.F.)
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Raditic DM. Complementary and Integrative Therapies for Lower Urinary Tract Diseases. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2015; 45:857-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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104
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Addressing the global need to combat multidrug resistance: carbohydrates may hold the key. Future Med Chem 2015; 6:1539-43. [PMID: 25367388 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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105
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Fernández-Tejada A, Cañada FJ, Jiménez-Barbero J. Recent Developments in Synthetic Carbohydrate-Based Diagnostics, Vaccines, and Therapeutics. Chemistry 2015; 21:10616-28. [PMID: 26095198 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycans are everywhere in biological systems, being involved in many cellular events with important implications for medical purposes. Building upon a detailed understanding of the functional roles of carbohydrates in molecular recognition processes and disease states, glycans are increasingly being considered as key players in pharmacological research. On the basis of the important progress recently made in glycochemistry, glycobiology, and glycomedicine, we provide a complete overview of successful applications and future perspectives of carbohydrates in the biopharmaceutical and medical fields. This review highlights the development of carbohydrate-based diagnostics, exemplified by glycan imaging techniques and microarray platforms, synthetic oligosaccharide vaccines against infectious diseases (e.g., HIV) and cancer, and finally carbohydrate-derived therapeutics, including glycomimetic drugs and glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - F Javier Cañada
- Chemical and Physical Biology, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid (Spain)
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- Infectious Disease Programme, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, CIC-bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio (Spain). .,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, María López de Haro 13, 48009 Bilbao (Spain).
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106
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Hibbing ME, Conover MS, Hultgren SJ. The unexplored relationship between urinary tract infections and the autonomic nervous system. Auton Neurosci 2015; 200:29-34. [PMID: 26108548 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs), the majority of which are caused by uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), are extremely common infections that preferentially effect women. Additional complicating factors, such as catheterization, diabetes, and spinal cord injuries can increase the frequency and severity of UTIs. The rise of antimicrobial resistant uropathogens and the ability of this disease to chronically recur make the development of alternative preventative and therapeutic modalities a priority. The major symptoms of UTIs, urgency, frequency, and dysuria, are readouts of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the majority of the factors that lead to complicated UTIs have been shown to impact ANS function. This review summarizes the decades' long efforts to understand the molecular mechanisms of the interactions between UPEC and the host, with a particular focus on the recent findings revealing the molecular, bacteriological, immunological and epidemiological complexity of pathogenesis. Additionally, we describe the progress that has been made in: i) generating vaccines and anti-virulence compounds that prevent and/or treat UTI by blocking bacterial adherence to urinary tract tissue and; and ii) elucidating the mechanism by which anti-inflammatories are able to alleviate symptoms and improve disease prognosis. Finally, the potential relationships between the ANS and UTI are considered throughout. While these relationships have not been experimentally explored, the known interactions between numerous UTI characteristics (symptoms, complicating factors, and inflammation) and ANS function suggest that UTIs are directly impacting ANS stimulation and that ANS (dys)function may alter UTI prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Hibbing
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110-1010, United States; Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110-1010, United States.
| | - Matt S Conover
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110-1010, United States; Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110-1010, United States
| | - Scott J Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110-1010, United States; Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110-1010, United States.
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107
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Yan X, Sivignon A, Yamakawa N, Crepet A, Travelet C, Borsali R, Dumych T, Li Z, Bilyy R, Deniaud D, Fleury E, Barnich N, Darfeuille-Michaud A, Gouin SG, Bouckaert J, Bernard J. Glycopolymers as Antiadhesives of E. coli Strains Inducing Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:1827-36. [PMID: 25961760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
n-Heptyl α-d-mannose (HM) is a nanomolar antagonist of FimH, a virulence factor of E. coli. Herein we report on the construction of multivalent HM-based glycopolymers as potent antiadhesives of type 1 piliated E. coli. We investigate glycopolymer/FimH and glycopolymer/bacteria interactions and show that HM-based glycopolymers efficiently inhibit bacterial adhesion and disrupt established cell-bacteria interactions in vitro at very low concentration (0.1 μM on a mannose unit basis). On a valency-corrected basis, HM-based glycopolymers are, respectively, 10(2) and 10(6) times more potent than HM and d-mannose for their capacity to disrupt the binding of adherent-invasive E. coli to T84 intestinal epithelial cells. Finally, we demonstrate that the antiadhesive capacities of HM-based glycopolymers are preserved ex vivo in the colonic loop of a transgenic mouse model of Crohn's disease. All together, these results underline the promising scope of HM-based macromolecular ligands for the antiadhesive treatment of E. coli induced inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xibo Yan
- §Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69003 France.,◆INSA-Lyon, IMP, Villeurbanne, F-69621 France.,¶CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Villeurbanne, F-69621, France
| | - Adeline Sivignon
- ∥Clermont Université, UMR 1071, Inserm/Université d'Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,⊥INRA, Unité Sous Contrat 2018, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nao Yamakawa
- #Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), UMR 8576, Université Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Agnes Crepet
- §Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69003 France.,◆INSA-Lyon, IMP, Villeurbanne, F-69621 France.,¶CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Villeurbanne, F-69621, France
| | - Christophe Travelet
- ○Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV - CNRS UPR 5301), Université de Grenoble-Alpes, ICMG - CNRS FR 2607, PolyNat Carnot Institute, Arcane LabEx, 601 rue de la Chimie, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Redouane Borsali
- ○Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV - CNRS UPR 5301), Université de Grenoble-Alpes, ICMG - CNRS FR 2607, PolyNat Carnot Institute, Arcane LabEx, 601 rue de la Chimie, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Tetiana Dumych
- □Institute of Cell Biology, NASU, Drahomanov Street 14/16, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Zhaoli Li
- △Division of Bacterial Diseases, State key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Maduan St. 427#, Nangang Dis, Harbin, China
| | - Rostyslav Bilyy
- □Institute of Cell Biology, NASU, Drahomanov Street 14/16, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - David Deniaud
- ▽LUNAM Université, CEISAM, Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, UMR CNRS 6230, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Etienne Fleury
- §Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69003 France.,◆INSA-Lyon, IMP, Villeurbanne, F-69621 France.,¶CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Villeurbanne, F-69621, France
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- ∥Clermont Université, UMR 1071, Inserm/Université d'Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,⊥INRA, Unité Sous Contrat 2018, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud
- ∥Clermont Université, UMR 1071, Inserm/Université d'Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,⊥INRA, Unité Sous Contrat 2018, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sébastien G Gouin
- ▽LUNAM Université, CEISAM, Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, UMR CNRS 6230, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Julie Bouckaert
