101
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Han Z, Feng X, Guo Z, Niu S, Ren L. Flourishing Bioinspired Antifogging Materials with Superwettability: Progresses and Challenges. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1704652. [PMID: 29441617 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Antifogging (AF) structure materials found in nature have great potential for enabling novel and emerging products and technologies to facilitate the daily life of human societies, attracting enormous research interests owing to their potential applications in display devices, traffics, agricultural greenhouse, food packaging, solar products, and other fields. The outstanding performance of biological AF surfaces encourages the rapid development and wide application of new AF materials. In fact, AF properties are inextricably associated with their surface superwettability. Generally, the superwettability of AF materials depends on a combination of their surface geometrical structures and surface chemical compositions. To explore their general design principles, recent progresses in the investigation of bioinspired AF materials are summarized herein. Recent developments of the mechanism, fabrication, and applications of bioinspired AF materials with superwettability are also a focus. This includes information on constructing superwetting AF materials based on designing the topographical structure and regulating the surface chemical composition. Finally, the remaining challenges and promising breakthroughs in this field are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwu Han
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shichao Niu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Luquan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, P. R. China
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102
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Bustillos J, Zhang C, Boesl B, Agarwal A. Three-Dimensional Graphene Foam-Polymer Composite with Superior Deicing Efficiency and Strength. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:5022-5029. [PMID: 29345899 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The adhesion of ice severely compromises the aerodynamic performance of aircrafts operating under critically low-temperature conditions to their surfaces. In this study, highly thermally and electrically conductive graphene foam (GrF) polymer composite is fabricated. GrF-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) deicing composite exhibits superior deicing efficiency of 477% and electrical conductivities of 500 S m-1 with only 0.1 vol % graphene foam addition as compared to other nanocarbon-based deicing systems. The three-dimensional interconnected architecture of GrF allows the effective deicing of surfaces by employing low power densities (0.2 W cm-2). Electrothermal stability of the GrF-PDMS composite was proven after enduring 100 cycles of the dc loading-unloading current. Moreover, multifunctional GrF-PDMS deicing composite provides simultaneous mechanical reinforcement by the effective transfer and absorption of loads resulting in a 23% and 18% increase in elastic modulus and tensile strength, respectively, as compared to pure PDMS. The enhanced efficiency of the GrF-PDMS deicing composite is a novel alternative to current high-power consumption deicing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenniffer Bustillos
- Plasma Forming Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University , Miami, Florida 33174, United States
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Plasma Forming Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University , Miami, Florida 33174, United States
| | - Benjamin Boesl
- Plasma Forming Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University , Miami, Florida 33174, United States
| | - Arvind Agarwal
- Plasma Forming Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University , Miami, Florida 33174, United States
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103
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Kang S, Lim K, Park H, Park JB, Park SC, Cho SP, Kang K, Hong BH. Roll-to-Roll Laser-Printed Graphene-Graphitic Carbon Electrodes for High-Performance Supercapacitors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:1033-1038. [PMID: 29200258 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon electrodes including graphene and thin graphite films have been utilized for various energy and sensor applications, where the patterning of electrodes is essentially included. Laser scribing in a DVD writer and inkjet printing were used to pattern the graphene-like materials, but the size and speed of fabrication has been limited for practical applications. In this work, we devise a simple strategy to use conventional laser-printer toner materials as precursors for graphitic carbon electrodes. The toner was laser-printed on metal foils, followed by thermal annealing in hydrogen environment, finally resulting in the patterned thin graphitic carbon or graphene electrodes for supercapacitors. The electrochemical cells made of the graphene-graphitic carbon electrodes show remarkably higher energy and power performance compared to conventional supercapacitors. Furthermore, considering the simplicity and scalability of roll-to-roll (R2R) electrode patterning processes, the proposed method would enable cheaper and larger-scale synthesis and patterning of graphene-graphitic carbon electrodes for various energy applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmin Kang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University , Seoul 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmi Lim
- Deparment of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeokjun Park
- Deparment of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bo Park
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University , Seoul 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Chae Park
- Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University , Suwon 433-270, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Pyo Cho
- National Centre for Inter-University Research Facilities, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kisuk Kang
- Deparment of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
- Centre for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hee Hong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University , Seoul 440-746, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University , Suwon 433-270, Republic of Korea
- Graphene Square Inc., Inter-University Semiconductor Research Centre, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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104
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Cao M, Wang M, Li L, Qiu H, Yang Z. Effect of Graphene-EC on Ag NW-Based Transparent Film Heaters: Optimizing the Stability and Heat Dispersion of Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:1077-1083. [PMID: 29232099 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To optimize the performance of silver nanowire (Ag NW) film heaters and explore the effect of graphene on a film, we introduced poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and graphene modified with ethyl cellulose (graphene-EC) into the film. The high-quality and well-dispersed graphene-EC was synthesized from graphene obtained by electrochemical exfoliation as a precursor. The transparent film heaters were fabricated via spin-coating. With the assistance of graphene-EC, the stability of film heaters was greatly improved, and the conductivity was optimized by adjusting the Ag NW concentration. The film heaters exhibited a fast and accurate response to voltage, accompanied by excellent environmental endurance, and there was no significant performance degradation after being operated for a long period of time. These results indicate that graphene-EC plays a crucial role in optimizing film stability and heat dispersion in the film. The Ag NW/PEDOT:PSS-doped graphene-EC film heaters show a great potential in low-cost indium-tin-oxide-free flexible transparent electrodes, heating systems, and transparent film heaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Cao
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Minqiang Wang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Le Li
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hengwei Qiu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
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105
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Cho KS, Kim HK. Transparent and flexible Sb-doped SnO2 films with a nanoscale AgTi alloyed interlayer for heat generation and shielding applications. RSC Adv 2018; 8:2599-2609. [PMID: 35541491 PMCID: PMC9077500 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12988b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Transparent and flexible Sb-doped SnO2 (ATO) films with a nanoscale AgTi alloyed interlayer were fabricated for use as plasma damage-free, indium-free, thermally stable electrodes for high performance heat generating films and shielding films in smart windows. The AgTi alloy-inserted ATO film on a PET substrate showed a low sheet resistance of 6.91 ohm per square and a high optical transmittance of 90.24% without thermal annealing or intentional substrate heating. Even after deformation using an outer bending radius of 4 mm, the ATO film with a AgTi interlayer showed a constant sheet resistance due to the mechanical robustness of the AgTi interlayer. Furthermore, the AgTi-inserted ATO film showed a constant resistance even after annealing at 500 °C, unlike the Ag-inserted ATO films. Furthermore, we demonstrated the feasibility of the AgTi-inserted ATO films as transparent heat generating films and shielding films for smart windows. The effective heat generation and shield performance of the ATO/Ag–Ti/ATO multilayer suggests that the multi-functional ATO/Ag–Ti/ATO films can be used to create energy-efficient smart windows for building energy management systems and automobiles. Transparent and flexible ATO films with a nanoscale AgTi alloyed interlayer were fabricated for high performance heat generating and shielding films in smart windows.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Su Cho
- Kyung Hee University
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics
- Yongin
- Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Ki Kim
- Kyung Hee University
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics
- Yongin
- Republic of Korea
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106
