101
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Rollins L, Cloude EB. Development of mnemonic discrimination during childhood. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:294-297. [PMID: 29764975 PMCID: PMC5959226 DOI: 10.1101/lm.047142.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined mnemonic discrimination in 5- and 6-yr-old children, 8- and 9-yr-old children, 11- and 12-yr-old children, and young adults. Participants incidentally encoded pictorial stimuli and subsequently judged whether targets (i.e., repeated stimuli), lures (i.e., mnemonically related stimuli), and foils (i.e., novel stimuli) were old, similar, or new. Compared to older age groups, younger children were more likely to (1) incorrectly identify lures as “old” (rather than “similar”) and (2) fail to recognize lures altogether, especially when lures were more mnemonically distinct from targets. These results suggest age-related improvements in pattern separation and pattern completion during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Rollins
- Department of Psychology, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Cloude
- Department of Psychology, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.,Department of Psychology at North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, USA
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102
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Craig M, Dewar M. Rest-related consolidation protects the fine detail of new memories. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6857. [PMID: 29717187 PMCID: PMC5931514 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25313-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Newly encoded memories are labile and consolidate over time. The importance of sleep in memory consolidation has been well known for almost a decade. However, recent research has shown that awake quiescence, too, can support consolidation: people remember more new memories if they quietly rest after encoding than if they engage in a task. It is not yet known how exactly this rest-related consolidation benefits new memories, and whether it affects the fine detail of new memories. Using a sensitive picture recognition task, we show that awake quiescence aids the fine detail of new memories. Young adults were significantly better at discriminating recently encoded target pictures from similar lure pictures when the initial encoding of target pictures had been followed immediately by 10 minutes of awake quiescence than an unrelated perceptual task. This novel finding indicates that, in addition to influencing how much we remember, our behavioural state during wakeful consolidation determines, at least in part, the level of fine detail of our new memories. Thus, our results suggest that rest-related consolidation protects the fine detail of new memories, allowing us to retain detailed memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Craig
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom.
| | - Michaela Dewar
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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103
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Berron D, Neumann K, Maass A, Schütze H, Fliessbach K, Kiven V, Jessen F, Sauvage M, Kumaran D, Düzel E. Age-related functional changes in domain-specific medial temporal lobe pathways. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 65:86-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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104
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Belblidia H, Leger M, Abdelmalek A, Quiedeville A, Calocer F, Boulouard M, Jozet-Alves C, Freret T, Schumann-Bard P. Characterizing age-related decline of recognition memory and brain activation profile in mice. Exp Gerontol 2018. [PMID: 29524468 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Episodic memory decline is one of the earlier deficits occurring during normal aging in humans. The question of spatial versus non-spatial sensitivity to age-related memory decline is of importance for a full understanding of these changes. Here, we characterized the effect of normal aging on both non-spatial (object) and spatial (object location) memory performances as well as on associated neuronal activation in mice. Novel-object (NOR) and object-location (OLR) recognition tests, respectively assessing the identity and spatial features of object memory, were examined at different ages. We show that memory performances in both tests were altered by aging as early as 15 months of age: NOR memory was partially impaired whereas OLR memory was found to be fully disrupted at 15 months of age. Brain activation profiles were assessed for both tests using immunohistochemical detection of c-Fos (neuronal activation marker) in 3and 15 month-old mice. Normal performances in NOR task by 3 month-old mice were associated to an activation of the hippocampus and a trend towards an activation in the perirhinal cortex, in a way that did significantly differ with 15 month-old mice. During OLR task, brain activation took place in the hippocampus in 3 month-old but not significantly in 15 month-old mice, which were fully impaired at this task. These differential alterations of the object- and object-location recognition memory may be linked to differential alteration of the neuronal networks supporting these tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassina Belblidia
- Université de Caen Normandie, UFR SANTE, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, INSERM UMR 1075, COMETE-MOBILITES "Vieillissement, Pathologie, Santé", 14032 Caen, France; Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene USTHB, Département de biologie, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Comportementales et Cognitives, 16111 Alger, Algeria; Université M'hamed Bougara UMBB, Faculté des Sciences, 35000 Boumerdès, Algeria
| | - Marianne Leger
- Université de Caen Normandie, UFR SANTE, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, INSERM UMR 1075, COMETE-MOBILITES "Vieillissement, Pathologie, Santé", 14032 Caen, France
| | - Abdelouadoud Abdelmalek
- Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene USTHB, Département de biologie, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Comportementales et Cognitives, 16111 Alger, Algeria
| | - Anne Quiedeville
- Université de Caen Normandie, UFR SANTE, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, INSERM UMR 1075, COMETE-MOBILITES "Vieillissement, Pathologie, Santé", 14032 Caen, France
| | - Floriane Calocer
- Université de Caen Normandie, UFR SANTE, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, INSERM UMR 1075, COMETE-MOBILITES "Vieillissement, Pathologie, Santé", 14032 Caen, France