- #Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), UMR 8576, Université Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Julien Bernard
- §Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69003 France.,◆INSA-Lyon, IMP, Villeurbanne, F-69621 France.,¶CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Villeurbanne, F-69621, France
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108
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Fiege B, Rabbani S, Preston RC, Jakob RP, Zihlmann P, Schwardt O, Jiang X, Maier T, Ernst B. The tyrosine gate of the bacterial lectin FimH: a conformational analysis by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Chembiochem 2015; 16:1235-46. [PMID: 25940742 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections caused by uropathogenic E. coli are among the most prevalent infectious diseases. The mannose-specific lectin FimH mediates the adhesion of the bacteria to the urothelium, thus enabling host cell invasion and recurrent infections. An attractive alternative to antibiotic treatment is the development of FimH antagonists that mimic the physiological ligand. A large variety of candidate drugs have been developed and characterized by means of in vitro studies and animal models. Here we present the X-ray co-crystal structures of FimH with members of four antagonist classes. In three of these cases no structural data had previously been available. We used NMR spectroscopy to characterize FimH-antagonist interactions further by chemical shift perturbation. The analysis allowed a clear determination of the conformation of the tyrosine gate motif that is crucial for the interaction with aglycone moieties and was not obvious from X-ray structural data alone. Finally, ITC experiments provided insight into the thermodynamics of antagonist binding. In conjunction with the structural information from X-ray and NMR experiments the results provide a mechanism for the often-observed enthalpy-entropy compensation of FimH antagonists that plays a role in fine-tuning of the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Fiege
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Said Rabbani
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Roland C Preston
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Roman P Jakob
- Structural Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Pascal Zihlmann
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Oliver Schwardt
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Timm Maier
- Structural Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel (Switzerland).
| | - Beat Ernst
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel (Switzerland).
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109
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Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options. Nat Rev Microbiol 2015; 13:269-84. [PMID: 25853778 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro3432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1930] [Impact Index Per Article: 214.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a severe public health problem and are caused by a range of pathogens, but most commonly by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. High recurrence rates and increasing antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens threaten to greatly increase the economic burden of these infections. In this Review, we discuss how basic science studies are elucidating the molecular details of the crosstalk that occurs at the host-pathogen interface, as well as the consequences of these interactions for the pathophysiology of UTIs. We also describe current efforts to translate this knowledge into new clinical treatments for UTIs.
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110
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Busch A, Phan G, Waksman G. Molecular mechanism of bacterial type 1 and P pili assembly. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2015; 373:rsta.2013.0153. [PMID: 25624519 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2013.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The formation of adhesive surface structures called pili or fimbriae ('bacterial hair') is an important contributor towards bacterial pathogenicity and persistence. To fight often chronic or recurrent bacterial infections such as urinary tract infections, it is necessary to understand the molecular mechanism of the nanomachines assembling such pili. Here, we focus on the so far best-known pilus assembly machinery: the chaperone-usher pathway producing the type 1 and P pili, and highlight the most recently acquired structural knowledge. First, we describe the subunits' structure and the molecular role of the periplasmic chaperone. Second, we focus on the outer-membrane usher structure and the catalytic mechanism of usher-mediated pilus biogenesis. Finally, we describe how the detailed understanding of the chaperone-usher pathway at a molecular level has paved the way for the design of a new generation of bacterial inhibitors called 'pilicides'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Busch
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London and Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Gilles Phan
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London and Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Gabriel Waksman
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London and Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
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111
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Kleeb S, Pang L, Mayer K, Eris D, Sigl A, Preston RC, Zihlmann P, Sharpe T, Jakob RP, Abgottspon D, Hutter AS, Scharenberg M, Jiang X, Navarra G, Rabbani S, Smiesko M, Lüdin N, Bezençon J, Schwardt O, Maier T, Ernst B. FimH antagonists: bioisosteres to improve the in vitro and in vivo PK/PD profile. J Med Chem 2015; 58:2221-39. [PMID: 25666045 DOI: 10.1021/jm501524q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs), predominantly caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), belong to the most prevalent infectious diseases worldwide. The attachment of UPEC to host cells is mediated by FimH, a mannose-binding adhesin at the tip of bacterial type 1 pili. To date, UTIs are mainly treated with antibiotics, leading to the ubiquitous problem of increasing resistance against most of the currently available antimicrobials. Therefore, new treatment strategies are urgently needed. Here, we describe the development of an orally available FimH antagonist. Starting from the carboxylate substituted biphenyl α-d-mannoside 9, affinity and the relevant pharmacokinetic parameters (solubility, permeability, renal excretion) were substantially improved by a bioisosteric approach. With 3'-chloro-4'-(α-d-mannopyranosyloxy)biphenyl-4-carbonitrile (10j) a FimH antagonist with an optimal in vitro PK/PD profile was identified. Orally applied, 10j was effective in a mouse model of UTI by reducing the bacterial load in the bladder by about 1000-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kleeb
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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112
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Schwartz DJ, Conover MS, Hannan TJ, Hultgren SJ. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli superinfection enhances the severity of mouse bladder infection. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004599. [PMID: 25569799 PMCID: PMC4287616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) afflict over 9 million women in America every year, often necessitating long-term prophylactic antibiotics. One risk factor for UTI is frequent sexual intercourse, which dramatically increases the risk of UTI. The mechanism behind this increased risk is unknown; however, bacteriuria increases immediately after sexual intercourse episodes, suggesting that physical manipulation introduces periurethral flora into the urinary tract. In this paper, we investigated whether superinfection (repeat introduction of bacteria) resulted in increased risk of severe UTI, manifesting as persistent bacteriuria, high titer bladder bacterial burdens and chronic inflammation, an outcome referred to as chronic cystitis. Chronic cystitis represents unchecked luminal bacterial replication and is defined histologically by urothelial hyperplasia and submucosal lymphoid aggregates, a histological pattern similar to that seen in humans suffering chronic UTI. C57BL/6J mice are resistant to chronic cystitis after a single infection; however, they developed persistent bacteriuria and chronic cystitis when superinfected 24 hours apart. Elevated levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), keratinocyte cytokine (KC/CXCL1), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the serum of C57BL/6J mice prior to the second infection predicted the development of chronic cystitis. These same cytokines have been found to precede chronic cystitis in singly infected C3H/HeN mice. Furthermore, inoculating C3H/HeN mice twice within a six-hour period doubled the proportion of mice that developed chronic cystitis. Intracellular bacterial replication, regulated hemolysin (HlyA) expression, and caspase 1/11 activation were essential for this increase. Microarrays conducted at four weeks post inoculation in both mouse strains revealed upregulation of IL-1 and antimicrobial peptides during chronic cystitis. These data suggest a mechanism by which caspase-1/11 activation and IL-1 secretion could predispose certain women to recurrent UTI after frequent intercourse, a predisposition predictable by several serum biomarkers in two murine models. