101
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Solid dispersions to enhance the delivery of a potential drug candidate LPSF/FZ4 for the treatment of schistosomiasis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 115:270-285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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102
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Metre S, Mukesh S, Samal SK, Chand M, Sangamwar AT. Enhanced Biopharmaceutical Performance of Rivaroxaban through Polymeric Amorphous Solid Dispersion. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:652-668. [PMID: 29287144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rivaroxaban (RXB) is an orally active direct inhibitor of the activated serine protease Factor Xa, given as monotherapy in the treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE). It has been characterized in vitro as a substrate for the active, nonsaturable efflux via P-gp transporter, limiting its high permeability. Therefore, the role of P-gp inhibiting polymers in enhancing the biopharmaceutical performance of RXB by preparing polymeric amorphous solid dispersion and subsequent improvement in solubility and permeability was investigated. Initially, solubility parameter and Flory-Huggins interaction parameter were determined for miscibility studies between drug and polymers. Binary dispersions were prepared by dissolving drug with polymers eudragit S100, eudragit L100, and soluplus in common solvent (5% v/v water in tetrahydrofuran) using spray dryer. Prepared binary dispersions were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), microscopy, powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic vapor sorption (DVS), and solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Superior performance of binary dispersions was observed upon dissolution and solubility studies over micronized active pharmaceutical ingredient. Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) prepared with soluplus showed 10-fold increase in apparent solubility and maintenance of supersaturation for 24 h compared to the crystalline RXB. Further, pharmacokinetic study performed in animals was in good correlation with the solubility data. Increases of 5.7- and 6.7-fold were observed in AUC and Cmax, respectively, for ASDs prepared with soluplus compared to those with crystalline RXB. FTIR and NMR spectroscopy unveiled the involvement of N-H group of RXB with C═O group of polymers in intermolecular interactions. The decreased drug efflux ratio was observed for ASDs prepared with eudragit S100 and soluplus in Caco-2 transport study suggesting improvement in the absorption of RXB. Hence, the present study demonstrates ASD using soluplus as a promising formulation strategy for enhancing the biopharmaceutical performance of RXB by increasing the solubility and circumventing the P-gp activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Metre
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Sumit Mukesh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjaya K Samal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Mahesh Chand
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Abhay T Sangamwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India
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103
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Impact of Drug-Polymer Miscibility on Enthalpy Relaxation of Irbesartan Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Pharm Res 2018; 35:29. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2296-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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104
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Predicting Solubility/Miscibility in Amorphous Dispersions: It Is Time to Move Beyond Regular Solution Theories. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:24-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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105
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Investigating phase separation in amorphous solid dispersions via Raman mapping. Int J Pharm 2018; 535:245-252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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106
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Enhanced Dissolution of a Porous Carrier–Containing Ternary Amorphous Solid Dispersion System Prepared by a Hot Melt Method. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:362-371. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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107
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Jermain SV, Brough C, Williams RO. Amorphous solid dispersions and nanocrystal technologies for poorly water-soluble drug delivery – An update. Int J Pharm 2018; 535:379-392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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108
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Corner PA, Harburn JJ, Steed JW, McCabe JF, Berry DJ. Stabilisation of an amorphous form of ROY through a predicted co-former interaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 52:6537-40. [PMID: 27109460 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc02949c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The highly polymorphic compound ROY, notorious for the colour of its crystals, was the subject of an optimised high-throughput ultrasound-based co-crystal screen. This screen involved a computational pre-screen which highlighted an interaction between ROY and the potential co-former pyrogallol. We have shown that the presence of pyrogallol stabilises the amorphous form of ROY, highlighting the potential for future prediction of co-amorphous behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Corner
- Durham University, Division of Pharmacy, Queen's Campus, Stockton on Tees, TS17 6BH, UK.
| | - J Jonathan Harburn
- Durham University, Division of Pharmacy, Queen's Campus, Stockton on Tees, TS17 6BH, UK.
| | - Jonathan W Steed
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, University Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - James F McCabe
- Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca Macclesfield, SK10 2SN, UK
| | - David J Berry
- Durham University, Division of Pharmacy, Queen's Campus, Stockton on Tees, TS17 6BH, UK.
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109
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Tian Y, Jones DS, Donnelly C, Brannigan T, Li S, Andrews GP. A New Method of Constructing a Drug–Polymer Temperature–Composition Phase Diagram Using Hot-Melt Extrusion. Mol Pharm 2017; 15:1379-1391. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Tian
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - David S. Jones
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Conor Donnelly
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Brannigan
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Shu Li
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin P. Andrews
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
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110
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Kulkarni C, Kelly AL, Gough T, Jadhav V, Singh KK, Paradkar A. Application of hot melt extrusion for improving bioavailability of artemisinin a thermolabile drug. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 44:206-214. [PMID: 29145748 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1386200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hot melt extrusion has been used to produce a solid dispersion of the thermolabile drug artemisinin. Formulation and process conditions were optimized prior to evaluation of dissolution and biopharmaceutical performance. Soluplus®, a low Tg amphiphilic polymer especially designed for solid dispersions enabled melt extrusion at 110 °C although some drug-polymer incompatibility was observed. Addition of 5% citric acid as a pH modifier was found to suppress the degradation. The area under plasma concentration time curve (AUC0-24h) and peak plasma concentration (Cmax) were four times higher for the modified solid dispersion compared to that of pure artemisinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kulkarni
- a Centre of Pharmaceutical Engineering Science , University of Bradford , Bradford , UK
| | - A L Kelly
- a Centre of Pharmaceutical Engineering Science , University of Bradford , Bradford , UK
| | - T Gough
- a Centre of Pharmaceutical Engineering Science , University of Bradford , Bradford , UK
| | - V Jadhav
- b C U Shah College of Pharmacy , Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey (SNDT) Women's University , Mumbai , India
| | - K K Singh
- c School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences , University of Central Lancashire , Preston, Lancashire , UK
| | - A Paradkar
- a Centre of Pharmaceutical Engineering Science , University of Bradford , Bradford , UK
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111
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Melt extrusion with poorly soluble drugs - An integrated review. Int J Pharm 2017; 535:68-85. [PMID: 29102700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, hot melt extrusion (HME) has emerged as a successful technology for a broad spectrum of applications in the pharmaceutical industry. As indicated by multiple publications and patents, HME is mainly used for the enhancement of solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. This review is focused on the recent reports on the solubility enhancement via HME and provides an update for the manufacturing/scaling up aspects of melt extrusion. In addition, drug characterization methods and dissolution studies are discussed. The application of process analytical technology (PAT) tools and use of HME as a continuous manufacturing process may shorten the drug development process; as a result, the latter is becoming the most widely utilized technique in the pharmaceutical industry. The advantages, disadvantages, and practical applications of various PAT tools such as near and mid-infrared, ultraviolet/visible, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopies are summarized, and the characteristics of other techniques are briefly discussed. Overall, this review also provides an outline for the currently marketed products and analyzes the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of HME application in the pharmaceutical industry.
