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Chen S, Bin P, Ren W, Gao W, Liu G, Yin J, Duan J, Li Y, Yao K, Huang R, Tan B, Yin Y. Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) lowers body weight and affects intestinal innate immunity through influencing intestinal microbiota. Oncotarget 2018; 8:38184-38192. [PMID: 28465471 PMCID: PMC5503525 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG), a precursor of glutamate and a critical intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, shows beneficial effects on intestinal function. However, the influence of AKG on the intestinal innate immune system and intestinal microbiota is unknown. This study explores the effect of oral AKG administration in drinking water (10 g/L) on intestinal innate immunity and intestinal microbiota in a mouse model. Mouse water intake, feed intake and body weight were recorded throughout the entire experiment. The ileum was collected for detecting the expression of intestinal proinflammatory cytokines and innate immune factors by Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Additionally, the ileal luminal contents and feces were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing to analyze the microbial composition. The intestinal microbiota in mice was disrupted with an antibiotic cocktail. The results revealed that AKG supplementation lowered body weight, promoted ileal expression of mammalian defensins of the alpha subfamily (such as cryptdins-1, cryptdins-4, and cryptdins-5) while influencing the intestinal microbial composition (i.e., lowering the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio). In the antibiotic-treated mouse model, AKG supplementation failed to affect mouse body weight and inhibited the expression of cryptdins-1 and cryptdins-5 in the ileum. We concluded that AKG might affect body weight and intestinal innate immunity through influencing intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Bin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jielin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ruilin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bie Tan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan, China
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102
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Mahabir S, Willett WC, Friedenreich CM, Lai GY, Boushey CJ, Matthews CE, Sinha R, Colditz GA, Rothwell JA, Reedy J, Patel AV, Leitzmann MF, Fraser GE, Ross S, Hursting SD, Abnet CC, Kushi LH, Taylor PR, Prentice RL. Research Strategies for Nutritional and Physical Activity Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:233-244. [PMID: 29254934 PMCID: PMC7992195 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Very large international and ethnic differences in cancer rates exist, are minimally explained by genetic factors, and show the huge potential for cancer prevention. A substantial portion of the differences in cancer rates can be explained by modifiable factors, and many important relationships have been documented between diet, physical activity, and obesity, and incidence of important cancers. Other related factors, such as the microbiome and the metabolome, are emerging as important intermediary components in cancer prevention. It is possible with the incorporation of newer technologies and studies including long follow-up and evaluation of effects across the life cycle, additional convincing results will be produced. However, several challenges exist for cancer researchers; for example, measurement of diet and physical activity, and lack of standardization of samples for microbiome collection, and validation of metabolomic studies. The United States National Cancer Institute convened the Research Strategies for Nutritional and Physical Activity Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention Workshop on June 28-29, 2016, in Rockville, Maryland, during which the experts addressed the state of the science and areas of emphasis. This current paper reflects the state of the science and priorities for future research. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(3); 233-44. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somdat Mahabir
- Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program (EGRP), Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (DCCPS), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Christine M Friedenreich
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Control Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gabriel Y Lai
- Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program (EGRP), Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (DCCPS), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Carol J Boushey
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Charles E Matthews
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Joseph A Rothwell
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, Biomarkers Group, International Agency for Cancer Research (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Jill Reedy
- Risk Factor Assessment Branch, EGRP, DCCPS, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alpa V Patel
- Cancer Prevention Study-3, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael F Leitzmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gary E Fraser
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Sharon Ross
- Nutritional Science Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Nutrition Research Institute, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lawrence H Kushi
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Philip R Taylor
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ross L Prentice
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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103
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Postmenopausal breast cancer and oestrogen associations with the IgA-coated and IgA-noncoated faecal microbiota. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:471-479. [PMID: 29360814 PMCID: PMC5830593 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The diversity and composition of the gut microbiota may affect breast cancer risk by modulating systemic levels of oestrogens and inflammation. The current investigation tested this hypothesis in postmenopausal women by identifying breast cancer associations with an inflammation marker, oestrogen levels, and faecal microbes that were or were not coated with mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA). Methods: In this population-based study, we compared 48 postmenopausal breast cancer cases (75% stage 0–1, 88% oestrogen-receptor positive) to 48 contemporaneous, postmenopausal, normal-mammogram, age-matched controls. Microbiota metrics employed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing from IgA-coated and -noncoated faecal microbes. High-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) and radioimmunoassay were used to quantify urine prostaglandin E metabolite (PGE-M), a possible marker of inflammation; urine oestrogens and oestrogen metabolites were quantified by HPLC/MS-MS. Results: Women with pre-treatment breast cancer had non-significantly elevated oestrogen levels; controls’ (but not cases’) oestrogens were directly correlated with their IgA-negative microbiota alpha diversity (P=0.012). Prostaglandin E metabolite levels were not associated with case status, oestrogen levels, or alpha diversity. Adjusted for oestrogens and other variables, cases had significantly reduced alpha diversity and altered composition of both their IgA-positive and IgA-negative faecal microbiota. Cases’ faecal microbial IgA-positive imputed Immune System Diseases metabolic pathway genes were increased; also, cases’ IgA-positive and IgA-negative imputed Genetic Information Processing pathway genes were decreased (P⩽0.01). Conclusions: Compared to controls, breast cancer cases had significant oestrogen-independent associations with the IgA-positive and IgA-negative gut microbiota. These suggest that the gut microbiota may influence breast cancer risk by altered metabolism, oestrogen recycling, and immune pressure.