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect millions of women each year resulting in substantial morbidity and lost wages. Approximately 1.5 million women are referred to urology clinics suffering from chronic recurrent UTI on a yearly basis necessitating the use of prophylactic antibiotics. Frequent and recent sexual intercourse correlates with the development of UTI, a phenomenon referred to clinically as “honeymoon cystitis.” Here, using superinfection mouse models, we identified bacterial and host factors that influence the likelihood of developing chronic UTI. We discovered that superinfection leads to a higher rate of chronic UTI, which depended on bacterial replication within bladder cells combined with an immune response including inflammasome activation and cytokine release. These data suggest that bacterial inoculation into an acutely inflamed urinary tract is more likely to lead to severe UTI than bacterial presence in the absence of inflammation. Modification of these risk factors could lead to new therapeutics that prevent the development of recurrent UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew J. Schwartz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Matt S. Conover
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Hannan
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Scott J. Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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113
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Abstract
Resistance of important bacterial pathogens to common antimicrobial therapies and the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria are increasing at an alarming rate and constitute one of our greatest challenges in the combat of bacterial infection and accompanied diseases. The current shortage of effective drugs, lack of successful prevention measures and only a few new antibiotics in the clinical pipeline demand the development of novel treatment options and alternative antimicrobial therapies. Our increasing understanding of bacterial virulence strategies and the induced molecular pathways of the infectious disease provides novel opportunities to target and interfere with crucial pathogenicity factors or virulence-associated traits of the bacteria while bypassing the evolutionary pressure on the bacterium to develop resistance. In the past decade, numerous new bacterial targets for anti-virulence therapies have been identified, and structure-based tailoring of intervention strategies and screening assays for small-molecule inhibitors of such pathways were successfully established. In this chapter, we will take a closer look at the bacterial virulence-related factors and processes that present promising targets for anti-virulence therapies, recently discovered inhibitory substances and their promises and discuss the challenges, and problems that have to be faced.
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114
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Moonens K, De Kerpel M, Coddens A, Cox E, Pardon E, Remaut H, De Greve H. Nanobody mediated inhibition of attachment of F18 Fimbriae expressing Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114691. [PMID: 25502211 PMCID: PMC4263667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-weaning diarrhea and edema disease caused by F18 fimbriated E. coli are important diseases in newly weaned piglets and lead to severe production losses in farming industry. Protective treatments against these infections have thus far limited efficacy. In this study we generated nanobodies directed against the lectin domain of the F18 fimbrial adhesin FedF and showed in an in vitro adherence assay that four unique nanobodies inhibit the attachment of F18 fimbriated E. coli bacteria to piglet enterocytes. Crystallization of the FedF lectin domain with the most potent inhibitory nanobodies revealed their mechanism of action. These either competed with the binding of the blood group antigen receptor on the FedF surface or induced a conformational change in which the CDR3 region of the nanobody displaces the D″-E loop adjacent to the binding site. This D″-E loop was previously shown to be required for the interaction between F18 fimbriated bacteria and blood group antigen receptors in a membrane context. This work demonstrates the feasibility of inhibiting the attachment of fimbriated pathogens by employing nanobodies directed against the adhesin domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Moonens
- Structural & Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maia De Kerpel
- Structural & Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Annelies Coddens
- Department of Veterinary Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - Eric Cox
- Department of Veterinary Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - Els Pardon
- Structural & Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Han Remaut
- Structural & Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Henri De Greve
- Structural & Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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115
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Cecioni S, Imberty A, Vidal S. Glycomimetics versus Multivalent Glycoconjugates for the Design of High Affinity Lectin Ligands. Chem Rev 2014; 115:525-61. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500303t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samy Cecioni
- CERMAV, Université Grenoble Alpes and CNRS, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Institut
de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires,
Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2 - Glycochimie, UMR 5246, Université Lyon 1 and CNRS, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne Imberty
- CERMAV, Université Grenoble Alpes and CNRS, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Sébastien Vidal
- Institut
de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires,
Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2 - Glycochimie, UMR 5246, Université Lyon 1 and CNRS, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
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116
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Steadman D, Lo A, Waksman G, Remaut H. Bacterial surface appendages as targets for novel antibacterial therapeutics. Future Microbiol 2014; 9:887-900. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise of multidrug resistant bacteria is a major worldwide health concern. There is currently an unmet need for the development of new and selective antibacterial drugs. Therapies that target and disarm the crucial virulence factors of pathogenic bacteria, while not actually killing the cells themselves, could prove to be vital for the treatment of numerous diseases. This article discusses the main surface architectures of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria and the small molecules that have been discovered, which target their specific biogenesis pathways and/or actively block their virulence. The future perspective for the use of antivirulence compounds is also assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Steadman
- Institute of Structural & Molecular Biology, Birkbeck & University College London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Alvin Lo
- Structural & Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gabriel Waksman
- Institute of Structural & Molecular Biology, Birkbeck & University College London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Han Remaut
- Structural & Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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117
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Car Ž, Hrenar T, Petrović Peroković V, Ribić R, Seničar M, Tomić S. MannosylatedN-Aryl Substituted 3-Hydroxypyridine-4-Ones: Synthesis, Hemagglutination Inhibitory Properties, and Molecular Modeling. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 84:393-401. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Željka Car
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Horvatovac 102a HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Tomica Hrenar
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Horvatovac 102a HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Vesna Petrović Peroković
