101
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Soria J, Acera A, Merayo-LLoves J, Durán JA, González N, Rodriguez S, Bistolas N, Schumacher S, Bier FF, Peter H, Stöcklein W, Suárez T. Tear proteome analysis in ocular surface diseases using label-free LC-MS/MS and multiplexed-microarray biomarker validation. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 29234088 PMCID: PMC5727318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17536-2 10.1038/s41598-017-17536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the tear film proteome of patients with dry eye (DE), meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), and normal volunteers (CT). Tear samples were collected from 70 individuals. Of these, 37 samples were analyzed using spectral-counting-based LC-MS/MS label-free quantitation, and 33 samples were evaluated in the validation of candidate biomarkers employing customized antibody microarray assays. Comparative analysis of tear protein profiles revealed differences in the expression levels of 26 proteins, including protein S100A6, annexin A1, cystatin-S, thioredoxin, phospholipase A2, antileukoproteinase, and lactoperoxidase. Antibody microarray validation of CST4, S100A6, and MMP9 confirmed the accuracy of previously reported ELISA assays, with an area under ROC curve (AUC) of 87.5%. Clinical endpoint analysis showed a good correlation between biomarker concentrations and clinical parameters. In conclusion, different sets of proteins differentiate between the groups. Apolipoprotein D, S100A6, S100A8, and ceruloplasmin discriminate best between the DE and CT groups. The differences between antileukoproteinase, phospholipase A2, and lactoperoxidase levels allow the distinction between MGD and DE, and the changes in the levels of annexin A1, clusterin, and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1, between MGD and CT groups. The functional network analysis revealed the main biological processes that should be examined to identify new candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Soria
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Building 612, E-48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Arantxa Acera
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Building 612, E-48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jesús Merayo-LLoves
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Avda Dres Fernández-Vega num 34, Oviedo, E-33012, Principado de Asturias, Spain
| | - Juan A Durán
- Instituto Clínico Quirúrgico de Oftalmología (ICQO), Virgen de Begoña N° 34, E-48006, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Nerea González
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Building 612, E-48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Sandra Rodriguez
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Building 612, E-48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Nikitas Bistolas
- Department of automatization, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Soeren Schumacher
- Department of automatization, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Frank F Bier
- Department of automatization, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Harald Peter
- Department of automatization, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Walter Stöcklein
- Department of automatization, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Tatiana Suárez
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Building 612, E-48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
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102
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Soria J, Acera A, Merayo-LLoves J, Durán JA, González N, Rodriguez S, Bistolas N, Schumacher S, Bier FF, Peter H, Stöcklein W, Suárez T. Tear proteome analysis in ocular surface diseases using label-free LC-MS/MS and multiplexed-microarray biomarker validation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17478. [PMID: 29234088 PMCID: PMC5727318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the tear film proteome of patients with dry eye (DE), meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), and normal volunteers (CT). Tear samples were collected from 70 individuals. Of these, 37 samples were analyzed using spectral-counting-based LC-MS/MS label-free quantitation, and 33 samples were evaluated in the validation of candidate biomarkers employing customized antibody microarray assays. Comparative analysis of tear protein profiles revealed differences in the expression levels of 26 proteins, including protein S100A6, annexin A1, cystatin-S, thioredoxin, phospholipase A2, antileukoproteinase, and lactoperoxidase. Antibody microarray validation of CST4, S100A6, and MMP9 confirmed the accuracy of previously reported ELISA assays, with an area under ROC curve (AUC) of 87.5%. Clinical endpoint analysis showed a good correlation between biomarker concentrations and clinical parameters. In conclusion, different sets of proteins differentiate between the groups. Apolipoprotein D, S100A6, S100A8, and ceruloplasmin discriminate best between the DE and CT groups. The differences between antileukoproteinase, phospholipase A2, and lactoperoxidase levels allow the distinction between MGD and DE, and the changes in the levels of annexin A1, clusterin, and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1, between MGD and CT groups. The functional network analysis revealed the main biological processes that should be examined to identify new candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Soria
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Building 612, E-48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Arantxa Acera
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Building 612, E-48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jesús Merayo-LLoves
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Avda Dres Fernández-Vega num 34, Oviedo, E-33012, Principado de Asturias, Spain
| | - Juan A Durán
- Instituto Clínico Quirúrgico de Oftalmología (ICQO), Virgen de Begoña N° 34, E-48006, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Nerea González
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Building 612, E-48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Sandra Rodriguez
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Building 612, E-48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Nikitas Bistolas
- Department of automatization, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Soeren Schumacher
- Department of automatization, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Frank F Bier
- Department of automatization, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Harald Peter
- Department of automatization, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Walter Stöcklein
- Department of automatization, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Tatiana Suárez
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Building 612, E-48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
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103
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Wizert A, Iskander DR, Cwiklik L. Interaction of lysozyme with a tear film lipid layer model: A molecular dynamics simulation study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:2289-2296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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104
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Proteomic features of delayed ocular symptoms caused by exposure to sulfur mustard: As studied by protein profiling of corneal epithelium. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2017; 1865:1445-1454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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105
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Jung JH, Ji YW, Hwang HS, Oh JW, Kim HC, Lee HK, Kim KP. Proteomic analysis of human lacrimal and tear fluid in dry eye disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13363. [PMID: 29042648 PMCID: PMC5645331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13817-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the pathophysiology of dry eye disease (DED), it is necessary to characterize proteins in the ocular surface fluids, including tear fluid (TF) and lacrimal fluid (LF). There have been several reports of TF proteomes, but few proteomic studies have examined LF secreted from the lacrimal gland (LG). Therefore, we characterized the proteins constituting TF and LF by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. TF and LF were collected from patients with non-Sjögren syndrome DED and from healthy subjects. Through protein profiling and label-free quantification, 1165 proteins from TF and 1448 from LF were identified. In total, 849 proteins were present in both TF and LF. Next, candidate biomarkers were verified using the multiple reaction monitoring assay in both TF and LF of 17 DED patients and 17 healthy controls. As a result, 16 marker proteins were identified (fold-change > 1.5, p-value < 0.05), of which 3 were upregulated in TF and 8 up- and 5 down-regulated in LF. In conclusion, this study revealed novel DED markers originating from the LG and tears by in-depth proteomic analysis and comparison of TF and LF proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hun Jung
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Yong Woo Ji
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Sik Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jae Won Oh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Hyun Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Keun Lee
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea.