| | - Michel Boulouard
- Université de Caen Normandie, UFR SANTE, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, INSERM UMR 1075, COMETE-MOBILITES "Vieillissement, Pathologie, Santé", 14032 Caen, France
| | | | - Thomas Freret
- Université de Caen Normandie, UFR SANTE, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, INSERM UMR 1075, COMETE-MOBILITES "Vieillissement, Pathologie, Santé", 14032 Caen, France
| | - Pascale Schumann-Bard
- Université de Caen Normandie, UFR SANTE, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, INSERM UMR 1075, COMETE-MOBILITES "Vieillissement, Pathologie, Santé", 14032 Caen, France.
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105
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Aldi GA, Lange I, Gigli C, Goossens L, Schruers KR, Cosci F. Validation of the Mnemonic Similarity Task - Context Version. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 40:432-440. [PMID: 29412339 PMCID: PMC6899373 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2017-2379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Pattern separation (PS) is the ability to represent similar experiences as separate, non-overlapping representations. It is usually assessed via the Mnemonic Similarity Task – Object Version (MST-O) which, however, assesses PS performance without taking behavioral context discrimination into account, since it is based on pictures of everyday simple objects on a white background. We here present a validation study for a new task, the Mnemonic Similarity Task – Context Version (MST-C), which is designed to measure PS while taking behavioral context discrimination into account by using real-life context photographs. Methods: Fifty healthy subjects underwent the two MST tasks to assess convergent evidence. Instruments assessing memory and attention were also administered to study discriminant evidence. The test-retest reliability of MST-C was analyzed. Results: Weak evidence supports convergent validity between the MST-C task and the MST-O as measures of PS (rs = 0.464; p < 0.01); PS performance assessed via the MST-C did not correlate with memory or attention; a moderate test-retest reliability was found (rs = 0.595; p < 0.01). Conclusion: The MST-C seems useful for assessing PS performance conceptualized as the ability to discriminate complex and realistic spatial contexts. Future studies are welcome to evaluate the validity of the MST-C task as a measure of PS in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia A Aldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Iris Lange
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Cristiana Gigli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Lies Goossens
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen R Schruers
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Fiammetta Cosci
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
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106
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Leal SL, Yassa MA. Integrating new findings and examining clinical applications of pattern separation. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:163-173. [PMID: 29371654 PMCID: PMC5898810 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-017-0065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pattern separation, the ability to independently represent and store similar experiences, is a crucial facet of episodic memory. Growing evidence suggests that the hippocampus possesses unique circuitry that is computationally capable of resolving mnemonic interference by using pattern separation. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of this process and evaluate the caveats and limitations of linking across animal and human studies. We summarize clinical and translational studies using methods that are sensitive to pattern separation impairments, an approach that stems from the fact that the hippocampus is a major site of disruption in many brain disorders. We critically evaluate the assumptions that guide fundamental and translational studies in this area. Finally, we suggest guidelines for future research and offer ways to overcome potential interpretational challenges to increase the utility of pattern separation as a construct that can further understanding of both memory processes and brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Leal
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Yassa
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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107
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Dillon SE, Tsivos D, Knight M, McCann B, Pennington C, Shiel AI, Conway ME, Newson MA, Kauppinen RA, Coulthard EJ. The impact of ageing reveals distinct roles for human dentate gyrus and CA3 in pattern separation and object recognition memory. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14069. [PMID: 29070813 PMCID: PMC5656671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13853-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Both recognition of familiar objects and pattern separation, a process that orthogonalises overlapping events, are critical for effective memory. Evidence is emerging that human pattern separation requires dentate gyrus. Dentate gyrus is intimately connected to CA3 where, in animals, an autoassociative network enables recall of complete memories to underpin object/event recognition. Despite huge motivation to treat age-related human memory disorders, interaction between human CA3 and dentate subfields is difficult to investigate due to small size and proximity. We tested the hypothesis that human dentate gyrus is critical for pattern separation, whereas, CA3 underpins identical object recognition. Using 3 T MR hippocampal subfield volumetry combined with a behavioural pattern separation task, we demonstrate that dentate gyrus volume predicts accuracy and response time during behavioural pattern separation whereas CA3 predicts performance in object recognition memory. Critically, human dentate gyrus volume decreases with age whereas CA3 volume is age-independent. Further, decreased dentate gyrus volume, and no other subfield volume, mediates adverse effects of aging on memory. Thus, we demonstrate distinct roles for CA3 and dentate gyrus in human memory and uncover the variegated effects of human ageing across hippocampal regions. Accurate pinpointing of focal memory-related deficits will allow future targeted treatment for memory loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena E Dillon
- Bristol Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.,School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, 12A Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK
| | - Demitra Tsivos