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Horvatovac 102a HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Rosana Ribić
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Horvatovac 102a HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Mateja Seničar
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Horvatovac 102a HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Srđanka Tomić
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Horvatovac 102a HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia
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118
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Vanwetswinkel S, Volkov AN, Sterckx YGJ, Garcia-Pino A, Buts L, Vranken WF, Bouckaert J, Roy R, Wyns L, van Nuland NAJ. Study of the structural and dynamic effects in the FimH adhesin upon α-d-heptyl mannose binding. J Med Chem 2014; 57:1416-27. [PMID: 24476493 DOI: 10.1021/jm401666c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli cause urinary tract infections by adhering to mannosylated receptors on the human urothelium via the carbohydrate-binding domain of the FimH adhesin (FimHL). Numerous α-d-mannopyranosides, including α-d-heptyl mannose (HM), inhibit this process by interacting with FimHL. To establish the molecular basis of the high-affinity HM binding, we solved the solution structure of the apo form and the crystal structure of the FimHL-HM complex. NMR relaxation analysis revealed that protein dynamics were not affected by the sugar binding, yet HM addition promoted protein dimerization, which was further confirmed by small-angle X-ray scattering. Finally, to address the role of Y48, part of the "tyrosine gate" believed to govern the affinity and specificity of mannoside binding, we characterized the FimHL Y48A mutant, whose conformational, dynamical, and HM binding properties were found to be very similar to those of the wild-type protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Vanwetswinkel
- Jean Jeener NMR Centre, Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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119
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Krachler AM, Orth K. Targeting the bacteria-host interface: strategies in anti-adhesion therapy. Virulence 2014; 4:284-94. [PMID: 23799663 PMCID: PMC3710331 DOI: 10.4161/viru.24606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and are increasingly problematic to treat due to the rise in antibiotic-resistant strains. It becomes more and more challenging to develop new antimicrobials that are able to withstand the ever-increasing repertoire of bacterial resistance mechanisms. This necessitates the development of alternative approaches to prevent and treat bacterial infections. One of the first steps during bacterial infection is adhesion of the pathogen to host cells. A pathogen’s ability to colonize and invade host tissues strictly depends on this process. Thus, interference with adhesion (anti-adhesion therapy) is an efficient way to prevent or treat bacterial infections. As a basis to present different strategies to interfere with pathogen adhesion, this review briefly introduces general concepts of bacterial attachment to host cells. We further discuss advantages and disadvantages of anti-adhesion treatments and issues that are in need of improvement so as to make anti-adhesion compounds a more broadly applicable alternative to conventional antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Krachler
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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120
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Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common of bacterial infections in humans. Although a number of Gram-negative bacteria can cause UTIs, most cases are due to infection by uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). Genomic studies have shown that UPEC encode a number of specialized activities that allow the bacteria to initiate and maintain infections in the environment of the urinary tract. Proteomic analyses have complemented the genomic data and have documented differential patterns of protein synthesis for bacteria growing ex vivo in human urine or recovered directly from the urinary tracts of infected mice. These studies provide valuable insights into the molecular basis of UPEC pathogenesis and have aided the identification of putative vaccine targets. Despite the substantial progress that has been achieved, many future challenges remain in the application of proteomics to provide a comprehensive view of bacterial pathogenesis in both acute and chronic UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Cash
- Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB32 6QX, Scotland
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121
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Pera NP, Pieters RJ. Towards bacterial adhesion-based therapeutics and detection methods. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00346a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion is an important first step towards bacterial infection and plays a role in colonization, invasion and biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Parera Pera
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Utrecht University
- 3508 TB Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Roland J. Pieters
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Utrecht University
- 3508 TB Utrecht
- The Netherlands
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122
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Titz A. Carbohydrate-Based Anti-Virulence Compounds Against Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections with a Focus on Small Molecules. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2014_44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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123
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Tomašić T, Rabbani S, Gobec M, Raščan IM, Podlipnik Č, Ernst B, Anderluh M. Branched α-d-mannopyranosides: a new class of potent FimH antagonists. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00093e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report branched α-d-mannopyranosides as potent FimH antagonists that exploit the previously unexplored lipophilic region formed by Phe142 and Ile13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihomir Tomašić
- University of Ljubljana
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- SI-1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Said Rabbani
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy
- Pharmacenter
- University of Basel
- CH-4056 Basel
- Switzerland
| | - Martina Gobec
- University of Ljubljana
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- SI-1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | | | - Črtomir Podlipnik
- University of Ljubljana
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
- SI-1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Beat Ernst
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy
- Pharmacenter
- University of Basel
- CH-4056 Basel
- Switzerland
| | - Marko Anderluh
- University of Ljubljana
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- SI-1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
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124
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Gouin SG, Roos G, Bouckaert J. Discovery and Application of FimH Antagonists. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2014_52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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125
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Bezençon J, Wittwer MB, Cutting B, Smieško M, Wagner B, Kansy M, Ernst B. pKa determination by ¹H NMR spectroscopy - an old methodology revisited. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 93:147-55. [PMID: 24462329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
pKa values of acids and protonated bases have an essential impact on organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and material and food sciences. In drug discovery and development, they are of utmost importance for the prediction of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. To date, various methods for the determination of pKa values are available, including UV-spectroscopic, potentiometric, and capillary electrophoretic techniques. An additional option is provided by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The underlying principle is the alteration of chemical shifts of NMR-active nuclei (e.g., (13)C and (1)H) depending on the protonation state of adjacent acidic or basic sites. When these chemical shifts are plotted against the pH, the inflection point of the resulting sigmoidal curve defines the pKa value. Although pKa determinations by (1)H NMR spectroscopy are reported for numerous cases, the potential of this approach is not yet fully evaluated. We therefore revisited this method with a diverse set of test compounds covering a broad range of pKa values (pKa 0.9-13.8) and made a comparison with four commonly used approaches. The methodology revealed excellent correlations (R(2)=0.99 and 0.97) with electropotentiometric and UV spectroscopic methods. Moreover, the comparison with in silico results (Epik and Marvin) also showed high correlations (R(2)=0.92 and 0.94), further confirming the reliability and utility of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Bezençon
