101
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Schuster MC, Mann DA, Buchholz TJ, Johnson KM, Thomas WD, Kiessling LL. Parallel synthesis of glycomimetic libraries: targeting a C-type lectin. Org Lett 2003; 5:1407-10. [PMID: 12713285 DOI: 10.1021/ol0340383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have developed methods for the parallel synthesis of two libraries of non-carbohydrate-based analogues of mannose on a solid support. The natural product shikimic acid was used as a key building block. The ability of the compounds to block the binding of the C-type lectin MBP-A to a mannosylated surface was assessed in a high-throughput assay. Ten library members with inhibitory activities equivalent to that of alpha-methyl mannopyranoside were identified. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Schuster
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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102
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Messner P, Schäffer C. Prokaryotic glycoproteins. FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE = PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS. PROGRES DANS LA CHIMIE DES SUBSTANCES ORGANIQUES NATURELLES 2003; 85:51-124. [PMID: 12602037 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6051-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Messner
- Zentrum für Ultrastrukturforschung, Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institut für Molekulare Nanotechnologie, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Austria
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103
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Kwon M, Jeong S, Lee KH, Park YK, Yu J. Mimicry of tandem repeat peptides against cell surface carbohydrates. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:13996-7. [PMID: 12440889 DOI: 10.1021/ja026937c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Our approach to multivalent peptide construction relies on tentacle peptides, also known as a multiple antigenic peptides, which contain two and four repeats of a selected peptide. In this communication, we report the results of preliminary studies aimed at (1) the selection of short peptides against the carbohydrate, sLeX, (2) the synthesis of tentacle dimers and tetramers of the selected peptides, and (3) the determination of affinities and specificities of the peptides to several related carbohydrates by using the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and the equilibrium dialysis techniques. Binding affinity studies, as well as assays of in vitro binding of the peptides to a sLeX-specific cell line, have shown that the tetrameric peptides bind to the cell surface sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyun Kwon
- Life Sciences Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Korea
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104
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Barton WA, Biggins JB, Jiang J, Thorson JS, Nikolov DB. Expanding pyrimidine diphosphosugar libraries via structure-based nucleotidylyltransferase engineering. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:13397-402. [PMID: 12374866 PMCID: PMC129684 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.192468299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2002] [Accepted: 08/05/2002] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro "glycorandomization" is a chemoenzymatic approach for generating diverse libraries of glycosylated biomolecules based on natural product scaffolds. This technology makes use of engineered variants of specific enzymes affecting metabolite glycosylation, particularly nucleotidylyltransferases and glycosyltransferases. To expand the repertoire of UDP/dTDP sugars readily available for glycorandomization, we now report a structure-based engineering approach to increase the diversity of alpha-d-hexopyranosyl phosphates accepted by Salmonella enterica LT2 alpha-d-glucopyranosyl phosphate thymidylyltransferase (E(p)). This article highlights the design rationale, determined substrate specificity, and structural elucidation of three "designed" mutations, illustrating both the success and unexpected outcomes from this type of approach. In addition, a single amino acid substitution in the substrate-binding pocket (L89T) was found to significantly increase the set of alpha-d-hexopyranosyl phosphates accepted by E(p) to include alpha-d-allo-, alpha-d-altro-, and alpha-d-talopyranosyl phosphate. In aggregate, our results provide valuable blueprints for altering nucleotidylyltransferase specificity by design, which is the first step toward in vitro glycorandomization.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Barton
- Cellular Biochemistry and Biophysics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
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105
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106
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Efficient synthetic method of obtaining oligosaccharide units and derivatives utilizing endoglycosidases. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02932834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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107
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Turnbull W, Harrison JA, Ravindranathan Kartha K, Schenkman S, Field RA. Observations on chemical and enzymatic approaches to α-2,3-sialylated octyl β-lactoside. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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108
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Houseman BT, Mrksich M. Carbohydrate arrays for the evaluation of protein binding and enzymatic modification. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2002; 9:443-54. [PMID: 11983333 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-5521(02)00124-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports a chemical strategy for preparing carbohydrate arrays and utilizes these arrays for the characterization of carbohydrate-protein interactions. Carbohydrate chips were prepared by the Diels-Alder-mediated immobilization of carbohydrate-cyclopentadiene conjugates to self-assembled monolayers that present benzoquinone and penta(ethylene glycol) groups. Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy showed that lectins bound specifically to immobilized carbohydrates and that the glycol groups prevented nonspecific protein adsorption. Carbohydrate arrays presenting ten monosaccharides were then evaluated by profiling the binding specificities of several lectins. These arrays were also used to determine the inhibitory concentrations of soluble carbohydrates for lectins and to characterize the substrate specificity of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase. Finally, a strategy for preparing arrays with carbohydrates generated on solid phase is shown. This surface engineering strategy will permit the preparation and evaluation of carbohydrate arrays that present diverse and complex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Houseman
- Department of Chemistry and The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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109