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104
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Nycz BT, Dominguez SR, Friedman D, Hilden JM, Ir D, Robertson CE, Frank DN. Evaluation of bloodstream infections, Clostridium difficile infections, and gut microbiota in pediatric oncology patients. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191232. [PMID: 29329346 PMCID: PMC5766145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bloodstream infections (BSI) and Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) in pediatric oncology/hematology/bone marrow transplant (BMT) populations are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to explore possible associations between altered microbiome composition and the occurrence of BSI and CDI in a cohort of pediatric oncology patients. Stool samples were collected from all patients admitted to the pediatric oncology floor from Oct.-Dec. 2012. Bacterial profiles from patient stools were determined by bacterial 16S rRNA gene profiling. Differences in overall microbiome composition were assessed by a permutation-based multivariate analysis of variance test, while differences in the relative abundances of specific taxa were assessed by Kruskal-Wallis tests. At admission, 9 of 42 patients (21%) were colonized with C. difficile, while 6 of 42 (14%) subsequently developed a CDI. Furthermore, 3 patients (7%) previously had a BSI and 6 patients (14%) subsequently developed a BSI. Differences in overall microbiome composition were significantly associated with disease type (p = 0.0086), chemotherapy treatment (p = 0.018), BSI following admission from any cause (p < 0.0001) or suspected gastrointestinal organisms (p = 0.00043). No differences in baseline microbiota were observed between individuals who did or did not subsequently develop C. difficile infection. Additionally, multiple bacterial groups varied significantly between subjects with post-admission BSI compared with no BSI. Our results suggest that differences in gut microbiota not only are associated with type of cancer and chemotherapy, but may also be predictive of subsequent bloodstream infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan T. Nycz
- Division of Adult Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Samuel R. Dominguez
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Deborah Friedman
- Department of Epidemiology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Joanne M. Hilden
- Center for Blood and Cancer Disorders, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Diana Ir
- Division of Adult Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Charles E. Robertson
- Division of Adult Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Daniel N. Frank
- Division of Adult Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
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105
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Lawler M, Alsina D, Adams RA, Anderson AS, Brown G, Fearnhead NS, Fenwick SW, Halloran SP, Hochhauser D, Hull MA, Koelzer VH, McNair AGK, Monahan KJ, Näthke I, Norton C, Novelli MR, Steele RJC, Thomas AL, Wilde LM, Wilson RH, Tomlinson I. Critical research gaps and recommendations to inform research prioritisation for more effective prevention and improved outcomes in colorectal cancer. Gut 2018; 67:179-193. [PMID: 29233930 PMCID: PMC5754857 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colorectal cancer (CRC) leads to significant morbidity/mortality worldwide. Defining critical research gaps (RG), their prioritisation and resolution, could improve patient outcomes. DESIGN RG analysis was conducted by a multidisciplinary panel of patients, clinicians and researchers (n=71). Eight working groups (WG) were constituted: discovery science; risk; prevention; early diagnosis and screening; pathology; curative treatment; stage IV disease; and living with and beyond CRC. A series of discussions led to development of draft papers by each WG, which were evaluated by a 20-strong patient panel. A final list of RGs and research recommendations (RR) was endorsed by all participants. RESULTS Fifteen critical RGs are summarised below: RG1: Lack of realistic models that recapitulate tumour/tumour micro/macroenvironment; RG2: Insufficient evidence on precise contributions of genetic/environmental/lifestyle factors to CRC risk; RG3: Pressing need for prevention trials; RG4: Lack of integration of different prevention approaches; RG5: Lack of optimal strategies for CRC screening; RG6: Lack of effective triage systems for invasive investigations; RG7: Imprecise pathological assessment of CRC; RG8: Lack of qualified personnel in genomics, data sciences and digital pathology; RG9: Inadequate assessment/communication of risk, benefit and uncertainty of treatment choices; RG10: Need for novel technologies/interventions to improve curative outcomes; RG11: Lack of approaches that recognise molecular interplay between metastasising tumours and their microenvironment; RG12: Lack of reliable biomarkers to guide stage IV treatment; RG13: Need to increase understanding of health related quality of life (HRQOL) and promote residual symptom resolution; RG14: Lack of coordination of CRC research/funding; RG15: Lack of effective communication between relevant stakeholders. CONCLUSION Prioritising research activity and funding could have a significant impact on reducing CRC disease burden over the next 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lawler
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | - Annie S Anderson
- Research into Cancer Prevention and Screening, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Gina Brown
- Department of Radiology, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, UK
| | | | - Stephen W Fenwick
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Unit, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stephen P Halloran
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Daniel Hochhauser
- Department of Oncology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Mark A Hull
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Viktor H Koelzer
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Angus G K McNair
- Centre for Surgical Research, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kevin J Monahan
- Family History of Bowel Cancer Clinic, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Inke Näthke
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Christine Norton
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Marco R Novelli
- Research Department of Pathology, University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - Robert J C Steele
- Research into Cancer Prevention and Screening, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Anne L Thomas
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Lisa M Wilde
- Bowel Cancer UK, London, UK
- Atticus Consultants Ltd, Croydon, UK
| | - Richard H Wilson
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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106
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Scotti E, Boué S, Sasso GL, Zanetti F, Belcastro V, Poussin C, Sierro N, Battey J, Gimalac A, Ivanov NV, Hoeng J. Exploring the microbiome in health and disease. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847317741884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of human microbiome is an exciting and rapidly expanding field of research. In the past decade, the biological relevance of the microbiome for human health has become evident. Microbiome comprises a complex collection of microorganisms, with their genes and metabolites, colonizing different body niches. It is now well known that the microbiome interacts with its host, assisting in the bioconversion of nutrients and detoxification, supporting immunity, protecting against pathogenic microbes, and maintaining health. Remarkable new findings showed that our microbiome not only primarily affects the health and function of the gastrointestinal tract but also has a strong influence on general body health through its close interaction with the nervous system and the lung. Therefore, a perfect and sensitive balanced interaction of microbes with the host is required for a healthy body. In fact, growing evidence suggests that the dynamics and function of the indigenous microbiota can be influenced by many factors, including genetics, diet, age, and toxicological agents like cigarette smoke, environmental contaminants, and drugs. The disruption of this balance, that is called dysbiosis, is associated with a plethora of diseases, including metabolic diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, periodontitis, skin diseases, and neurological disorders. The importance of the host microbiome for the human health has also led to the emergence of novel therapeutic approaches focused on the intentional manipulation of the microbiota, either by restoring missing functions or eliminating harmful roles. In the present review, we outline recent studies devoted to elucidate not only the role of microbiome in health conditions and the possible link with various types of diseases but also the influence of various toxicological factors on the microbial composition and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Scotti
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies)
| | - Stéphanie Boué
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies)
| | - Giuseppe Lo Sasso
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies)
| | - Filippo Zanetti
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies)
| | - Vincenzo Belcastro
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies)
| | - Carine Poussin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies)
| | - Nicolas Sierro
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies)
| | - James Battey
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies)
| | - Anne Gimalac
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies)
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies)
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland (Part of Philip Morris International group of companies)
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107
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Mao Q, Jiang F, Yin R, Wang J, Xia W, Dong G, Ma W, Yang Y, Xu L, Hu J. Interplay between the lung microbiome and lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2017; 415:40-48. [PMID: 29197615 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiome confers benefits or disease susceptibility to the human body through multiple pathways. Disruption of the symbiotic balance of the human microbiome is commonly found in systematic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and chronic gastric diseases. Emerging evidence has suggested that dysbiosis of the microbiota may also play vital roles in carcinogenesis at multiple levels, e.g., by affecting metabolic, inflammatory, or immune pathways. Although the impact of the gut microbiome on the digestive cancer has been widely explored, few studies have investigated the interplay between the microbiome and lung cancer. Some recent studies have shown that certain microbes and microbiota dysbiosis are correlated with development of lung cancer. In this mini-review, we briefly summarize current research findings describing the relationship between the lung microbiome and lung cancer. We further discuss the potential mechanisms through which the lung microbiome may play a role in lung carcinogenesis and impact lung cancer treatment. A better knowledge of the interplay between the lung microbiome and lung cancer may promote the development of innovative strategies for early prevention and personalized treatment in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixing Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY10029, USA; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, PR China; The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Graduated College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, PR China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Rong Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, PR China; The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Graduated College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, PR China
| | - Gaochao Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Weidong Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, PR China; The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Graduated College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, PR China
| | - Yao Yang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY10029, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY10029, USA.
