101
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Pan A, Chen Y, Li J. An effective route for the synthesis of boron nitride micro-nano structures and the growth mechanism. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce01756k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Boron nitride (BN) nanosheet-assembled microwires were successfully synthesized on the large scale and with high purity via an efficient method.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Pan
- Key Lab of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources
- Ministry of Education
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Hainan University
- Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- Key Lab of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources
- Ministry of Education
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Hainan University
- Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jianbao Li
- Key Lab of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources
- Ministry of Education
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Hainan University
- Haikou 570228, China
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102
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Deepika, Li LH, Glushenkov AM, Hait SK, Hodgson P, Chen Y. High-efficient production of boron nitride nanosheets via an optimized ball milling process for lubrication in oil. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7288. [PMID: 25470295 PMCID: PMC5384281 DOI: 10.1038/srep07288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Although tailored wet ball milling can be an efficient method to produce a large quantity of two-dimensional nanomaterials, such as boron nitride (BN) nanosheets, milling parameters including milling speed, ball-to-powder ratio, milling ball size and milling agent, are important for optimization of exfoliation efficiency and production yield. In this report, we systematically investigate the effects of different milling parameters on the production of BN nanosheets with benzyl benzoate being used as the milling agent. It is found that small balls of 0.1–0.2 mm in diameter are much more effective in exfoliating BN particles to BN nanosheets. Under the optimum condition, the production yield can be as high as 13.8% and the BN nanosheets are 0.5–1.5 μm in diameter and a few nanometers thick and of relative high crystallinity and chemical purity. The lubrication properties of the BN nanosheets in base oil have also been studied. The tribological tests show that the BN nanosheets can greatly reduce the friction coefficient and wear scar diameter of the base oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika
- 1] Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Victoria 3216, Australia [2] Indian Oil Corporation Limited, R&D Centre, Sector 13, Faridabad, Haryana 121007, India
| | - Lu Hua Li
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Alexey M Glushenkov
- 1] Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Victoria 3216, Australia [2] Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, 151 Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Samik K Hait
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited, R&D Centre, Sector 13, Faridabad, Haryana 121007, India
| | - Peter Hodgson
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Victoria 3216, Australia
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103
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Bernard S, Miele P. Polymer-Derived Boron Nitride: A Review on the Chemistry, Shaping and Ceramic Conversion of Borazine Derivatives. MATERIALS 2014; 7:7436-7459. [PMID: 28788257 PMCID: PMC5512645 DOI: 10.3390/ma7117436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Boron nitride (BN) is a III-V compound which is the focus of important research since its discovery in the early 19th century. BN is electronic to carbon and thus, in the same way that carbon exists as graphite, BN exists in the hexagonal phase. The latter offers an unusual combination of properties that cannot be found in any other ceramics. However, these properties closely depend on the synthesis processes. This review states the recent developments in the preparation of BN through the chemistry, shaping and ceramic conversion of borazine derivatives. This concept denoted as Polymer-Derived Ceramics (PDCs) route allows tailoring the chemistry of precursors to elaborate complex BN shapes which cannot be obtained by conventional process. The effect of the chemistry of the molecular precursors, i.e., borazine and trichloroborazine, and their polymeric derivatives i.e., polyborazylene and poly[tri(methylamino)borazine], in which the specific functional groups and structural motifs determine the shaping potential by conventional liquid-phase process and plastic-forming techniques is discussed. Nanotubes, nano-fibers, coatings, monoliths and fiber-reinforced matrix composites are especially described. This leads to materials which are of significant engineering interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Bernard
- Institut Europeen des Membranes (IEM), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM2), Universite Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, Montpellier F-34095, France.
| | - Philippe Miele
- Institut Europeen des Membranes (IEM), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM2), Universite Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, Montpellier F-34095, France.