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106
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Tong L, Zhou L, Beuerman R, Simonyi S, Hollander DA, Stern ME. Effects of punctal occlusion on global tear proteins in patients with dry eye. Ocul Surf 2017; 15:736-741. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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107
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Jeyalatha MV, Qu Y, Liu Z, Ou S, He X, Bu J, Li S, Reinach PS, Liu Z, Li W. Function of meibomian gland: Contribution of proteins. Exp Eye Res 2017; 163:29-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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108
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Dutta G, Lillehoj PB. An ultrasensitive enzyme-free electrochemical immunosensor based on redox cycling amplification using methylene blue. Analyst 2017; 142:3492-3499. [PMID: 28831485 PMCID: PMC5600201 DOI: 10.1039/c7an00789b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We report a new enzyme-free electrochemical sensor for ultrasensitive measurements of protein biomarkers in plasma and whole blood samples based on a unique electrochemical-chemical-chemical (ECC) redox cycling signal amplification scheme. This scheme uses methylene blue (MB) as a redox indicator which undergoes an endergonic reaction with Ru(NH3)63+ and a highly exergonic reaction with tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP). This approach offers improved detection sensitivity and sensor stability compared with enzyme-based ECC redox cycling techniques, while involving a simpler sensor modification process and detection protocol. This redox cycling scheme was combined with a robust immunosandwich assay for quantitative measurements of protein biomarkers. For proof of principle, Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) was measured in human plasma and whole blood samples, which could be detected down to 10 fg mL-1 and 18 fg mL-1, respectively. Furthermore, this immunosensor exhibits high selectivity, excellent reproducibility and good stability for up to 2 weeks, making it a promising platform for point-of-care testing, especially for detecting extremely low biomarker concentrations in raw biofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorachand Dutta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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109
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Differences in Tear Film Biochemistry of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Lens Wearers. Optom Vis Sci 2017; 94:914-918. [DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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110
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Boost M, Cho P, Wang Z. Disturbing the balance: effect of contact lens use on the ocular proteome and microbiome. Clin Exp Optom 2017; 100:459-472. [PMID: 28771841 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Contact lens wear is a popular, convenient and effective method for vision correction. In recent years, contact lens practice has expanded to include new paradigms, including orthokeratology; however, their use is not entirely without risk, as the incidence of infection has consistently been reported to be higher in contact lens wearers. The explanations for this increased susceptibility have largely focused on physical damage, especially to the cornea, due to a combination of hypoxia, mechanical trauma, deposits and solution cytotoxicity, as well as poor compliance with care routines leading to introduction of pathogens into the ocular environment. However, in recent years, with the increasing availability and reduced cost of molecular techniques, the ocular environment has received greater attention with in-depth studies of proteins and other components. Numerous proteins were found to be present in the tears and their functions and interactions indicate that the tears are far more complex than formerly presumed. In addition, the concept of a sterile or limited microbial population on the ocular surface has been challenged by analysis of the microbiome. Ocular microbiome was not considered as one of the key sites for the Human Microbiome Project, as it was thought to be limited compared to other body sites. This was proven to be fallacious, as a wide variety of micro-organisms were identified in the analyses of human tears. Thus, the ocular environment is now recognised to be more complicated and interference with this ecological balance may lead to adverse effects. The use of contact lenses clearly changes the situation at the ocular surface, which may result in consequences which disturb the balance in the healthy eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Boost
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.,Squina International Centre for Infection Control, Hong Kong
| | - Pauline Cho
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.,Squina International Centre for Infection Control, Hong Kong
| | - Zhaoran Wang
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
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111
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Abstract
The members of the Tear Film Subcommittee reviewed the role of the tear film in dry eye disease (DED). The Subcommittee reviewed biophysical and biochemical aspects of tears and how these change in DED. Clinically, DED is characterized by loss of tear volume, more rapid breakup of the tear film and increased evaporation of tears from the ocular surface. The tear film is composed of many substances including lipids, proteins, mucins and electrolytes. All of these contribute to the integrity of the tear film but exactly how they interact is still an area of active research. Tear film osmolarity increases in DED. Changes to other components such as proteins and mucins can be used as biomarkers for DED. The Subcommittee recommended areas for future research to advance our understanding of the tear film and how this changes with DED. The final report was written after review by all Subcommittee members and the entire TFOS DEWS II membership.
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112
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TFOS DEWS II Diagnostic Methodology report. Ocul Surf 2017; 15:539-574. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 836] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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113
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Novack GD, Asbell P, Barabino S, Bergamini MVW, Ciolino JB, Foulks GN, Goldstein M, Lemp MA, Schrader S, Woods C, Stapleton F. TFOS DEWS II Clinical Trial Design Report. Ocul Surf 2017; 15:629-649. [PMID: 28736344 PMCID: PMC8557254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel therapies for Dry Eye Disease (DED) is formidable, and relatively few treatments evaluated have been approved for marketing. In this report, the Subcommittee reviewed challenges in designing and conducting quality trials, with special reference to issues in trials in patients with DED and present the regulatory perspective on DED therapies. The Subcommittee reviewed the literature and while there are some observations about the possible reasons why so many trials have failed, there is no obvious single reason other than the lack of correlation between signs and symptoms in DED. Therefore the report advocates for conducting good quality studies, as described, going forward. A key recommendation for future studies is conduct consistent with Good Clinical Practice (GCP), including use of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) quality clinical trial material. The report also recommends that the design, treatments, and sample size be consistent with the investigational treatment, the objectives of the study, and the phase of development. Other recommendations for pivotal studies are a priori selection of the outcome measure, and an appropriate sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary D Novack
- Pharma Logic Development, San Rafael, CA, USA; Departments of Pharmacology and Ophthalmology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, CA, USA.
| | - Penny Asbell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Michael V W Bergamini
- Nicox Ophthalmics, Inc., Fort Worth, TX, USA; University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Joseph B Ciolino
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gary N Foulks
- Emeritus Professor of Ophthalmology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Michael Goldstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, New England Medical Center and Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Lemp
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stefan Schrader
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Craig Woods
- Deakin Optometry, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Fiona Stapleton
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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114
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Deinema LA, Vingrys AJ, Chinnery HR, Downie LE. Optical Coherence Tomography Reveals Changes to Corneal Reflectivity and Thickness in Individuals with Tear Hyperosmolarity. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2017; 6:6. [PMID: 28553560 PMCID: PMC5444496 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.6.3.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether tear hyperosmolarity, a feature of dry eye disease (DED), affects central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal light reflectivity, and/or tear film reflectivity. METHODS This prospective, cross-sectional study involved 48 participants (38 with hyperosmolar tears and 10 controls with normo-osmolar tears). Symptoms and signs of DED (tear osmolarity, sodium fluorescein tear break-up time, ocular surface staining, Schirmer test) were assessed. CCT, and the reflectivity of the cornea and the tear-epithelial interface were quantified relative to background noise using Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT). RESULTS CCT of eyes with severe tear hyperosmolarity, defined as eyes in the upper quartile of the hyperosmolar group, was less than control eyes (539.1 ± 7.4 vs. 583.1 ± 15.0 μm, P = 0.02) and eyes with less severe tear hyperosmolarity, defined as hyperosmolar eyes in the lower quartile (622.7 ± 5.8 μm, P < 0.0001). CCT showed a negative linear relationship with tear osmolarity for values above 316 mOsmol/L (R2 = 0.17, P = 0.01). Central corneal reflectivity was lower in hyperosmolar eyes than normo-osmolar eyes (45.1 ± 0.3 vs. 48.1 ± 0.6 pixels, P = 0.02); the greatest relative difference was in the anterior stroma, where corneal reflectivity was 4.7 ± 1.9% less in hyperosmolar eyes (P < 0.01). Peak reflectivity of the tear-epithelial interface was 4.8% ± 3.5% higher in the hyperosmolar group than the normo-osmolar tear group (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION Individuals with significant tear hyperosmolarity and clinical signs of symptoms of DED show reduced CCT and altered corneal reflectivity. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE Anterior segment FD-OCT provides novel insight into corneal microstructural differences in individuals with DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Adelaide Deinema
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia 3010
| | - Algis Jonas Vingrys
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia 3010
| | - Holly Rose Chinnery
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia 3010
| | - Laura Elizabeth Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia 3010
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115
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Chen BJ, Lam TC, Liu LQ, To CH. Post-translational modifications and their applications in eye research (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3923-3935. [PMID: 28487982 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression is the process by which genetic information is used for the synthesis of a functional gene product, and ultimately regulates cell function. The increase of biological complexity from genome to proteome is vast, and the post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins contribute to this complexity. The study of protein expression and PTMs has attracted attention in the post‑genomic era. Due to the limited capability of conventional biochemical techniques in the past, large‑scale PTM studies were technically challenging. The introduction of effective protein separation methods, specific PTM purification strategies and advanced mass spectrometers has enabled the global profiling of PTMs and the identification of a targeted PTM within the proteome. The present review provides an overview of current proteomic technologies being applied in eye research, with a particular focus on studies of PTMs in ocular tissues and ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Jie Chen
- Department of Optometry and Visual Science, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Thomas Chuen Lam
- Laboratory of Experimental Optometry, Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Long-Qian Liu
- Department of Optometry and Visual Science, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chi-Ho To
- Laboratory of Experimental Optometry, Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
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116
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Abstract
Tear fluids are a mixture of secretions derived from lacrimal glands, accessory lacrimal glands, conjunctiva, and meibomian glands. Compositional changes to tears occur in the normal state and during ocular surface disease, such as dry eye conditions. We have investigated compositional changes to tears after topical application of ophthalmic solutions, with regard to tear-specific proteins (secretory immunoglobulin A, lactoferrin, lipocalin-1, and lysozyme) and ocular surface mucin in normal and dry eye conditions using high-performance liquid chromatography. After application of saline solution (0.9% sodium chloride) in normal subjects, transient but significant decreases in all tear components were observed. The recovery of protein concentrations took up to 30 minutes and lasted longer when the saline solution was applied more frequently. When applying ophthalmic solutions, a balance between washout and dilutional effects should be considered in addition to the therapeutic effect. Investigation of the effect of diquafosol solution (3%) in normal subjects revealed a significant increase in sialic acid concentration, a marker of ocular mucin, at 5 minutes after application, whereas a significant decrease was observed with saline. This result indicates the accelerated secretion of mucin from ocular tissues induced by diquafosol. A clinical study to determine the efficacy of diquafosol in patients with dry eye revealed improvements in tear breakup time, keratoconjunctival staining scores, and Schirmer test score, accompanied by an increase in sialic acid concentration in tears. Investigating normal and dry eye conditions through tear analysis may clarify the pathophysiology of dry eye conditions and support the efficacy of treatments.