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108
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Lam SY, Yu J, Wong SH, Peppelenbosch MP, Fuhler GM. The gastrointestinal microbiota and its role in oncogenesis. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2017; 31:607-618. [PMID: 29566903 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advances in research techniques have made it possible to map the microbial communities in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, where the majority of bacteria in the human body reside. Disturbances in these communities are referred to as dysbiosis and have been associated with GI cancers. Although dysbiosis is observed in several GI malignancies, the specific role of these changes has not been understood to the extent of Helicobacter pylori (HP) in gastric cancer (GC). This review will address the bacterial communities along the GI tract, from the oral cavity to the anal canal, particularly focusing on bacterial dysbiosis and carcinogenesis. Just as non-HP bacteria in the stomach may interact with HP in gastric carcinogenesis, the same may hold true for other GI tract malignancies, where an interplay between microbes in carcinogenesis seems conceivable, especially in colorectal cancer (CRC). In the last part of this review we will discuss the potential mechanisms of bacterial dysbiosis in GI carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Lam
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - J Yu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - S H Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - M P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - G M Fuhler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Dizdar O, Hayran M, Guven DC, Yılmaz TB, Taheri S, Akman AC, Bilgin E, Hüseyin B, Berker E. Increased cancer risk in patients with periodontitis. Curr Med Res Opin 2017; 33:2195-2200. [PMID: 28699803 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2017.1354829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have noted a possible association between periodontal diseases and the risk of various cancers. We assessed cancer risk in a cohort of patients with moderate to severe periodontitis. METHODS Patients diagnosed with moderate to severe periodontitis by a periodontist between 2001 and 2010 were identified from the hospital registry. Patients younger than 35 years of age or with a prior cancer diagnosis were excluded. The age- and gender-standardized incidence rates (SIR) were calculated by dividing the number of observed cases by the number of expected cases from Turkish National Cancer Registry 2013 data. RESULTS A total of 280 patients were included (median age 49.6, 54% female). Median follow-up was 12 years. Twenty-five new cancer cases were observed. Patients with periodontitis had 77% increased risk of cancer (SIR 1.77, 95% CI 1.17-2.58, p = .004). Women with periodontitis had significantly higher risk of breast cancer (SIR 2.40, 95% CI 0.88-5.33) and men with periodontitis had significantly higher risk of prostate cancer (SIR 3.75, 95% CI 0.95-10.21) and hematological cancers (SIR 6.97, 95% CI 1.77-18.98). CONCLUSION Although showing a causal association necessitates further investigation, our results support the idea that periodontitis might be associated with increased cancer risk, particularly with hematological, breast and prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Dizdar
- a Department of Preventive Oncology , Hacettepe University Cancer Institute , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Mutlu Hayran
- a Department of Preventive Oncology , Hacettepe University Cancer Institute , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Deniz Can Guven
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Tolga Birtan Yılmaz
- c Department of Periodontology , Hacettepe University Faculty of Dentistry , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Sahand Taheri
- c Department of Periodontology , Hacettepe University Faculty of Dentistry , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Abdullah C Akman
- c Department of Periodontology , Hacettepe University Faculty of Dentistry , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Emre Bilgin
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Beril Hüseyin
- a Department of Preventive Oncology , Hacettepe University Cancer Institute , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ezel Berker
- c Department of Periodontology , Hacettepe University Faculty of Dentistry , Ankara , Turkey
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110
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Lu CT, Zhang RM, Wang H, Kong FW, Wu WB, Gong LB, Zhang M. A rare case of cavitary lung cancer complicated with mycotic pneumonia and bullous emphysema: A case report and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8927. [PMID: 29382032 PMCID: PMC5709031 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The accurate diagnosis and staging of cavitary lung cancer is challenging but essential for the choice of therapy; therefore, the differential diagnosis of cystic pulmonary lesions needs to be elucidated. PATIENT CONCERNS A patient was admitted with multifocal thin-walled cystic lesions in chest computed tomography. DIAGNOSES The patient had been diagnosed as heterogeneous bullous emphysema pathologically about 3 years ago. His diagnosis turned out to be metastatic cavitary lung cancer complicated with fungal pneumonia this time. INTERVENTIONS The patient underwent lung volume reduction surgery during his first hospitalization. Concurrent systemic chemotherapy and whole brain radiotherapy were administered after the diagnosis of cystic lung cancer. OUTCOMES The patient was lost to follow-up after the chemoradiotherapy. LESSONS Cavitary lung cancer should always be kept in mind during differential diagnosis of pulmonary cystic lesions. Pathological diagnosis by biopsy and surgery could be considered to avoid delayed treatment of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun-Tao Lu
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University
| | - Rui-Mei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xuzhou Infectious Disease Hospital
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University
| | - Feng-Wei Kong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xuzhou Infectious Disease Hospital
| | - Wen-Bin Wu
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University
| | - Long-Bo Gong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University
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111
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Noto JM, Peek RM. The gastric microbiome, its interaction with Helicobacter pylori, and its potential role in the progression to stomach cancer. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006573. [PMID: 28982167 PMCID: PMC5629027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Noto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Richard M. Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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112
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Nussinov
- National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Jason A. Papin
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
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113
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Raskov H, Burcharth J, Pommergaard HC. Linking Gut Microbiota to Colorectal Cancer. J Cancer 2017; 8:3378-3395. [PMID: 29151921 PMCID: PMC5687151 DOI: 10.7150/jca.20497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-clinical and clinical data produce mounting evidence that the microbiota is strongly associated with colorectal carcinogenesis. Dysbiosis may change the course of carcinogenesis as microbial actions seem to impact genetic and epigenetic alterations leading to dysplasia, clonal expansion and malignant transformation. Initiation and promotion of colorectal cancer may result from direct bacterial actions, bacterial metabolites and inflammatory pathways. Newer aspects of microbiota and colorectal cancer include quorum sensing, biofilm formation, sidedness and effects/countereffects of microbiota and probiotics on chemotherapy. In the future, targeting the microbiota will probably be a powerful weapon in the battle against CRC as gut microbiology, genomics and metabolomics promise to uncover important linkages between microbiota and intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Raskov
- Speciallægecentret ved Diakonissestiftelsen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jakob Burcharth
- Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Chen J, Domingue JC, Sears CL. Microbiota dysbiosis in select human cancers: Evidence of association and causality. Semin Immunol 2017; 32:25-34. [PMID: 28822617 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The human microbiota is a complex ecosystem of diverse microorganisms consisting of bacteria, viruses, and fungi residing predominantly in epidermal and mucosal habitats across the body, such as skin, oral cavity, lung, intestine and vagina. These symbiotic communities in health, or dysbiotic communities in disease, display tremendous interaction with the local environment and systemic responses, playing a critical role in the host's nutrition, immunity, metabolism and diseases including cancers. While the profiling of normal microbiota in healthy populations is useful and necessary, more recent studies have focused on the microbiota associated with disease, particularly cancers. In this paper, we review current evidence on the role of the human microbiota in four cancer types (colorectal cancer, head and neck cancer, pancreatic cancer, and lung cancer) proposed as affected by both the oral and gut microbiota, and provide a perspective on current gaps in the knowledge of the microbiota and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jada C Domingue
