101
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Singh N, Chen Z, Tomer N, Wickramasinghe SR, Soice N, Husson SM. Modification of regenerated cellulose ultrafiltration membranes by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. J Memb Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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102
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Bosker WTE, Patzsch K, Stuart MAC, Norde W. Sweet brushes and dirty proteins. SOFT MATTER 2007; 3:754-762. [PMID: 32900139 DOI: 10.1039/b618259c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We studied the protein repellency of dextran brushes. Dextran was grafted to a polystyrene surface in a broad range of grafting densities using polystyrene-dextran block copolymers and the Langmuir-Blodgett deposition technique. Ellipsometry measurements confirmed a successful transfer of the dextran brush from the air-water interface to the polystyrene surface. Water contact-angle measurements validated the presence of the dextran layer at the surface. At grafting densities <0.20 nm, a heterogeneous dextran coating is detected with tapping mode AFM, consisting of aggregates of polystyrene-dextran and relatively large interstitial areas without dextran chains. This is probably due to surface micellization of the block copolymer in the Langmuir-Blodgett procedure. At grafting densities ≥0.20 nm, a homogeneous dextran brush is observed. Adsorption studies of BSA and trypsin, using optical reflectometry, showed that adsorbed amounts at the heterogeneous coating (<0.20 nm) is only slightly lower, if at all, than at the bare polystyrene surface. Beyond 0.20 nm, a drastic decrease in adsorbed amount was observed, due to excluded volume interactions between the protein and the homogeneous dextran brush. Almost complete protein repellency could be reached at high grafting densities. Comparison with adsorption studies of PEO brushes indicated that dextran brushes do not outperform PEO brushes in suppressing protein adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter T E Bosker
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Patzsch
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands and Downstream Processing, Institute for Bioengineering, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 22, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Martien A Cohen Stuart
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Norde
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
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103
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Synthesis, reactivity, and pH-responsive assembly of new double hydrophilic block copolymers of carboxymethyldextran and poly(ethylene glycol). POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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104
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Wooster TJ, Augustin MA. β-Lactoglobulin–dextran Maillard conjugates: Their effect on interfacial thickness and emulsion stability. J Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 303:564-72. [PMID: 16934822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2006] [Revised: 07/24/2006] [Accepted: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The influence of dextran molecular weight on the steric layer thickness and oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion flocculation stability of beta-lactoglobulin-dextran Maillard conjugates was investigated. Maillard conjugates were formed by reacting beta-lactoglobulin with various molecular weight dextrans (Mw = 18.5-440 kDa) under mild conditions (60 degrees C, 76% RH). Purified Maillard conjugates or beta-lactoglobulin were adsorbed onto latex spheres and the thickness of the adsorbed layer measured using photon correlation spectroscopy. The adsorbed layer thickness was 3 nm for beta-lactoglobulin alone. Attachment of dextran increased adsorbed layer thickness to 5 nm for the conjugate with low molecular weight dextran (Mw = 18.5 kDa) and 20 nm for that with high molecular weight dextran (Mw = 440 kDa). Enzymatic digestion of the adsorbed layers with dextranase reduced the layer to a thickness corresponding to that of beta-lactoglobulin alone. This suggests that the protein segment of the Maillard conjugate anchors the emulsifier to the interface. Attachment of dextran, irrespective of its molecular weight (18.5-440 kDa), increased the stability of emulsions against calcium induced flocculation, demonstrating that a low molecular weight dextran is sufficient for imparting high steric stability. The observation that the steric layer size was controlled by the dextran molecular weight, suggests that the results of layer thickness and emulsion stability should be universal across all globular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim J Wooster
- Food Science Australia (CSIRO), Sneydes Road, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia.