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Corbett K, Fordham-Skelton AP, Gatehouse JA, Davis BG. Tailoring the substrate specificity of the beta-glycosidase from the thermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus. FEBS Lett 2001; 509:355-60. [PMID: 11749955 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)03154-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The substrate specificity of the thermophilic beta-glycosidase (lacS) from the archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus (SSbetaG), a member of the glycohydrolase family 1, has been analysed at a molecular level using predictions from known protein sequences and structures and through site-directed mutagenesis. Three critical residues were identified and mutated to create catalysts with altered and broadened specificities for use in glycoside synthesis. The wild-type (WT) and mutated sequences were expressed as recombinant fusion proteins in Escherichia coli, with an added His(6)-tag to allow one-step chromatographic purification. Consistent with side-chain orientation towards OH-6, the single Met439-->Cys mutation enhances D-xylosidase specificity 4.7-fold and decreases D-fucosidase activity 2-fold without greatly altering its activity towards other D-glycoside substrates. Glu432-->Cys and Trp433-->Cys mutations directed towards OH-4 and -3, respectively, more dramatically impair glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), fucose specificity than for other glycosides, resulting in two glycosidases with greatly broadened substrate specificities. These include the first examples of stereospecificity tailoring in glycosidases (e.g. WT-->W433C, k(cat)/K(M) (Gal):k(cat)/K(M) (mannose (Man))=29.4:1-->1.2:1). The robustness and high utility of these broad specificity SSbetaG mutants in parallel synthesis were demonstrated by the formation of libraries of beta-glycosides of Glc, Gal, xylose, Man in one-pot preparations at 50 degrees C in the presence of organic solvents, that could not be performed by SSbetaG-WT.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Corbett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, UK
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110
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Houseman BT, Mrksich M. Model Systems for Studying Polyvalent Carbohydrate Binding Interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-45010-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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111
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112
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113
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Abstract
Oligosaccharides on proteins and lipids play central roles in human health and disease. The molecular analysis of glycoconjugate function has benefited tremendously from new methods for their chemical synthesis, which provides homogeneous material not attainable from biosynthetic systems. Still, glycoconjugate synthesis requires the manipulation of multiple stereocenters and protecting groups and remains the domain of a few expert laboratories around the world. This Account summarizes chemoselective approaches for assembling homogeneous glycoconjugates that attempt to reduce the barriers to their synthesis. The objective of these methods is to make glycoconjugate synthesis accessible to a broader community, thereby accelerating progress in glycobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Hang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Center for Advanced Materials, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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114
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Abstract
There has been an exponential growth in interest of the functional roles of carbohydrates and cell surface glycoconjugates in the past 10 years. The importance of glycoconjugates as mediators of biosignals has stimulated investigation into simple and versatile methods for their synthesis. The synthesis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by combinatorial chemistry has gained considerable interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nishimura
- Laboratory for Bio-macromolecules, Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810, Sapporo, Japan.
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115
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Jiang J, Biggins JB, Thorson JS. Expanding the Pyrimidine Diphosphosugar Repertoire: The Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Amino- and Acetamidoglucopyranosyl Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001; 40:1502-1505. [PMID: 29712364 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010417)40:8<1502::aid-anie1502>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2000] [Revised: 01/10/2001] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The exploitation of a unique thymidylyltransferase (Ep ) allows the rapid syntheses of thymidine and uridine 5'-(aminodeoxy-α-D-hexopyranosyl diphosphates), 5'-(acetamidodeoxy-α-D-hexopyranosyl diphosphates), and even 5'-(aminodideoxy-α-D-hexopyranosyl diphosphates), which are amino analogues of the products from the native reaction of Ep .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqing Jiang
- Laboratory for Biosynthetic Chemistry Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center 1275 York Avenue, Box 309, New York, NY 10021 (USA) Fax: (+1) 212-717-3066 and The Sloan-Kettering Division Joan and Sanford I. Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences Cornell University
| | - John B Biggins
- Laboratory for Biosynthetic Chemistry Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center 1275 York Avenue, Box 309, New York, NY 10021 (USA) Fax: (+1) 212-717-3066 and The Sloan-Kettering Division Joan and Sanford I. Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences Cornell University
| | - Jon S Thorson
- Laboratory for Biosynthetic Chemistry Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center 1275 York Avenue, Box 309, New York, NY 10021 (USA) Fax: (+1) 212-717-3066 and The Sloan-Kettering Division Joan and Sanford I. Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences Cornell University
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116
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Jiang J, Biggins JB, Thorson JS. Expanding the Pyrimidine Diphosphosugar Repertoire: The Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Amino- and Acetamidoglucopyranosyl Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20010417)113:8<1550::aid-ange1550>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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117
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Abstract
Natural products are ideal training compounds for enzymatic catalysis. New transformations have become possible on a preparative scale thanks to molecular biology, which has made many new enzymes available. Additionally, new synthetic pathways have been developed to regenerate expensive cofactors in situ and to improve enzyme selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Riva
- Istituto di Biocatalisi e Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Milano, Italy.
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118
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Lige B, Ma S, van Huystee RB. The effects of the site-directed removal of N-glycosylation from cationic peanut peroxidase on its function. Arch Biochem Biophys 2001; 386:17-24. [PMID: 11360996 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.2000.2187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peanut peroxidase has been diffracted. The location of its heme and calcium moieties have been shown and their role demonstrated. However, the structure and role of its glycans is only now being elucidated. The role of three N-linked complex glycans on cationic peroxidase (cPrx) of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L cv. Valencia), as expressed by prxPNC1 in transgenic tobacco, was analyzed by site-directed replacement of each of the three glycosylation sites, N-60, N-144, and N-185 with Q, individually. The mutant prxPNC1 cDNAs with a 3' histidine-tag were expressed in transgenic tobacco. The effect on the catalytic ability, thermal stability, and unfolding properties of the mutant peroxidases, isolated from the medium of transgenic tobacco cell suspension cultures were compared with those of the wild cPrx from peanut. It was found that the ablation of the glycans at N-60 and N-144 influences the full expression of the cPrx catalytic ability. The glycan at N-185 is important for the thermostability, as is the removal of the carbohydrate chain at N-185, resulting in rapid enzymatic decrease at temperatures of 50 degrees C. All three glycans appeared to influence the folding of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lige
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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