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Cynthia L Sears
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Oncology, Division of Tumor Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Bloomberg-Kimmel Cancer Immunotherapy Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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115
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Shankar J. Insights into study design and statistical analyses in translational microbiome studies. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:249. [PMID: 28706917 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.01.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Research questions in translational microbiome studies are substantially more complex than their counterparts in basic science. Robust study designs with appropriate statistical analysis frameworks are pivotal to the success of these translational studies. This review considers how study designs can account for heterogeneous phenotypes by adopting representative sampling schemes for recruiting the study population and making careful choices about the control population. Advantages and limitations of 16S profiling and whole-genome sequencing, the two primary techniques for measuring the microbiome, are discussed followed by an overview of bioinformatic processing of high-throughput sequencing data from these measurements. Practical insights into the downstream statistical analyses including data processing and integration, variable transformations, and data exploration are provided. The merits of regularization and ensemble modeling for analyzing microbiome data are discussed along with a recommendation for selecting modeling approaches based on data-driven simulations and objective evaluation. The review builds on several recent discussions of study design issues in microbiome research but with a stronger emphasis on the downstream and often-ignored aspects of statistical analyses that are crucial for bridging the gap between basic science and translation.
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116
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Sfreddo CS, Maier J, De David SC, Susin C, Moreira CHC. Periodontitis and breast cancer: A case-control study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2017; 45:545-551. [DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Camila S. Sfreddo
- Division of Periodontology; Department of Stomatology; Dental School; Federal University of Santa Maria; Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Juliana Maier
- Division of Periodontology; Department of Stomatology; Dental School; Federal University of Santa Maria; Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Silvia C. De David
- Division of Periodontology; Department of Stomatology; Dental School; Federal University of Santa Maria; Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Cristiano Susin
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology; The Dental College of Georgia; Augusta University; Augusta GA USA
| | - Carlos Heitor C. Moreira
- Division of Periodontology; Department of Stomatology; Dental School; Federal University of Santa Maria; Santa Maria RS Brazil
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology; The Dental College of Georgia; Augusta University; Augusta GA USA
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117
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Baba Y, Iwatsuki M, Yoshida N, Watanabe M, Baba H. Review of the gut microbiome and esophageal cancer: Pathogenesis and potential clinical implications. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2017; 1:99-104. [PMID: 29863142 PMCID: PMC5881342 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer ranks among the most aggressive malignant diseases. The limited improvements in treatment outcomes provided by conventional therapies have prompted us to seek innovative strategies for treating this cancer. More than 100 trillion microorganisms inhabit the human intestinal tract and play a crucial role in health and disease conditions, including cancer. The human intestinal microbiome is thought to influence tumor development and progression in the gastrointestinal tract by various mechanisms. For example, Fusobacterium nucleatum, which primarily inhabits the oral cavity and causes periodontal disease, might contribute to aggressive tumor behavior through activation of chemokines such as CCL20 in esophageal cancer tissue. Composition of the intestinal microbiota is influenced by diet, lifestyle, antibiotics, and pro- and prebiotics. Therefore, by better understanding how the bacterial microbiota contributes to esophageal carcinogenesis, we might develop novel cancer prevention and treatment strategies through targeting the gastrointestinal microflora. This review discusses the current knowledge, available data and information on the relationship of microbiota with esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Graduate School of Medical Science Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwatsuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Graduate School of Medical Science Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Naoya Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Graduate School of Medical Science Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Masayuki Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Cancer Institute Hospital Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research Tokyo Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Graduate School of Medical Science Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
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118
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Benedetti F, Curreli S, Krishnan S, Davinelli S, Cocchi F, Scapagnini G, Gallo RC, Zella D. Anti-inflammatory effects of H 2S during acute bacterial infection: a review. J Transl Med 2017; 15:100. [PMID: 28490346 PMCID: PMC5424385 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1206-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), previously only considered a toxic environmental air pollutant, is now increasingly recognized as an important signaling molecule able to modulate several cellular pathways in many human tissues. As demonstrated in recent studies, H2S is produced endogenously in response to different cellular stimuli and plays different roles in controlling a number of physiological responses. The precise role of H2S in inflammation is still largely unknown. In particular, the role of H2S in the regulation of the inflammatory response in acute and chronic infections is being actively investigated because of its potential therapeutic use. To study the effect of H2S as an anti-inflammatory mediator during bacterial infections, we developed an ex vivo model of primary cells and cell lines infected with Mycoplasma. Our data demonstrate a dichotomic effect of H2S on the NF-kB and Nrf-2 molecular pathways, which were inhibited and stimulated, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Benedetti
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Sabrina Curreli
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Selvi Krishnan
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Cocchi
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Robert C Gallo
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Davide Zella
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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119
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Robles AI, Harris CC. Integration of multiple "OMIC" biomarkers: A precision medicine strategy for lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2017; 107:50-58. [PMID: 27344275 PMCID: PMC5156586 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
More than half of all new lung cancer diagnoses are made in patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease, at which point therapeutic options are scarce. It is anticipated, however, that the widespread use of Low-Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT) screening, will lead to a greater proportion of lung cancers being diagnosed at an early, operable, stage. Still, the overall rate of recurrence for surgically treated Stage I lung cancer patients is up to 30% within 5 years of diagnosis. Thus, the identification and clinical application of biomarkers of early stage lung cancer are a pressing medical need. The integrative analysis of "omic," clinical and epidemiological data for single patients is a core principle of precision medicine. Through rigorous bioinformatics and statistical analyses we have identified biomarkers of early-stage lung cancer based on DNA methylation, expression of mRNA and miRNA, inflammatory cytokines, and urinary metabolites. Beyond a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular taxonomy of lung cancer, these biomarkers can have very practical implications in the context of unmet clinical needs of early stage lung cancer patients: First, current guidelines for LDCT screening broadly include individuals based on age and history of heavy smoking. Tumor-derived circulating biomarkers in the blood and urine associated with lung cancer risk could narrow and prioritize individuals for LDCT screening. Second, a high number of nodules are identified by LDCT, of which fewer than 5% are finally diagnosed as lung cancer. Biomarkers may help discriminate malignant nodules from benign or indolent lesions. Third, the expected rise in the numbers of lung cancer patients diagnosed at an early stage will necessitate new treatment options. Circulating, urinary and tissue-based biomarkers that molecularly categorize Stage I patients after tumor resection can help identify high-risk patients who may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy or innovative immunotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Robles