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias B Wittwer
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brian Cutting
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Smieško
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bjoern Wagner
- Pharmaceuticals Division, Non-Clinical Safety, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Kansy
- Pharmaceuticals Division, Non-Clinical Safety, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beat Ernst
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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126
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Lo AWH, Van de Water K, Gane PJ, Chan AWE, Steadman D, Stevens K, Selwood DL, Waksman G, Remaut H. Suppression of type 1 pilus assembly in uropathogenic Escherichia coli by chemical inhibition of subunit polymerization. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 69:1017-26. [PMID: 24324225 PMCID: PMC3956373 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To identify and to characterize small-molecule inhibitors that target the subunit polymerization of the type 1 pilus assembly in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Methods Using an SDS–PAGE-based assay, in silico pre-filtered small-molecule compounds were screened for specific inhibitory activity against the critical subunit polymerization step of the chaperone–usher pathway during pilus biogenesis. The biological activity of one of the compounds was validated in assays monitoring UPEC type 1 pilus biogenesis, type 1 pilus-dependent biofilm formation and adherence to human bladder epithelial cells. The time dependence of the in vivo inhibitory activity and the overall effect of the compound on UPEC growth were determined. Results N-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-{5-[4-(pyrrolidine-1-sulfonyl)-phenyl]-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl sulfanyl}-acetamide (AL1) inhibited in vitro pilus subunit polymerization. In bacterial cultures, AL1 disrupted UPEC type 1 pilus biogenesis and pilus-dependent biofilm formation, and resulted in the reduction of bacterial adherence to human bladder epithelial cells, without affecting bacterial cell growth. Bacterial exposure to the inhibitor led to an almost instantaneous loss of type 1 pili. Conclusions We have identified and characterized a small molecule that interferes with the assembly of type 1 pili. The molecule targets the polymerization step during the subunit incorporation cycle of the chaperone–usher pathway. Our discovery provides new insight into the design and development of novel anti-virulence therapies targeting key virulence factors of bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin W H Lo
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, VIB Department of Structural Biology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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127
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Scharenberg M, Jiang X, Pang L, Navarra G, Rabbani S, Binder F, Schwardt O, Ernst B. Kinetic Properties of Carbohydrate-Lectin Interactions: FimH Antagonists. ChemMedChem 2013; 9:78-83. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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128
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Fessele C, Lindhorst TK. Effect of Aminophenyl and Aminothiahexyl α-D-Glycosides of the Manno-, Gluco-, and Galacto-Series on Type 1 Fimbriae-Mediated Adhesion of Escherichia coli. BIOLOGY 2013; 2:1135-49. [PMID: 24833058 PMCID: PMC3960877 DOI: 10.3390/biology2031135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion of bacteria to the glycosylated surface of their target cells is typically mediated by fimbrial lectins, exposed on the bacterial surface. Among the best-investigated and most important fimbriae are type 1 fimbriae, for which α-d-mannopyranoside-specificity has been described. This carbohydrate specificity is mediated by the type 1 fimbrial lectin FimH. In this account, we have employed four different set-ups to assay type 1 fimbriae-mediated bacterial adhesion, including tailor-made glycoarrays. The focus of our study was on testing FimH specificity with regard to the glycone part of a glycosidic ligand by testing a series of synthetic α-mannosides, as well as α-glucosides and α-galactosides. Unexpectedly, it was found that in solution all tested aminothiahexyl glycosides inhibit bacterial adhesion but that this effect is unspecific. Instead it is due to cytotoxicity of the respective glycosides at high mm concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fessele
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christiana Albertina University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 3-4, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Thisbe K Lindhorst
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christiana Albertina University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 3-4, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
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129
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Brument S, Sivignon A, Dumych TI, Moreau N, Roos G, Guérardel Y, Chalopin T, Deniaud D, Bilyy RO, Darfeuille-Michaud A, Bouckaert J, Gouin SG. Thiazolylaminomannosides As Potent Antiadhesives of Type 1 Piliated Escherichia coli Isolated from Crohn’s Disease Patients. J Med Chem 2013; 56:5395-406. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400723n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sami Brument
- LUNAM Université, CEISAM, Chimie
Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse,
Analyse, Modélisation, UMR CNRS 6230, UFR des Sciences et des
Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 NANTES
Cedex 3, France
| | - Adeline Sivignon
- Clermont Université, UMR 1071 Inserm/Université
d’Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand,
France
- INRA, Unité Sous Contrat 2018, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tetiana I. Dumych
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv,
Ukraine
| | - Nicolas Moreau
- LUNAM Université, CEISAM, Chimie
Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse,
Analyse, Modélisation, UMR CNRS 6230, UFR des Sciences et des
Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 NANTES
Cedex 3, France
| | - Goedele Roos
- Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yann Guérardel
- Unité de Glycobiologie
Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), UMR8576 du CNRS, Université Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq
Cedex, France
| | - Thibaut Chalopin
- LUNAM Université, CEISAM, Chimie
Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse,
Analyse, Modélisation, UMR CNRS 6230, UFR des Sciences et des
Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 NANTES
Cedex 3, France
| | - David Deniaud
- LUNAM Université, CEISAM, Chimie
Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse,
Analyse, Modélisation, UMR CNRS 6230, UFR des Sciences et des
Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 NANTES
Cedex 3, France
| | - Rostyslav O. Bilyy
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv,
Ukraine
| | - Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud
- Clermont Université, UMR 1071 Inserm/Université
d’Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand,
France
- INRA, Unité Sous Contrat 2018, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julie Bouckaert
- Unité de Glycobiologie
Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), UMR8576 du CNRS, Université Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq
Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien G. Gouin
- LUNAM Université, CEISAM, Chimie
Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse,
Analyse, Modélisation, UMR CNRS 6230, UFR des Sciences et des
Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 NANTES
Cedex 3, France
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130
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Barber AE, Norton JP, Spivak AM, Mulvey MA. Urinary tract infections: current and emerging management strategies. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 57:719-24. [PMID: 23645845 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cit284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute cystitis is one of the most commonly encountered bacterial infections and is responsible for substantial morbidity and high medical costs in the United States and across the globe. Though generally considered to be self-limiting and easily treated with antibiotics, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are often incompletely resolved by antibiotic therapy and frequently recur. This is in part due to the ability of uropathogenic bacteria to invade, replicate, and persist within host epithelial cells. The biological complexity of these infections combined with a dramatic rise in antibiotic-resistant pathogens highlight the need for alternative therapies. In this review we examine current management strategies for UTIs, as well as emerging treatments, including novel compounds that block bacterial interactions with the urothelium and vaccines focused on preventing both acute and recurrent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia E Barber