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Lee SM, Kim SH, Lee JH, Lee SJ, Kim HK. Hydrophobic and stretchable Ag nanowire network electrode passivated by a sputtered PTFE layer for self-cleaning transparent thin film heaters. RSC Adv 2018; 8:18508-18518. [PMID: 35541098 PMCID: PMC9080517 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00880a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated hydrophobic, flexible/stretchable, and transparent electrodes made up of Ag nanowire (NW) networks passivated by a sputtered polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer to produce self-cleaning transparent thin film heaters (TFHs). Using carbon nanotubes and a PTFE mixed conducting target, we successfully sputtered a transparent PTFE layer on the Ag NW network using mid-frequency magnetron sputtering. The hydrophobic surface of the PTFE/Ag NW electrodes led to water-repelling and self-cleaning transparent Ag NW electrodes, which are beneficial for transparent TFH-based smart windows. Furthermore, hydrophobic PTFE/Ag NW electrodes coated on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyurethane (PU) substrates showed outstanding flexibility and stretchability, respectively, due to the capping effect of the PTFE layer. Based on outer/inner bending and stretching test results, we demonstrated the superior mechanical properties of the PTFE/Ag NW electrode compared to a bare Ag NW electrode. Finally, we investigated the feasibility of the PTFE/Ag NW film coated on a PU substrate as a transparent and stretchable electrode for stretchable and self-cleaning transparent TFHs. The effective heat generation of the stretchable PTFE/Ag NW electrode indicates the potential for energy-efficient multi-functional PTFE/Ag NW-based TFHs attached to automobile windows. We demonstrated hydrophobic, flexible/stretchable, and transparent electrodes made up of Ag nanowire networks passivated by a sputtered polytetrafluoroethylene layer to produce self-cleaning transparent film heaters.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Mok Lee
- Kyung Hee University
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics
- Yongin-si
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Kim
- Chemical Materials Solutions Center
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Heung Lee
- Chemical Materials Solutions Center
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Chemical Materials Solutions Center
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Ki Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- Republic of Korea
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107
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Kim JY, Jin HM, Jeong SJ, Chang T, Kim BH, Cha SK, Kim JS, Shin DO, Choi JY, Kim JH, Yang GG, Jeon S, Lee YG, Kim KM, Shin J, Kim SO. Bimodal phase separated block copolymer/homopolymer blends self-assembly for hierarchical porous metal nanomesh electrodes. NANOSCALE 2017; 10:100-108. [PMID: 29210423 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07178g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) are essential components in various optoelectronic devices. Nanostructured metallic thin film is one of the promising candidates to complement current metal oxide films, such as ITO, where high cost rare earth elements have been a longstanding issue. Herein, we present that multiscale porous metal nanomesh thin films prepared by bimodal self-assembly of block copolymer (BCP)/homopolymer blends may offer a new opportunity for TCE. This hierarchical concurrent self-assembly consists of macrophase separation between BCP and homopolymer as well as microphase separation of BCP, and thus provides a straightforward spontaneous production of a highly porous multiscale pattern over an arbitrary large area. Employing a conventional pattern transfer process, we successfully demonstrated a multiscale highly porous metallic thin film with reasonable optical transparency, electro-conductance, and large-area uniformity, taking advantage of low loss light penetration through microscale pores and significant suppression of light reflection at the nanoporous structures. This well-defined controllable bimodal self-assembly can offer valuable opportunities for many different applications, including optoelectronics, energy harvesting, and membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Young Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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108
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Xu Y, Yu H, Wang C, Cao J, Chen Y, Ma Z, You Y, Wan J, Fang X, Chen X. Multilayer Graphene with Chemical Modification as Transparent Conducting Electrodes in Organic Light-Emitting Diode. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:254. [PMID: 28384996 PMCID: PMC5382119 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is a promising candidate for the replacement of the typical transparent electrode indium tin oxide in optoelectronic devices. Currently, the application of polycrystalline graphene films grown by chemical vapor deposition is limited for their low electrical conductivity due to the poor transfer technique. In this work, we developed a new method of preparing tri-layer graphene films with chemical modification and explored the influence of doping and patterning process on the performance of the graphene films as transparent electrodes. In order to demonstrate the application of the tri-layer graphene films in optoelectronics, we fabricated the organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on them and found that plasma etching is feasible with certain influence on the quality of the graphene films and the performance of the OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Thin Film Optoelectronic Technology Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Haojian Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Application, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Thin Film Optoelectronic Technology Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Application, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yigang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zhongquan Ma
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ying You
- Thin Film Optoelectronic Technology Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jixiang Wan
- Thin Film Optoelectronic Technology Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xiaohong Fang
- Thin Film Optoelectronic Technology Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Thin Film Optoelectronic Technology Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
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109
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Choi SJ, Choi HJ, Koo WT, Huh D, Lee H, Kim ID. Metal-Organic Framework-Templated PdO-Co 3O 4 Nanocubes Functionalized by SWCNTs: Improved NO 2 Reaction Kinetics on Flexible Heating Film. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:40593-40603. [PMID: 29083142 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Detection and control of air quality are major concerns in recent years for environmental monitoring and healthcare. In this work, we developed an integrated sensor architecture comprised of nanostructured composite sensing layers and a flexible heating substrate for portable and real-time detection of nitrogen dioxide (NO2). As sensing layers, PdO-infiltrated Co3O4 hollow nanocubes (PdO-Co3O4 HNCs) were prepared by calcination of Pd-embedded Co-based metal-organic framework polyhedron particles. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were functionalized with PdO-Co3O4 HNCs to control conductivity of sensing layers. As a flexible heating substrate, the Ni mesh electrode covered with a 40 nm thick Au layer (i.e., Ni(core)/Au(shell) mesh) was embedded in a colorless polyimide (cPI) film. As a result, SWCNT-functionalized PdO-Co3O4 HNCs sensor exhibited improved NO2 detection property at 100 °C, with high sensitivity (S) of 44.11% at 20 ppm and a low detection limit of 1 ppm. The accelerated reaction and recovery kinetics toward NO2 of SWCNT-functionalized PdO-Co3O4 HNCs were achieved by generating heat on the Ni(core)/Au(shell) mesh-embedded cPI substrate. The SWCNT-functionalized porous metal oxide sensing layers integrated on the mechanically stable Ni(core)/Au(shell) mesh heating substrate can be envisioned as an essential sensing platform for realization of low-temperature operation wearable chemical sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Jin Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Jong Choi
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University , Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Tae Koo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Daihong Huh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University , Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University , Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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110
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Moon IK, Yoon S, Lee HU, Kim SW, Oh J. Three-Dimensional Flexible All-Organic Conductors for Multifunctional Wearable Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:40580-40592. [PMID: 29067808 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Wearable textile electrodes based on π-conjugated polymers are appealing alternatives to carbon fabrics, conductive yarns, or metal wires because of their design flexibility, low cost, flexibility, and high throughput. This provides the benefits of both electronics and textiles. Herein, a general and new method has been developed to produce tailorable, wearable energy devices that are based on three-dimensional (3D) poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-coated textile conductors. To obtain the desired electrode materials, both facile solution-dropping polymerization methods are used to fabricate a 3D flexible PEDOT conductor on a cotton textile (PEDOT/textile). PEDOT/textile shows a very low sheet resistance of 4.6-4.9 Ω·sq-1. Here, we employ the example of this 3D network-like structure and the excellent electrical conductivities under the large deformation of PEDOT/textiles to show that wearable and portable heaters have immense potential. A flexible textile heater with a large area (8 × 7.8 cm2) reached a saturation temperature of ∼83.9 °C when a bias of 7 V was applied for ∼70 s due to the good electrical conductivity of PEDOT. To demonstrate the performance of all-solid-state supercapacitors, nano-ascidian-like PEDOT (PEDOT-NA) arrays were prepared via a simple vapor-phase polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene on PEDOT/textile to increase both the surface area and the number of ion diffusion paths. The PEDOT-NA arrays on PEDOT/textile showed outstanding performance with an areal capacitance of 563.3 mF·cm-2 at 0.4 mA·cm-2 and extraordinary mechanical flexibility. The maximum volumetric power density and energy density of the nanostructured PEDOT on the textile were 1.75 W·cm-3 and 0.0812 Wh·cm-3, respectively. It is expected that the wearable nanostructured conducting polymers will have advantages when used as structures for smart textronics and energy conversion/storage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hee Uk Lee
- Development of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Wook Kim
- Development of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea
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111
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Zhang TY, Zhao HM, Wang DY, Wang Q, Pang Y, Deng NQ, Cao HW, Yang Y, Ren TL. A super flexible and custom-shaped graphene heater. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:14357-14363. [PMID: 28726939 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02219k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we fabricate a graphene film heater through laser reduction on graphene oxide, which is a two-step process. The electrothermal performance of the graphene heater can be adjusted by the laser energy density. While the applied voltage is 18 V, the graphene heater reaches a steady-state temperature of 247.3 °C within 20 s. After the graphene heater is folded in half 100 times, its output temperature remains to be precisely controlled by the input power and the temperature distribution is uniform. In addition, the flexibility of the graphene heater is superior to a heater based on a commercial indium tin oxide film. It's worth noting that the graphene heater can be fabricated with desired shapes directly and easily, which is rare among the reported film heaters. In consideration of the high performance of the graphene film heater, we demonstrate its three application scenarios: portable warmers applied in medical infusion apparatus, flexible custom-shaped heaters for special requirements and displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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112