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112
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Doreth M, Löbmann K, Priemel P, Grohganz H, Taylor R, Holm R, Lopez de Diego H, Rades T. Influence of PVP molecular weight on the microwave assisted in situ amorphization of indomethacin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 122:62-69. [PMID: 28986296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In situ amorphization is an approach that enables a phase transition of a crystalline drug to its amorphous form immediately prior to administration. In this study, three different polyvinylpyrrolidones (PVP K12, K17 and K25) were selected to investigate the influence of the molecular weight of the polymer on the degree of amorphization of the model drug indomethacin (IND) upon microwaving. Powder mixtures of crystalline IND and the respective PVP were compacted at 1:2 (w/w) IND:PVP ratios, stored at 54% RH and subsequently microwaved with a total energy input of 90 or 180kJ. After storage, all compacts had a similar moisture content (∼10% (w/w)). Upon microwaving with an energy input of 180kJ, 58±4% of IND in IND:PVP K12 compacts was amorphized, whereas 31±8% of IND was amorphized by an energy input of 90kJ. The drug stayed fully crystalline in all IND:PVP K17 and IND:PVP K25 compacts. After plasticization by moisture, PVP K12 reached a Tg below ambient temperature (16±2°C) indicating that the Tg of the plasticized polymer is a key factor for the success of in situ amorphization. DSC analysis showed that the amorphized drug was part of a ternary glass solution consisting of IND, PVP K12 and water. In dissolution tests, IND:PVP K12 compacts showed a delayed initial drug release due to a lack of compact disintegration, but reached a higher total drug release eventually. In summary, this study showed that the microwave assisted in situ amorphization was highly dependent on the Tg of the plasticized polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Doreth
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Korbinian Löbmann
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Petra Priemel
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Holger Grohganz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Robert Taylor
- Sirius Analytical Instruments Ltd., Station Rd, Forest Row RH18 5DW, United Kingdom.
| | - René Holm
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Drug Product Development, Janssen Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Heidi Lopez de Diego
- Analytical Development & Compliance, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500 Valby, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
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113
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Luebbert C, Sadowski G. Moisture-induced phase separation and recrystallization in amorphous solid dispersions. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:635-646. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.08.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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114
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DeBoyace K, Wildfong PLD. The Application of Modeling and Prediction to the Formation and Stability of Amorphous Solid Dispersions. J Pharm Sci 2017; 107:57-74. [PMID: 28389266 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) formulation development is frequently difficult owing to the inherent physical instability of the amorphous form, and limited understanding of the physical and chemical interactions that translate to initial dispersion formation and long-term physical stability. Formulation development for ASDs has been historically accomplished through trial and error or experience with extant systems; however, rational selection of appropriate excipients is preferred to reduce time to market and decrease costs associated with development. Current efforts to develop thermodynamic and computational models attempt to rationally direct formulation and show promise. This review compiles and evaluates important methods used to predict ASD formation and physical stability. Recent literature in which these methods are applied is also reviewed, and limitations of each method are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin DeBoyace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Av, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282
| | - Peter L D Wildfong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Av, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282.
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115
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A rational approach towards development of amorphous solid dispersions: Experimental and computational techniques. Int J Pharm 2017; 519:44-57. [PMID: 28063904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the drug-polymer miscibility of GENE-A, a Genentech molecule, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-acetate succinate (HPMC-AS), a polymer, using computational and experimental approaches. The Flory-Huggins interaction parameter,χ, was obtained by calculating the solubility parameters for GENE-A and HPMC-AS over the temperature range of 25-100°C to obtain the free energy of mixing at different drug loadings (0-100%) using the Materials Studio modeling and simulation platform (thermodynamic approach). Solid-state nuclear magnetic spectroscopy (ssNMR) was used to measure the proton relaxation times for both drug and polymer at different drug loadings (up to 60%) at RT (kinetic approach). Thermodynamically, the drug and polymer were predicted to show favorable mixing as indicated by a negative Gibbs free energy of mixing from 25 to 100°C. ssNMR showed near identical relaxation times for both drug and polymer in the solid dispersion at RT and 40°C for a period up to 6 months showing phase mixing between the API and polymer on <10nm scale. Orthogonal computational and experimental approaches indicate phase mixing of the system components.