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104
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Primo A, Navalón S, Asiri AM, García H. Chitosan-Templated Synthesis of Few-Layers Boron Nitride and its Unforeseen Activity as a Fenton Catalyst. Chemistry 2014; 21:324-30. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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105
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Feng P, Sajjad M, Li EY, Zhang H, Chu J, Aldalbahi A, Morell G. Fringe structures and tunable bandgap width of 2D boron nitride nanosheets. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 5:1186-1192. [PMID: 25161852 PMCID: PMC4142973 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report studies of the surface fringe structures and tunable bandgap width of atomic-thin boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs). BNNSs are synthesized by using digitally controlled pulse deposition techniques. The nanoscale morphologies of BNNSs are characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In general, the BNNSs appear microscopically flat in the case of low temperature synthesis, whereas at high temperature conditions, it yields various curved structures. Experimental data reveal the evolutions of fringe structures. Functionalization of the BNNSs is completed with hydrogen plasma beam source in order to efficiently control bandgap width. The characterizations are based on Raman scattering spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and FTIR transmittance spectra. Red shifts of spectral lines are clearly visible after the functionalization, indicating the bandgap width of the BNNSs has been changed. However, simple treatments with hydrogen gas do not affect the bandgap width of the BNNSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Feng
- Institute of Functional Nanomaterials and Department of Physics, College of Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR/USA 00936-8377
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- Institute of Functional Nanomaterials and Department of Physics, College of Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR/USA 00936-8377
| | - Eric Yiming Li
- Institute of Functional Nanomaterials and Department of Physics, College of Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR/USA 00936-8377
| | - Hongxin Zhang
- Globalfoundrie, 400 Stone Break Road extension, Malta, NY 12020, USA
| | - Jin Chu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, CAS, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Ali Aldalbahi
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, KSU, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gerardo Morell
- Institute of Functional Nanomaterials and Department of Physics, College of Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR/USA 00936-8377
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106
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Weng Q, Wang B, Wang X, Hanagata N, Li X, Liu D, Wang X, Jiang X, Bando Y, Golberg D. Highly water-soluble, porous, and biocompatible boron nitrides for anticancer drug delivery. ACS NANO 2014; 8:6123-30. [PMID: 24797563 DOI: 10.1021/nn5014808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Developing materials for "Nano-vehicles" with clinically approved drugs encapsulated is envisaged to enhance drug therapeutic effects and reduce the adverse effects. However, design and preparation of the biomaterials that are porous, nontoxic, soluble, and stable in physiological solutions and could be easily functionalized for effective drug deliveries are still challenging. Here, we report an original and simple thermal substitution method to fabricate perfectly water-soluble and porous boron nitride (BN) materials featuring unprecedentedly high hydroxylation degrees. These hydroxylated BNs are biocompatible and can effectively load anticancer drugs (e.g., doxorubicin, DOX) up to contents three times exceeding their own weight. The same or even fewer drugs that are loaded on such BN carriers exhibit much higher potency for reducing the viability of LNCaP cancer cells than free drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunhong Weng
- World Premier International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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107
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Su F, Yao K. Facile fabrication of superhydrophobic surface with excellent mechanical abrasion and corrosion resistance on copper substrate by a novel method. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:8762-8770. [PMID: 24796223 DOI: 10.1021/am501539b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for controllable fabrication of a superhydrophobic surface with a water contact angle of 162 ± 1° and a sliding angle of 3 ± 0.5° on copper substrate is reported in this Research Article. The facile and low-cost fabrication process is composed from the electrodeposition in traditional Watts bath and the heat-treatment in the presence of (heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetradecyl) triethoxysilane (AC-FAS). The superhydrophobicity of the fabricated surface results from its pine-cone-like hierarchical micro-nanostructure and the assembly of low-surface-energy fluorinated components on it. The superhydrophobic surface exhibits high microhardness and excellent mechanical abrasion resistance because it maintains superhydrophobicity after mechanical abrasion against 800 grit SiC sandpaper for 1.0 m at the applied pressure of 4.80 kPa. Moreover, the superhydrophobic surface has good chemical stability in both acidic and alkaline environments. The potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test shows that the as-prepared superhydrophobic surface has excellent corrosion resistance that can provide effective protection for the bare Cu substrate. In addition, the as-prepared superhydrophobic surface has self-cleaning ability. It is believed that the facile and low-cost method offer an effective strategy and promising industrial applications for fabricating superhydrophobic surfaces on various metallic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Su
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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108
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Theoretical prediction of the mechanisms for defect healing or oxygen doping in a hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) sheet with nitrogen vacancies by NO2 molecules. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2307. [PMID: 24869782 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2307-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Healing defects in hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN sheet) or doping it with oxygen can modify or restore its physical properties, which would increase its range of potential applications. Thus, it is very important to find an efficient method of healing or a BN sheet or doping it with oxygen. In this work, using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we identified a mechanism for healing h-BN sheets with nitrogen vacancies (VN) or doping BN sheets with oxygen using NO2 molecules. The results indicate that such reactions involve three steps: (1) the chemisorption of NO2, (2) the incorporation of the N or O atom of NO2 into the defective h-BN sheet, and (3) the removal of the adsorbed O atom or NO molecule. We found that the proposed mechanism is theoretically possible and has the following advantages. First, the barrier is about 0.60 eV for the formation of the O-doped h-BN sheet. For the healing process, because the energy released during NO2 chemisorption (-4.94 eV) completely offsets the subsequent barrier (1.17 eV), a perfect h-BN sheet can easily be achieved by using NO2 and an h-BN sheet with VB defects as reactants. Second, no catalyst is needed, and thus there is no need for a purification step to remove the catalyst. Third, NO2, a toxic gas, can be used as a reactant and will then be reduced to O2 or NO. Fourth, NO2 shows high selectivity for vacancy defect sites. Our findings show that this is an effective theoretical method of synthesizing O-doped h-BN sheets or of healing defective h-BN sheets, which should prove useful in the design of h-BN sheet-based devices.