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Curtis C Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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120
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Comparison of Fecal Collection Methods for Microbiota Studies in Bangladesh. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.00361-17. [PMID: 28258145 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00361-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To our knowledge, fecal microbiota collection methods have not been evaluated in low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, we evaluated five different fecal sample collection methods for technical reproducibility, stability, and accuracy within the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS) in Bangladesh. Fifty participants from the HEALS provided fecal samples in the clinic which were aliquoted into no solution, 95% ethanol, RNAlater, postdevelopment fecal occult blood test (FOBT) cards, and fecal immunochemical test (FIT) tubes. Half of the aliquots were frozen immediately at -80°C (day 0) and the remaining samples were left at ambient temperature for 96 h and then frozen (day 4). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated for the relative abundances of the top three phyla, for two alpha diversity measures, and for four beta diversity measures. The duplicate samples had relatively high ICCs for technical reproducibility at day 0 and day 4 (range, 0.79 to 0.99). The FOBT card and samples preserved in RNAlater and 95% ethanol had the highest ICCs for stability over 4 days. The FIT tube had lower stability measures overall. In comparison to the "gold standard" method using immediately frozen fecal samples with no solution, the ICCs for many of the microbial metrics were low, but the rank order appeared to be preserved as seen by the Spearman correlation. The FOBT cards, 95% ethanol, and RNAlater were effective fecal preservatives. These fecal collection methods are optimal for future cohort studies, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.IMPORTANCE The collection of fecal samples in prospective cohort studies is essential to provide the opportunity to study the effect of the human microbiota on numerous health conditions. However, these collection methods have not been adequately tested in low- and middle-income countries. We present estimates of technical reproducibility, stability at ambient temperature for 4 days, and accuracy comparing a "gold standard" for fecal samples in no solution, 95% ethanol, RNAlater, postdevelopment fecal occult blood test cards, and fecal immunochemical test tubes in a study conducted in Bangladesh. Fecal occult blood test cards and fecal samples stored in 95% ethanol or RNAlater adequately preserve fecal samples in this setting. Therefore, new studies in low- and middle-income countries should include collection of fecal samples using fecal occult blood test cards, 95% ethanol, or RNAlater for prospective cohort studies.
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121
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Kramer CD, Simas AM, He X, Ingalls RR, Weinberg EO, Genco CA. Distinct roles for dietary lipids and Porphyromonas gingivalis infection on atherosclerosis progression and the gut microbiota. Anaerobe 2017; 45:19-30. [PMID: 28442421 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence in humans supports an etiological role for the microbiota in inflammatory atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease characterized by accumulation of inflammatory cells and lipids in vascular tissue. While retention of lipoprotein into the sub-endothelial vascular layer is believed to be the initiating stimulus leading to the development of atherosclerosis, activation of multiple pathways related to vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction sustain the process by stimulating recruitment of leukocytes and immune cells into the sub-endothelial layer. The Gram-negative oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis has been associated with the development and acceleration of atherosclerosis in humans and these observations have been validated in animal models. It has been proposed that common mechanisms of immune signaling link stimulation by lipids and pathogens to vascular inflammation. Despite the common outcome of P. gingivalis and lipid feeding on atherosclerosis progression, we established that these pro-atherogenic stimuli induced distinct gene signatures in the ApoE-/- mouse model of atherosclerosis. In this study, we further defined the distinct roles of dietary lipids and P. gingivalis infection on atherosclerosis progression and the gut microbiota. We demonstrate that diet-induced lipid lowering resulted in less atherosclerotic plaque in ApoE-/- mice compared to ApoE-/- mice continuously fed a Western diet. However, the effect of diet-induced lipid lowering on plaque accumulation was blunted by P. gingivalis infection. Using principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering, we demonstrate that dietary intervention as well as P. gingivalis infection result in distinct bacterial communities in fecal and cecal samples of ApoE-/- mice as compared to ApoE-/- mice continuously fed either a Western diet or a normal chow diet. Collectively, we identified distinct microbiota changes accompanying atherosclerotic plaque, suggesting a future avenue for investigation on the impact of the gut microbiota, diet, and P. gingivalis infection on atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn D Kramer
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, M & V 701, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Alexandra M Simas
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, M & V 701, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Graduate Program in Biochemical and Molecular Nutrition, Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition and Science Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Xianbao He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Boston Medical Center, Evans Biomedical Research Center, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Robin R Ingalls
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Boston Medical Center, Evans Biomedical Research Center, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Ellen O Weinberg
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, M & V 701, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Caroline Attardo Genco
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, M & V 701, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Graduate Program in Immunology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, M & V 701, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Graduate Program in Microbiology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, M & V 701, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Champer M, Wong AM, Champer J, Brito IL, Messer PW, Hou JY, Wright JD. The role of the vaginal microbiome in gynaecological cancer. BJOG 2017; 125:309-315. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Champer
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; New York NY USA
| | - AM Wong
- Department of Computer Science and Center for Computational Molecular Biology; Brown University; Providence RI USA
| | - J Champer
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca NY USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Cornell University; Ithaca NY USA
| | - IL Brito
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Cornell University; Ithaca NY USA
| | - PW Messer
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca NY USA
| | - JY Hou
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; New York NY USA
| | - JD Wright
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; New York NY USA
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Zhang C, Powell SE, Betel D, Shah MA. The Gastric Microbiome and Its Influence on Gastric Carcinogenesis: Current Knowledge and Ongoing Research. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2017; 31:389-408. [PMID: 28501083 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric malignancies are a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. At least 2 microbial species are currently linked to carcinogenesis and the development of cancer within the human stomach. These include the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and the Epstein-Barr virus. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that within the human gastrointestinal tract it is not only pathogenic microbes that impact human health but also the corresponding autochthonous microbial communities. This article reviews the gastrointestinal microbiome as it relates primarily to mechanisms of disease and carcinogenesis within the upper gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Sarah Ellen Powell
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Doron Betel
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Manish A Shah
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Gastrointestinal Oncology Program, Center for Advanced Digestive Care, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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124
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Ertz-Archambault N, Keim P, Von Hoff D. Microbiome and pancreatic cancer: A comprehensive topic review of literature. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:1899-1908. [PMID: 28348497 PMCID: PMC5352932 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i10.1899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To review microbiome alterations associated with pancreatic cancer, its potential utility in diagnostics, risk assessment, and influence on disease outcomes.