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Effect of Graphene Coating on the Heat Transfer Performance of a Composite Anti-/Deicing Component. COATINGS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings7100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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113
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Gueye MN, Carella A, Demadrille R, Simonato JP. All-Polymeric Flexible Transparent Heaters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:27250-27256. [PMID: 28748693 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
All-polymeric flexible transparent heaters (THs) are demonstrated for the first time. Thin films of four poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-based materials embedding different dopants exhibit low sheet resistances, down to 57 Ω sq-1 associated with good transparencies (>87%) and a haze lower than 1%. These transparent thin films show excellent heating properties, with high heating rates (up to 1.6 °C s-1) and steady-state temperatures exceeding 100 °C when subjected to 12 V bias. Very high areal power densities were also measured, reaching almost 10 000 W m-2. The temperature increase is finely fitted to a thermal model. It is further demonstrated that these new THs can be efficiently integrated for applications in thermochromic displays and visor deicers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magatte N Gueye
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Liten, DTNM, SEN, LSIN , F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SYMMES , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Alexandre Carella
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Liten, DTNM, SEN, LSIN , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Renaud Demadrille
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SYMMES , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Simonato
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Liten, DTNM, SEN, LSIN , F-38000 Grenoble, France
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114
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Lee S, Jo I, Kang S, Jang B, Moon J, Park JB, Lee S, Rho S, Kim Y, Hong BH. Smart Contact Lenses with Graphene Coating for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Dehydration Protection. ACS NANO 2017; 11:5318-5324. [PMID: 28199121 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recently, smart contact lenses with electronic circuits have been proposed for various sensor and display applications where the use of flexible and biologically stable electrode materials is essential. Graphene is an atomically thin carbon material with a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice that shows outstanding electrical and mechanical properties as well as excellent biocompatibility. In addition, graphene is capable of protecting eyes from electromagnectic (EM) waves that may cause eye diseases such as cataracts. Here, we report a graphene-based highly conducting contact lens platform that reduces the exposure to EM waves and dehydration. The sheet resistance of the graphene on the contact lens is as low as 593 Ω/sq (±9.3%), which persists in an wet environment. The EM wave shielding function of the graphene-coated contact lens was tested on egg whites exposed to strong EM waves inside a microwave oven. The results show that the EM energy is absorbed by graphene and dissipated in the form of thermal radiation so that the damage on the egg whites can be minimized. We also demonstrated the enhanced dehydration protection effect of the graphene-coated lens by monitoring the change in water evaporation rate from the vial capped with the contact lens. Thus, we believe that the graphene-coated contact lens would provide a healthcare and bionic platform for wearable technologies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangkyu Lee
- Graphene Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology & Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University , Gwanakro-1, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Materials & Production Engineering Research Institute, LG Electronics , LGro-222, Pyeongtaek 451-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Insu Jo
- Graphene Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology & Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University , Gwanakro-1, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Kang
- Graphene Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology & Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University , Gwanakro-1, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongchul Jang
- Materials & Production Engineering Research Institute, LG Electronics , LGro-222, Pyeongtaek 451-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhee Moon
- Advanced Nano-Surface Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute , 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bo Park
- Graphene Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology & Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University , Gwanakro-1, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soochang Lee
- Interojo, Inc., 28 & 25 Sandan-ro 15, Pyeongtaek 17744, Republic of Korea
| | - Sichul Rho
- Interojo, Inc., 28 & 25 Sandan-ro 15, Pyeongtaek 17744, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Graphene Square, Inc., Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hee Hong
- Graphene Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology & Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University , Gwanakro-1, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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115
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Jang NS, Kim KH, Ha SH, Jung SH, Lee HM, Kim JM. Simple Approach to High-Performance Stretchable Heaters Based on Kirigami Patterning of Conductive Paper for Wearable Thermotherapy Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:19612-19621. [PMID: 28534393 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent efforts to develop stretchable resistive heaters open up the possibility for their use in wearable thermotherapy applications. Such heaters should have high electrothermal performance and stability to be used practically, and the fabrication must be simple, economic, reproducible, and scalable. Here we present a simple yet highly efficient way of producing high-performance stretchable heaters, which is based on a facile kirigami pattering (the art of cutting and folding paper) of a highly conductive paper for practical wearable thermotherapy. The resulting kirigami heater exhibits high heating performance at low voltage (>40 °C at 1.2 V) and fast thermal response (<60 s). The simple kirigami patterning approach enables the heater to be extremely stretchable (>400%) while stably retaining its excellent performance. Furthermore, the heater shows the uniform spatial distribution of heat over the whole heating area and is highly durable (1000 cycles at 300% strain). The heater attached to curvilinear body parts shows stable heating performance even under large motions while maintaining intimate conformal contact with the skin thanks to the high stretchability and sufficient restoring force. The usability of the heater as a wearable thermotherapy device is demonstrated by increased blood flow at the wrist during operation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Soo-Ho Jung
- Powder & Ceramics Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science , Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Moon Lee
- Powder & Ceramics Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science , Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea
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116
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Yao S, Cui J, Cui Z, Zhu Y. Soft electrothermal actuators using silver nanowire heaters. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:3797-3805. [PMID: 28134386 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr09270e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Low-voltage and extremely flexible electrothermal bimorph actuators were fabricated in a simple, efficient and scalable process. The bimorph actuators were made of flexible silver nanowire (AgNW) based heaters, which exhibited a fast heating rate of 18 °C s-1 and stable heating performance with large bending. The actuators offered the largest bending angle (720°) or curvature (2.6 cm-1) at a very low actuation voltage (0.2 V sq-1 or 4.5 V) among all types of bimorph actuators that have been reported to date. The actuators can be designed and fabricated in different configurations that can achieve complex patterns and shapes upon actuation. Two applications of this type of soft actuators were demonstrated towards biomimetic robotics - a crawling robot that can walk spontaneously on ratchet surfaces and a soft gripper that is capable of manipulating lightweight and delicate objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Jianxun Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Zheng Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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117
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Screen-Printed Fabrication of PEDOT:PSS/Silver Nanowire Composite Films for Transparent Heaters. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10030220. [PMID: 28772578 PMCID: PMC5503381 DOI: 10.3390/ma10030220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A transparent and flexible film heater was fabricated; based on a hybrid structure of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and silver nanowires (Ag NWs) using a screen printing; which is a scalable production technology. The resulting film integrates the advantages of the two conductive materials; easy film-forming and strong adhesion to the substrate of the polymer PEDOT:PSS; and high conductivity of the Ag NWs. The fabricated composite films with different NW densities exhibited the transmittance within the range from 82.3% to 74.1% at 550 nm. By applying 40 V potential on the films; a stable temperature from 49 °C to 99 °C was generated within 30 s to 50 s. However; the surface temperature of the pristine PEDOT:PSS film did not increase compared to the room temperature. The composite film with the transmittance of 74.1% could be heated to the temperatures from 41 °C to 99 °C at the driven voltages from 15 V to 40 V; indicating that the film heater exhibited uniform heating and rapid thermal response. Therefore; the PEDOT:PSS/Ag NW composite film is a promising candidate for the application of the transparent and large-scale film heaters.