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117
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Aass C, Norheim I, Eriksen EF, Børnick EC, Thorsby PM, Pepaj M. Establishment of a tear protein biomarker panel differentiating between Graves' disease with or without orbitopathy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175274. [PMID: 28419103 PMCID: PMC5395154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is an autoimmune inflammatory ocular complication and one of the most frequent manifestations of Graves’ disease (GD). Clinical judgment of GO is subjective sometimes leading to clinical and therapeutic challenges. Better tools to diagnose this severe complication are warranted. Patients and methods The aim of the present study was to evaluate tear levels of LYZ, LACRT and AZGP1 in GD patients with or without GO, as possible biomarkers for GO. Tear samples were collected from GD patients with moderate-to-severe GO (n = 21) and no clinical signs of GO (n = 21). Additionally, 18 GD patients with mild GO and 9 patients without GO were included in a further part of the study. Results Tear levels of LYZ (p < 0.001), LACRT (p = 0.004) and AZGP1 (p = 0.001) were significantly elevated in GD patients with moderate-to-severe GO compared to GD patients without GO. The discriminatory power of the three biomarkers, combined in a panel was confirmed by ROC plot analysis, with an AUC value of 0.93 (sensitivity of 95%; specificity of 80%). Since LYZ showed the best performance in discriminating between GD patients with (moderate-to-severe) and without GO (in combination with limited sample volume available), LYZ levels were also measured in tears from GD patients with mild GO and without GO. Significantly higher levels of LYZ were measured in GD patients with mild GO compared to those without GO (p = 0.003). Conclusions We have established a novel three-protein biomarker panel that is able to discriminate between GD patients with and without GO, which might aid in diagnostic evaluation of GO as well as an indicator for disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Aass
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Ingrid Norheim
- Deptartment of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik Fink Eriksen
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Deptartment of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Per Medbøe Thorsby
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Milaim Pepaj
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Lin H, Tan QP, Sui WG, Chen WB, Peng WJ, Liu XC, Dai Y. Differential proteomics analysis of liver failure in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation. Biomed Rep 2017; 6:167-174. [PMID: 28357068 PMCID: PMC5351387 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine differentially expressed proteome profiles for candidate biomarkers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of liver failure (LF) patients. Ten patients were diagnosed as LF and 10 age- and gender-matched subjects were recruited as healthy controls. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomic technology is efficiently applicable for identification and relative quantitation of the proteomes of PBMCs. Eight-plex iTRAQ coupled with strong cation exchange chromatography, and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry were used to analyze total proteins in LF patients and healthy control subjects. Molecular variations were detected using the iTRAQ method, and western blotting was used to verify the results. LF is a complex type of medical emergency that evolves following a catastrophic insult to the liver, and its outcome remains the most ominous of all gastroenterologic diseases. Serious complications tend to occur during the course of the disease and further exacerbate the problems. Using the iTRAQ method, differentially expressed proteome profiles of LF patients were determined. In the present study, 627 proteins with different expression levels were identified in LF patients compared with the control subjects; with 409 proteins upregulated and 218 proteins downregulated. Among them, four proteins were significantly differentially expressed; acylaminoacyl-peptide hydrolase and WW domain binding protein 2 were upregulated, and resistin and tubulin β 2A class IIa were downregulated. These proteins demonstrated differences in their expression levels compared with other proteins with normal expression levels and the significant positive correlation with LF. The western blot results were consistent with the results from iTRAQ. Thus, investigation of the molecular mechanism of the proteins involved in LF may facilitate an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of LF and elucidation of novel biomarker candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Lin
- Central Laboratory of Guilin 181st Hospital, Key laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Pei Tan
- Clinical Laboratory of 181st Hospital, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Guo Sui
- Central Laboratory of Guilin 181st Hospital, Key laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Biao Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Wu-Jian Peng
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Chao Liu
- Clinical Laboratory of 181st Hospital, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, P.R. China
| | - Yong Dai
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
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Soria J, Acera A, Durán JA, Boto-de-Los-Bueis A, Del-Hierro-Zarzuelo A, González N, Reigada R, Suárez T. The analysis of human conjunctival epithelium proteome in ocular surface diseases using impression cytology and 2D-DIGE. Exp Eye Res 2017; 167:31-43. [PMID: 28336260 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Conjunctival impression cytology samples from patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), dry eye (DE), and healthy subjects (CT) were collected for determination of the degree of squamous metaplasia (SM) by PAS-hematoxylin staining and for comparative proteomic analyses by 2D-DIGE. The protein spots with discriminant expression were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Three independent statistical studies were conducted: i). Analysis of differential protein expression between study groups: We observed increased expression of proteins S100A4, S100A8, retinal dehydrogenase-1, peroxiredoxin-1, annexin-A1, annexin-A2, α-enolase, and glutathione S-transferase-P in DE, whereas the highest expression of peroxiredoxin-6, actin cytoplasmic-1, peroxiredoxin-2, and heat shock protein HSP-90-α was observed in MGD; ii). Correlation between changes in the proteome profile and the grade of SM: The expression of 5 different cytokeratins (KRT1, KRT4, KRT8, KRT10, and KRT13) correlated with the degree of SM; iii). Proteome profile differences between pathological and CT groups: An overall proteome analysis revealed upregulation of 9 proteins in the pathological groups (Annexin-A1, α-enolase, Annexin-A2, S100A8, cytokeratin-1, Peroxiredoxin-2 and Leukocyte elastase inhibitor) and downregulation of 2 proteins (Galectin-3 and Lipocalin-1). In conclusion, a sensitive proteomic approach to study conjunctival tissue collected from minimally invasive impression cytology was implemented. Differential proteomics analyses showed that in comparison with the MGD, the DE patients presented higher overexpression of proteins related to antimicrobial defense, tissue-damage response, and regulation of body fluid secretions. Changes in MGD proteome were associated with oxidative stress and anti-apoptotic processes. We found a correlation between the grade of SM and expression of proteins associated with cytoskeleton and keratinization. The studied pathological groups shared elements related to the defense and inflammatory responses. Dot blot assays of proteins ANXA1, S100A8, and S100A4 validated the proteomic results obtained from 2D-DIGE experiments and confirmed the correlation between the expression of these proteins and the clinical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Soria
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Building 612, E-48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Arantxa Acera
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Building 612, E-48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Juan A Durán
- Instituto Clínico Quirúrgico de Oftalmología (ICQO), Virgen de Begoña Nº 34, E-48006 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | | | - Nerea González
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Building 612, E-48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Rebeca Reigada
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Building 612, E-48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Tatiana Suárez
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Building 612, E-48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