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116
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Hengsawas Surasarang S, Keen JM, Huang S, Zhang F, McGinity JW, Williams RO. Hot melt extrusion versus spray drying: hot melt extrusion degrades albendazole. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2016; 43:797-811. [PMID: 27616147 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2016.1220577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to enhance the dissolution properties of albendazole (ABZ) by the use of amorphous solid dispersions. Phase diagrams of ABZ-polymer binary mixtures generated from Flory-Huggins theory were used to assess miscibility and processability. Forced degradation studies showed that ABZ degraded upon exposure to hydrogen peroxide and 1 N NaOH at 80 °C for 5 min, and the degradants were albendazole sulfoxide (ABZSX), and ABZ impurity A, respectively. ABZ was chemically stable following exposure to 1 N HCl at 80 °C for one hour. Thermal degradation profiles show that ABZ, with and without Kollidon® VA 64, degraded at 180 °C and 140 °C, respectively, which indicated that ABZ could likely be processed by thermal processing. Following hot melt extrusion, ABZ degraded up to 97.4%, while the amorphous ABZ solid dispersion was successfully prepared by spray drying. Spray-dried ABZ formulations using various types of acids (methanesulfonic acid, sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid) and polymers (Kollidon® VA 64, Soluplus® and Eudragit® E PO) were studied. The spray-dried ABZ with methanesulfonic acid and Kollidon® VA 64 substantially improved non-sink dissolution in acidic media as compared to bulk ABZ (8-fold), physical mixture of ABZ:Kollidon® VA 64 (5.6-fold) and ABZ mesylate salt (1.6-fold). No degradation was observed in the spray-dried product for up to six months and less than 5% after one-year storage. In conclusion, amorphous ABZ solid dispersions in combination with an acid and polymer can be prepared by spray drying to enhance dissolution and shelf-stability, whereas those made by melt extrusion are degraded.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Siyuan Huang
- a Division of Pharmaceutics , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- a Division of Pharmaceutics , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA
| | - James W McGinity
- a Division of Pharmaceutics , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA
| | - Robert O Williams
- a Division of Pharmaceutics , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA
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117
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Wu H, Wang K, Wang H, Chen F, Huang W, Chen Y, Chen J, Tao J, Wen X, Xiong S. Novel self-assembled tacrolimus nanoparticles cross-linking thermosensitive hydrogels for local rheumatoid arthritis therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 149:97-104. [PMID: 27736727 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to explore the potential application of novel self-assembled nanoparticles cross-linking thermosensitive hydrogels composed of polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol (Soluplus) and tacrolimus (FK-506) for local therapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The sol-gel transition temperature (Tsol-gel), gelation time, rheological behaviors, in vitro release, in vivo gelation and retention, and therapeutic efficacy against adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats were compared between the Soluplus hydrogels and widely studied poloxamer 407 (P407) delivery systems. In sol, the spherical and uniform FK506 loaded Soluplus nanoparticles (Soluplus-SNPs) were self-assembled with encapsulation efficiency of 99.5±1.5% and particle size of 73.9±2.9nm. The decreased Tsol-gel of Soluplus-SNPs hydrogels was associated with the addition of salts, elevation of pH and ionic strength. The optimal Tsol-gel of Soluplus-SNPs with concentrations of 10%-30% in phosphate buffer (50mM, pH 7.4) was from 37.4±0.1°C to 32.8±0.3°C and the gelation time was not greater than 2min. Soluplus-SNPs gelling systems showed lower viscosity and wider range concentrations in sol state at 25°C and stronger gel strength at 37°C than P407, which resulting in longer sustained release of FK506 but without burst-release in vitro, and longer retention time in the local injection site in vivo. The therapeutic efficacy to treat AIA rats was significantly enhanced from d10 to d17 after a single dose of FK506 loaded in 10% and 20% Soluplus-SNPs hydrogels. In conclusion, Soluplus-SNPs hydrogel is a potential sustainable delivery system for FK506 to treat RA locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Kaiyuan Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Hanning Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Wencong Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Yuqi Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Jiali Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Jin Tao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Xiaoguang Wen
- Overseas Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, China Medical City, Taizhou, 225300, PR China
| | - Subin Xiong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China.