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105
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Fulop T, Smith C. Physiological stimulation regulates the exocytic mode through calcium activation of protein kinase C in mouse chromaffin cells. Biochem J 2006; 399:111-9. [PMID: 16784416 PMCID: PMC1570168 DOI: 10.1042/bj20060654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Adrenal medullary chromaffin cells release catecholamines and neuropeptides in an activity-dependent manner controlled by the sympathetic nervous system. Under basal sympathetic tone, catecholamines are preferentially secreted. During acute stress, increased sympathetic firing evokes release of both catecholamines as well as neuropeptides. Both signalling molecules are co-packaged in the same large dense core granules, thus release of neuropeptide transmitters must be regulated after granule fusion with the cell surface. Previous work has indicated this may be achieved through a size-exclusion mechanism whereby, under basal sympathetic firing, the catecholamines are selectively released through a restricted fusion pore, while less-soluble neuropeptides are left behind in the dense core. Only under the elevated firing experienced during the sympathetic stress response do the granules fully collapse to expel catecholamines and neuropeptides. However, mechanistic description and physiological regulation of this process remain to be determined. We employ electrochemical amperometry, fluid-phase dye uptake and electrophysiological capacitance noise analysis to probe the fusion intermediate in mouse chromaffin cells under physiological electrical stimulation. We show that basal firing rates result in the selective release of catecholamines through an Omega-form 'kiss and run' fusion event characterized by a narrow fusion pore. Increased firing raises calcium levels and activates protein kinase C, which then promotes fusion pore dilation until full granule collapse occurs. Our results demonstrate that the transition between 'kiss and run' and 'full collapse' exocytosis serves a vital physiological regulation in neuroendocrine chromaffin cells and help effect a proper acute stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiberiu Fulop
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, U.S.A
| | - Corey Smith
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, U.S.A
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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106
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Kishimoto T, Kimura R, Liu TT, Nemoto T, Takahashi N, Kasai H. Vacuolar sequential exocytosis of large dense-core vesicles in adrenal medulla. EMBO J 2006; 25:673-82. [PMID: 16467850 PMCID: PMC1383564 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2005] [Accepted: 01/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual exocytic events in intact adrenal medulla were visualized by two-photon extracellular polar-tracer imaging. Exocytosis of chromaffin vesicles often occurred in a sequential manner, involving first vesicles located at the cell periphery and then those present deeper within the cytoplasm. Sequential exocytosis occurred preferentially at regions of the plasma membrane facing the intercellular space. The compound vesicles swelled to more than five times their original volume and formed vacuolar exocytic lumens as a result of expansion of intravesicular gels and their confinement within the lumen by the fusion pore and the narrow intercellular space. Such luminal swelling greatly promoted sequential exocytosis. The SNARE protein SNAP25 rapidly migrated from the plasma membrane to the membrane of fused vesicles. These data indicate that vesicles present deeper within the cytoplasm can be fusion ready like those at the cell periphery, and that swelling of exocytic lumens promotes assembly of the fusion machinery. We suggest the existence of two molecular configurations for fusion-ready states in Ca2+ -dependent exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kishimoto
- Division of Biophysics, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, and Graduate University of Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Kimura
- Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, and Graduate University of Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Division of Biophysics, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
- Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tomomi Nemoto
- Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, and Graduate University of Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Noriko Takahashi
- Division of Biophysics, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, and Graduate University of Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Haruo Kasai
- Division of Biophysics, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, and Graduate University of Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
- Division of Biophysics, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Tel.: +81 3 5841 1439; Fax: +81 3 5841 1442; E-mail:
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107
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Liu TT, Kishimoto T, Hatakeyama H, Nemoto T, Takahashi N, Kasai H. Exocytosis and endocytosis of small vesicles in PC12 cells studied with TEPIQ (two-photon extracellular polar-tracer imaging-based quantification) analysis. J Physiol 2005; 568:917-29. [PMID: 16150796 PMCID: PMC1464175 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2005.094011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2005] [Accepted: 09/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated exocytosis of PC12 cells using two-photon excitation imaging and extracellular polar tracers (TEP imaging) in the lateral membranes not facing the glass-cover slip. Upon photolysis of a caged Ca2+ compound, TEP imaging with FM1-43 (a polar membrane tracer) detected massive exocytosis of vesicles with a time constant of about 1 s. TEPIQ (two-photon extracellular polar-tracer imaging-based quantification) analysis revealed that the diameter of vesicles was small (55 nm). Extensive exocytosis of small vesicles (SVs) was shown to be mediated by the transient opening of a fusion pore with a diameter less than about 1.6 nm, and to be followed by direct ('kiss-and-run') endocytosis and translocation of the endocytic vesicles (EVs) deep into the cytoplasm. These processes were unaffected by GTP-gamma-S. In contrast, constitutive endocytic vesicles exhibited a diameter of 90 nm, took up molecules with a diameter of > 12 nm, and their formation was blocked by GTP-gamma-S. Electron-microscopic investigation with photoconversion of diaminobenzidine using FM1-43 confirmed an abundance of EVs with a diameter of 54 nm in stimulated cells. They rapidly translocated into the cytosol, and fused with endosomal organelles. The number of SV exocytosis events vastly exceeded the number of SVs morphologically docked at the plasma membrane. Simultaneous capacitance and FM1-43 measurements indicated that TEP imaging detected most SV exocytosis, and the fusion pore was closed within 2 s. Thus, we have, for the first time, directly visualized massive exocytosis of small vesicles in a non-synaptic preparation, and have revealed their fusion-pore mediated exocytosis and endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Liu
- Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
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108
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Icoz DZ, Moraru CI, Kokini JL. Polymer–polymer interactions in dextran systems using thermal analysis. Carbohydr Polym 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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109
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Rotureau E, Chassenieux C, Dellacherie E, Durand A. Neutral Polymeric Surfactants Derived from Dextran: A Study of Their Aqueous Solution Behavior. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200500252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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110
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Snoussi K, Halle B. Protein self-association induced by macromolecular crowding: a quantitative analysis by magnetic relaxation dispersion. Biophys J 2005; 88:2855-66. [PMID: 15665132 PMCID: PMC1305380 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.104.055871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2004] [Accepted: 12/28/2004] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the presence of high concentrations of inert macromolecules, the self-association of proteins is strongly enhanced through an entropic, excluded-volume effect variously called macromolecular crowding or depletion attraction. Despite the predicted large magnitude of this universal effect and its far-reaching biological implications, few experimental studies of macromolecular crowding have been reported. Here, we introduce a powerful new technique, fast field-cycling magnetic relaxation dispersion, for investigating crowding effects on protein self-association equilibria. By recording the solvent proton spin relaxation rate over a wide range of magnetic field strengths, we determine the populations of coexisting monomers and decamers of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor in the presence of dextran up to a macromolecular volume fraction of 27%. Already at a dextran volume fraction of 14%, we find a 30-fold increase of the decamer population and 510(5)-fold increase of the association constant. The analysis of these results, in terms of a statistical-mechanical model that incorporates polymer flexibility as well as the excluded volume of the protein, shows that the dramatic enhancement of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor self-association can be quantitatively rationalized in terms of hard repulsive interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Snoussi
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.
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111
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Ducel V, Saulnier P, Richard J, Boury F. Plant protein-polysaccharide interactions in solutions: application of soft particle analysis and light scattering measurements. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2005; 41:95-102. [PMID: 15737533 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2004.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2004] [Accepted: 10/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The soft particle analysis theory was applied to plant proteins and polysaccharides in solution, to determine the charge density of these polymers and the depth of the layer accessible by counterions according to pH conditions. In addition to the macromolecule shape characterized by light scattering measurements, these properties are also correlated with the optimum coacervation condition, so as to establish the prevalent plant protein-polysaccharide interactions governing the coacervate formation. Globulin was found to be highly charged and spherically shaped. The best coacervation condition was obtained at the pH value, which corresponds to the protein conformation with a dense and compact accessible layer. On the contrary, for the alpha gliadin, bearing a lower charge, a more extended conformation seems to be more favourable. For the plant proteins studied, the coacervation seems to be controlled by the structure of the counter polyanion used: from our model, it turns out that the rod-like structure of arabic gum observed at acidic pH allows the interaction with plant proteins to form coacervates, contrary to the highly charged and spherical structure of alginate.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ducel
- INSERM unité 646, Ingéniérie de la Vectorisation Particulaire, 10 rue A. Boquel, 49100 Angers, France
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112
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Mei E, Sharonov A, Gao F, Ferris JH, Hochstrasser RM. Anomalously Slow Diffusion of Single Molecules near a Patterned Surface. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0482161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erwen Mei
- Departments of Chemistry and of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Alexey Sharonov
- Departments of Chemistry and of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Feng Gao
- Departments of Chemistry and of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - James H. Ferris
- Departments of Chemistry and of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Robin M. Hochstrasser
- Departments of Chemistry and of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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113