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 N Medical Dr E, #2100, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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131
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Bouckaert J, Li Z, Xavier C, Almant M, Caveliers V, Lahoutte T, Weeks SD, Kovensky J, Gouin SG. Heptyl α-D-Mannosides Grafted on a β-Cyclodextrin Core To Interfere withEscherichia coliAdhesion: An In Vivo Multivalent Effect. Chemistry 2013; 19:7847-55. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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132
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Kostakioti M, Hadjifrangiskou M, Hultgren SJ. Bacterial biofilms: development, dispersal, and therapeutic strategies in the dawn of the postantibiotic era. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2013; 3:a010306. [PMID: 23545571 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a010306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation constitutes an alternative lifestyle in which microorganisms adopt a multicellular behavior that facilitates and/or prolongs survival in diverse environmental niches. Biofilms form on biotic and abiotic surfaces both in the environment and in the healthcare setting. In hospital wards, the formation of biofilms on vents and medical equipment enables pathogens to persist as reservoirs that can readily spread to patients. Inside the host, biofilms allow pathogens to subvert innate immune defenses and are thus associated with long-term persistence. Here we provide a general review of the steps leading to biofilm formation on surfaces and within eukaryotic cells, highlighting several medically important pathogens, and discuss recent advances on novel strategies aimed at biofilm prevention and/or dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kostakioti
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1010, USA
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133
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Lo AW, Moonens K, Remaut H. Chemical attenuation of pilus function and assembly in Gram-negative bacteria. Curr Opin Microbiol 2013; 16:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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134
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Eid S, Zalewski A, Smieško M, Ernst B, Vedani A. A molecular-modeling toolbox aimed at bridging the gap between medicinal chemistry and computational sciences. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:684-700. [PMID: 23344039 PMCID: PMC3565289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14010684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current era of high-throughput drug discovery and development, molecular modeling has become an indispensable tool for identifying, optimizing and prioritizing small-molecule drug candidates. The required background in computational chemistry and the knowledge of how to handle the complex underlying protocols, however, might keep medicinal chemists from routinely using in silico technologies. Our objective is to encourage those researchers to exploit existing modeling technologies more frequently through easy-to-use graphical user interfaces. In this account, we present two innovative tools (which we are prepared to share with academic institutions) facilitating computational tasks commonly utilized in drug discovery and development: (1) the VirtualDesignLab estimates the binding affinity of small molecules by simulating and quantifying their binding to the three-dimensional structure of a target protein; and (2) the MD Client launches molecular dynamics simulations aimed at exploring the time-dependent stability of ligand–protein complexes and provides residue-based interaction energies. This allows medicinal chemists to identify sites of potential improvement in their candidate molecule. As a case study, we present the application of our tools towards the design of novel antagonists for the FimH adhesin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Eid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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135
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Scharenberg M, Schwardt O, Rabbani S, Ernst B. Target Selectivity of FimH Antagonists. J Med Chem 2012; 55:9810-6. [PMID: 23088608 DOI: 10.1021/jm3010338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mannose-based FimH antagonists are considered new therapeutics for the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs). They prevent the adhesion of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) to urothelial cell surfaces triggered by the lectin FimH, which is located at the tip of bacterial type 1 pili. Because all reported FimH antagonists are α-d-mannosides, they are also potential ligands of mannose receptors of the human host system. We therefore investigated the selectivity range of five FimH antagonists belonging to different compound families by comparing their affinities for FimH and eight human mannose receptors. On the basis of the detected selectivity range of approximately 5 orders of magnitude, no adverse side effects resulting from nonselective binding to the human receptors have to be expected. FimH antagonists can therefore be further considered as potential therapeutics for the treatment of UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Scharenberg
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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136
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Hannan TJ, Totsika M, Mansfield KJ, Moore KH, Schembri MA, Hultgren SJ. Host-pathogen checkpoints and population bottlenecks in persistent and intracellular uropathogenic Escherichia coli bladder infection. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2012; 36:616-48. [PMID: 22404313 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00339.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder infections affect millions of people yearly, and recurrent symptomatic infections (cystitis) are very common. The rapid increase in infections caused by multidrug-resistant uropathogens threatens to make recurrent cystitis an increasingly troubling public health concern. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) cause the vast majority of bladder infections. Upon entry into the lower urinary tract, UPEC face obstacles to colonization that constitute population bottlenecks, reducing diversity, and selecting for fit clones. A critical mucosal barrier to bladder infection is the epithelium (urothelium). UPEC bypass this barrier when they invade urothelial cells and form intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs), a process which requires type 1 pili. IBCs are transient in nature, occurring primarily during acute infection. Chronic bladder infection is common and can be either latent, in the form of the quiescent intracellular reservoir (QIR), or active, in the form of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB/ABU) or chronic cystitis. In mice, the fate of bladder infection, QIR, ASB, or chronic cystitis, is determined within the first 24 h of infection and constitutes a putative host-pathogen mucosal checkpoint that contributes to susceptibility to recurrent cystitis. Knowledge of these checkpoints and bottlenecks is critical for our understanding of bladder infection and efforts to devise novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Hannan
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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137