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118
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The Use of Binary Polymeric Networks in Stabilizing Polyethylene Oxide Solid Dispersions. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:3064-3072. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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119
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Theoretical and experimental investigation of drug-polymer interaction and miscibility and its impact on drug supersaturation in aqueous medium. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 107:16-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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120
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Polymeric Amorphous Solid Dispersions: A Review of Amorphization, Crystallization, Stabilization, Solid-State Characterization, and Aqueous Solubilization of Biopharmaceutical Classification System Class II Drugs. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:2527-2544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 557] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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121
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Qu X, Yang Z. Benzoic-Imine-Based Physiological-pH-Responsive Materials for Biomedical Applications. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:2633-2641. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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122
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Ricarte RG, Lodge TP, Hillmyer MA. Nanoscale Concentration Quantification of Pharmaceutical Actives in Amorphous Polymer Matrices by Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:7411-9. [PMID: 27419264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated the use of electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) to evaluate the composition of phenytoin:hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) spin-coated solid dispersions (SDs). To overcome the inability of bright-field and high-angle annular dark-field TEM imaging to distinguish between glassy drug and polymer, we used the π-π* transition peak in the EELS spectrum to detect phenytoin within the HPMCAS matrix of the SD. The concentration of phenytoin within SDs of 10, 25, and 50 wt % drug loading was quantified by a multiple least-squares analysis. Evaluating the concentration of 50 different regions in each SD, we determined that phenytoin and HPMCAS are intimately mixed at a length scale of 200 nm, even for drug loadings up to 50 wt %. At length scales below 100 nm, the variance of the measured phenytoin concentration increases; we speculate that this increase is due to statistical fluctuations in local concentration and chemical changes induced by electron irradiation. We also performed EELS analysis of an annealed 25 wt % phenytoin SD and showed that the technique can resolve concentration differences between regions that are less than 50 nm apart. Our findings indicate that EELS is a useful tool for quantifying, with high accuracy and sub-100 nm spatial resolution, the composition of many pharmaceutical and soft matter systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralm G Ricarte
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Timothy P Lodge
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Marc A Hillmyer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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123
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Korhonen O, Pajula K, Laitinen R. Rational excipient selection for co-amorphous formulations. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:551-569. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1198770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ossi Korhonen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katja Pajula
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Riikka Laitinen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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124
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Van Duong T, Van den Mooter G. The role of the carrier in the formulation of pharmaceutical solid dispersions. Part II: amorphous carriers. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:1681-1694. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1198769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tu Van Duong
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Guy Van den Mooter
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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125
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Pawar J, Tayade A, Gangurde A, Moravkar K, Amin P. Solubility and dissolution enhancement of efavirenz hot melt extruded amorphous solid dispersions using combination of polymeric blends: A QbD approach. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 88:37-49. [PMID: 27049050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Efavirenz is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and categorized in to BCS class II drug. The aim of the present investigation was to apply quality by design approach to enhance the solubility, dissolution and stability of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of efavirenz using a combination of Soluplus® and HPMCAS-HF polymers. In design of experiments, the user defined quadratic model was used to study the effect of variable concentrations of Soluplus® and HPMCAS-HF for the formation of ASDs of efavirenz. Similarly, a prototype ASD was made using Soluplus® as a carrier with efavirenz loading of 30%. The efavirenz ASDs granular extrudates were evaluated for saturation solubility as well as dissolution rate studies. X-ray powder diffraction, Differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared, Atomic force microscopy and FTIR imaging to determine the solid state of efavirenz in the ASDs. DSC and XRD data confirmed that bulk crystalline efavirenz transformed to the amorphous form during the hot melt extrusion processing. Prototype ASD batch showed instability upon storage as per ICH guidelines over a period of 6months, observations inferred from DSC, XRD and in vitro dissolution studies. The maximum dissolution rate was observed when Soluplus® and HPMCAS-HF was in ratio of (60:20) as optimized by design of experiments study. Moreover, the optimized ASDs batch were stable at 40°C, 75% RH for a period of 6months without any dissolution rate changes, and remained into amorphous state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaywant Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, University under Section-3 of UGC Act-1956, Elite Status & Centre of Excellence - Govt. of Maharashtra, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
| | - Apurva Tayade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, University under Section-3 of UGC Act-1956, Elite Status & Centre of Excellence - Govt. of Maharashtra, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Avinash Gangurde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, University under Section-3 of UGC Act-1956, Elite Status & Centre of Excellence - Govt. of Maharashtra, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Kailas Moravkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, University under Section-3 of UGC Act-1956, Elite Status & Centre of Excellence - Govt. of Maharashtra, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Purnima Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, University under Section-3 of UGC Act-1956, Elite Status & Centre of Excellence - Govt. of Maharashtra, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
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126
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Bansal K, Baghel US, Thakral S. Construction and Validation of Binary Phase Diagram for Amorphous Solid Dispersion Using Flory-Huggins Theory. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:318-27. [PMID: 26092302 PMCID: PMC4984891 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0343-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-polymer miscibility is one of the fundamental prerequisite for the successful design and development of amorphous solid dispersion formulation. The purpose of the present work is to provide an example of the theoretical estimation of drug-polymer miscibility and solubility on the basis of Flory-Huggins (F-H) theory and experimental validation of the phase diagram. The F-H interaction parameter, χ d-p, of model system, aceclofenac and Soluplus, was estimated by two methods: by melting point depression of drug in presence of different polymer fractions and by Hildebrand and Scott solubility parameter calculations. The simplified relationship between the F-H interaction parameter and temperature was established. This enabled us to generate free energy of mixing (ΔG mix) curves for varying drug-polymer compositions at different temperatures and finally the spinodal curve. The predicted behavior of the binary system was evaluated through X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and in vitro dissolution studies. The results suggest possibility of employing interaction parameter as preliminary tool for the estimation of drug-polymer miscibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Bansal
- GVM College of Pharmacy, Sonipat, Haryana, 131001, India
| | | | - Seema Thakral
- GVM College of Pharmacy, Sonipat, Haryana, 131001, India.
- College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA.
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127
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Piccinni P, Tian Y, McNaughton A, Fraser J, Brown S, Jones DS, Li S, Andrews GP. Solubility parameter-based screening methods for early-stage formulation development of itraconazole amorphous solid dispersions. J Pharm Pharmacol 2016; 68:705-20. [PMID: 26864155 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This article uses conventional and newly extended solubility parameter (δ) methods to identify polymeric materials capable of forming amorphous dispersions with itraconazole (itz).
Methods
Combinations of itz and Soluplus, Eudragit E PO (EPO), Kollidon 17PF (17PF) or Kollidon VA64 (VA64) were prepared as amorphous solid dispersions using quench cooling and hot melt extrusion. Storage stability was evaluated under a range of conditions using differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction.
Key findings
The rank order of itz miscibility with polymers using both conventional and novel δ-based approaches was 17PF > VA64 > Soluplus > EPO, and the application of the Flory–Huggins lattice model to itz–excipient binary systems corroborated the findings. The solid-state characterisation analyses of the formulations manufactured by melt extrusion correlated well with pre-formulation screening. Long-term storage studies showed that the physical stability of 17PF/vitamin E TPGS–itz was poor compared with Soluplus and VA64 formulations, and for EPO/itz systems variation in stability may be observed depending on the preparation method.