METHODS A comprehensive literature review was conducted by all-inclusive topic review from PubMed, MEDLINE, and Web of Science. The last search was performed in October 2016.
RESULTS Diverse microbiome alterations exist among several body sites including oral, gut, and pancreatic tissue, in patients with pancreatic cancer compared to healthy populations.
CONCLUSION Pilot study successes in non-invasive screening strategies warrant further investigation for future translational application in early diagnostics and to learn modifiable risk factors relevant to disease prevention. Pre-clinical investigations exist in other tumor types that suggest microbiome manipulation provides opportunity to favorably transform cancer response to existing treatment protocols and improve survival.
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125
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Kramer CD, Genco CA. Microbiota, Immune Subversion, and Chronic Inflammation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:255. [PMID: 28348558 PMCID: PMC5346547 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several host-adapted pathogens and commensals have evolved mechanisms to evade the host innate immune system inducing a state of low-grade inflammation. Epidemiological studies have also documented the association of a subset of these microorganisms with chronic inflammatory disorders. In this review, we summarize recent studies demonstrating the role of the microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases and discuss how specific microorganisms subvert or inhibit protective signaling normally induced by toll-like receptors (TLRs). We highlight our work on the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis and discuss the role of microbial modulation of lipid A structures in evasion of TLR4 signaling and resulting systemic immunopathology associated with atherosclerosis. P. gingivalis intrinsically expresses underacylated lipid A moieties and can modify the phosphorylation of lipid A, leading to altered TLR4 signaling. Using P. gingivalis mutant strains expressing distinct lipid A moieties, we demonstrated that expression of antagonist lipid A was associated with P. gingivalis-mediated systemic inflammation and immunopathology, whereas strains expressing agonist lipid A exhibited modest systemic inflammation. Likewise, mice deficient in TLR4 were more susceptible to vascular inflammation after oral infection with P. gingivalis wild-type strain compared to mice possessing functional TLR4. Collectively, our studies support a role for P. gingivalis-mediated dysregulation of innate and adaptive responses resulting in immunopathology and systemic inflammation. We propose that anti-TLR4 interventions must be designed with caution, given the balance between the protective and destructive roles of TLR signaling in response to microbiota and associated immunopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn D Kramer
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Caroline Attardo Genco
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, MA , USA
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126
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Tsilimigras MCB, Fodor A, Jobin C. Carcinogenesis and therapeutics: the microbiota perspective. Nat Microbiol 2017; 2:17008. [PMID: 28225000 PMCID: PMC6423540 DOI: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2017.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer arises from the acquisition of multiple genetic and epigenetic changes in host cells over the span of many years, promoting oncogenic traits and carcinogenesis. Most cancers develop following random somatic alterations of key oncogenic genes, which are favoured by a number of risk factors, including lifestyle, diet and inflammation. Importantly, the environment where tumours evolve provides a unique source of signalling cues that affects cancer cell growth, survival, movement and metastasis. Recently, there has been increased interest in how the microbiota, the collection of microorganisms inhabiting the host body surface and cavities, shapes a micro-environment for host cells that can either promote or prevent cancer formation. The microbiota, particularly the intestinal biota, plays a central role in host physiology, and the composition and activity of this consortium of microorganisms is directly influenced by known cancer risk factors such as lifestyle, diet and inflammation. In this REVIEW, we discuss the pro- and anticarcinogenic role of the microbiota, as well as highlighting the therapeutic potential of microorganisms in tumourigenesis. The broad impacts, and, at times, opposing roles of the microbiota in carcinogenesis serve to illustrate the complex and sometimes conflicted relationship between microorganisms and the host-a relationship that could potentially be harnessed for therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. B. Tsilimigras
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, USA
| | - Anthony Fodor
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, USA
| | - Christian Jobin
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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127
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Dzutsev A, Badger JH, Perez-Chanona E, Roy S, Salcedo R, Smith CK, Trinchieri G. Microbes and Cancer. Annu Rev Immunol 2017; 35:199-228. [PMID: 28142322 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-051116-052133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Commensal microorganisms (the microbiota) live on all the surface barriers of our body and are particularly abundant and diverse in the distal gut. The microbiota and its larger host represent a metaorganism in which the cross talk between microbes and host cells is necessary for health, survival, and regulation of physiological functions locally, at the barrier level, and systemically. The ancestral molecular and cellular mechanisms stemming from the earliest interactions between prokaryotes and eukaryotes have evolved to mediate microbe-dependent host physiology and tissue homeostasis, including innate and adaptive resistance to infections and tissue repair. Mostly because of its effects on metabolism, cellular proliferation, inflammation, and immunity, the microbiota regulates cancer at the level of predisposing conditions, initiation, genetic instability, susceptibility to host immune response, progression, comorbidity, and response to therapy. Here, we review the mechanisms underlying the interaction of the microbiota with cancer and the evidence suggesting that the microbiota could be targeted to improve therapy while attenuating adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiran Dzutsev
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
| | - Jonathan H Badger
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
| | - Ernesto Perez-Chanona
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
| | - Soumen Roy
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
| | - Rosalba Salcedo
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
| | - Carolyne K Smith
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
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128
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Robinson KM, Crabtree J, Mattick JSA, Anderson KE, Dunning Hotopp JC. Distinguishing potential bacteria-tumor associations from contamination in a secondary data analysis of public cancer genome sequence data. MICROBIOME 2017; 5:9. [PMID: 28118849 PMCID: PMC5264480 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-016-0224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variety of bacteria are known to influence carcinogenesis. Therefore, we sought to investigate if publicly available whole genome and whole transcriptome sequencing data generated by large public cancer genome efforts, like The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), could be used to identify bacteria associated with cancer. The Burrows-Wheeler aligner (BWA) was used to align a subset of Illumina paired-end sequencing data from TCGA to the human reference genome and all complete bacterial genomes in the RefSeq database in an effort to identify bacterial read pairs from the microbiome. RESULTS Through careful consideration of all of the bacterial taxa present in the cancer types investigated, their relative abundance, and batch effects, we were able to identify some read pairs from certain taxa as likely resulting from contamination. In particular, the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in the ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OV) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) samples was correlated with the sequencing center of the samples. Additionally, there was a correlation between the presence of Ralstonia spp. and two specific plates of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples. At the end, associations remained between Pseudomonas-like and Acinetobacter-like read pairs in AML, and Pseudomonas-like read pairs in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) that could not be explained through batch effects or systematic contamination as seen in other samples. CONCLUSIONS This approach suggests that it is possible to identify bacteria that may be present in human tumor samples from public genome sequencing data that can be examined further experimentally. More weight should be given to this approach in the future when bacterial associations with diseases are suspected.