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Funke S, Perumal N, Bell K, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. The potential impact of recent insights into proteomic changes associated with glaucoma. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14:311-334. [PMID: 28271721 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1298448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glaucoma, a major ocular neuropathy, is still far from being understood on a molecular scale. Proteomic workflows revealed glaucoma associated alterations in different eye components. By using state-of-the-art mass spectrometric (MS) based discovery approaches large proteome datasets providing important information about glaucoma related proteins and pathways could be generated. Corresponding proteomic information could be retrieved from various ocular sample species derived from glaucoma experimental models or from original human material (e.g. optic nerve head or aqueous humor). However, particular eye tissues with the potential for understanding the disease's molecular pathomechanism remains underrepresented. Areas covered: The present review provides an overview of the analysis depth achieved for the glaucomatous eye proteome. With respect to different eye regions and biofluids, proteomics related literature was found using PubMed, Scholar and UniProtKB. Thereby, the review explores the potential of clinical proteomics for glaucoma research. Expert commentary: Proteomics will provide important contributions to understanding the molecular processes associated with glaucoma. Sensitive discovery and targeted MS approaches will assist understanding of the molecular interplay of different eye components and biofluids in glaucoma. Proteomic results will drive the comprehension of glaucoma, allowing a more stringent disease hypothesis within the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Funke
- a Experimental Ophthalmology , University Medical Center , Mainz , Germany
| | - Natarajan Perumal
- a Experimental Ophthalmology , University Medical Center , Mainz , Germany
| | - Katharina Bell
- a Experimental Ophthalmology , University Medical Center , Mainz , Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- a Experimental Ophthalmology , University Medical Center , Mainz , Germany
| | - Franz H Grus
- a Experimental Ophthalmology , University Medical Center , Mainz , Germany
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Liu Q, Liu J, Ren C, Cai W, Wei Q, Song Y, Yu J. Proteomic analysis of tears following acupuncture treatment for menopausal dry eye disease by two-dimensional nano-liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:1663-1671. [PMID: 28280333 PMCID: PMC5339014 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s126968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate whether acupuncture is effective at treating dry eye disease among postmenopausal women and to identify the possible mechanisms. METHODS Twenty-eight postmenopausal women with dry eye disease were randomly divided into two groups: an acupuncture plus artificial tears (AC + AT) group and an artificial tears (AT) only group. After baseline examination of clinical parameters and tear sample collection, each patient received the designated modality of topical therapy for 2 months. Post-treatment documentation of clinical parameters was recorded, and tear samples were collected. Tear samples from the AC + AT group were subjected to two-dimensional nano-liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (2D nano-LC-MS/MS). Western blot analysis was also performed on tear samples from both groups. RESULTS After treatment, the Ocular Surface Disease Index scores, symptom assessment scores, scores of sign assessment, and tear break-up time were significantly improved in both groups (P=0.000). Symptom assessment scores were significantly improved in the AC + AT group (P=0.000) compared with the AT group. 2D nano-LC-MS/MS identified 2,411 proteins, among which 142 were downregulated and 169 were upregulated. After combined AC + AT treatment, the abundance of secreted proteins was increased, whereas that of cytoplasmic proteins decreased (Pearson's χ2 test, P=0.000, P=0.000, respectively). Proteins involved in immunity and regulation were also more abundant (Pearson's χ2 test, P=0.040, P=0.016, respectively), while components and proliferation-related proteins were downregulated (Pearson's χ2 test, P=0.003, P=0.011, respectively). CONCLUSION AC + AT treatment increased protein synthesis and secretion, and improved clinical symptoms. These results indicate that acupuncture may be a complimentary therapy for treating postmenopausal dry eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Junling Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Chengda Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Wenting Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Qingquan Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanchang University, Nanchang
| | - Yi Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai
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Zhou L, Beuerman RW. The power of tears: how tear proteomics research could revolutionize the clinic. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14:189-191. [PMID: 28117610 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1285703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- a Singapore Eye Research Institute , Singapore.,b National University Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine - Ophthalmology , Singapore.,c Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School - Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Research Program , Singapore
| | - Roger W Beuerman
- a Singapore Eye Research Institute , Singapore.,b National University Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine - Ophthalmology , Singapore.,c Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School - Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Research Program , Singapore
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Milner MS, Beckman KA, Luchs JI, Allen QB, Awdeh RM, Berdahl J, Boland TS, Buznego C, Gira JP, Goldberg DF, Goldman D, Goyal RK, Jackson MA, Katz J, Kim T, Majmudar PA, Malhotra RP, McDonald MB, Rajpal RK, Raviv T, Rowen S, Shamie N, Solomon JD, Stonecipher K, Tauber S, Trattler W, Walter KA, Waring GO, Weinstock RJ, Wiley WF, Yeu E. Dysfunctional tear syndrome: dry eye disease and associated tear film disorders - new strategies for diagnosis and treatment. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2017; 27 Suppl 1:3-47. [PMID: 28099212 PMCID: PMC5345890 DOI: 10.1097/01.icu.0000512373.81749.b7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctional tear syndrome (DTS) is a common and complex condition affecting the ocular surface. The health and normal functioning of the ocular surface is dependent on a stable and sufficient tear film. Clinician awareness of conditions affecting the ocular surface has increased in recent years because of expanded research and the publication of diagnosis and treatment guidelines pertaining to disorders resulting in DTS, including the Delphi panel treatment recommendations for DTS (2006), the International Dry Eye Workshop (DEWS) (2007), the Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) Workshop (2011), and the updated Preferred Practice Pattern guidelines from the American Academy of Ophthalmology pertaining to dry eye and blepharitis (2013). Since the publication of the existing guidelines, new diagnostic techniques and treatment options that provide an opportunity for better management of patients have become available. Clinicians are now able to access a wealth of information that can help them obtain a differential diagnosis and treatment approach for patients presenting with DTS. This review provides a practical and directed approach to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with DTS, emphasizing treatment that is tailored to the specific disease subtype as well as the severity of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S. Milner
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven
- The Eye Center of Southern Connecticut, Hamden, Connecticut
- Mark S. Milner, Kenneth A. Beckman, and Jodi I. Luchs are co-chairs
| | - Kenneth A. Beckman
- Ohio State University, Columbus
- Comprehensive Eye Care of Central Ohio, Westerville, Ohio
- Mark S. Milner, Kenneth A. Beckman, and Jodi I. Luchs are co-chairs
| | - Jodi I. Luchs
- Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead
- South Shore Eye Care, Wantagh, New York
- Mark S. Milner, Kenneth A. Beckman, and Jodi I. Luchs are co-chairs
| | | | - Richard M. Awdeh
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Florida International University, and Center for Excellence in Eye Care, Miami, Florida
| | - John Berdahl
- Vance Thompson Vision, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Thomas S. Boland
- Northeastern Eye Institute, Scranton
- Commonwealth Medical College, Scranton, Pennsylvania
| | - Carlos Buznego
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Florida International University, and Center for Excellence in Eye Care, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Damien F. Goldberg
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, Los Angeles
- Wolstan & Goldberg Eye Associates, Torrance, California
| | | | - Raj K. Goyal
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago
- Chicago Eye Specialists
| | | | - James Katz
- Midwest Center for Sight, Des Plaines, Illinois
| | - Terry Kim
- Duke Eye Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Parag A. Majmudar
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago
- Chicago Cornea Consultants, Ltd, Hoffman Estates, Illinois
| | - Ranjan P. Malhotra
- Washington University Department of Ophthalmology and Ophthalmology Associates, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Marguerite B. McDonald
- NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Ophthalmic Consultants of Long Island, Lynbrook, New York
- The Center for Ocular Surface Excellence of New Jersey, Woodland Park, New Jersey
| | - Rajesh K. Rajpal
- Georgetown University Medical Center, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Tal Raviv
- New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai and Eye Center of New York, New York, New York
| | - Sheri Rowen
- NVision EyeCenters of Newport Beach, Newport Beach, California
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Neda Shamie
- Advanced Vision Care, Century City, California
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | | | - Karl Stonecipher