- Bristol Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.,School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Building, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Michael Knight
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, 12A Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK
| | - Bryony McCann
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, 12A Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK
| | - Catherine Pennington
- Bristol Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.,School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Building, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Anna I Shiel
- Department of Applied Science, University of West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Myra E Conway
- Department of Applied Science, University of West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Margaret A Newson
- Bristol Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.,School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, 12A Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK
| | - Risto A Kauppinen
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, 12A Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK
| | - Elizabeth J Coulthard
- Bristol Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK. .,School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Building, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
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108
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Birkel L. Decreased use of spatial pattern separation in contemporary lifestyles may contribute to hippocampal atrophy and diminish mental health. Med Hypotheses 2017; 107:55-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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109
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Carlyle M, Dumay N, Roberts K, McAndrew A, Stevens T, Lawn W, Morgan CJA. Improved memory for information learnt before alcohol use in social drinkers tested in a naturalistic setting. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6213. [PMID: 28740085 PMCID: PMC5524957 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06305-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is known to facilitate memory if given after learning information in the laboratory; we aimed to investigate whether this effect can be found when alcohol is consumed in a naturalistic setting. Eighty-eight social drinkers were randomly allocated to either an alcohol self-dosing or a sober condition. The study assessed both retrograde facilitation and alcohol induced memory impairment using two independent tasks. In the retrograde task, participants learnt information in their own homes, and then consumed alcohol ad libitum. Participants then undertook an anterograde memory task of alcohol impairment when intoxicated. Both memory tasks were completed again the following day. Mean amount of alcohol consumed was 82.59 grams over the evening. For the retrograde task, as predicted, both conditions exhibited similar performance on the memory task immediately following learning (before intoxication) yet performance was better when tested the morning after encoding in the alcohol condition only. The anterograde task did not reveal significant differences in memory performance post-drinking. Units of alcohol drunk were positively correlated with the amount of retrograde facilitation the following morning. These findings demonstrate the retrograde facilitation effect in a naturalistic setting, and found it to be related to the self-administered grams of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Carlyle
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (PARC), University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Nicolas Dumay
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (PARC), University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,BCBL, Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Karen Roberts
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (PARC), University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Amy McAndrew
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (PARC), University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Tobias Stevens
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (PARC), University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Will Lawn
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (PARC), University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Celia J A Morgan
- Psychopharmacology and Addiction Research Centre (PARC), University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
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110
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Stark SM, Stark CEL. Age-related deficits in the mnemonic similarity task for objects and scenes. Behav Brain Res 2017; 333:109-117. [PMID: 28673769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Using the Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST), we have demonstrated an age-related impairment in lure discrimination, or the ability to recognize an item as distinct from one that was similar, but not identical to one viewed earlier. A growing body of evidence links these behavioral changes to age-related alterations in the hippocampus. In this study, we sought to evaluate a novel version of this task, utilizing scenes that might emphasize the role of the hippocampus in contextual and spatial processing. In addition, we investigated whether, by utilizing two stimulus classes (scenes and objects), we could also interrogate the roles of the PRC and PHC in aging. Thus, we evaluated differential contributions to these tasks by relating performance on objects versus scenes to volumes of the hippocampus and surrounding medial temporal lobe structures. We found that while there was an age-related impairment on lure discrimination performance for both objects and scenes, relationships to brain volumes and other measure of memory performance were stronger when using objects. In particular, lure discrimination performance for objects showed a positive relationship with the volume of the hippocampus, specifically the combined dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3 subfields, and the subiculum. We conclude that though using scenes was effective in detecting age-related lure discrimination impairments, it does not provide as strong a brain-behavior relationship as using objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna M Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, United States
| | - Craig E L Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, United States; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, United States.