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118
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Slow-light-enhanced energy efficiency for graphene microheaters on silicon photonic crystal waveguides. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14411. [PMID: 28181531 PMCID: PMC5309776 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow light has been widely utilized to obtain enhanced nonlinearities, enhanced spontaneous emissions and increased phase shifts owing to its ability to promote light–matter interactions. By incorporating a graphene on a slow-light silicon photonic crystal waveguide, here we experimentally demonstrate an energy-efficient graphene microheater with a tuning efficiency of 1.07 nmmW−1 and power consumption per free spectral range of 3.99 mW. The rise and decay times (10–90%) are only 750 and 525 ns, which, to the best of our knowledge, are the fastest reported response times for microheaters in silicon photonics. The corresponding figure of merit of the device is 2.543 nW s, one order of magnitude better than results reported in previous studies. The influence of the length and shape of the graphene heater to the tuning efficiency is further investigated, providing valuable guidelines for enhancing the tuning efficiency of the graphene microheater. Slow light can be used to sustain strong light–matter interaction in silicon photonics. Here, the authors combine graphene with a silicon slow-light photonic crystal waveguide, demonstrating a fast and energy-efficient graphene microheater.
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119
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Lordan D, Burke M, Manning M, Martin A, Amann A, O'Connell D, Murphy R, Lyons C, Quinn AJ. Asymmetric Pentagonal Metal Meshes for Flexible Transparent Electrodes and Heaters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:4932-4940. [PMID: 28080027 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Metal meshes have emerged as an important class of flexible transparent electrodes. We report on the characteristics of a new class of asymmetric meshes, tiled using a recently discovered family of pentagons. Micron-scale meshes were fabricated on flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrates via optical lithography, metal evaporation (Ti 10 nm, Pt 50 nm), and lift-off. Three different designs were assessed, each with the same tessellation pattern and line width (5 μm), but with different sizes of the fundamental pentagonal unit. Good mechanical stability was observed for both tensile strain and compressive strain. After 1000 bending cycles, devices subjected to tensile strain showed fractional resistance increases in the range of 8-17%, while devices subjected to compressive strain showed fractional resistance increases in the range of 0-7%. The performance of the pentagonal metal mesh devices as visible transparent heaters via Joule heating was also assessed. Rapid response times (∼15 s) at low bias voltage (≤5 V) and good thermal resistance characteristics (213-258 °C cm2/W) were found using measured thermal imaging data. Deicing of an ice-bearing glass coupon on top of the transparent heater was also successfully demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lordan
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork , Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland
| | - Micheal Burke
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork , Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mary Manning
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork , Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alfonso Martin
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork , Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland
| | - Andreas Amann
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork , Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland
| | - Dan O'Connell
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork , Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland
| | - Richard Murphy
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork , Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Lyons
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork , Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aidan J Quinn
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork , Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland
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120
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La Notte L, Villari E, Palma AL, Sacchetti A, Michela Giangregorio M, Bruno G, Di Carlo A, Bianco GV, Reale A. Laser-patterned functionalized CVD-graphene as highly transparent conductive electrodes for polymer solar cells. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:62-69. [PMID: 27906382 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06156g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A five-layer (5L) graphene on a glass substrate has been demonstrated as a transparent conductive electrode to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) in organic photovoltaic devices. The required low sheet resistance, while maintaining high transparency, and the need of a wettable surface are the main issues. To overcome these, two strategies have been applied: (i) the p-doping of the multilayer graphene, thus reaching 25 Ω□-1 or (ii) the O2-plasma oxidation of the last layer of the 5L graphene that results in a contact angle of 58° and a sheet resistance of 134 Ω□-1. A Nd:YVO4 laser patterning has been implemented to realize the desired layout of graphene through an easy and scalable way. Inverted Polymer Solar Cells (PSCs) have been fabricated onto the patterned and modified graphene. The use of PEDOT:PSS has facilitated the deposition of the electron transport layer and a non-chlorinated solvent (ortho-xylene) has been used in the processing of the active layer. It has been found that the two distinct functionalization strategies of graphene have beneficial effects on the overall performance of the devices, leading to an efficiency of 4.2%. Notably, this performance has been achieved with an active area of 10 mm2, the largest area reported in the literature for graphene-based inverted PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca La Notte
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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121
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Cheng C, Ke KC, Yang SY. Application of graphene–polymer composite heaters in gas-assisted micro hot embossing. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27618k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports a novel hot embossing technique using rapid heating and uniform pressure for replication of microstructures on polymeric substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cih Cheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 106
- Taiwan
| | - Kun-Cheng Ke
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 106
- Taiwan
| | - Sen-Yeu Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 106
- Taiwan
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122
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Cho KS, Kim E, Kim DW, Kim HK. Highly flexible and semi-transparent Ag–Cu alloy electrodes for high performance flexible thin film heaters. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08480c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the properties of thermally evaporated Ag–Cu films for application as flexible and semi-transparent electrodes for semi-transparent flexible thin film heaters (TFHs) and heat shielding films (HSFs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Su Cho
- Kyung Hee University
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics
- Yongin
- Republic of Korea
| | - Eunah Kim
- Department of Physics
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 120-750
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Physics
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 120-750
- Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Ki Kim
- Kyung Hee University
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics
- Yongin
- Republic of Korea
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123
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Lin SY, Zhang TY, Lu Q, Wang DY, Yang Y, Wu XM, Ren TL. High-performance graphene-based flexible heater for wearable applications. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03181e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A graphene-based flexible heater with low driving voltage and ultrafast response time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yu Lin
- Institute of Microelectronics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Tian-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Microelectronics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList)
| | - Qi Lu
- Institute of Microelectronics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList)
| | - Dan-Yang Wang
- Institute of Microelectronics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList)
| | - Yi Yang
- Institute of Microelectronics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList)
| | - Xiao-Ming Wu
- Institute of Microelectronics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList)
| | - Tian-Ling Ren
- Institute of Microelectronics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList)
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124
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Cheng Y, Zhang H, Wang R, Wang X, Zhai H, Wang T, Jin Q, Sun J. Highly Stretchable and Conductive Copper Nanowire Based Fibers with Hierarchical Structure for Wearable Heaters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:32925-32933. [PMID: 27654006 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Wearable heaters have been increasingly attracting researchers' great interest due to their efficient utility in maintaining warmth and in thermotherapy. Nowadays carbon nanomaterials and metallic nanowires tend to become the mainstream heating elements in wearable heaters considering their excellent electrical and mechanical properties. Though considerable progress has been made, there still exist challenging issues that need to be addressed in practical applications, including bad breathability and poor endurance to mechanical deformations. Here, we devise a copper nanowire based composite fiber with a unique hierarchical structure. This fiber possesses not only excellent heating performance, but also fantastic tolerance to mechanical impact, such as bending, twisting, and stretching. We further weave these fibers into a wearable heating fabric and realize smart personal heating management through an Android phone by integrating with a microcontroller unit. Two practical applications are demonstrated including a heating kneepad for articular thermotherapy and a heating coat on an infant model for maintaining warmth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics and ‡State Key Laboratory of Transducers Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hange Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics and ‡State Key Laboratory of Transducers Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Ranran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics and ‡State Key Laboratory of Transducers Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics and ‡State Key Laboratory of Transducers Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Haitao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics and ‡State Key Laboratory of Transducers Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics and ‡State Key Laboratory of Transducers Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Qinghui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics and ‡State Key Laboratory of Transducers Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics and ‡State Key Laboratory of Transducers Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, China