- University of North Carolina and TLC Laser Eye Centers, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | | | - William Trattler
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Florida International University, and Center for Excellence in Eye Care, Miami, Florida
| | | | - George O. Waring
- Storm Eye Institute and Magill Vision Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
- Clemson University, Mt. Pleasant, South Carolina
| | - Robert J. Weinstock
- University of South Florida, Tampa
- The Eye Institute of West Florida, Largo, Florida
| | - William F. Wiley
- Cleveland Eye Clinic, Clear Choice Custom LASIK Center, Brecksville, Ohio
| | - Elizabeth Yeu
- Eastern Virginia Medical School and Virginia Eye Consultants, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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Aass C, Norheim I, Eriksen EF, Børnick EC, Thorsby PM, Pepaj M. Comparative proteomic analysis of tear fluid in Graves' disease with and without orbitopathy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2016; 85:805-812. [PMID: 27256639 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is a severe organ-specific autoimmune inflammatory ocular complication most often associated with Graves' disease (GD). Besides the cosmetic problems these patients develop, GO may also cause severe, sight-threatening complications. Additionally, GO complicates the treatment of patients with GD, making the identification of Graves patients at risk for eye disease before they develop symptoms a critical step in the clinical management and quality of life of these patients. The high concentration of proteins in tear fluid makes it an important source for studying potential protein biomarkers for GO. PATIENTS AND METHODS The aim of this study was to quantitatively compare tear fluid from GD patients with moderate/severe GO (GO) and patients with GD without GO (controls) using untargeted quantitative proteomics based on dimethyl labelling in combination with two-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Among the 1212 proteins identified, 16 showed significant alterations in abundance between the two groups. Thus, in this study, we reveal a number of novel dysregulated proteins in GO which may contribute to a better understanding of the disease. In particular, upregulation of lacrimal gland proteins such as lysozyme C, lacritin, antileukoproteinase and zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 suggests involvement of the lacrimal gland in the pathogenesis of GO. CONCLUSIONS It remains to be elucidated whether some of these proteins can be used as markers for patients at risk for developing GO as well as useful indicators for disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Aass
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - I Norheim
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - E F Eriksen
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - E C Børnick
- University Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - P M Thorsby
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Pepaj
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Kandhavelu J, Demonte NL, Namperumalsamy VP, Prajna L, Thangavel C, Jayapal JM, Kuppamuthu D. Aspergillus flavus induced alterations in tear protein profile reveal pathogen-induced host response to fungal infection. J Proteomics 2016; 152:13-21. [PMID: 27789337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium sp. are primary causative agents of keratitis that results in corneal tissue damage leading to vision loss particularly in individuals from the tropical parts of the world. Proteins in the tear film collected from control and keratitis patients was profiled and compared. A total of 1873 proteins from control and 1400 proteins from patient tear were identified by mass spectrometry. While 847 proteins were found to be glycosylated in the patient tear, only 726 were glycosylated in control tear. And, some of the tear proteins showed alterations in their glycosylation pattern after infection. Complement system proteins, proteins specific for neutrophil extracellular traps and proteins involved in would healing were found only in the patient tear. The presence of these innate immune system proteins in the tear film of patients supports the previous data indicating the involvement of neutrophil and complement pathways in antifungal defense. High levels of wound healing proteins in keratitis patient tear implied activation of tissue repair during infection. The early appearance of the host defense proteins and wound healing response indicates that tear proteins could be used as an early marker system for monitoring the progression of pathogenesis. Identification of negative regulators of the above defense pathways in keratitis tear indicates an intricate balance of pro and anti-defense mechanisms operating in fungal infection of the eye. SIGNIFICANCE Tear proteins from control and mycotic keratitis patients were separated into glycoproteins and non-glycosylated proteins and then identified by mass spectrometry. Tear proteins from keratitis patients showed alteration in the glycosylation pattern indicating the alteration of glycosylation machinery due to infection. Neutrophil extracellular traps specific proteins, complement pathway proteins, as well as wound healing proteins, were found only in patient tear showing the activation of antifungal defense in the patient tear. Negative regulators of these defense pathways were also found in patient tear indicating a fine balance between pathogen clearance and host tissue destruction during fungal infection depending upon the individual specific host - pathogen interaction. This understanding could be used to predict the progression and outcome of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyalakshmi Kandhavelu
- Department of Proteomics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Dr. G. Venkataswamy Eye Research Institute, Aravind Eye Care System, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Naveen Luke Demonte
- Department of Proteomics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Dr. G. Venkataswamy Eye Research Institute, Aravind Eye Care System, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Lalitha Prajna
- Department of Ocular Microbiology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Aravind Eye Care System, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chitra Thangavel
- Department of Proteomics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Dr. G. Venkataswamy Eye Research Institute, Aravind Eye Care System, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeya Maheshwari Jayapal
- Department of Proteomics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Dr. G. Venkataswamy Eye Research Institute, Aravind Eye Care System, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dharmalingam Kuppamuthu
- Department of Proteomics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Dr. G. Venkataswamy Eye Research Institute, Aravind Eye Care System, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Licier R, Miranda E, Serrano H. A Quantitative Proteomics Approach to Clinical Research with Non-Traditional Samples. Proteomes 2016; 4:proteomes4040031. [PMID: 28248241 PMCID: PMC5260964 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes4040031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper handling of samples to be analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS) can guarantee excellent results and a greater depth of analysis when working in quantitative proteomics. This is critical when trying to assess non-traditional sources such as ear wax, saliva, vitreous humor, aqueous humor, tears, nipple aspirate fluid, breast milk/colostrum, cervical-vaginal fluid, nasal secretions, bronco-alveolar lavage fluid, and stools. We intend to provide the investigator with relevant aspects of quantitative proteomics and to recognize the most recent clinical research work conducted with atypical samples and analyzed by quantitative proteomics. Having as reference the most recent and different approaches used with non-traditional sources allows us to compare new strategies in the development of novel experimental models. On the other hand, these references help us to contribute significantly to the understanding of the proportions of proteins in different proteomes of clinical interest and may lead to potential advances in the emerging field of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rígel Licier
- Department of Medicine, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas 00727, Puerto Rico.
- Quantitative Proteomics Laboratory, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Puerto Rico, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico.
| | - Eric Miranda
- Quantitative Proteomics Laboratory, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Puerto Rico, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico.
| | - Horacio Serrano
- Quantitative Proteomics Laboratory, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Puerto Rico, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico.
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Abstract
: The tear film is a complex multilayer film consisting of various proteins, enzymes, and lipids and can express a number of biomarkers in cases of disease. The development of a contact lens sensor presents a noninvasive alternative for the detection and management of various diseases. Recent work has resulted in the commercialization of a device to monitor intraocular pressure for up to 24 h, and there are extensive efforts underway to develop a contact lens sensor capable of continuous glucose tear film monitoring to manage diabetes. This clinical perspective will highlight the major developments within this field and list some of the major challenges that still need to be addressed.