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111
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Trelle AN, Henson RN, Green DAE, Simons JS. Declines in representational quality and strategic retrieval processes contribute to age-related increases in false recognition. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 2017; 43:1883-1897. [PMID: 28530412 PMCID: PMC5729965 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In a Yes/No object recognition memory test with similar lures, older adults typically exhibit elevated rates of false recognition. However, the contributions of impaired retrieval, relative to reduced availability of target details, are difficult to disentangle using such a test. The present investigation sought to decouple these factors by comparing performance on a Yes/No (YN) test to that on a Forced Choice (FC) test, which minimizes demands on strategic retrieval processes, enabling a more direct measure of the availability of object details. Older adults exhibited increased lure false recognition across test formats (Experiment 1), suggesting a decline in the availability of object details contributes to deficits in performance. Manipulating interference by varying the number of objects studied selectively enhanced performance in the FC test, resulting in matched performance across groups, whereas age differences in YN performance persisted (Experiment 2), indicating an additional contribution of impaired strategic retrieval. Consistent with differential sensitivity of test format to strategic retrieval and the quality of stimulus representations among older adults, variability in the quality of object representations, measured using a perceptual discrimination task, was selectively related to FC performance. In contrast, variability in memory control processes, as measured with tests of recall and executive function, was related to performance across test formats. These results suggest that both declines in the availability of object details and impaired retrieval of object details contribute to elevated rates of lure false recognition with age, and highlight the utility of test format for dissociating these factors in memory-impaired populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jon S Simons
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge
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112
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Camfield DA, Fontana R, Wesnes KA, Mills J, Croft RJ. Effects of aging and depression on mnemonic discrimination ability. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2017; 25:464-483. [PMID: 28506139 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2017.1325827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Aging and depression have been found to be associated with poorer performance in mnemonic discrimination. In the current study, a two-response format mnemonic similarity test, Cognitive Drug Research MST, was used to compare these effects. Seventy-six participants were tested; with 52 participants in the young group, aged 18-35 years, and 24 participants in the elderly group, aged 55 years or older. Twenty-two young participants and 10 elderly participants met DSM-IV criteria for MDD or dysthymia. Age-related deficits were found for lure identification and speed of response. Differences in speed of responses to lure images were found for younger depressed participants, and depressive symptom severity was found to be negatively associated with lure identification accuracy in the elderly. These findings may be viewed as putative behavioral correlates of decreased pattern separation ability, which may be indicative of altered hippocampal neurogenesis in aging and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Camfield
- a School of Psychology , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , Australia.,b Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , Australia
| | - R Fontana
- a School of Psychology , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , Australia
| | - K A Wesnes
- c Wesnes Cognition Ltd, Little Paddock, Streatley Hill, Streatley on Thames , Reading , UK.,d Centre for Human Psychopharmacology , Swinburne University of Technology , Melbourne , Australia.,e Medicinal Plant Research Group , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
| | - J Mills
- a School of Psychology , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , Australia
| | - R J Croft
- a School of Psychology , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , Australia.,b Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , Australia
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113