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MESH Headings
- Acinetobacter/genetics
- Bacteria/genetics
- Bacteria/isolation & purification
- Base Sequence
- Carcinoma/classification
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/microbiology
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
- Chromosome Mapping
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/genetics
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/microbiology
- Databases, Genetic
- Genome, Bacterial
- Genome, Human
- Glioblastoma/genetics
- Glioblastoma/microbiology
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/microbiology
- Microbiota
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/genetics
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/microbiology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/microbiology
- Pseudomonas/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Robinson
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Jonathan Crabtree
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - John S. A. Mattick
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Kathleen E. Anderson
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Julie C. Dunning Hotopp
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
- Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
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129
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Hochberg ME, Noble RJ. A framework for how environment contributes to cancer risk. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:117-134. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Hochberg
- Intstitut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier; Université de Montpellier; Place E. Bataillon, CC065 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
- Santa Fe Institute; 1399 Hyde Park Rd. Santa Fe NM 87501 USA
| | - Robert J. Noble
- Intstitut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier; Université de Montpellier; Place E. Bataillon, CC065 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
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130
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Vogtmann E, Chen J, Amir A, Shi J, Abnet CC, Nelson H, Knight R, Chia N, Sinha R. Comparison of Collection Methods for Fecal Samples in Microbiome Studies. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 185:115-123. [PMID: 27986704 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kww177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective cohort studies are needed to assess the relationship between the fecal microbiome and human health and disease. To evaluate fecal collection methods, we determined technical reproducibility, stability at ambient temperature, and accuracy of 5 fecal collection methods (no additive, 95% ethanol, RNAlater Stabilization Solution, fecal occult blood test cards, and fecal immunochemical test tubes). Fifty-two healthy volunteers provided fecal samples at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, in 2014. One set from each sample collection method was frozen immediately, and a second set was incubated at room temperature for 96 hours and then frozen. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for the relative abundance of 3 phyla, 2 alpha diversity metrics, and 4 beta diversity metrics. Technical reproducibility was high, with ICCs for duplicate fecal samples between 0.64 and 1.00. Stability for most methods was generally high, although the ICCs were below 0.60 for 95% ethanol in metrics that were more sensitive to relative abundance. When compared with fecal samples that were frozen immediately, the ICCs were below 0.60 for the metrics that were sensitive to relative abundance; however, the remaining 2 alpha diversity and 3 beta diversity metrics were all relatively accurate, with ICCs above 0.60. In conclusion, all fecal sample collection methods appear relatively reproducible, stable, and accurate. Future studies could use these collection methods for microbiome analyses.
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131
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Abstract
Surgery involving the gastrointestinal tract continues to prove challenging because of the persistence of unpredictable complications such as anastomotic leakage and life-threatening infections. Removal of diseased intestinal segments results in substantial catabolic stress and might require complex reconstructive surgery to maintain the functional continuity of the intestinal tract. As gastrointestinal surgery necessarily involves a breach of an epithelial barrier colonized by microorganisms, preoperative intestinal antisepsis is used to reduce infection-related complications. The current approach to intestinal antisepsis varies widely across institutions and countries with little understanding of its mechanism of action, effect on the gut microbiota and overall efficacy. Many of the current approaches to intestinal antisepsis before gastrointestinal surgery run counter to emerging concepts of intestinal microbiota contributing to immune function and recovery from injury. Here, we review evidence outlining the role of gut microbiota in recovery from gastrointestinal surgery, particularly in the development of infections and anastomotic leak. To make surgery safer and further reduce complications, a molecular, genetic and functional understanding of the response of the gastrointestinal tract to alterations in its microbiota is needed. Methods can then be developed to preserve the health-promoting functions of the microbiota while at the same time suppressing their harmful effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Guyton
- MC-6040, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - John C Alverdy
- MC-6090, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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132
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Circadian Rhythm Shapes the Gut Microbiota Affecting Host Radiosensitivity. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111786. [PMID: 27792172 PMCID: PMC5133787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern lifestyles, such as shift work, nocturnal social activities, and jet lag, disturb the circadian rhythm. The interaction between mammals and the co-evolved intestinal microbiota modulates host physiopathological processes. Radiotherapy is a cornerstone of modern management of malignancies; however, it was previously unknown whether circadian rhythm disorder impairs prognosis after radiotherapy. To investigate the effect of circadian rhythm on radiotherapy, C57BL/6 mice were housed in different dark/light cycles, and their intestinal bacterial compositions were compared using high throughput sequencing. The survival rate, body weight, and food intake of mice in diverse cohorts were measured following irradiation exposure. Finally, the enteric bacterial composition of irradiated mice that experienced different dark/light cycles was assessed using 16S RNA sequencing. Intriguingly, mice housed in aberrant light cycles harbored a reduction of observed intestinal bacterial species and shifts of gut bacterial composition compared with those of the mice kept under 12 h dark/12 h light cycles, resulting in a decrease of host radioresistance. Moreover, the alteration of enteric bacterial composition of mice in different groups was dissimilar. Our findings provide novel insights into the effects of biological clocks on the gut bacterial composition, and underpin that the circadian rhythm influences the prognosis of patients after radiotherapy in a preclinical setting.