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Tiziani S, Sussich F, Cesàro A. The kinetics of periodate oxidation of carbohydrates 2. Polymeric substrates. Carbohydr Res 2003; 338:1083-95. [PMID: 12706974 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(03)00082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A study of the kinetics of periodate oxidation on a series of dextran oligomers and polymers is carried out by isothermal microcalorimetry. In addition to these substrates, some dimeric carbohydrates and hyaluronan were studied. Rate constants were calculated from the calorimetric decay curves, which, properly corrected for calorimetric response, are proportional to the rate of periodate conversion. The dependence of the kinetic rates on the molecular weight of dextran samples and on the substrate concentration, is described in terms of the much higher rates of terminal reducing units. The presence of two sites with comparable reaction rates makes the analysis of the calorimetric curves difficult, even in the simple overall pseudo-first-order condition. The suitability of a phenomenological treatment of kinetic data is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Tiziani
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Macromolecular Chemistry, Laboratory of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry and INSTM, UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Via Giorgeri 1, Italy
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114
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Lederer A, Voigt D, Clausnitzer C, Voit B. Structure characterization of hyperbranched poly(ether amide)s. I. Preparative fractionation. J Chromatogr A 2002; 976:171-9. [PMID: 12462608 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The focus of our investigation lies on the separation of typically broadly distributed hyperbranched poly(ether amide)s into narrow fractions of various molar masses. Their exact molar mass found via size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) with light uttering detection allows us to use these fractions for sample specific calibration in the SEC investigation of other hyperbranched samples. The analysis of the degree of branching, molar mass and viscosity behavior of the fractions gives a first indication about their molecular shape and the contribution of that shape to the overall viscosity. We determined the Mark-Houwink exponent for a hyperbranched sample using a number of narrow fractions which showed that an increase of molar mass leads to an increased molecular density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albena Lederer
- Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
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115
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Wilhelm E, Aberle T, Burchard W, Landers R. Peculiarities of aqueous amaranth starch suspensions. Biomacromolecules 2002; 3:17-26. [PMID: 11790134 DOI: 10.1021/bm000138+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Among the starches the granules from amaranth starch (a. hypochondriacus, amylopectin type) are singular because of their extremely small size of 1-3 microm and high uniformity. However, large spherical particles of 30-80 microm in diameter were observed from spray-dried amaranth starch by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) which exhibited a characteristic fine structure. After the mixture was stirred in cold water, the large particles disintegrate into small ones of 1-3 microm diameter. The particles from the stirred suspension were characterized by static and dynamic light scattering and viscometry. Almost the same diameters were found by the three techniques which were 1.76 times larger than those for the dry starch particles investigated by ESEM. The difference in size is explained by reversible uptake of water. A molar mass of M(w,granule) = 177 x 10(9) g/mol was measured for the granular particle. After dissolution in 0.5 N sodium hydroxide a molar mass M(w,amylopectin) = 104 x 10(6) g/mol of the amylopectin was obtained that agreed satisfactorily with that of waxy maize. Thus the granule consists on average of 1700 amylopectin molecules. Furthermore, rheological measurements were carried out with aqueous suspensions at room temperature. A shear gradient dependence was found for concentrations higher than 6% (w/v) of granules. At c > 19% reversible gel formation was observed with G'(omega) > G"(omega) and a plateau over 2 decades. The zero shear viscosity as a function of c[eta] shows behavior similar to glycogen and to latex particles. The granules, however, differ from common latex particles because of their capability to gel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eckart Wilhelm
- Federal Center for Cereal, Potato and Lipid Reseasrch, Institute for Cereal, Potato and Starch Technology, 32756 Detmold, Germany
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116
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White JA, Deen WM. Effects of Solute Concentration on Equilibrium Partitioning of Flexible Macromolecules in Fibrous Membranes and Gels. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0022046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. White
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Division of Bioengineering and Environmental Health, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - William M. Deen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Division of Bioengineering and Environmental Health, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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117
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Ioan CE, Aberle T, Burchard W. Structure Properties of Dextran. 3. Shrinking Factors of Individual Clusters. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma000479f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catalina E. Ioan
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; and “P.Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 6600 Iasi, Romania
| | - Thomas Aberle
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; and “P.Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 6600 Iasi, Romania
| | - Walther Burchard
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; and “P.Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 6600 Iasi, Romania
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118
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Ioan CE, Aberle T, Burchard W. Light Scattering and Viscosity Behavior of Dextran in Semidilute Solution. Macromolecules 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ma992060z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catalina E. Ioan
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; and “P. Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 6600 Iasi, Romania
| | - Thomas Aberle
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; and “P. Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 6600 Iasi, Romania
| | - Walther Burchard
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; and “P. Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 6600 Iasi, Romania
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