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125
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Zhang Q, Tan L, Chen Y, Zhang T, Wang W, Liu Z, Fu L. Human-Like Sensing and Reflexes of Graphene-Based Films. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2016; 3:1600130. [PMID: 27981005 PMCID: PMC5157176 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Humans have numerous senses, wherein vision, hearing, smell, taste, and touch are considered as the five conventionally acknowledged senses. Triggered by light, sound, or other physical stimulations, the sensory organs of human body are excited, leading to the transformation of the afferent energy into neural activity. Also converting other signals into electronical signals, graphene-based film shows its inherent advantages in responding to the tiny stimulations. In this review, the human-like senses and reflexes of graphene-based films are presented. The review starts with the brief discussions about the preparation and optimization of graphene-based film, as where as its new progress in synthesis method, transfer operation, film-formation technologies and optimization techniques. Various human-like senses of graphene-based film and their recent advancements are then summarized, including light-sensitive devices, acoustic devices, gas sensors, biomolecules and wearable devices. Similar to the reflex action of humans, graphene-based film also exhibits reflex when under thermal radiation and light actuation. Finally, the current challenges associated with human-like applications are discussed to help guide the future research on graphene films. At last, the future opportunities lie in the new applicable human-like senses and the integration of multiple senses that can raise a revolution in bionic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular ScienceWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Lifang Tan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular ScienceWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Yunxu Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular ScienceWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular ScienceWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular ScienceWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for NanochemistryCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Lei Fu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular ScienceWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
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126
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Li Z, Xu Z, Liu Y, Wang R, Gao C. Multifunctional non-woven fabrics of interfused graphene fibres. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13684. [PMID: 27901022 PMCID: PMC5141476 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon-based fibres hold promise for preparing multifunctional fabrics with electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, permeability, flexibility and lightweight. However, these fabrics are of limited performance mainly because of the weak interaction between fibres. Here we report non-woven graphene fibre fabrics composed of randomly oriented and interfused graphene fibres with strong interfibre bonding. The all-graphene fabrics obtained through a wet-fusing assembly approach are porous and lightweight, showing high in-plane electrical conductivity up to ∼2.8 × 104 S m−1 and prominent thermal conductivity of ∼301.5 W m−1 K−1. Given the low density (0.22 g cm−3), their specific electrical and thermal conductivities set new records for carbon-based papers/fabrics and even surpass those of individual graphene fibres. The as-prepared fabrics are further used as ultrafast responding electrothermal heaters and durable oil-adsorbing felts, demonstrating their great potential as high-performance and multifunctional fabrics in real-world applications. Carbon-based fibres are at the core of electrically conductive multifunctional fabrics, yet improving the weak interaction between fibres remains a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate an assembly method where graphene fibres are fused at junctions with record specific electrical and thermal conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials &Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials &Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yingjun Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials &Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ran Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials &Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chao Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials &Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
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127
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Kim HY, Lee JW, Oh HM, Baeg KJ, Jung S, Yang HS, Lee W, Hwang JY, Kim KS, Jeong SY, Han JT, Jeong MS, Lee GW, Jeong HJ. Ultrafast Heating for Intrinsic Properties of Atomically Thin Two-Dimensional Materials on Plastic Substrates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:31222-31230. [PMID: 27778509 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent progress in producing flexible and stretchable electronics based on two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets, their intrinsic properties are often degraded by the presence of polymeric residues that remain attached to the 2D nanosheet surfaces following fabrication. Further breakthroughs are therefore keenly awaited to obtain clean surfaces compatible with flexible applications. Here, we report a method that allows the 2D nanosheets to be intrinsically integrated onto flexible substrates. The method involves thermal decomposition of polymeric residues by microwave-induced ultrafast heating of the surface without affecting the underlying flexible substrate. Mapping the C═O stretching mode by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in combination with atomic force microscopy confirms elimination of the polymeric residues from the 2D nanosheet surface. Flexible devices prepared using microwave-cleaned 2D nanosheets show enhanced electrical, optical, and electrothermal performances. This simple technique is applicable to a wide range of 2D nanomaterials and represents an important advance in the field of flexible devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Young Kim
- Nano Carbon Materials Research Group, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute , Changwon 641-120, Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- Nano Carbon Materials Research Group, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute , Changwon 641-120, Korea
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University , Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Hye Min Oh
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Kang-Jun Baeg
- Nano Carbon Materials Research Group, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute , Changwon 641-120, Korea
| | - Sunshin Jung
- Nano Carbon Materials Research Group, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute , Changwon 641-120, Korea
| | - Ho-Soon Yang
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University , Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Wonki Lee
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Jeonbuk 565-905, Korea
| | - Jun Yeon Hwang
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Jeonbuk 565-905, Korea
| | - Keun Soo Kim
- Department of Physics and Graphene Research Institute, Sejong University , Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Seung Yol Jeong
- Nano Carbon Materials Research Group, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute , Changwon 641-120, Korea
| | - Joong Tark Han
- Nano Carbon Materials Research Group, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute , Changwon 641-120, Korea
| | - Mun Seok Jeong
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Geon-Woong Lee
- Nano Carbon Materials Research Group, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute , Changwon 641-120, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jeong
- Nano Carbon Materials Research Group, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute , Changwon 641-120, Korea
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128
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Ke S, Chen C, Fu N, Zhou H, Ye M, Lin P, Yuan W, Zeng X, Chen L, Huang H. Transparent Indium Tin Oxide Electrodes on Muscovite Mica for High-Temperature-Processed Flexible Optoelectronic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:28406-28411. [PMID: 27726330 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO) electrodes were deposited on transparent and flexible muscovite mica. The use of mica substrate makes a high-temperature annealing process (up to 500 °C) possible. ITO/mica retains its low electric resistivity even after continuous bending of 1000 times on account of the unique layered structure of mica. When used as a transparent flexible heater, ITO/mica shows an extremely fast ramping (<15 s) up to a high temperature of over 438 °C. When used as a transparent electrode, ITO/mica permits a high-temperature annealing (450 °C) approach to fabricate flexible perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanming Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | | | - Nianqing Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lang Chen
- Department of Physics, South University of Science and Technology of China , Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Haitao Huang
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
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129
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Khan A, Lee S, Jang T, Xiong Z, Zhang C, Tang J, Guo LJ, Li WD. High-Performance Flexible Transparent Electrode with an Embedded Metal Mesh Fabricated by Cost-Effective Solution Process. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:3021-3030. [PMID: 27027390 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201600309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A new structure of flexible transparent electrodes is reported, featuring a metal mesh fully embedded and mechanically anchored in a flexible substrate, and a cost-effective solution-based fabrication strategy for this new transparent electrode. The embedded nature of the metal-mesh electrodes provides a series of advantages, including surface smoothness that is crucial for device fabrication, mechanical stability under high bending stress, strong adhesion to the substrate with excellent flexibility, and favorable resistance against moisture, oxygen, and chemicals. The novel fabrication process replaces vacuum-based metal deposition with an electrodeposition process and is potentially suitable for high-throughput, large-volume, and low-cost production. In particular, this strategy enables fabrication of a high-aspect-ratio (thickness to linewidth) metal mesh, substantially improving conductivity without considerably sacrificing transparency. Various prototype flexible transparent electrodes are demonstrated with transmittance higher than 90% and sheet resistance below 1 ohm sq(-1) , as well as extremely high figures of merit up to 1.5 × 10(4) , which are among the highest reported values in recent studies. Finally using our embedded metal-mesh electrode, a flexible transparent thin-film heater is demonstrated with a low power density requirement, rapid response time, and a low operating voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sangeon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Taehee Jang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ze Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- HKU-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinyao Tang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - L Jay Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Wen-Di Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- HKU-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Shenzhen, China