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Machado VS, Bicalho MLS, Pereira RV, Caixeta LS, Bittar JHJ, Oikonomou G, Gilbert RO, Bicalho RC. The effect of intrauterine administration of mannose or bacteriophage on uterine health and fertility of dairy cows with special focus on Escherichia coli and Arcanobacterium pyogenes. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:3100-9. [PMID: 22612946 PMCID: PMC11005055 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-5063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of intrauterine administration of 50 g of ultrapure mannose or a bacteriophage cocktail and the presence of Escherichia coli and Arcanobacterium pyogenes in the uterine lumen on uterine health and reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows. The study was conducted on a commercial dairy farm located near Ithaca, New York, from May 4 to January 20, 2011, and 597 cows were enrolled. The cows were divided randomly into 3 treatment groups, and treatments were administered at 2 ± 1 d in milk (DIM). Treatment 1 consisted of intrauterine administration of 50 g of ultrapure mannose powder divided in 4 pills; treatment 2 consisted of intrauterine administration of a bacteriophage cocktail that included 4 different phages in one pill, with a dose of approximately 10⁷ plaque-forming units; and treatment 3 consisted of intrauterine administration of one empty pill (control). Intrauterine fluid swabs were collected on day of treatment and at 10 ± 3 DIM; uterine lavage samples were collected at 35 ± 3 DIM. Swabs and uterine lavage samples were cultured for E. coli and A. pyogenes. The intrauterine administration of mannose and bacteriophage did not affect uterine health, reproduction performance, or outcome of intrauterine secretion cultures for E. coli and A. pyogenes. Prevalence of intrauterine E. coli at 2 ± 1 DIM and A. pyogenes at 2 ± 1, 10 ± 3, and 35 ± 3 were affected by retained placenta. Additionally, prevalence of intrauterine E. coli at 10 ± 3 and A. pyogenes at 35 ± 3 DIM were associated with metritis, and cows that were diagnosed with clinical endometritis at 35 ± 3 DIM had greater prevalence of intrauterine E. coli at 2 ± 1 DIM and A. pyogenes at 35 ± 3 DIM. Furthermore, cows positive for E. coli at 2 ± 1 and 10 ± 3 DIM and for A. pyogenes at 10 ± 3 DIM had 1.63, 2.34, and 1.54 increased odds of having metritis. Cows positive for A. pyogenes at 35 ± 3 DIM and for E. coli at 2 ± 1 DIM had 19.8 and 2.66 higher odds of being diagnosed with clinical endometritis, respectively. Additionally, cows negative for E. coli at 2 ± 1 DIM were 1.39 times more likely to conceive than cows positive cows for E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. S. Machado
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - M. L. S. Bicalho
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - R. V. Pereira
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - L. S. Caixeta
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - J. H. J. Bittar
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - G. Oikonomou
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - R. O. Gilbert
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - R. C. Bicalho
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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138
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Pang L, Kleeb S, Lemme K, Rabbani S, Scharenberg M, Zalewski A, Schädler F, Schwardt O, Ernst B. FimH antagonists: structure-activity and structure-property relationships for biphenyl α-D-mannopyranosides. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:1404-22. [PMID: 22644941 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused primarily by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), which encode filamentous surface-adhesive organelles called type 1 pili. FimH is located at the tips of these pili. The initial attachment of UPEC to host cells is mediated by the interaction of the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of FimH with oligomannosides on urothelial cells. Blocking these lectins with carbohydrates or analogues thereof prevents bacterial adhesion to host cells and therefore offers a potential therapeutic approach for prevention and/or treatment of UTIs. Although numerous FimH antagonists have been developed so far, few of them meet the requirement for clinical application due to poor pharmacokinetics. Additionally, the binding mode of an antagonist to the CRD of FimH can switch from an in-docking mode to an out-docking mode, depending on the structure of the antagonist. In this communication, biphenyl α-D-mannosides were modified to improve their binding affinity, to explore their binding mode, and to optimize their pharmacokinetic properties. The inhibitory potential of the FimH antagonists was measured in a cell-free competitive binding assay, a cell-based flow cytometry assay, and by isothermal titration calorimetry. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic properties such as log D, solubility, and membrane permeation were analyzed. As a result, a structure-activity and structure-property relationships were established for a series of biphenyl α-D-mannosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Pang
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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139
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Jiang X, Abgottspon D, Kleeb S, Rabbani S, Scharenberg M, Wittwer M, Haug M, Schwardt O, Ernst B. Antiadhesion Therapy for Urinary Tract Infections—A Balanced PK/PD Profile Proved To Be Key for Success. J Med Chem 2012; 55:4700-13. [DOI: 10.1021/jm300192x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Jiang
- Institute
of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Abgottspon
- Institute
of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Kleeb
- Institute
of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Said Rabbani
- Institute
of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Meike Scharenberg
- Institute
of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Wittwer
- Institute
of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martina Haug
- Institute
of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Schwardt
- Institute
of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beat Ernst
- Institute
of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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140
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Han Z, Pinkner JS, Ford B, Chorell E, Crowley JM, Cusumano CK, Campbell S, Henderson JP, Hultgren SJ, Janetka JW. Lead optimization studies on FimH antagonists: discovery of potent and orally bioavailable ortho-substituted biphenyl mannosides. J Med Chem 2012; 55:3945-59. [PMID: 22449031 DOI: 10.1021/jm300165m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the X-ray structure-based design and optimization of biaryl mannoside FimH inhibitors. Diverse modifications to the biaryl ring to improve druglike physical and pharmacokinetic properties of mannosides were assessed for FimH binding affinity based on their effects on hemagglutination and biofilm formation along with direct FimH binding assays. Substitution on the mannoside phenyl ring ortho to the glycosidic bond results in large potency enhancements several-fold higher than those of corresponding unsubstituted matched pairs and can be rationalized from increased hydrophobic interactions with the FimH hydrophobic ridge (Ile13) or "tyrosine gate" (Tyr137 and Tyr48) also lined by Ile52. The lead mannosides have increased metabolic stability and oral bioavailability as determined from in vitro PAMPA predictive model of cellular permeability and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in mice, thereby representing advanced preclinical candidates with promising potential as novel therapeutics for the clinical treatment and prevention of recurring urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfu Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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141
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Hartmann M, Papavlassopoulos H, Chandrasekaran V, Grabosch C, Beiroth F, Lindhorst TK, Röhl C. Inhibition of bacterial adhesion to live human cells: Activity and cytotoxicity of synthetic mannosides. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:1459-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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142
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Cusumano CK, Pinkner JS, Han Z, Greene SE, Ford BA, Crowley JR, Henderson JP, Janetka JW, Hultgren SJ. Treatment and prevention of urinary tract infection with orally active FimH inhibitors. Sci Transl Med 2012; 3:109ra115. [PMID: 22089451 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic and recurrent urinary tract infections pose a serious medical problem because there are few effective treatment options. Patients with chronic urinary tract infections are commonly treated with long-term prophylactic antibiotics that promote the development of antibiotic-resistant forms of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), further complicating treatment. We developed small-molecular weight compounds termed mannosides that specifically inhibit the FimH type 1 pilus lectin of UPEC, which mediates bacterial colonization, invasion, and formation of recalcitrant intracellular bacterial communities in the bladder epithelium. Here, we optimized these compounds for oral bioavailability and demonstrated their fast-acting efficacy in treating chronic urinary tract infections in a preclinical murine model. These compounds also prevented infection in vivo when given prophylactically and strongly potentiated the activity of the current standard of care therapy, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, against clinically resistant PBC-1 UPEC bacteria. These compounds have therapeutic efficacy after oral administration for the treatment of established urinary tract infections in vivo. Their unique mechanism of action-targeting the pilus tip adhesin FimH-circumvents the conventional requirement for drug penetration of the outer membrane, minimizing the potential for the development of resistance. The small-molecular weight compounds described herein promise to provide substantial benefit to women suffering from chronic and recurrent urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne K Cusumano