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109
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Guo Y, Guo W. Insulating to metallic transition of an oxidized boron nitride nanosheet coating by tuning surface oxygen adsorption. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:3731-3736. [PMID: 24569839 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr06227a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification and functionalization are of fundamental importance in actual application of insulating coating, such as hexagon boron nitride (h-BN) nanosheet. Our first-principles calculations reveal that an oxidized h-BN monolayer supported by a Cu substrate exhibits metallic properties when O adatom vertically bonds with the B atom. This is mainly due to the hybridization of the p orbital of the BN layer and O adatom around the Fermi level. Charge transfer from the Cu substrate to the O atom stabilizes the formation of the vertical O-B bond. Injecting negative charges could trigger the migration of the O adatom from the B-N bond to B atom for metal or insulator-supported h-BN monolayer, which will lead to a metallic transition in the oxidized h-BN nanosheet. Our results provide a viable way to tune the electronic properties of surface h-BN coating through charge injection mediated O adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures and MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices, Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China.
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110
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Li X, Yin J, Zhou J, Guo W. Large area hexagonal boron nitride monolayer as efficient atomically thick insulating coating against friction and oxidation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:105701. [PMID: 24532053 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/10/105701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Coating is the most widely applied technology to improve surface properties of substrates, and nanotechnology has been playing an important role in enhancing the coating performance. However, the tunability of surface properties by a single atomic layer remains poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that a chemical vapor deposited hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) monolayer of large area and high quality can serve as a perfect coating to significantly improve friction, oxidation and electric resistance of the substrates. The exceptional low friction and insulation of h-BN monolayer coating facilitate the characterization of the h-BN film vividly by atomic force microscopy, showing the h-BN monolayer consists of domains with size within a few micrometers. This excellent coating performance together with the exceptional high thermal and chemical stability make the h-BN monolayer a promising coating material.
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111
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Liu F, Mo X, Gan H, Guo T, Wang X, Chen B, Chen J, Deng S, Xu N, Sekiguchi T, Golberg D, Bando Y. Cheap, gram-scale fabrication of BN nanosheets via substitution reaction of graphite powders and their use for mechanical reinforcement of polymers. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4211. [PMID: 24572725 PMCID: PMC3936228 DOI: 10.1038/srep04211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the most important two-dimensional (2D) materials, BN nanosheets attracted intensive interest in the past decade. Although there are many methods suitable for the preparation of BN sheets, finding a cheap and nontoxic way for their mass and high-quality production is still a challenge. Here we provide a highly effective and cheap way to synthesize gram-scale-level well-structured BN nanosheets from many common graphite products as source materials. Single-crystalline multi-layered BN sheets have a mean lateral size of several hundred nanometers and a thickness ranging from 5 nm to 40 nm. Cathodoluminescence (CL) analysis shows that the structures exhibit a near band-edge emission and a broad emission band from 300 nm to 500 nm. Utilization of nanosheets for the reinforcement of polymers revealed that the Young's modulus of BN/PMMA composite had increased to 1.56 GPa when the BN's fraction was only 2 wt.%, thus demonstrating a 20% gain compared to a blank PMMA film. It suggests that the BN nanosheet is an ideal mechanical reinforcing material for polymers. In addition, this easy and nontoxic substitution method may provide a universal route towards high yields of other 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, and School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 (PR China) [2] Inorganic Nanostructured Materials Group, World Premier International (WPI) Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan 305-0044
| | - Xiaoshu Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, and School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 (PR China)
| | - Haibo Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, and School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 (PR China)
| | - Tongyi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, and School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 (PR China)
| | - Xuebin Wang
- Inorganic Nanostructured Materials Group, World Premier International (WPI) Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan 305-0044
| | - Bin Chen
- Nano-Electronics Materials Unit, World Premier International (WPI) Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan 305-0044
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, and School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 (PR China)
| | - Shaozhi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, and School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 (PR China)
| | - Ningsheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, and School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 (PR China)
| | - Takashi Sekiguchi
- Nano-Electronics Materials Unit, World Premier International (WPI) Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan 305-0044
| | - Dmitri Golberg
- Nanotube Group, World Premier International (WPI) Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan 305-0044
| | - Yoshio Bando
- Inorganic Nanostructured Materials Group, World Premier International (WPI) Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan 305-0044