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130
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Gupta R, Rao KDM, Kiruthika S, Kulkarni GU. Visibly Transparent Heaters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:12559-75. [PMID: 27176472 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Heater plates or sheets that are visibly transparent have many interesting applications in optoelectronic devices such as displays, as well as in defrosting, defogging, gas sensing and point-of-care disposable devices. In recent years, there have been many advances in this area with the advent of next generation transparent conducting electrodes (TCE) based on a wide range of materials such as oxide nanoparticles, CNTs, graphene, metal nanowires, metal meshes and their hybrids. The challenge has been to obtain uniform and stable temperature distribution over large areas, fast heating and cooling rates at low enough input power yet not sacrificing the visible transmittance. This review provides topical coverage of this important research field paying due attention to all the issues mentioned above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur , Jodhpur 342011, Rajasthan, India
| | - K D M Rao
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences , Jalahalli, Bangalore 560013, India
| | - S Kiruthika
- Chemistry & Physics of Materials Unit and Thematic Unit of Excellence in Nanochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Giridhar U Kulkarni
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences , Jalahalli, Bangalore 560013, India
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131
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Yao Y, Fu KK, Yan C, Dai J, Chen Y, Wang Y, Zhang B, Hitz E, Hu L. Three-Dimensional Printable High-Temperature and High-Rate Heaters. ACS NANO 2016; 10:5272-9. [PMID: 27152732 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
High temperature heaters are ubiquitously used in materials synthesis and device processing. In this work, we developed three-dimensional (3D) printed reduced graphene oxide (RGO)-based heaters to function as high-performance thermal supply with high temperature and ultrafast heating rate. Compared with other heating sources, such as furnace, laser, and infrared radiation, the 3D printed heaters demonstrated in this work have the following distinct advantages: (1) the RGO based heater can operate at high temperature up to 3000 K because of using the high temperature-sustainable carbon material; (2) the heater temperature can be ramped up and down with extremely fast rates, up to ∼20 000 K/second; (3) heaters with different shapes can be directly printed with small sizes and onto different substrates to enable heating anywhere. The 3D printable RGO heaters can be applied to a wide range of nanomanufacturing when precise temperature control in time, placement, and the ramping rate are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Kun Kelvin Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Chaoyi Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jiaqi Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yanan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yibo Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Bilun Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Emily Hitz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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132
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Levchenko I, Ostrikov KK, Zheng J, Li X, Keidar M, B K Teo K. Scalable graphene production: perspectives and challenges of plasma applications. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:10511-10527. [PMID: 26837802 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06537b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Graphene, a newly discovered and extensively investigated material, has many unique and extraordinary properties which promise major technological advances in fields ranging from electronics to mechanical engineering and food production. Unfortunately, complex techniques and high production costs hinder commonplace applications. Scaling of existing graphene production techniques to the industrial level without compromising its properties is a current challenge. This article focuses on the perspectives and challenges of scalability, equipment, and technological perspectives of the plasma-based techniques which offer many unique possibilities for the synthesis of graphene and graphene-containing products. The plasma-based processes are amenable for scaling and could also be useful to enhance the controllability of the conventional chemical vapour deposition method and some other techniques, and to ensure a good quality of the produced graphene. We examine the unique features of the plasma-enhanced graphene production approaches, including the techniques based on inductively-coupled and arc discharges, in the context of their potential scaling to mass production following the generic scaling approaches applicable to the existing processes and systems. This work analyses a large amount of the recent literature on graphene production by various techniques and summarizes the results in a tabular form to provide a simple and convenient comparison of several available techniques. Our analysis reveals a significant potential of scalability for plasma-based technologies, based on the scaling-related process characteristics. Among other processes, a greater yield of 1 g × h(-1) m(-2) was reached for the arc discharge technology, whereas the other plasma-based techniques show process yields comparable to the neutral-gas based methods. Selected plasma-based techniques show lower energy consumption than in thermal CVD processes, and the ability to produce graphene flakes of various sizes reaching hundreds of square millimetres, and the thickness varying from a monolayer to 10-20 layers. Additional factors such as electrical voltage and current, not available in thermal CVD processes could potentially lead to better scalability, flexibility and control of the plasma-based processes. Advantages and disadvantages of various systems are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Levchenko
- School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.
| | - Kostya Ken Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia. and Joint CSIRO - QUT Sustainable Materials and Devices Laboratory, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, New South Wales 2070, Australia. and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xingguo Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Michael Keidar
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Kenneth B K Teo
- AIXTRON Nanoinstruments, Buckingway Business Park, Swavesey, Cambridge CB24 4FQ, UK
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133
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Zheng Z, Jin J, Xu GK, Zou J, Wais U, Beckett A, Heil T, Higgins S, Guan L, Wang Y, Shchukin D. Highly Stable and Conductive Microcapsules for Enhancement of Joule Heating Performance. ACS NANO 2016; 10:4695-4703. [PMID: 27002594 PMCID: PMC4850502 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarbons show great promise for establishing the next generation of Joule heating systems, but suffer from the limited maximum temperature due to precociously convective heat dissipation from electrothermal system to surrounding environment. Here we introduce a strategy to eliminate such convective heat transfer by inserting highly stable and conductive microcapsules into the electrothermal structures. The microcapsule is composed of encapsulated long-chain alkanes and graphene oxide/carbon nanotube hybrids as core and shell material, respectively. Multiform carbon nanotubes in the microspheres stabilize the capsule shell to resist volume-change-induced rupture during repeated heating/cooling process, and meanwhile enhance the thermal conductance of encapsulated alkanes which facilitates an expeditious heat exchange. The resulting microcapsules can be homogeneously incorporated in the nanocarbon-based electrothermal structures. At a dopant of 5%, the working temperature can be enhanced by 30% even at a low voltage and moderate temperature, which indicates a great value in daily household applications. Therefore, the stable and conductive microcapsule may serve as a versatile and valuable dopant for varieties of heat generation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoliang Zheng
- Stephenson Institute
for Renewable Energy and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Jidong Jin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Guang-Kui Xu
- International Center for Applied Mechanics,
State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Jianli Zou
- Stephenson Institute
for Renewable Energy and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrike Wais
- Stephenson Institute
for Renewable Energy and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Beckett
- EM Unit, Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Heil
- Nanoinvestigation Centre at Liverpool, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Higgins
- Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Lunhui Guan
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ying Wang
- International Center for Applied Mechanics,
State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Dmitry Shchukin
- Stephenson Institute
for Renewable Energy and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
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134
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Schall D, Mohsin M, Sagade AA, Otto M, Chmielak B, Suckow S, Giesecke AL, Neumaier D, Kurz H. Infrared transparent graphene heater for silicon photonic integrated circuits. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:7871-7878. [PMID: 27137229 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.007871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Thermo-optical tuning of the refractive index is one of the pivotal operations performed in integrated silicon photonic circuits for thermal stabilization, compensation of fabrication tolerances, and implementation of photonic operations. Currently, heaters based on metal wires provide the temperature control in the silicon waveguide. The strong interaction of metal and light, however, necessitates a certain gap between the heater and the photonic structure to avoid significant transmission loss. Here we present a graphene heater that overcomes this constraint and enables an energy efficient tuning of the refractive index. We achieve a tuning power as low as 22 mW per free spectral range and fast response time of 3 µs, outperforming metal based waveguide heaters. Simulations support the experimental results and suggest that for graphene heaters the spacing to the silicon can be further reduced yielding the best possible energy efficiency and operation speed.