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Csősz É, Kalló G, Márkus B, Deák E, Csutak A, Tőzsér J. Quantitative body fluid proteomics in medicine - A focus on minimal invasiveness. J Proteomics 2016; 153:30-43. [PMID: 27542507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Identification of new biomarkers specific for various pathological conditions is an important field in medical sciences. Body fluids have emerging potential in biomarker studies especially those which are continuously available and can be collected by non-invasive means. Changes in the protein composition of body fluids such as tears, saliva, sweat, etc. may provide information on both local and systemic conditions of medical relevance. In this review, our aim is to discuss the quantitative proteomics techniques used in biomarker studies, and to present advances in quantitative body fluid proteomics of non-invasively collectable body fluids with relevance to biomarker identification. The advantages and limitations of the widely used quantitative proteomics techniques are also presented. Based on the reviewed literature, we suggest an ideal pipeline for body fluid analyses aiming at biomarkers discoveries: starting from identification of biomarker candidates by shotgun quantitative proteomics or protein arrays, through verification of potential biomarkers by targeted mass spectrometry, to the antibody-based validation of biomarkers. The importance of body fluids as a rich source of biomarkers is discussed. SIGNIFICANCE Quantitative proteomics is a challenging part of proteomics applications. The body fluids collected by non-invasive means have high relevance in medicine; they are good sources for biomarkers used in establishing the diagnosis, follow up of disease progression and predicting high risk groups. The review presents the most widely used quantitative proteomics techniques in body fluid analysis and lists the potential biomarkers identified in tears, saliva, sweat, nasal mucus and urine for local and systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Csősz
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gergő Kalló
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Márkus
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eszter Deák
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienne Csutak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Tőzsér
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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131
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Perumal N, Funke S, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. Proteomics analysis of human tears from aqueous-deficient and evaporative dry eye patients. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29629. [PMID: 27436115 PMCID: PMC4951640 DOI: 10.1038/srep29629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the high global prevalence of dry eye syndrome (DES), the fundamental processes underlying this pathology remain largely unexplored. Therefore, this study endeavoured to investigate in-depth the tear proteome of DES patients employing the mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic strategies. Eighty patients were recruited and subdivided into three major DES subgroups, which are the aqueous-deficient (DRYaq), evaporative (DRYlip) and a combination of the two (DRYaqlip), as well as healthy subjects (CTRL). Discovery proteomics strategy was employed to identify large number of significantly differentially expressed tear proteins in DRYlip vs. CTRL, DRYaq vs. CTRL and DRYaqlip vs. CTRL with 22, 58 and 67 proteins, respectively. Biological functional analysis demonstrated for the first time that various metabolic processes were highly expressed in DRYaq and DRYaqlip, which might modulate various other known processes, especially the inflammatory and immune processes. Targeted proteomics strategy verified that 13 major proteins were differentially expressed in specific DES subgroups, comprising of PRR4, ZG16B, SCGB2A1, DMBT1, PROL1, LACRT, ALDH3A1, ENO1, TF, S100A8, S100A9, PEBP1 and ORM1. In conclusion, this study had explored in-depth the pathology of DES by unravelling various new fundamental processes and the major proteins responsible for the maintenance of tear film stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Perumal
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Funke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franz H Grus
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Hagan S, Martin E, Enríquez-de-Salamanca A. Tear fluid biomarkers in ocular and systemic disease: potential use for predictive, preventive and personalised medicine. EPMA J 2016; 7:15. [PMID: 27413414 PMCID: PMC4942926 DOI: 10.1186/s13167-016-0065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the field of predictive, preventive and personalised medicine, researchers are keen to identify novel and reliable ways to predict and diagnose disease, as well as to monitor patient response to therapeutic agents. In the last decade alone, the sensitivity of profiling technologies has undergone huge improvements in detection sensitivity, thus allowing quantification of minute samples, for example body fluids that were previously difficult to assay. As a consequence, there has been a huge increase in tear fluid investigation, predominantly in the field of ocular surface disease. As tears are a more accessible and less complex body fluid (than serum or plasma) and sampling is much less invasive, research is starting to focus on how disease processes affect the proteomic, lipidomic and metabolomic composition of the tear film. By determining compositional changes to tear profiles, crucial pathways in disease progression may be identified, allowing for more predictive and personalised therapy of the individual. This article will provide an overview of the various putative tear fluid biomarkers that have been identified to date, ranging from ocular surface disease and retinopathies to cancer and multiple sclerosis. Putative tear fluid biomarkers of ocular disorders, as well as the more recent field of systemic disease biomarkers, will be shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Hagan
- Department of Life Sciences, Vision Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU ), G4 0BA Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Eilidh Martin
- Department of Life Sciences, Vision Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU ), G4 0BA Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Amalia Enríquez-de-Salamanca
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain ; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valladolid, Spain
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133
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Csősz É, Deák E, Kalló G, Csutak A, Tőzsér J. Diabetic retinopathy: Proteomic approaches to help the differential diagnosis and to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms. J Proteomics 2016; 150:351-358. [PMID: 27373871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is the most common diabetic eye disease and a leading cause of blindness among patients with diabetes. The appearance and the severity of the symptoms correlate with the duration of diabetes and poor blood glucose level management. Diabetic retinopathy is also categorized as a chronic low-level inflammatory disease; the high blood glucose level promotes the accumulation of the advanced glycation end products and leads to the stimulation of monocytes and macrophages. Examination of protein level alterations in tears using state-of the art proteomics techniques have identified several proteins as possible biomarkers for the different stages of the diabetic retinopathy. Some of the differentially expressed tear proteins have a role in the barrier function of tears linking the diabetic retinopathy with another eye complication of diabetes, namely the diabetic keratopathy resulting in impaired wound healing. Understanding the molecular events leading to the eye complications caused by hyperglycemia may help the identification of novel biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets in order to improve quality of life of diabetic patients. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the leading cause of blindness among diabetic patients can develop without any serious symptoms therefore the early detection is crucial. Because of the increasing prevalence there is a high need for improved screening methods able to diagnose DR as soon as possible. The non-invasive collection and the relatively high protein concentration make the tear fluid a good source for biomarker discovery helping the early diagnosis. In this work we have reviewed the administration of advanced proteomics techniques used in tear biomarker studies and the identified biomarkers with potential to improve the already existing screening methods for DR detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Csősz
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eszter Deák
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gergő Kalló
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienne Csutak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Tőzsér
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary.
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Kalló G, Emri M, Varga Z, Ujhelyi B, Tőzsér J, Csutak A, Csősz É. Changes in the Chemical Barrier Composition of Tears in Alzheimer's Disease Reveal Potential Tear Diagnostic Biomarkers. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158000. [PMID: 27327445 PMCID: PMC4915678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, with increasing prevalence affecting millions of people worldwide. Currently, only autopsy is able to confirm the diagnosis with a 100% certainty, therefore, biomarkers from body fluids obtained by non-invasive means provide an attractive alternative for the diagnosis of Alzheimer`s disease. Global changes of the protein profile were examined by quantitative proteomics; firstly, electrophoresis and LC-MS/MS were used, thereafter, SRM-based targeted proteomics method was developed and applied to examine quantitative changes of tear proteins. Alterations in the tear flow rate, total tear protein concentration and composition of the chemical barrier specific to AD were demonstrated, and the combination of lipocalin-1, dermcidin, lysozyme-C and lacritin was shown to be a potential biomarker, with an 81% sensitivity and 77% specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Kalló
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Miklós Emri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Varga
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Ujhelyi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Tőzsér
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienne Csutak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Csősz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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135
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Azkargorta M, Soria J, Acera A, Iloro I, Elortza F. Human tear proteomics and peptidomics in ophthalmology: Toward the translation of proteomic biomarkers into clinical practice. J Proteomics 2016; 150:359-367. [PMID: 27184738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tears are a complex biological mixture containing electrolytes, metabolites, lipids, mucins, some small organic molecules, and proteins. The tear film has various roles in the lubrication, protection from the external environment, and nutrition of the cornea; it is also involved in the modulation of the optical properties of the eye. Tear composition reflects the physiological condition of the underlying tissues. Therefore, the tear fluid is useful in the evaluation of health and disease states and it is a valuable source of biomarkers for objective analysis of ocular and systemic diseases. The relatively high protein concentration of this fluid and the ease of noninvasive sample collection make it suitable for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Efforts in proteomics research have positively affected to the field of ophthalmology, and the knowledge on the tear proteome has expanded considerably in the last few years. Nevertheless, despite a large amount of available data and the many biomarkers proposed for several eye and systemic diseases, the extent of translation to well-characterized and clinically useful tools has been largely insufficient. As for most of other biofluids, the road from discovery to clinical application is still long and full of pitfalls. In this review, we discuss the proteomic approaches used in the characterization of tear protein and peptide content, recapitulating the main studies and the progress done. We also present a brief summary of the path from discovery to clinical application of tear protein markers, with some representative examples of translation from the bench to the bedside. SIGNIFICANCE In this review we cover the most relevant proteomic approaches used in the characterization of the tear proteome, and for the first time we also focus in advances performed in the nowadays emerging peptide content characterization. In this context, we recapitulate on the main studies and the progresses done in this field. We also present a concise overview of the course that may be happen from discovery to clinical application for tear protein markers. Finally we include some representative examples of translation from the bench to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Azkargorta
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Javier Soria
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Arantxa Acera
- Bioftalmik Applied Research, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Ibon Iloro
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Felix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Derio, Spain.