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112
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Sahoo BN, Kandasubramanian B. Recent progress in fabrication and characterisation of hierarchical biomimetic superhydrophobic structures. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00506f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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113
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114
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Pakdel A, Bando Y, Golberg D. Morphology-driven nonwettability of nanostructured BN surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:7529-7533. [PMID: 23560820 DOI: 10.1021/la4004356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Designing geometrical structures is an effective route to tailoring the wettability of a surface. BN-based hierarchical nano- and microstructures, in particular, vertically aligned and randomly distributed tubes and cones, were synthesized and employed as a platform for studying the influence of surface morphology on their static and dynamic interactions with water droplets. The variation of the contact angle in different hierarchical BN films is attributed to the combined effects of surface roughness and partial liquid-solid contact at the interface. Moreover, the impact response of water droplets impinging on BN arrays with different wetting properties is distinct. In the case of superhydrophobic films, the water droplet bounces off the surface several times whereas in less hydrophobic films it does not rebound and remains pinned to the surface. These results provide a facile route for the selective preparation of hierarchical BN nanostructure array films and a better understanding of their tunable water-repelling behavior, for which a number of promising applications in microelectronics and optics can be envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Pakdel
- World Premier International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan.
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115
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Sajjad M, Morell G, Feng P. Advance in novel boron nitride nanosheets to nanoelectronic device applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:5051-5056. [PMID: 23662583 DOI: 10.1021/am400871s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report low-temperature synthesis of large-scale boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) and their applications for high-performance Schottky diode and gas sensor. Ten minutes of synthesis with a short-pulse-laser-produced plasma deposition technique yields a large amount of highly flat, transparent BNNSs. A basic reason for using short-pulse plasma beams is to avoid nanosheet thermal ablation or have low heat generated. Consequently, it greatly reduces the stress and yield large, flat BNNSs. The average size of obtained BNNS is around 10 μm and thickness is around 1.7 nm. Carbon element has been used for doping BNNSs and achieving BNNSs-based Schottky diode and gas sensing device. Typical current versus voltage characteristics of diode are examined. The breakdown reverse voltage is around -70 V. This probably indicates that the breakdown electric field of BNNSs-based diode is up to 1 × 10(8) V/cm. Sensing behavior of BNNSs-based gas sensor toward methane diluted with dry air is also characterized. The response time and recovery time are around 3 and 5 s at the operating temperature of 150 °C. Relatively, the sensor has poor sensitivity to oxygen gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sajjad
- Department of Physics, College of Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936-8377, United States
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116
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Wu J, Yin L, Zhang L. Tuning the electronic structure, bandgap energy and photoluminescence properties of hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets via a controllable Ce3+ ions doping. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra23132a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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117
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Lin Y, Connell JW. Advances in 2D boron nitride nanostructures: nanosheets, nanoribbons, nanomeshes, and hybrids with graphene. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:6908-39. [PMID: 23023445 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr32201c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The recent surge in graphene research has stimulated interest in the investigation of various 2-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials. Among these materials, the 2D boron nitride (BN) nanostructures are in a unique position. This is because they are the isoelectric analogs to graphene structures and share very similar structural characteristics and many physical properties except for the large band gap. The main forms of the 2D BN nanostructures include nanosheets (BNNSs), nanoribbons (BNNRs), and nanomeshes (BNNMs). BNNRs are essentially BNNSs with narrow widths in which the edge effects become significant; BNNMs are also variations of BNNSs, which are supported on certain metal substrates where strong interactions and the lattice mismatch between the substrate and the nanosheet result in periodic shallow regions on the nanosheet surface. Recently, the hybrids of 2D BN nanostructures with graphene, in the form of either in-plane hybrids or inter-plane heterolayers, have also drawn much attention. In particular, the BNNS-graphene heterolayer architectures are finding important electronic applications as BNNSs may serve as excellent dielectric substrates or separation layers for graphene electronic devices. In this article, we first discuss the structural basics, spectroscopic signatures, and physical properties of the 2D BN nanostructures. Then, various top-down and bottom-up preparation methodologies are reviewed in detail. Several sections are dedicated to the preparation of BNNRs, BNNMs, and BNNS-graphene hybrids, respectively. Following some more discussions on the applications of these unique materials, the article is concluded with a summary and perspectives of this exciting new field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lin
- National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration way, Hampton, VA 23666, USA.