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135
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Facile fabrication of properties-controllable graphene sheet. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24525. [PMID: 27080164 PMCID: PMC4832197 DOI: 10.1038/srep24525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene has been received a considerable amount of attention as a transparent conducting electrode (TCE) which may be able to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) to overcome the significant weakness of the poor flexibility of ITO. Given that graphene is the thinnest 2-dimensional (2D) material known, it shows extremely high flexibility, and its lateral periodic honeycomb structure of sp2-bonded carbon atoms enables ~2.3% of incident light absorption per layer. However, there is a trade-off between the electrical resistance and the optical transmittance, and the fixed absorption rate in graphene limits is use when fabricating devices. Therefore, a more efficient method which continuously controls the optical and electrical properties of graphene is needed. Here, we introduce a method which controls the optical transmittance and the electrical resistance of graphene through various thicknesses of the top Cu layers with a Cu/Ni metal catalyst structure used to fabricate a planar mesh pattern of single and multi-layer graphene. We exhibit a continuous transmittance change from 85% (MLG) to 97.6% (SLG) at an incident light wavelength of 550 nm on graphene samples simultaneously grown in a CVD quartz tube. We also investigate the relationships between the sheet resistances.
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136
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Song HS, Kwon OS, Kim JH, Conde J, Artzi N. 3D hydrogel scaffold doped with 2D graphene materials for biosensors and bioelectronics. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 89:187-200. [PMID: 27020065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels consisting of three-dimensional (3D) polymeric networks have found a wide range of applications in biotechnology due to their large water capacity, high biocompatibility, and facile functional versatility. The hydrogels with stimulus-responsive swelling properties have been particularly instrumental to realizing signal transduction in biosensors and bioelectronics. Graphenes are two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with unprecedented physical, optical, and electronic properties and have also found many applications in biosensors and bioelectronics. These two classes of materials present complementary strengths and limitations which, when effectively coupled, can result in significant synergism in their electrical, mechanical, and biocompatible properties. This report reviews recent advances made with hydrogel and graphene materials for the development of high-performance bioelectronics devices. The report focuses on the interesting intersection of these materials wherein 2D graphenes are hybridized with 3D hydrogels to develop the next generation biosensors and bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Seok Song
- Korea Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Yuseong, Daejeon 169-148, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Seok Kwon
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - João Conde
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA; School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Natalie Artzi
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Biomedical Engineering Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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137
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Kim AY, Kim MK, Hudaya C, Park JH, Byun D, Lim JC, Lee JK. Oxidation-resistant hybrid metal oxides/metal nanodots/silver nanowires for high performance flexible transparent heaters. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:3307-3313. [PMID: 26515282 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr05794a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite its excellent optical, electrical, mechanical, and thermal performances, a silver nanowire (AgNW)-based transparent conducting heater (TCH) still demonstrates several drawbacks such as facile nanowire breakdown on application of a high DC voltage, easy oxidation when exposed to harsh environments, leading to increased surface resistivity, and high resistance among wire junctions causing nonhomogeneous temperature profiles. To overcome these issues, the AgNW was hybridized with other transparent heating materials made of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) thin films and NiCr nanodots (FTO/NiCr/AgNW). The dispersed NiCr nanodots (∼50 nm) and FTO thin films (∼20 nm) electrically bridge the nanowire junctions leading to a decreased sheet resistance and uniform temperature profiles. The hybrid transparent heater shows excellent optical transmittance (>90%) and high saturation temperature (162 °C) at low applied DC voltage (6 V). Moreover, the FTO/NiCr/AgNW heater exhibits a stable sheet resistance in a hostile environment, hence highlighting the excellent oxidation-resistance of the heating materials. These results indicate that the proposed hybrid transparent heaters could be a promising approach to combat the inherent problems associated with AgNW-based transparent heaters for various functional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Young Kim
- Center for Energy Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea. and Department of Material Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam dong 5 ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyu Kim
- Center for Energy Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea. and Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Phil dong 3-26, Joong-gu, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Chairul Hudaya
- Center for Energy Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea. and Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Gajungro 176, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea and Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Indonesia, Kampus Baru UI, Depok, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Ji Hun Park
- Display team, Display group, IM Co., Ltd, 38 Madogongdan-ro 4-gil, Madomyeon, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 445-861, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjin Byun
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam dong 5 ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Choo Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Phil dong 3-26, Joong-gu, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Kee Lee
- Center for Energy Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea. and Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Gajungro 176, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
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138
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Seo H, Yun HD, Kwon SY, Bang IC. Hybrid Graphene and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films for Enhanced Phase-Change Heat Transfer. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:932-938. [PMID: 26731547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nucleate boiling is an effective heat transfer method in power generation systems and cooling devices. In this letter, hybrid graphene/single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT), graphene, and SWCNT films deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) surfaces were fabricated to investigate the enhancement of nucleate boiling phenomena described by the critical heat flux and heat transfer coefficient. The graphene films were grown on Cu foils and transferred to ITO surfaces. Furthermore, SWCNTs were deposited on the graphene layer to fabricate hybrid graphene/SWCNT films. We determined that the hybrid graphene/SWCNT film deposited on an ITO surface is the most effective heat transfer surface in pool boiling because of the interconnected network of carbon structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Seo
- School of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Duk Yun
- School of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Yong Kwon
- School of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - In Cheol Bang
- School of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
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139
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Ko EH, Kim HJ, Lee SJ, Lee JH, Kim HK. Nano-sized Ag inserted into ITO films prepared by continuous roll-to-roll sputtering for high-performance, flexible, transparent film heaters. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08704c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate high-performance, flexible, transparent film heaters fabricated on a conductive Ag layer inserted into ITO films prepared by pilot-scale roll-to-roll (RTR) sputtering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hye Ko
- Kyung Hee University
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics
- Yongin
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Joong Kim
- Kyung Hee University
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics
- Yongin
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Chemical Materials Solutions Center
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Heung Lee
- Chemical Materials Solutions Center
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Ki Kim
- Kyung Hee University
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics
- Yongin
- Republic of Korea
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140
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Suh YD, Hong S, Lee J, Lee H, Jung S, Kwon J, Moon H, Won P, Shin J, Yeo J, Ko SH. Random nanocrack, assisted metal nanowire-bundled network fabrication for a highly flexible and transparent conductor. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11467a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bundled metal nanowire network transparent conductor with enhanced mechanical characteristics was fabricated from random crack patterns.