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Johnson SA, Turner SM, Santacroce LA, Carty KN, Shafiq L, Bizon JL, Maurer AP, Burke SN. Rodent age-related impairments in discriminating perceptually similar objects parallel those observed in humans. Hippocampus 2017; 27:759-776. [PMID: 28342259 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The ability to accurately remember distinct episodes is supported by high-level sensory discrimination. Performance on mnemonic similarity tasks, which test high-level discrimination, declines with advancing age in humans and these deficits have been linked to altered activity in hippocampal CA3 and dentate gyrus. Lesion studies in animal models, however, point to the perirhinal cortex as a brain region critical for sensory discriminations that serve memory. Reconciliation of the contributions of different regions within the cortical-hippocampal circuit requires the development of a discrimination paradigm comparable to the human mnemonic similarity task that can be used in rodents. In the present experiments, young and aged rats were cross-characterized on a spatial water maze task and two variants of an object discrimination task: one in which rats incrementally learned which object of a pair was rewarded and different pairs varied in their similarity (Experiment 1), and a second in which rats were tested on their ability to discriminate a learned target object from multiple lure objects with an increasing degree of feature overlap (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, aged rats required more training than young to correctly discriminate between similar objects. Comparably, in Experiment 2, aged rats were impaired in discriminating a target object from lures when the pair shared more features. Discrimination deficits across experiments were correlated within individual aged rats, though, for the cohort tested, aged rats were not impaired overall in spatial learning and memory. This could suggest discrimination deficits emerging with age precede declines in spatial or episodic memory, an observation that has been made in humans. Findings of robust impairments in object discrimination abilities in the aged rats parallel results from human studies, supporting use of the developed tasks for mechanistic investigation of cortical-hippocampal circuit dysfunction in aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience, Evelyn F. & William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Sean M Turner
- Department of Neuroscience, Evelyn F. & William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Lindsay A Santacroce
- Department of Neuroscience, Evelyn F. & William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Katelyn N Carty
- Department of Neuroscience, Evelyn F. & William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Leila Shafiq
- Department of Neuroscience, Evelyn F. & William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Jennifer L Bizon
- Department of Neuroscience, Evelyn F. & William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Andrew P Maurer
- Department of Neuroscience, Evelyn F. & William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Sara N Burke
- Department of Neuroscience, Evelyn F. & William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.,Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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114
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Ngo CT, Newcombe NS, Olson IR. The ontogeny of relational memory and pattern separation. Dev Sci 2017; 21. [PMID: 28256097 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Episodic memory relies on memory for the relations among multiple elements of an event and the ability to discriminate among similar elements of episodes. The latter phenomenon, termed pattern separation, has been studied mainly in young and older adults with relatively little research on children. Building on prior work with young children, we created an engaging computer-administered relational memory task assessing what-where relations. We also modified the Mnemonic Similarity Task used to assess pattern discrimination in young and older adults for use with preschool children. Results showed that 4-year-olds performed significantly worse than 6-year-olds and adults on both tasks, whereas 6-year-olds and adults performed comparably, even though there were no ceiling effects. However, performance on the two tasks did not correlate, suggesting that two distinct mnemonic processes with different developmental trajectories may contribute to age-related changes in episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi T Ngo
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nora S Newcombe
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ingrid R Olson
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Huffman DJ, Stark CEL. Age-related impairment on a forced-choice version of the Mnemonic Similarity Task. Behav Neurosci 2017; 131:55-67. [PMID: 28004951 PMCID: PMC5788023 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies from our lab have indicated that healthy older adults are impaired in their ability to mnemonically discriminate between previously viewed objects and similar lure objects in the Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST). These studies have used either old/similar/new or old/new test formats. The forced-choice test format (e.g., "Did you see object A or object A' during the encoding phase?") relies on different assumptions than the old/new test format (e.g., "Did you see this object during the encoding phase?"); hence, converging evidence from these approaches would bolster the conclusion that healthy aging is accompanied by impaired performance on the MST. Consistent with our hypothesis, healthy older adults exhibited impaired performance on a forced-choice test format that required discriminating between a target and a similar lure. We also tested the hypothesis that age-related impairments on the MST could be modeled within a global matching computational framework. We found that decreasing the probability of successful feature encoding in the models caused changes that were similar to the empirical data in healthy older adults. Collectively, our behavioral results using the forced-choice format extend the finding that healthy aging is accompanied by an impaired ability to discriminate between targets and similar lures, and our modeling results suggest that a diminished probability of encoding stimulus features is a candidate mechanism for memory changes in healthy aging. We also discuss the ability of global matching models to account for findings in other studies that have used variants on mnemonic similarity tasks. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Huffman