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133
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Yu G, Phillips S, Gail MH, Goedert JJ, Humphrys M, Ravel J, Ren Y, Caporaso NE. Evaluation of Buccal Cell Samples for Studies of Oral Microbiota. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 26:249-253. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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134
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Herreros Martínez B. Gastric microbiota and carcinogenesis - Current evidence and controversy. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2016; 108:527-9. [PMID: 27562819 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2016.4559/2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Growing research on the human microbiome, even beyond the gastrointestinal area, is not surprising mainly due to significant advances in study methods. Current reporting in this area is so intensive that clinicians are changing the unsuitable "bacterial flora" expression for more appropriate terms such as "microbiota" (the entire microbial community colonizing an ecologic niche), "microbiome" (their collective genome), or "dysbiosis" (microbial composition imbalance with respect to the normatively considered pattern). Since the diseases involved in the altered microbiota hypothesis are increasing, its implication for cancer should come as no surprise to us.
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135
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Di Pilato V, Freschi G, Ringressi MN, Pallecchi L, Rossolini GM, Bechi P. The esophageal microbiota in health and disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1381:21-33. [PMID: 27415419 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The esophageal mucosa is among the sites colonized by human microbiota, the complex microbial ecosystem that colonizes various body surfaces and is increasingly recognized to play roles in several physiological and pathological processes. Our understanding of the composition of the esophageal microbiota in health and disease is challenged by the need for invasive sampling procedures and by the dynamic nature of the esophageal environment and remains limited in comparison with the information available for other body sites. Members of the genus Streptococcus appear to be the major components of the microbiota of the healthy esophagus, although the presence of several other taxa has also been reported. Dysbiosis, consisting of enrichment in some Gram-negative taxa (including Veillonella, Prevotella, Haemophilus, Neisseria, Campylobacter, and Fusobacterium), has been reported in association with gastroesophageal reflux disease and is hypothesized to contribute to the evolution of this condition toward Barrett's esophagus (which is the most common esophageal precancerous lesion) and, eventually, adenocarcinoma. Some Campylobacter species (mostly C. concisus) are also putatively involved in the progression of disease toward adenocarcinoma. However, variable findings have recently been reported in additional studies. Causative relationships between dysbiosis or specific bacterial species and esophageal diseases remain controversial and warrant further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Di Pilato
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Freschi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Gastrointestinal Surgery Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Novella Ringressi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Gastrointestinal Surgery Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Pallecchi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Microbiology and Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.,Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Bechi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Gastrointestinal Surgery Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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136
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Verma M. Mechanistic and Technical Challenges in Studying the Human Microbiome and Cancer Epidemiology. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2016; 16:150-158. [PMID: 27121074 DOI: 10.1177/1533034616645219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the significance of the microbiome in cancer epidemiology, mechanistic and technical challenges in the field, and characterization of the microbiome in different tumor types to identify biomarkers of risk, progression, and prognosis. Publications on the microbiome and cancer epidemiology were reviewed to analyze sample collection and processing, microbiome taxa characterization by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, and microbiome metabolite characterization (metabotyping) by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. The analysis identified methodology types, research design, sample types, and issues in integrating data from different platforms. Aerodigestive cancer epidemiology studies conducted by different groups demonstrated the significance of microbiome information in developing approaches to improve health. Challenges exist in sample preparation and processing (eg, standardization of methods for collection and analysis). These challenges relate to technology, data integration from "omics" studies, inherent bias in primer selection during 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, the need for large consortia with well-characterized biospecimens, cause and effect issues, resilience of microbiota to exposure events (requires longitudinal studies), and expanding studies for fungal and viral diversity (most studies used bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing for microbiota characterization). Despite these challenges, microbiome and cancer epidemiology studies are significant and may facilitate cancer risk assessment, diagnosis, and prognosis. In the future, clinical trials likely will use microbiota modifications to improve the efficacy of existing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Verma
- 1 Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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137
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Vogtmann E, Hua X, Zeller G, Sunagawa S, Voigt AY, Hercog R, Goedert JJ, Shi J, Bork P, Sinha R. Colorectal Cancer and the Human Gut Microbiome: Reproducibility with Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155362. [PMID: 27171425 PMCID: PMC4865240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiota affects colorectal cancer development, but previous studies have varied in population, technical methods, and associations with cancer. Understanding these variations is needed for comparisons and for potential pooling across studies. Therefore, we performed whole-genome shotgun sequencing on fecal samples from 52 pre-treatment colorectal cancer cases and 52 matched controls from Washington, DC. We compared findings from a previously published 16S rRNA study to the metagenomics-derived taxonomy within the same population. In addition, metagenome-predicted genes, modules, and pathways in the Washington, DC cases and controls were compared to cases and controls recruited in France whose specimens were processed using the same platform. Associations between the presence of fecal Fusobacteria, Fusobacterium, and Porphyromonas with colorectal cancer detected by 16S rRNA were reproduced by metagenomics, whereas higher relative abundance of Clostridia in cancer cases based on 16S rRNA was merely borderline based on metagenomics. This demonstrated that within the same sample set, most, but not all taxonomic associations were seen with both methods. Considering significant cancer associations with the relative abundance of genes, modules, and pathways in a recently published French metagenomics dataset, statistically significant associations in the Washington, DC population were detected for four out of 10 genes, three out of nine modules, and seven out of 17 pathways. In total, colorectal cancer status in the Washington, DC study was associated with 39% of the metagenome-predicted genes, modules, and pathways identified in the French study. More within and between population comparisons are needed to identify sources of variation and disease associations that can be reproduced despite these variations. Future studies should have larger sample sizes or pool data across studies to have sufficient power to detect associations that are reproducible and significant after correction for multiple testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Vogtmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xing Hua
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Georg Zeller
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shinichi Sunagawa
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anita Y. Voigt
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), University Hospital Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rajna Hercog
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - James J. Goedert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peer Bork
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), University Hospital Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Bioinformatics Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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