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136
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Sun G, Cao C, Chen W, Zhang Y, Dai Y. Differential proteomic analysis of respiratory failure in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using iTRAQ technology. Biomed Rep 2016; 4:573-577. [PMID: 27123249 PMCID: PMC4840512 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory failure (RF) is a state in which the respiratory system fails by its gas exchange functions. Failure of the lung, which is caused by all types of lung diseases, leads to hypoxaemia with type I respiratory failure. Failure of the pump leads to hypercapnia or type II respiratory failure. Using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technology to identify and quantify the total proteins in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of RF patients and identify the differentially expressed proteome. The present study analyzed the total proteins in the PBMCs of RF patients and healthy controls using the eight-plex iTRAQ added with strong cation-exchange chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The differentially expressed proteins were identified by MASCOT. A total of 4,795 differentially expressed proteins were identified, and 403 proteins were upregulated and 421 were downregulated. Among them, 4 proteins were significantly differentially expressed, which were upregulated KIAA1520 protein and γ fibrinogen type B (AA at 202) and downregulated chain A, crystal structure of recombinant human platelet factor 4 and myosin regulatory light polypeptide 9. iTRAQ technology is suitable for identifying and quantifying the proteome in the PBMCs of RF patients. The differentially expressed proteins of RF patients have been identified in the present study, and further research of the molecular mechanism of the differentially expressed proteins is required to clarify the pathogenesis and identify novel biomarkers of RF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Sun
- Central Laboratory of Pingshan New District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Cuihui Cao
- Central Laboratory of Pingshan New District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Wenbiao Chen
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Pingshan New District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
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Fini ME, Bauskar A, Jeong S, Wilson MR. Clusterin in the eye: An old dog with new tricks at the ocular surface. Exp Eye Res 2016; 147:57-71. [PMID: 27131907 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The multifunctional protein clusterin (CLU) was first described in 1983 as a secreted glycoprotein present in ram rete testis fluid that enhanced aggregation ('clustering') of a variety of cells in vitro. It was also independently discovered in a number of other systems. By the early 1990s, CLU was known under many names and its expression had been demonstrated throughout the body, including in the eye. Its homeostatic activities in proteostasis, cytoprotection, and anti-inflammation have been well documented, however its roles in health and disease are still not well understood. CLU is prominent at fluid-tissue interfaces, and in 1996 it was demonstrated to be the most highly expressed transcript in the human cornea, the protein product being localized to the apical layers of the mucosal epithelia of the cornea and conjunctiva. CLU protein is also present in human tears. Using a preclinical mouse model for desiccating stress that mimics human dry eye disease, the authors recently demonstrated that CLU prevents and ameliorates ocular surface barrier disruption by a remarkable sealing mechanism dependent on attainment of a critical all-or-none concentration in the tears. When the CLU level drops below the critical all-or-none threshold, the barrier becomes vulnerable to desiccating stress. CLU binds selectively to the ocular surface subjected to desiccating stress in vivo, and in vitro to LGALS3 (galectin-3), a key barrier component. Positioned in this way, CLU not only physically seals the ocular surface barrier, but it also protects the barrier cells and prevents further damage to barrier structure. CLU depletion from the ocular surface epithelia is seen in a variety of inflammatory conditions in humans and mice that lead to squamous metaplasia and a keratinized epithelium. This suggests that CLU might have a specific role in maintaining mucosal epithelial differentiation, an idea that can now be tested using the mouse model for desiccating stress. Most excitingly, the new findings suggest that CLU could serve as a novel biotherapeutic for dry eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elizabeth Fini
- USC Institute for Genetic Medicine and Departments of Cell & Neurobiology and Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcatraz St., Suite 240, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9037, USA.
| | - Aditi Bauskar
- USC Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate Program in Medical Biology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcatraz St., Suite 240, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9037, USA.
| | - Shinwu Jeong
- USC Institute for Genetic Medicine and Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcatraz St., Suite 240, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9037, USA.
| | - Mark R Wilson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522 Australia.
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138
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Ihnatko R, Eden U, Fagerholm P, Lagali N. Congenital Aniridia and the Ocular Surface. Ocul Surf 2015; 14:196-206. [PMID: 26738798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aniridia is a congenital pan-ocular disorder caused by haplo-insufficiency of Pax6, a crucial gene for proper development of the eye. Aniridia affects a range of eye structures, including the cornea, iris, anterior chamber angle, lens, and fovea. The ocular surface, in particular, can be severely affected by a progressive pathology termed aniridia-associated keratopathy (AAK), markedly contributing to impaired vision. The purpose of this review is to provide an update of the current knowledge of the genetic, clinical, micro-morphological, and molecular aspects of AAK. We draw upon material presented in the literature and from our own observations in large aniridia cohorts. We summarize signs and symptoms of AAK, describe current options for management, and discuss the latest research findings that may lead to better diagnosis and new treatment or prevention strategies for this debilitating ocular surface condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ihnatko
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ulla Eden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Per Fagerholm
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Neil Lagali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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139
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Lacritin Salvages Human Corneal Epithelial Cells from Lipopolysaccharide Induced Cell Death. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18362. [PMID: 26670139 PMCID: PMC4680935 DOI: 10.1038/srep18362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity of the corneal epithelium is conferred by proteinaceous secretions from the epithelium and associated lacrimal and meibomian glands. Lacritin, an eye-specific protein with anti-microbial, cytoprotective and wound-healing properties, predominantly secreted by lacrimal glands, is absent in conditions such as Dry eye and Keratitis. In view of the biological significance of lacritin in human eye, we investigated its role in human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced infection. LPS-challenged HCE cells demonstrated apoptosis-mediated cell death and elevated lacritin levels. The LPS-induced cell death is alleviated with exogenous supplementation of recombinant lacritin. This cytoprotective effect of lacritin is mediated through Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). This study is the first to highlight the protective role of lacritin and mechanism of its action during bacterial infection of cornea in vitro.
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140
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Bottom–up protein identifications from microliter quantities of individual human tear samples. Important steps towards clinical relevance. EUPA OPEN PROTEOMICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euprot.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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141
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Peterson RA, Gueniche A, Adam de Beaumais S, Breton L, Dalko-Csiba M, Packer NH. Sweating the small stuff: Glycoproteins in human sweat and their unexplored potential for microbial adhesion. Glycobiology 2015; 26:218-29. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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142
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Improving Diagnosis and Outcomes of Sjögren's Disease through Targeting Dry Eye Patients: A Continuing Medical Education Enduring Material. Ocul Surf 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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143
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Kalló G, Chatterjee A, Tóth M, Rajnavölgyi É, Csutak A, Tőzsér J, Csősz É. Relative quantification of human β-defensins by a proteomics approach based on selected reaction monitoring. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:1623-1631. [PMID: 26467114 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A targeted proteomics method based on selected reaction monitoring (SRM) is a relevant approach for the analysis of multiple analytes in biological samples. Defensins are phylogenetically conserved small antimicrobial peptides contributing to innate host defense and exhibiting low immunogenicity, resistance to proteolysis and a broad range of antimicrobial activities. The goal of the present study was to develop and optimize SRM-based targeted proteomics methods for the detection of human β-defensins 1-4 in various biological fluids. METHODS An SRM-based targeted proteomics method was developed and validated for the detection of human β-defensins 1-4. The supernatants of resting and IL-1β-stimulated Caco2, HT-29 and SW-1116 colonic epithelial cells (CEC), cell lysates of CECs and tear samples of human healthy individuals were analyzed and the feasibility of the developed method was validated by ELISA and dot-blot analysis complemented by RT-qPCR. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that the developed SRM method offers an alternative approach for the cost-effective and rapid analysis of human β-defensins in samples with biological relevance. CONCLUSIONS A semi-quantitative targeted mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the relative quantification of β-defensins 1-4 in cell culture supernatants and body fluid analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Kalló
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter. 1, 4010, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Arunima Chatterjee
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter. 1, 4010, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Márta Tóth
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter. 1, 4010, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Rajnavölgyi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter. 1, 4010, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienne Csutak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter. 1, 4010, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Tőzsér
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter. 1, 4010, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Csősz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter. 1, 4010, Debrecen, Hungary
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Perumal N, Funke S, Wolters D, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. Characterization of human reflex tear proteome reveals high expression of lacrimal proline-rich protein 4 (PRR4). Proteomics 2015; 15:3370-81. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Perumal
- Department of Ophthalmology; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Mainz Germany
| | - Sebastian Funke
- Department of Ophthalmology; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Mainz Germany
| | - Dominik Wolters
- Department of Ophthalmology; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Mainz Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Mainz Germany
| | - Franz H. Grus
- Department of Ophthalmology; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Mainz Germany
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145
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Lacritin and other autophagy associated proteins in ocular surface health. Exp Eye Res 2015; 144:4-13. [PMID: 26318608 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Advantage may be taken of macroautophagy ('autophagy') to promote ocular health. Autophagy continually captures aged or damaged cellular material for lysosomal degradation and recyling. When autophagic flux is chronically elevated, or alternatively deficient, health suffers. Chronic elevation of flux and stress are the consequence of inflammatory cytokines or of dry eye tears but not normal tears invitro. Exogenous tear protein lacritin transiently accelerates flux to restore homeostasis invitro and corneal health invivo, and yet the monomeric active form of lacritin appears to be selectively deficient in dry eye. Tissue transglutaminase-dependent cross-linking of monomer decreases monomer quantity and monomer affinity for coreceptor syndecan-1 thereby abrogating activity. Tissue transglutaminase is elevated in dry eye. Mutation of arylsulfatase A, arylsulfatase B, ceroid-lipofuscinosis neuronal 3, mucolipin, or Niemann-Pick disease type C1 respectively underlie several diseases of apparently insufficient autophagic flux that affect the eye, including: metachromatic leukodystrophy, mucopolysaccharidosis type VI, juvenile-onset Batten disease, mucolipidosis IV, and Niemann-Pick type C associated with myelin sheath destruction of corneal sensory and ciliary nerves and of the optic nerve; corneal clouding, ocular hypertension, glaucoma and optic nerve atrophy; accumulation of 'ceroid-lipofuscin' in surface conjunctival cells, and in ganglion and neuronal cells; decreased visual acuity and retinal dystrophy; and neurodegeneration. For some, enzyme or gene replacement, or substrate reduction, therapy is proving to be successful. Here we discuss examples of restoring ocular surface homeostasis through alteration of autophagy, with particular attention to lacritin.