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118
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Sainsbury T, Satti A, May P, Wang Z, McGovern I, Gun’ko YK, Coleman J. Oxygen Radical Functionalization of Boron Nitride Nanosheets. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:18758-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3080665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Toby Sainsbury
- Centre
for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), ‡School of Physics, and §School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Amro Satti
- Centre
for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), ‡School of Physics, and §School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Peter May
- Centre
for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), ‡School of Physics, and §School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Centre
for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), ‡School of Physics, and §School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ignatius McGovern
- Centre
for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), ‡School of Physics, and §School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Yurii K. Gun’ko
- Centre
for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), ‡School of Physics, and §School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jonathan Coleman
- Centre
for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), ‡School of Physics, and §School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Song L, Liu Z, Reddy ALM, Narayanan NT, Taha-Tijerina J, Peng J, Gao G, Lou J, Vajtai R, Ajayan PM. Binary and ternary atomic layers built from carbon, boron, and nitrogen. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:4878-4895. [PMID: 22791402 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201201792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) atomic layers derived from bulk layered materials are very interesting from both scientific and application viewpoints, as evidenced from the story of graphene. Atomic layers of several such materials such as hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and dichalcogenides are examples that complement graphene. The observed unconventional properties of graphene has triggered interest in doping the hexagonal honeycomb lattice of graphene with atoms such as boron (B) and nitrogen (N) to obtain new layered structures. Individual atomic layers containing B, C, and N of various compositions conform to several stable phases in the three-component phase diagram of B-C-N. Additionally, stacking layers built from C and BN allows for the engineering of new van-der-Waals stacked materials with novel properties. In this paper, the synthesis, characterization, and properties of atomically thin layers, containing B, C, and N, as well as vertically assembled graphene/h-BN stacks are reviewed. The electrical, mechanical, and optical properties of graphene, h-BN, and their hybrid structure are also discussed along with the applications of such materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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120
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Pakdel A, Zhi C, Bando Y, Nakayama T, Golberg D. A comprehensive analysis of the CVD growth of boron nitride nanotubes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:215601. [PMID: 22551670 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/21/215601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) films were grown on silicon/silicon dioxide (Si/SiO(2)) substrates by a catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method in a horizontal electric furnace. The effects of growth temperature and catalyst concentration on the morphology of the films and the structure of individual BNNTs were systematically investigated. The BNNT films grown at 1200 and 1300 °C consisted of a homogeneous dispersion of separate tubes in random directions with average outer diameters of ~30 and ~60 nm, respectively. Meanwhile, the films grown at 1400 °C comprised of BNNT bundles in a flower-like morphology, which included thick tubes with average diameters of ~100 nm surrounded by very thin ones with diameters down to ~10 nm. In addition, low catalyst concentration led to the formation of BNNT films composed of entangled curly tubes, while high catalyst content resulted in very thick tubes with diameters up to ~350 nm in a semierect flower-like morphology. Extensive transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations revealed the diameter-dependent growth mechanisms for BNNTs; namely, thin and thick tubes with closed ends grew by base-growth and tip-growth mechanisms, respectively. However, high catalyst concentration motivated the formation of filled-with-catalyst BNNTs, which grew open-ended with a base-growth mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Pakdel
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
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121
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Taha-Tijerina J, Narayanan TN, Gao G, Rohde M, Tsentalovich DA, Pasquali M, Ajayan PM. Electrically insulating thermal nano-oils using 2D fillers. ACS NANO 2012; 6:1214-1220. [PMID: 22268368 DOI: 10.1021/nn203862p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Different nanoscale fillers have been used to create composite fluids for applications such as thermal management. The ever increasing thermal loads in applications now require advanced operational fluids, for example, high thermal conductivity dielectric oils in transformers. These oils require excellent filler dispersion, high thermal conduction, but also electrical insulation. Such thermal oils that conform to this thermal/electrical requirement, and yet remain in highly suspended stable state, have not yet been synthesized. We report here the synthesis and characterization of stable high thermal conductivity Newtonian nanofluids using exfoliated layers of hexagonal boron nitride in oil without compromising its electrically insulating property. Two-dimensional nanosheets of hexagonal boron nitride are liquid exfoliated in isopropyl alcohol and redispersed in mineral oil, used as standard transformer oil, forming stable nanosuspensions with high shelf life. A high electrical resistivity, even higher than that of the base oil, is maintained for the nano-oil containing small weight fraction of the filler (0.01 wt %), whereas the thermal conductivity was enhanced. The low dissipation factor and high pour point for this nano-oil suggests several applications in thermal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Taha-Tijerina