Conclusion
Results have demonstrated that although δ-based screening may be useful in predicting the initial state of amorphous solid dispersions, assessment of the physical behaviour of the formulations at relevant temperatures may be more appropriate for the successful development of commercially acceptable amorphous drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Piccinni
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
- Encap Drug Delivery, West Lothian, UK
| | - Yiwei Tian
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | | | - David S Jones
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Shu Li
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Gavin P Andrews
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
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128
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Thiry J, Broze G, Pestieau A, Tatton AS, Baumans F, Damblon C, Krier F, Evrard B. Investigation of a suitable in vitro dissolution test for itraconazole-based solid dispersions. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 85:94-105. [PMID: 26850682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The difficulty to find a relevant in vitro dissolution test to evaluate poorly soluble drugs is a well-known issue. One way to enhance their aqueous solubility is to formulate them as amorphous solid dispersions. In this study, three formulations containing itraconazole (ITZ), a model drug, were tested in seven different conditions (different USP apparatuses and different media). Two of the formulations were amorphous solid dispersions namely Sporanox®, the marketed product, and extrudates composed of Soluplus® and ITZ produced by hot melt extrusion; and the last one was pure crystalline ITZ capsules. After each test, a ranking of the formulations was established. Surprisingly, the two amorphous solid dispersions exhibited very different behavior depending primarily on the dissolution media. Indeed, the extrudates showed a better release profile than Sporanox® in non-sink and in biphasic conditions, whilst Sporanox® showed a higher release profile than the extrudates in sink and fasted simulated gastric conditions. The disintegration, dynamic light scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance results highlighted the presence of interaction between the surfactants and Soluplus®, which slowed down the erosion of the polymer matrix. Indeed, the negative charge of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and bile salts interacted with the surface of the extrudates that formed a barrier through which the water hardly diffused. Moreover, Soluplus® and SDS formed mixed micelles in solution in which ITZ interacts with SDS, but no longer with Soluplus®. Regarding the biphasic dissolution test, the interactions between the octanol dissolved in the aqueous media disrupted the polymer--ITZ system leading to a reduced release of ITZ from Sporanox®, whilst it had no influence on the extrudates. All together these results pointed out the difficulty of finding a suitable in vitro dissolution test due to interactions between the excipients that complicates the prediction of the behavior of these solid dispersions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Thiry
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege, 4000, Liege, Belgium.
| | - Guy Broze
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules, University of Liege, Chemistry Department, B6a, Sart-Tilman, Liege, Belgium
| | - Aude Pestieau
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Andrew S Tatton
- Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CREMAN), Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - France Baumans
- Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CREMAN), Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Christian Damblon
- Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CREMAN), Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Krier
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Evrard
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege, 4000, Liege, Belgium
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129
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Huang S, O’Donnell KP, Keen JM, Rickard MA, McGinity JW, Williams RO. A New Extrudable Form of Hypromellose: AFFINISOL™ HPMC HME. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:106-19. [PMID: 26335416 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0395-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypromellose is a hydrophilic polymer widely used in immediate- and modified-release oral pharmaceutical dosage forms. However, currently available grades of hypromellose are difficult, if not impossible, to process by hot melt extrusion (HME) because of their high glass transition temperature, high melt viscosity, and low degradation temperature. To overcome these challenges, a modified grade of hypromellose, AFFINISOL™ HPMC HME, was recently introduced. It has a significantly lower glass transition temperature and melt viscosity as compared to other available grades of hypromellose. The objective of this paper is to assess the extrudability and performance of AFFINISOL™ HPMC HME (100LV and 4M) as compared to other widely used polymers in HME, including HPMC 2910 100cP (the currently available hypromellose), Soluplus®, Kollidon® VA 64, and EUDRAGIT® E PO. Formulations containing polymer and carbamazepine (CBZ) were extruded on a co-rotating 16-mm twin-screw extruder, and the effect of temperature, screw speed, and feed rate was investigated. The performance of the solid dispersions was evaluated based on Flory-Huggins modeling and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and dissolution. All formulations extruded well except for HPMC 2910 100cP, which resulted in over-torqueing the extruder (machine overloading because the motor cannot provide efficient energy to rotate the shaft). Among the HME extrudates, only the EUDRAGIT® E PO formulation was crystalline as confirmed by DSC, XRD, and Raman, which agreed with predictions from Flory-Huggins modeling. Dissolution testing was conducted under both sink and non-sink conditions. Sink dissolution testing in neutral media revealed that amorphous CBZ in the HME extrudates completely dissolved within 15 min, which was much more rapid than the time for complete dissolution of bulk CBZ (60 min) and EUDRAGIT® E PO solid dispersion (more than 6 h). Non-sink dissolution in acidic media testing revealed that only CBZ contained in the AFFINISOL™ HPMC HME, and EUDRAGIT® E PO solid dispersions rapidly supersaturated after 15 min, reaching a twofold drug concentration compared to the CBZ equilibrium solubility. In summary, AFFINISOL™ HPMC HME 100LV and AFFINISOL™ HPMC HME 4M are useful in the pharmaceutical HME process to increase wetting and dissolution properties of poorly water-soluble drugs like CBZ.