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146
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Chen L, Li J, Guo T, Ghosh S, Koh SK, Tian D, Zhang L, Jia D, Beuerman RW, Aebersold R, Chan ECY, Zhou L. Global Metabonomic and Proteomic Analysis of Human Conjunctival Epithelial Cells (IOBA-NHC) in Response to Hyperosmotic Stress. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:3982-95. [PMID: 26260330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
"Dry eye" is a multifactorial inflammatory disease affecting the ocular surface. Tear hyperosmolarity in dry eye contributes to inflammation and cell damage. Recent research efforts on dry eye have been directed toward biomarker discovery for diagnosis, response to treatment, and disease mechanisms. This study employed a spontaneously immortalized normal human conjunctival cell line, IOBA-NHC, as a model to investigate hyperosmotic stress-induced changes of metabolites and proteins. Global and targeted metabonomic analyses as well as proteomic analysis were performed on IOBA-NHC cells incubated in serum-free media at 280 (control), 380, and 480 mOsm for 24 h. Twenty-one metabolites and seventy-six iTRAQ-identified proteins showed significant changes under at least one hyperosmotic stress treatment as compared with controls. SWATH-based proteomic analysis further confirmed the involvement of inflammatory pathways such as prostaglandin 2 synthesis in IOBA-NHC cells under hyperosmotic stress. This study is the first to identify glycerophosphocholine synthesis and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation as key activated pathways in ocular surface cells under hyperosmotic stress. These findings extend the current knowledge in metabolite markers of dry eye and provide potential therapeutic targets for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Chen
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore , 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jing Li
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 7, Singapore 119228, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tiannan Guo
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich , Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program & Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School , 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Siew Kwan Koh
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Dechao Tian
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore , 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Liang Zhang
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore , 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Deyong Jia
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Roger W Beuerman
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 7, Singapore 119228, Singapore.,Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School , 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Ruedi Aebersold
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich , Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Science, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore , 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Lei Zhou
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 7, Singapore 119228, Singapore.,Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School , 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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147
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Aass C, Norheim I, Eriksen EF, Thorsby PM, Pepaj M. Single unit filter-aided method for fast proteomic analysis of tear fluid. Anal Biochem 2015; 480:1-5. [PMID: 25862084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human tear fluid is a complex mixture containing high concentrations of proteins and is increasingly becoming an important source for studying protein biomarkers of eye-related diseases such as Graves' ophthalmopathy. Today, the Schirmer tear test is the most widely used technique for tear collection. However, sample handling and protein extraction from these strips have been highly challenging. Cutting and removal of the Schirmer strips after extraction, which may lead to sample loss prior to downstream analysis, are some of the challenges to consider. To address some of these limitations, we have developed a single-unit filter-aided method for both sample handling and protein extraction. In addition, we systematically investigated the most suitable conditions for protein extraction from these strips. Among the different extraction conditions applied, extraction with 100 mM ammonium bicarbonate containing 50 mM NaCl resulted in the highest number of identified proteins using one-dimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Moreover, 1526 proteins were identified when the optimized extraction method was combined with two-dimensional LC-MS/MS analysis, demonstrating the applicability of this novel approach to the study of the tear proteome. This dataset of identified proteins represents a comprehensive catalogue of the tear proteome and may serve as a list for future biomarker research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Aass
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ingrid Norheim
- Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik Fink Eriksen
- Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Per M Thorsby
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Milaim Pepaj
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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148
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Quantitation of 47 human tear proteins using high resolution multiple reaction monitoring (HR-MRM) based-mass spectrometry. J Proteomics 2015; 115:36-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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149
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Pieragostino D, D'Alessandro M, di Ioia M, Di Ilio C, Sacchetta P, Del Boccio P. Unraveling the molecular repertoire of tears as a source of biomarkers: beyond ocular diseases. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 9:169-86. [PMID: 25488355 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Proteomics and metabolomics investigations of body fluids present several challenges for biomarker discovery of several diseases. The search for biomarkers is actually conducted in different body fluids, even if the ideal biomarker can be found in an easily accessible biological fluid, because, if validated, the biomarker could be sought in the healthy population. In this regard, tears could be considered an optimum material obtained by noninvasive procedures. In the past years, the scientific community has become more interested in the study of tears for the research of new biomarkers not only for ocular diseases. In this review, we provide a discussion on the current state of biomarkers research in tears and their relevance for clinical practice, and report the main results of clinical proteomics studies on systemic and eye diseases. We summarize the main methods for tear samples analyses and report recent advances in "omics" platforms for tears investigations. Moreover, we want to take stock of the emerging field of metabolomics and lipidomics as a new and integrated approach to study protein-metabolites interplay for biomarkers research, where tears represent a still unexplored and attractive field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiana Pieragostino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti- Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Research Centre on Aging (Ce.S.I.), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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150
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Lygirou V, Makridakis M, Vlahou A. Biological sample collection for clinical proteomics: existing SOPs. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1243:3-27. [PMID: 25384737 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1872-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Proteomic study of clinical samples aims at the better understanding of physiological and pathological conditions, as well as the discovery of diagnostic and prognostic markers for the latter. Quantitative and/or qualitative variations of body fluid proteome may reflect health- or disease-associated events connected to the adjacent or distant body regions of the fluid production/secretion/excretion and/or systemic reactions to the presence of disease. Sample collection and preparation is a critical step in order to obtain useful and valid information in clinical proteomics analysis. In this chapter, we present the current protocols and guidelines for human body fluid collection and storage, prior to proteomic analysis. A variety of body fluids that are currently being used in proteomic analysis and have potential interest in clinical practice are presented including blood plasma and serum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, cerumen, nasal secretions, saliva, tears, breast milk, bronchoalveolar fluid, nipple aspirate fluid, amniotic fluid, bile, cervico-vaginal fluid, and seminal plasma. With no doubt these body fluids differ in the extent of their application in clinical proteomics investigations, hence in some cases the presented SOPs are established following more extensive testing (e.g., plasma, serum, urine, CSF) than others (nasal secretions, saliva, tears, breast milk, bronchoalveolar fluid, nipple aspirate fluid, amniotic fluid, bile, cervico-vaginal fluid, and seminal plasma). However, even in these latter cases, the presented protocols were reported by at least two independent groups according to the literature. We hope they can thus serve as a reliable guide for sample collection based on our current knowledge in the field and excellent starting points for proteomics investigators. It should also be pointed that variations to these protocols exist and their further refinement in the future is foreseen following the evolution of the proteomics technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Lygirou
- Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
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