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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122
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Nazarov AS, Demin VN, Grayfer ED, Bulavchenko AI, Arymbaeva AT, Shin HJ, Choi JY, Fedorov VE. Functionalization and dispersion of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanosheets treated with inorganic reagents. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:554-60. [PMID: 22238118 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201100710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A mixture of bulk hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) with hydrazine, 30% H(2)O(2), HNO(3)/H(2)SO(4), or oleum was heated in an autoclave at 100 °C to produce functionalized h-BN. The product formed stable colloid solutions in water (0.26-0.32 g L(-1)) and N,N-dimethylformamide (0.34-0.52 g L(-1)) upon mild ultrasonication. The yield of "soluble" h-BN reached about 70 wt%. The dispersions contained few-layered h-BN nanosheets with lateral dimensions in the order of several hundred nanometers. The functionalized dispersible h-BN was characterized by IR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It is shown that h-BN preserves its hexagonal structure throughout the functionalization procedure. Its exfoliation into thin platelets upon contact with solvents is probably owing to the attachment of hydrophilic functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert S Nazarov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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123
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Qin L, Yu J, Kuang S, Xiao C, Bai X. Few-atomic-layered boron carbonitride nanosheets prepared by chemical vapor deposition. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:120-123. [PMID: 22064967 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr11387a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Few-atomic-layered boron carbonitride (BCN) nanosheets have been grown on Si substrate by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition from a gas mixture of CH(4)-N(2)-H(2)-BF(3). The grown BCN nanosheets are oriented with their base planes perpendicular to the substrate surface. Ultrathin BCN nanosheets with thickness from 2 to a few atomic layers account for a considerable portion of the products, although many of them have more than 10 layers. Photoluminescence is measured for the BCN nanosheets and intense emission at 3.27 eV with very weak defect-related emission is observed for the nanosheets with the composition of B(0.38)C(0.27)N(0.35). The present BCN nanosheets are promising for applications in nanoelectronics, catalyst supports, gas adsorption, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, HIT Campus, University Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
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124
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Pakdel A, Wang X, Zhi C, Bando Y, Watanabe K, Sekiguchi T, Nakayama T, Golberg D. Facile synthesis of vertically aligned hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets hybridized with graphitic domains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm15109j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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125
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Wang L, Shen L, Xu X, Xu L, Qian Y. Facile synthesis of uniform h-BN nanocrystals and their application as a catalyst support towards the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21325g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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126
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Pakdel A, Zhi C, Bando Y, Nakayama T, Golberg D. Boron nitride nanosheet coatings with controllable water repellency. ACS NANO 2011; 5:6507-6515. [PMID: 21766852 DOI: 10.1021/nn201838w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The growth, structure, and properties of two-dimensional boron nitride (BN) nanostructures synthesized by a thermal chemical vapor deposition method have been systematically investigated. Most of the BN nanosheets (BNNSs) were less than 5 nm in thickness, and their purity was confirmed by X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The effects of the process variables on the morphology and roughness of the coatings were studied using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. A smooth BN coating was obtained at 900 °C, while compact BNNS coatings composed of partially vertically aligned nanosheets could be achieved at 1000 °C and higher temperatures. These nanosheets were mostly separated and exhibited high surface area especially at higher synthesis temperatures. The nonwetting properties of the BNNS coatings were independent of the water pH and were examined by contact angle goniometry. The present results enable a convenient growth of pure BNNS coatings with controllable levels of water repellency, ranging from partial hydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity with contact angles exceeding 150°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Pakdel
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan.