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130
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Li S, Tian Y, Jones DS, Andrews GP. Optimising Drug Solubilisation in Amorphous Polymer Dispersions: Rational Selection of Hot-melt Extrusion Processing Parameters. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:200-13. [PMID: 26729536 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0450-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article was to construct a T-ϕ phase diagram for a model drug (FD) and amorphous polymer (Eudragit® EPO) and to use this information to understand the impact of how temperature-composition coordinates influenced the final properties of the extrudate. Defining process boundaries and understanding drug solubility in polymeric carriers is of utmost importance and will help in the successful manufacture of new delivery platforms for BCS class II drugs. Physically mixed felodipine (FD)-Eudragit(®) EPO (EPO) binary mixtures with pre-determined weight fractions were analysed using DSC to measure the endset of melting and glass transition temperature. Extrudates of 10 wt% FD-EPO were processed using temperatures (110°C, 126°C, 140°C and 150°C) selected from the temperature-composition (T-ϕ) phase diagrams and processing screw speed of 20, 100 and 200rpm. Extrudates were characterised using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), optical, polarised light and Raman microscopy. To ensure formation of a binary amorphous drug dispersion (ADD) at a specific composition, HME processing temperatures should at least be equal to, or exceed, the corresponding temperature value on the liquid-solid curve in a F-H T-ϕ phase diagram. If extruded between the spinodal and liquid-solid curve, the lack of thermodynamic forces to attain complete drug amorphisation may be compensated for through the use of an increased screw speed. Constructing F-H T-ϕ phase diagrams are valuable not only in the understanding drug-polymer miscibility behaviour but also in rationalising the selection of important processing parameters for HME to ensure miscibility of drug and polymer.
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131
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Knopp MM, Olesen NE, Huang Y, Holm R, Rades T. Statistical Analysis of a Method to Predict Drug–Polymer Miscibility. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:362-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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132
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Jones DS, Margetson DN, McAllister MS, Andrews GP. Reprint of “Characterisation and modelling of the thermorheological properties of pharmaceutical polymers and their blends using capillary rheometry: Implications for hot melt processing of dosage forms”. Int J Pharm 2015; 496:86-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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133
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Purohit HS, Taylor LS. Miscibility of Itraconazole-Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Blends: Insights with High Resolution Analytical Methodologies. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:4542-53. [PMID: 26567698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Drug-polymer miscibility is considered to be a prerequisite to achieve an optimally performing amorphous solid dispersion (ASD). Unfortunately, it can be challenging to evaluate drug-polymer miscibility experimentally. The aim of this study was to investigate the miscibility of ASDs of itraconazole (ITZ) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) using a variety of analytical approaches. The phase behavior of ITZ-HPMC films prepared by solvent evaporation was studied before and after heating. Conventional methodology for miscibility determination, that is, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), was used in conjunction with emerging analytical techniques, such as fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence imaging, and atomic force microscopy coupled with nanoscale infrared spectroscopy and nanothermal analysis (AFM-nanoIR-nanoTA). DSC results showed a single glass transition event for systems with 10% to 50% drug loading, suggesting that the ASDs were miscible, whereas phase separation was observed for all of the films based on the other techniques. The AFM-coupled techniques indicated that the phase separation occurred at the submicron scale. When the films were heated, it was observed that the ASD components underwent mixing. The results provide new insights into the phase behavior of itraconazole-HPMC dispersions and suggest that the emerging analytical techniques discussed herein are promising for the characterization of miscibility and microstructure in drug-polymer systems. The observed differences in the phase behavior in films prepared by solvent evaporation before and after heating also have implications for processing routes and suggest that spray drying/solvent evaporation and hot melt extrusion/melt mixing can result in ASDs with varying extent of miscibility between the drug and the polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh S Purohit
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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134
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Calahan JL, Azali SC, Munson EJ, Nagapudi K. Investigation of Phase Mixing in Amorphous Solid Dispersions of AMG 517 in HPMC-AS Using DSC, Solid-State NMR, and Solution Calorimetry. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:4115-23. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie L. Calahan
- Oral
Delivery Product and Process Development, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Stephanie C. Azali
- Oral
Delivery Product and Process Development, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen
Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Eric J. Munson
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Karthik Nagapudi
- Small
Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 465 East Grand
Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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135
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Raimi-Abraham BT, Mahalingam S, Davies PJ, Edirisinghe M, Craig DQM. Development and Characterization of Amorphous Nanofiber Drug Dispersions Prepared Using Pressurized Gyration. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:3851-61. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philip J. Davies
- TA Instruments—A Division of Waters U.K., 730-740 Centennial Court, Centennial
Park, Elstree, Hertfordshire, WD6 3SZ, U.K
| | - Mohan Edirisinghe
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Duncan Q. M. Craig
- University College London School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, U.K
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136
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Chan SY, Qi S, Craig DQM. An investigation into the influence of drug-polymer interactions on the miscibility, processability and structure of polyvinylpyrrolidone-based hot melt extrusion formulations. Int J Pharm 2015; 496:95-106. [PMID: 26428633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While hot melt extrusion is now established within the pharmaceutical industry, the prediction of miscibility, processability and structural stability remains a pertinent issue, including the issue of whether molecular interaction is necessary for suitable performance. Here we integrate the use of theoretical and experimental drug-polymer interaction assessment with determination of processability and structure of dispersions in two polyvinylpyrrolidone-based polymers (PVP and PVP vinyl acetate, PVPVA). Caffeine and paracetamol were chosen as model drugs on the basis of their differing hydrogen bonding potential with PVP. Solubility parameter and interaction parameter calculations predicted a greater miscibility for paracetamol, while ATR-FTIR confirmed the hydrogen bonding propensity of the paracetamol with both polymers, with little interaction detected for caffeine. PVP was found to exhibit greater interaction and miscibility with paracetamol than did PVPVA. It was noted that lower processing temperatures (circa 40°C below the Tg of the polymer alone and Tm of the crystalline drug) and higher drug loadings with associated molecular dispersion up to 50% w/w were possible for the paracetamol dispersions, although molecular dispersion with the non-interactive caffeine was noted at loadings up to 20% w./w. A lower processing temperature was also noted for caffeine-loaded systems despite the absence of detectable interactions. The study has therefore indicated that theoretical and experimental detection of miscibility and drug-polymer interactions may lead to insights into product processing and extrudate structure, with direct molecular interaction representing a helpful but not essential aspect of drug-polymer combination prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siok-Yee Chan
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, England, UK
| | - Sheng Qi
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, England, UK
| | - Duncan Q M Craig
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, England, UK.