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141
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Souri H, Yu SJ, Yeo H, Goh M, Hwang JY, Kim SM, Ku BC, Jeong YG, You NH. A facile method for transparent carbon nanosheets heater based on polyimide. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07457j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transparent carbon nanosheet film heaters are fabricated by spin-coating of poly(amic acid) on quartz substrates following by carbonization process. These thin films show the transparency of 55–90% at 550 nm and sheet resistance of 14.7 to 1.6 kΩ sq−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Souri
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center
- Institute of Advanced Composites Materials
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Wanju-gun
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jun Yu
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials and Textile System Engineering
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon 34234
- Korea
| | - Hyeonuk Yeo
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center
- Institute of Advanced Composites Materials
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Wanju-gun
- Republic of Korea
| | - Munju Goh
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center
- Institute of Advanced Composites Materials
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Wanju-gun
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Yeon Hwang
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center
- Institute of Advanced Composites Materials
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Wanju-gun
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Kim
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center
- Institute of Advanced Composites Materials
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Wanju-gun
- Republic of Korea
| | - Bon-Cheol Ku
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center
- Institute of Advanced Composites Materials
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Wanju-gun
- Republic of Korea
| | - Young Gyu Jeong
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials and Textile System Engineering
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon 34234
- Korea
| | - Nam-Ho You
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center
- Institute of Advanced Composites Materials
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Wanju-gun
- Republic of Korea
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142
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Zhang G, Jiang S, Zhang H, Yao W, Liu C. Excellent heat dissipation properties of the super-aligned carbon nanotube films. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07143k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Excellent heat dissipation properties of multilayer super-aligned carbon nanotube films were measured and a novel CNT CPU-radiator was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Zhang
- Energy Conversion Research Center
- Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology
- China Academy of Space Technology
- Beijing 100094
- China
| | - Shaohui Jiang
- Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Physics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Energy Conversion Research Center
- Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology
- China Academy of Space Technology
- Beijing 100094
- China
| | - Wei Yao
- Energy Conversion Research Center
- Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology
- China Academy of Space Technology
- Beijing 100094
- China
| | - Changhong Liu
- Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Physics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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143
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Dinh T, Phan HP, Qamar A, Nguyen NT, Dao DV. Flexible and multifunctional electronics fabricated by a solvent-free and user-friendly method. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14646e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pencil-drawn flexible and multifunctional electronic devices have been proven to show potential for various applications including mass and flow sensors, human-motion detection and wearable thermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toan Dinh
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre
- Griffith University
- Australia
| | - Hoang-Phuong Phan
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre
- Griffith University
- Australia
| | - Afzaal Qamar
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre
- Griffith University
- Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre
- Griffith University
- Australia
| | - Dzung Viet Dao
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre
- Griffith University
- Australia
- School of Engineering
- Griffith University
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144
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Hong S, Lee H, Lee J, Kwon J, Han S, Suh YD, Cho H, Shin J, Yeo J, Ko SH. Highly stretchable and transparent metal nanowire heater for wearable electronics applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:4744-4751. [PMID: 26177729 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201500917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A highly stretchable and transparent electrical heater is demonstrated by constructing a partially embedded silver nanowire percolative network on an elastic substrate. The stretchable network heater is applied on human wrists under real-time strain, bending, and twisting, and has potential for lightweight, biocompatible, and versatile wearable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukjoon Hong
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Habeom Lee
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Jinhwan Lee
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Jinhyeong Kwon
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Seungyong Han
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Young D Suh
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Hyunmin Cho
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Jaeho Shin
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Junyeob Yeo
- Laser Thermal Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
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145
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Oh G, Kim JS, Jeon JH, Won E, Son JW, Lee DH, Kim CK, Jang J, Lee T, Park BH. Graphene/Pentacene Barristor with Ion-Gel Gate Dielectric: Flexible Ambipolar Transistor with High Mobility and On/Off Ratio. ACS NANO 2015; 9:7515-7522. [PMID: 26083550 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b02616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
High-quality channel layer is required for next-generation flexible electronic devices. Graphene is a good candidate due to its high carrier mobility and unique ambipolar transport characteristics but typically shows a low on/off ratio caused by gapless band structure. Popularly investigated organic semiconductors, such as pentacene, suffer from poor carrier mobility. Here, we propose a graphene/pentacene channel layer with high-k ion-gel gate dielectric. The graphene/pentacene device shows both high on/off ratio and carrier mobility as well as excellent mechanical flexibility. Most importantly, it reveals ambipolar behaviors and related negative differential resistance, which are controlled by external bias. Therefore, our graphene/pentacene barristor with ion-gel gate dielectric can offer various flexible device applications with high performances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jingon Jang
- ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Takhee Lee
- ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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146
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Lee J, Stein IY, Kessler SS, Wardle BL. Aligned carbon nanotube film enables thermally induced state transformations in layered polymeric materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:8900-8905. [PMID: 25872577 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The energy losses and geometric constraints associated with conventional curing techniques of polymeric systems motivate the study of a highly scalable out-of-oven curing method using a nanostructured resistive heater comprised of aligned carbon nanotubes (A-CNT). The experimental results indicate that, when compared to conventional oven based techniques, the use of an "out-of-oven" A-CNT integrated heater leads to orders of magnitude reductions in the energy required to process polymeric layered structures such as composites. Integration of this technology into structural systems enables the in situ curing of large-scale polymeric systems at high efficiencies, while adding sensing and control capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonyoon Lee
- †Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Itai Y Stein
- †Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Seth S Kessler
- §Metis Design Corporation, 205 Portland Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Brian L Wardle
- ∥Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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147
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Kang J, Jang Y, Kim Y, Cho SH, Suhr J, Hong BH, Choi JB, Byun D. An Ag-grid/graphene hybrid structure for large-scale, transparent, flexible heaters. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:6567-6573. [PMID: 25790123 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06984f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene have been proposed as alternatives to indium tin oxide (ITO) for fabricating transparent conducting materials. However, obtaining low sheet resistance and high transmittance of these carbon materials has been challenging due to the intrinsic properties of the materials. In this paper, we introduce highly transparent and flexible conductive films based on a hybrid structure of graphene and an Ag-grid. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printing was used to produce a micro-scale grid consisting of Ag lines less than 10 μm wide. We were able to directly write the Ag-grid on a large-area graphene/flexible substrate due to the high conductivity of graphene. The hybrid electrode could be fabricated using hot pressing transfer and EHD jet printing in a non-vacuum, maskless, and low-temperature environment. The hybrid electrode offers an effective and simple route for achieving a sheet resistance as low as ∼4 Ω per square with ∼78% optical transmittance. Finally, we demonstrate that transparent flexible heaters based on the hybrid conductive films could be used in a vehicle or a smart window system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmo Kang
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) and Center for Human Interface Nano Technology (HINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
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148
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Tan L, Zeng M, Wu Q, Chen L, Wang J, Zhang T, Eckert J, Rümmeli MH, Fu L. Direct growth of ultrafast transparent single-layer graphene defoggers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:1840-1846. [PMID: 25510608 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201402427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The idea flat surface, superb thermal conductivity and excellent optical transmittance of single-layer graphene promise tremendous potential for graphene as a material for transparent defoggers. However, the resistance of defoggers made from conventional transferred graphene increases sharply once both sides of the film are covered by water molecules which, in turn, leads to a temperature drop that is inefficient for fog removal. Here, the direct growth of large-area and continuous graphene films on quartz is reported, and the first practical single-layer graphene defogger is fabricated. The advantages of this single-layer graphene defogger lie in its ultrafast defogging time for relatively low input voltages and excellent defogging robustness. It can completely remove fog within 6 s when supplied a safe voltage of 32 V. No visible changes in the full defogging time after 50 defogging cycles are observed. This outstanding performance is attributed to the strong interaction forces between the graphene films and the substrates, which prevents the permeation of water molecules. These directly grown transparent graphene defoggers are expected to have excellent prospects in various applications such as anti-fog glasses, auto window and mirror defogging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Tan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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149
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Meng J, Chen JJ, Zhang L, Bie YQ, Liao ZM, Yu DP. Vertically architectured stack of multiple graphene field-effect transistors for flexible electronics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:1660-1664. [PMID: 25400205 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201402422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Vertically architectured stack of multiple graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) on a flexible substrate show great mechanical flexibility and robustness. The four GFETs are integrated in the vertical direction, and dually gated GFETs with graphene channel, PMMA dielectrics, and graphene gate electrodes are realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, PR China
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150
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Wang PH, Chen SP, Su CH, Liao YC. Direct printed silver nanowire thin film patterns for flexible transparent heaters with temperature gradients. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19804f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanowire thin film patterns are printed precisely to form transparent heaters with uniform or gradient temperature distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsuan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Shih-Pin Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
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