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127
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Zhi C, Xu Y, Bando Y, Golberg D. Highly thermo-conductive fluid with boron nitride nanofillers. ACS NANO 2011; 5:6571-7. [PMID: 21749150 DOI: 10.1021/nn201946x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We report for the first time how boron nitride (BN) nanotubes and nanospheres may effectively be used to achieve remarkable thermal conductivity improvement of a fluid. Benefiting from high thermal conductivity and high-aspect-ratio of BN nanotubes, at a fraction of 6 vol %, the thermal conductivity of water was remarkably improved, up to ∼2.6-times. With BN nanospheres as fillers, the viscosity of the fluid can be kept decently low and thermal conductivity can also be effectively improved. A combination of BN nanotubes and nanospheres was found to increase the fluid's thermal conductivity while keeping its viscosity low, thus, such mixtures can be promising fillers for highly thermo-conductive fluids. Finally, calculations based on finite element method were used to investigate the regarded nanofluids. On the basis of the results, thermal conductivity was estimated to be more than, or close to 200 W/mK for BN nanotubes and nanospheres, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyi Zhi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
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128
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Qin L, Yu J, Li M, Liu F, Bai X. Catalyst-free growth of mono- and few-atomic-layer boron nitride sheets by chemical vapor deposition. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:215602. [PMID: 21451227 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/21/215602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Boron nitride (BN) is a wide bandgap semiconductor with a structure analogous to graphite. Mono- and few-atomic-layer BN sheets have been grown on silicon substrates by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition from a gas mixture of BF(3)-H(2)-N(2) without using any catalysts. Growth of the BN sheets can be ascribed to the etching effects of the fluorine-containing gases and the thickness control down to mono- and few-atomic-layers was realized by decreasing the concentrations of BF(3) and H(2) in N(2). A large decrease of the BF(3) and H(2) concentrations was achieved by increasing the gas flow rate of N(2) and keeping the BF(3) and H(2) flow rates constant and the mono- and few-atomic-layered BN sheets were obtained at the BF(3), H(2) and N(2) flow rates of 3, 10, and 1200 sccm. The present mono- and few-atomic-layer BN sheets are promising for applications in catalyst supports, composites, gas adsorption, nanoelectronics, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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129
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Lian G, Zhang X, Tan M, Zhang S, Cui D, Wang Q. Facile synthesis of 3D boron nitride nanoflowers composed of vertically aligned nanoflakes and fabrication of graphene-like BN by exfoliation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm04503a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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130
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Zhang L, Zhang G, Chen C, Li L, Xia T, Shi K. A facile route to synthesise h-BN-FeB49 nanocomposites with magnetic and fluorescent properties. CrystEngComm 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ce05488k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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131
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Bechelany M, Brioude A, Bernard S, Stadelmann P, Cornu D, Miele P. Boron nitride multiwall nanotubes decorated with BN nanosheets. CrystEngComm 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ce05508a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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132
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Wang Y, Shi Z, Yin J. Boron nitride nanosheets: large-scale exfoliation in methanesulfonic acid and their composites with polybenzimidazole. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm10342c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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133
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Wang L, Sun C, Xu L, Qian Y. Convenient synthesis and applications of gram scale boron nitride nanosheets. Catal Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cy00191d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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134
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Abstract
This article provides a concise review of the recent research advancements in boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) with a comprehensive list of references. As the motivation of the field, we first summarize some of the attractive properties and potential applications of BNNTs. Then, latest discoveries on the properties, applications, and synthesis of BNNTs are discussed. In particular, we focus on low-temperature and patterned growth, and mass production of BNNTs, since these are the major challenges that have hindered investigation of the properties and application of BNNTs for the past decade. Finally, perspectives of future research on BNNTs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiesheng Wang
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, 118 Fisher Hall, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
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