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137
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Jones DS, Margetson DN, McAllister MS, Andrews GP. Characterisation and modelling of the thermorheological properties of pharmaceutical polymers and their blends using capillary rheometry: Implications for hot melt processing of dosage forms. Int J Pharm 2015; 493:251-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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138
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Altamimi MA, Neau SH. Use of the Flory–Huggins theory to predict the solubility of nifedipine and sulfamethoxazole in the triblock, graft copolymer Soluplus. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2015; 42:446-55. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1075033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA and
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Steven H. Neau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA and
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139
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Knopp MM, Tajber L, Tian Y, Olesen NE, Jones DS, Kozyra A, Löbmann K, Paluch K, Brennan CM, Holm R, Healy AM, Andrews GP, Rades T. Comparative Study of Different Methods for the Prediction of Drug-Polymer Solubility. Mol Pharm 2015. [PMID: 26214347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a comparison of different methods to predict drug-polymer solubility was carried out on binary systems consisting of five model drugs (paracetamol, chloramphenicol, celecoxib, indomethacin, and felodipine) and polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymers (PVP/VA) of different monomer weight ratios. The drug-polymer solubility at 25 °C was predicted using the Flory-Huggins model, from data obtained at elevated temperature using thermal analysis methods based on the recrystallization of a supersaturated amorphous solid dispersion and two variations of the melting point depression method. These predictions were compared with the solubility in the low molecular weight liquid analogues of the PVP/VA copolymer (N-vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl acetate). The predicted solubilities at 25 °C varied considerably depending on the method used. However, the three thermal analysis methods ranked the predicted solubilities in the same order, except for the felodipine-PVP system. Furthermore, the magnitude of the predicted solubilities from the recrystallization method and melting point depression method correlated well with the estimates based on the solubility in the liquid analogues, which suggests that this method can be used as an initial screening tool if a liquid analogue is available. The learnings of this important comparative study provided general guidance for the selection of the most suitable method(s) for the screening of drug-polymer solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Manne Knopp
- Department of Biologics and Pharmaceutical Science, H. Lundbeck A/S , 2500 Valby, Denmark.,School of Pharmacy, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lidia Tajber
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Yiwei Tian
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University , Belfast BT9, Northern Ireland
| | - Niels Erik Olesen
- Department of Biologics and Pharmaceutical Science, H. Lundbeck A/S , 2500 Valby, Denmark.,NSM, Research Unit for Functional Biomaterials, Roskilde University , 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - David S Jones
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University , Belfast BT9, Northern Ireland
| | - Agnieszka Kozyra
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Korbinian Löbmann
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Krzysztof Paluch
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Claire Marie Brennan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - René Holm
- Department of Biologics and Pharmaceutical Science, H. Lundbeck A/S , 2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Healy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Gavin P Andrews
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University , Belfast BT9, Northern Ireland
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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140
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Paus R, Ji Y, Vahle L, Sadowski G. Predicting the Solubility Advantage of Amorphous Pharmaceuticals: A Novel Thermodynamic Approach. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2823-33. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500824d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Paus
- TU Dortmund, Department of
Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Emil-Figge
Straße 70, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yuanhui Ji
- TU Dortmund, Department of
Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Emil-Figge
Straße 70, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lisa Vahle
- TU Dortmund, Department of
Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Emil-Figge
Straße 70, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gabriele Sadowski
- TU Dortmund, Department of
Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Emil-Figge
Straße 70, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
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141
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Systematic identification of thermal degradation products of HPMCP during hot melt extrusion process. Int J Pharm 2015; 486:252-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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142
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Potter C, Tian Y, Walker G, McCoy C, Hornsby P, Donnelly C, Jones DS, Andrews GP. Novel Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Impregnation Technique for the Production of Amorphous Solid Drug Dispersions: A Comparison to Hot Melt Extrusion. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:1377-90. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500644h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gavin Walker
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Science, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Co. Limerick, Ireland
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143
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Tian Y, Jones DS, Andrews GP. An investigation into the role of polymeric carriers on crystal growth within amorphous solid dispersion systems. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:1180-92. [PMID: 25692314 DOI: 10.1021/mp500702s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using phase diagrams derived from Flory-Huggins theory, we defined the thermodynamic state of amorphous felodipine within three different polymeric carriers. Variation in the solubility and miscibility of felodipine within different polymeric materials (using F-H theory) has been identified and used to select the most suitable polymeric carriers for the production of amorphous drug-polymer solid dispersions. With this information, amorphous felodipine solid dispersions were manufactured using three different polymeric materials (HPMCAS-HF, Soluplus, and PVPK15) at predefined drug loadings, and the crystal growth rates of felodipine from these solid dispersions were investigated. Crystallization of amorphous felodipine was studied using Raman spectral imaging and polarized light microscopy. Using this data, we examined the correlation among several characteristics of solid dispersions to the crystal growth rate of felodipine. An exponential relationship was found to exist between drug loading and crystal growth rate. Moreover, crystal growth within all selected amorphous drug-polymer solid dispersion systems were viscosity dependent (η(-ξ)). The exponent, ξ, was estimated to be 1.36 at a temperature of 80 °C. Values of ξ exceeding 1 may indicate strong viscosity dependent crystal growth in the amorphous drug-polymer solid dispersion systems. We argue that the elevated exponent value (ξ > 1) is a result of drug-polymer mixing which leads to a less fragile amorphous drug-polymer solid dispersion system. All systems investigated displayed an upper critical solution temperature, and the solid-liquid boundary was always higher than the spinodal decomposition curve. Furthermore, for PVP-FD amorphous dispersions at drug loadings exceeding 0.6 volume ratio, the mechanism of phase separation within the metastable zone was found to be driven by nucleation and growth rather than liquid-liquid separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Tian
- The Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Group, School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - David S Jones
- The Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Group, School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin P Andrews
- The Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Group, School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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144
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Amorphous solid dispersions: a robust platform to address bioavailability challenges. Ther Deliv 2015; 6:247-61. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.14.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are being used with increasing frequency for poorly soluble pharmaceutical compounds in development. These systems consist of an amorphous active pharmaceutical ingredient stabilized by a polymer to produce a system with improved physical and solution stability. ASDs are commonly considered as a means of improving the apparent solubility of an active pharmaceutical ingredient. This review will discuss methods of preparation and characterization of ASDs with an emphasis on understanding and predicting stability. Theoretical understanding of supersaturation and predicting in vivo performance will be stressed. Additionally, a summary of preclinical and clinical development efforts will be presented to give the reader an understanding of risks and key pitfalls when developing an ASD.