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine
| | - Craig E L Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine
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Abstract
Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (HSAM) is characterised as the ability to accurately recall an exceptional number of experiences and their associated dates from events occurring throughout much of one's lifetime. The source of this ability has only begun to be explored. The present study explores whether other enhanced cognitive processes may be critical influences underlying HSAM abilities. We investigated whether enhanced abilities in the domains of verbal fluency, attention/inhibition, executive functioning, mnemonic discrimination, perception, visual working memory, or the processing of and memory for emotional details might contribute critically to HSAM. The results suggest that superior cognitive functioning is an unlikely basis of HSAM, as only modest advantages were found in only a few tests. In addition, we examined HSAM subjects' memory of the testing episodes. Interestingly, HSAM participants recalled details of their own experiences far better than those experiences that the experimenter shared with them. These findings provide additional evidence that HSAM involves, relatively selectively, recollection of personal, autobiographical material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora K.R. LePort
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine
| | - Shauna M. Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine
| | - James L. McGaugh
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine
| | - Craig E.L. Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine
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117
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Zokaei N, MacKellar C, Čepukaitytė G, Patai EZ, Nobre AC. Cognitive Training in the Elderly: Bottlenecks and New Avenues. J Cogn Neurosci 2016; 29:1473-1482. [PMID: 27897677 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Development of measures to preserve cognitive function or even reverse cognitive decline in the ever-growing elderly population is the focus of many research and commercial efforts. One such measure gaining in popularity is the development of computer-based interventions that "exercise" cognitive functions. Computer-based cognitive training has the potential to be specific and flexible, accommodates feedback, and is highly accessible. As in most budding fields, there are still considerable inconsistencies across methodologies and results, as well as a lack of consensus on a comprehensive assessment protocol. We propose that the success of training-based therapeutics will rely on targeting specific cognitive functions, informed by comprehensive and sensitive batteries that can provide a "fingerprint" of an individual's abilities. Instead of expecting a panacea from training regimens, focused and personalized training interventions that accommodate individual differences should be developed to redress specific patterns of deficits in cognitive rehabilitation, both in healthy aging and in disease.
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Baker S, Vieweg P, Gao F, Gilboa A, Wolbers T, Black S, Rosenbaum R. The Human Dentate Gyrus Plays a Necessary Role in Discriminating New Memories. Curr Biol 2016; 26:2629-2634. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Anderson ML, James JR, Kirwan CB. An event-related potential investigation of pattern separation and pattern completion processes. Cogn Neurosci 2016; 8:9-23. [DOI: 10.1080/17588928.2016.1195804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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120
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Adult neurogenesis and pattern separation in rodents: A critical evaluation of data, tasks and interpretation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11515-016-1406-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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121
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Liu KY, Gould RL, Coulson MC, Ward EV, Howard RJ. Tests of pattern separation and pattern completion in humans-A systematic review. Hippocampus 2016; 26:705-17. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Y. Liu
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L. Gould
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Mark C. Coulson
- Department of Psychology; School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University London; London United Kingdom
| | - Emma V. Ward
- Department of Psychology; School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University London; London United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Howard
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London; London United Kingdom
- Division of Psychiatry; University College London; London United Kingdom
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