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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143
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Rendueles O, Ghigo JM. Multi-species biofilms: how to avoid unfriendly neighbors. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2012; 36:972-89. [PMID: 22273363 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00328.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 12/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-species biofilm communities are environments in which complex but ill understood exchanges between bacteria occur. Although monospecies cultures are still widely used in the laboratory, new approaches have been undertaken to study interspecies interactions within mixed communities. This review describes our current understanding of competitive relationships involving nonbiocidal biosurfactants, enzymes, and metabolites produced by bacteria and other microorganisms. These molecules target all steps of biofilm formation, ranging from inhibition of initial adhesion to matrix degradation, jamming of cell-cell communications, and induction of biofilm dispersion. This review presents available data on nonbiocidal molecules and provides a new perspective on competitive interactions within biofilms that could lead to antibiofilm strategies of potential biomedical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaya Rendueles
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique des Biofilms, Paris, France
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144
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Holzgrabe U. [Not Available]. PHARMAZIE IN UNSERER ZEIT 2012; 41:108-109. [PMID: 24523077 DOI: 10.1002/pauz.201290023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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145
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Papadopoulos A, Shiao TC, Roy R. Diazo transfer and click chemistry in the solid phase syntheses of lysine-based glycodendrimers as antagonists against Escherichia coli FimH. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:394-403. [PMID: 22201286 DOI: 10.1021/mp200490b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli infections, ultimately leading to cystitis and pyelonephritis, are initially mediated by the adhesion of the bacterial FimH to the transmembrane glycoprotein uroplakin-1a present at the surface of urothelial cells. The adhesion is based on the recognition and high avidity binding between the high-mannose glycans of the uroplakin and the FimH, a mannose-specific lectin located at the tip of type 1 fimbriae. We found that synthetic multiantennary mannopyranosides glycodendrons, harboring triazole functionality at the anomeric position, were potent hemagglutination inhibitors of guinea pig erythrocytes and E. coli. A mannosylated dendrimer exposing up to sixteen sugar residues showed an HAI titer of 1 μM and was thus 500-fold more potent than the corresponding monovalent methyl α-d-mannopyranoside. The synthesis of the glycodendrons involved highly efficient solid-phase synthesis of branched l-lysine scaffolds, diazo transfer reaction on the terminal amine residues, and 1,3-dipolar copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition using propargyl α-d-mannopyranoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Papadopoulos
- PharmaQAM, Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, PO Box 8888, Succ Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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146
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Identification of Escherichia coli genes associated with urinary tract infections. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 50:449-56. [PMID: 22075599 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00640-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs). E. coli genes epidemiologically associated with UTIs are potentially valuable in developing strategies for treating and/or preventing such infections as well as differentiating uropathogenic E. coli from nonuropathogenic E. coli. To identify E. coli genes associated with UTIs in humans, we combined microarray-based and PCR-based analyses to investigate different E. coli source groups derived from feces of healthy humans and from patients with cystitis, pyelonephritis, or urosepsis. The cjrABC-senB gene cluster, sivH, sisA, sisB, eco274, and fbpB, were identified to be associated with UTIs. Of these, cjrABC-senB, sisA, sisB, and fbpB are known to be involved in urovirulence in the mouse model of ascending UTI. Our results provide evidence to support their roles as urovirulence factors in human UTIs. In addition, the newly identified UTI-associated genes were mainly found in members of phylogenetic groups B2 and/or D.
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147
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Schwardt O, Rabbani S, Hartmann M, Abgottspon D, Wittwer M, Kleeb S, Zalewski A, Smieško M, Cutting B, Ernst B. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of mannosyl triazoles as FimH antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:6454-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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148
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Scharenberg M, Abgottspon D, Cicek E, Jiang X, Schwardt O, Rabbani S, Ernst B. A Flow Cytometry-Based Assay for Screening FimH Antagonists. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2011; 9:455-64. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2010.0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meike Scharenberg
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Abgottspon
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Evelin Cicek
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Schwardt
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Said Rabbani
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beat Ernst
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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149
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Johnson MA, Winquist RJ. Island biogeography effects on microbial evolution may contribute to Crohn's disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:1801-6. [PMID: 21820421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as Crohn's disease (CD), involve a poorly understood and complex immune response to both the biota of the human gut and the gut itself. The role of the gut biota in human health has been ill defined and attitudes toward the intestinal flora have ranged from judging them largely irrelevant to declaring them a human organ system. A better way to view the intestinal flora is as a group of evolutionarily self-interested species that form large, potentially interbreeding populations that utilize human beings as a series of semi-isolated habitats, like islands in an archipelago. Here we propose that the imposition of modern sanitation and hygiene standards has drastically attenuated the connection between the "islands" inhabited by the gut flora, and that existing work drawn from evolutionary biology studies of island ecosystems, rather than medicine, predicts that the evolution of gut flora should now be pushed toward limited-dispersion forms of intestinal microorganisms - a proposition borne out by the discovery of so-called "adherent invasive Escherichia coli." This pathogenic variant of the gut bacterium E. coli clings to and invades the intestinal epithelium and has been implicated in CD. Gut flora and diseases of the gut should arguably be studied as ecology as much as medicine, and treated within this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mac A Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
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150
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Hartmann M, Lindhorst TK. The Bacterial Lectin FimH, a Target for Drug Discovery – Carbohydrate Inhibitors of Type 1 Fimbriae‐Mediated Bacterial Adhesion. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirja Hartmann
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christiana Albertina University of Kiel Otto‐Hahn‐Platz 3/4, 24098 Kiel, Germany, Fax: +49‐431‐880‐7410
| | - Thisbe K. Lindhorst
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christiana Albertina University of Kiel Otto‐Hahn‐Platz 3/4, 24098 Kiel, Germany, Fax: +49‐431‐880‐7410
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