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145
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Boersen N, Brown C, DiNunzio J, Johnson D, Marsac P, Meyer R, McKelvey C. Hot-Melt Extrusion: The Process-Product-Performance Interplay. DISCOVERING AND DEVELOPING MOLECULES WITH OPTIMAL DRUG-LIKE PROPERTIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1399-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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146
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Jones DS, Margetson DN, McAllister MS, Yu T, Shu L, McCoy CP, Andrews GP. Thermodynamically stable amorphous drug dispersions in amorphous hydrophilic polymers engineered by hot melt extrusion. Chem Eng Res Des 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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147
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Lohani S, Cooper H, Jin X, Nissley BP, Manser K, Rakes LH, Cummings JJ, Fauty SE, Bak A. Physicochemical Properties, Form, and Formulation Selection Strategy for a Biopharmaceutical Classification System Class II Preclinical Drug Candidate. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:3007-21. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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148
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Gao F, Lian C, Zhou L, Liu H, Hu J. Phase separation of mixed micelles and synthesis of hierarchical porous materials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:11284-11291. [PMID: 25186053 DOI: 10.1021/la501648j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The mixed micelle template approach is one of the most promising synthesis methods for hierarchical porous materials. Although considerable research efforts have been made to explore the formation mechanism, explicit theoretical guidance for appropriately choosing templates is still not available. We found that the phase separation occurring in the mixed micelles would be the key point for the synthesis of hierarchical porous materials. Herein, the pseudophase separation theory for the critical micelle concentration (cmc) combined with the Flory-Huggins theory for the chain molecular mixture were employed to investigate the properties of mixed surfactant aqueous solutions. The cmc values of mixed surfactant solutions were experimentally determined to calculate the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter between two surfactants, χ. When χ is larger than the critical value, χc, the phase separation would occur within the micellar phase, resulting in two types of mixed micelles with different surfactant compositions, and hence different sizes, which could be used as the dual-template to induce bimodal pores with different pore sizes. Therefore, the Flory-Huggins theory could be a theoretical basis to judge whether the mixed surfactants were the suitable templates for inducing hierarchical porous materials. We chose cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and n-octylamine (OA) as a testing system. The phase separation behavior of the mixed solutions as well as the successful synthesis of hierarchical porous materials by this dual-template indicated the feasibility of preparing hierarchical porous materials based on the concept of phase separation of the mixed micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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149
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Tian B, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Tang X. Theoretical Prediction of a Phase Diagram for Solid Dispersions. Pharm Res 2014; 32:840-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1500-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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150
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Duarte Í, Santos JL, Pinto JF, Temtem M. Screening methodologies for the development of spray-dried amorphous solid dispersions. Pharm Res 2014; 32:222-37. [PMID: 25135702 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1457-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To present a new screening methodology intended to be used in the early development of spray-dried amorphous solid dispersions. METHODS A model that combines thermodynamic, kinetic and manufacturing considerations was implemented to obtain estimates of the miscibility and phase behavior of different itraconazole-based solid dispersions. Additionally, a small-scale solvent casting protocol was developed to enable a fast assessment on the amorphous stability of the different drug-polymer systems. Then, solid dispersions at predefined drug loads were produced in a lab-scale spray dryer for powder characterization and comparison of the results generated by the model and solvent cast samples. RESULTS The results obtained with the model enabled the ranking of the polymers from a miscibility standpoint. Such ranking was consistent with the experimental data obtained by solvent casting and spray drying. Moreover, the range of optimal drug load determined by the model was as well consistent with the experimental results. CONCLUSIONS The screening methodology presented in this work showed that a set of amorphous formulation candidates can be assessed in a computer model, enabling not only the determination of the most suitable polymers, but also of the optimal drug load range to be tested in laboratory experiments. The set of formulation candidates can then be further fine-tuned with solvent casting experiments using a small amount of API, which will then provide the decision for the final candidate formulations to be assessed in spray drying experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Íris Duarte
- iMed - Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Lisbon, Faculty of Pharmacy, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
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