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Mancheño-Corvo P, Lopez-Santalla M, Menta R, DelaRosa O, Mulero F, Del Rio B, Ramirez C, Büscher D, Bueren JA, Lopez-Belmonte J, Dalemans W, Garin MI, Lombardo E. Intralymphatic Administration of Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reduces the Severity of Collagen-Induced Experimental Arthritis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:462. [PMID: 28484460 PMCID: PMC5399019 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells with immunomodulatory properties. They have emerged as a very promising treatment for autoimmunity and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Previous studies have demonstrated that MSCs, administered systemically, migrate to lymphoid tissues associated with the inflammatory site where functional MSC-induced immune cells with a regulatory phenotype were increased mediating the immunomodulatory effects of MSCs. These results suggest that homing of MSCs to the lymphatic system plays an important role in the mechanism of action of MSCs in vivo. Thus, we hypothesized that direct intralymphatic (IL) (also referred as intranodal) administration of MSCs could be an alternative and effective route of administration for MSC-based therapy. Here, we report the feasibility and efficacy of the IL administration of human expanded adipose mesenchymal stem cells (eASCs) in a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). IL administration of eASCs attenuated the severity and progression of arthritis, reduced bone destruction and increased the levels of regulatory T cells (CD25+Foxp3+CD4+ cells) and Tr1 cells (IL10+CD4+), in spleen and draining lymph nodes. Taken together, these results indicate that IL administration of eASCs is very effective in modulating established CIA and may represent an alternative treatment modality for cell therapy with eASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mercedes Lopez-Santalla
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), Madrid, Spain.,Advanced Therapies Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Francisca Mulero
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Juan A Bueren
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), Madrid, Spain.,Advanced Therapies Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Marina I Garin
- Division of Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), Madrid, Spain.,Advanced Therapies Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
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102
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Horner CB, Hirota K, Liu J, Maldonado M, Hyle Park B, Nam J. Magnitude‐dependent and inversely‐related osteogenic/chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells under dynamic compressive strain. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e637-e647. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Koji Hirota
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Junze Liu
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Maricela Maldonado
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - B. Hyle Park
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Jin Nam
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
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103
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Adipose Derived Stem Cells Conditioned Media in Combination with Bioceramic-Collagen Scaffolds Improved Calvarial Bone Healing in Hypothyroid Rats. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.45516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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104
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Fakoya AOJ. New Delivery Systems of Stem Cells for Vascular Regeneration in Ischemia. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:7. [PMID: 28286751 PMCID: PMC5323391 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The finances of patients and countries are increasingly overwhelmed with the plague of cardiovascular diseases as a result of having to chronically manage the associated complications of ischemia such as heart failures, neurological deficits, chronic limb ulcers, gangrenes, and amputations. Hence, scientific research has sought for alternate therapies since pharmacological and surgical treatments have fallen below expectations in providing the desired quality of life. The advent of stem cells research has raised expectations with respect to vascular regeneration and tissue remodeling, hence assuring the patients of the possibility of an improved quality of life. However, these supposed encouraging results have been short-lived as the retention, survival, and engraftment rates of these cells appear to be inadequate; hence, the long-term beneficial effects of these cells cannot be ascertained. These drawbacks have led to the relentless research into better ways to deliver stem cells or angiogenic factors (which mobilize stem cells) to the regions of interest to facilitate increased retention, survival, engraftment, and regeneration. This review considered methods, such as the use of scaffolds, retrograde coronary delivery, improved combinations, stem cell pretreatment, preconditioning, stem cell exosomes, mannitol, magnet, and ultrasound-enhanced delivery, homing techniques, and stem cell modulation. Furthermore, the study appraised the possibility of a combination therapy of stem cells and macrophages, considering the enormous role macrophages play in repair, remodeling, and angiogenesis.
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105
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Transcriptome Profiling of IL-17A Preactivated Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Comparative Study to Unmodified and IFN- γ Modified Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:1025820. [PMID: 28293262 PMCID: PMC5331321 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1025820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells pretreatment with IL-17A (MSC-17) potently enhances T cell immunosuppression but not their immunogenicity, in addition to avidly promoting the induction of suppressive regulatory T cells. The aim of this study was to identify potential mechanisms by which human MSC-17 mediate their superior immunomodulatory function. Untreated-MSC (UT-MSC), IFN-γ treated MSC (MSC-γ), and MSC-17 were assessed for their gene expression profile by microarray. Significantly regulated genes were identified for their biological functions (Database for Annotation, Visualisation and Integrated Discovery, DAVID). Microarray analyses identified 1278 differentially regulated genes between MSC-γ and UT-MSC and 67 genes between MSC-17 and UT-MSC. MSC-γ were enriched for genes involved in immune response, antigen processing and presentation, humoral response, and complement activation, consistent with increased MSC-γ immunogenicity. MSC-17 genes were associated with chemotaxis response, which may be involved in T cell recruitment for MSC-17 immunosuppression. MMP1, MMP13, and CXCL6 were highly and specifically expressed in MSC-17, which was further validated by real-time PCR. Thus, MMPs and chemokines may play a key role in mediating MSC-17 superior immunomodulatory function. MSC-17 represent a potential cellular therapy to suppress immunological T cell responses mediated by expression of an array of immunoregulatory molecules.
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106
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Ultrasound-Mediated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transfection as a Targeted Cancer Therapy Platform. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42046. [PMID: 28169315 PMCID: PMC5294424 DOI: 10.1038/srep42046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold tremendous potential as a targeted cell-based delivery platform for inflammatory and cancer therapy. Genetic manipulation of MSCs, however, is challenging, and therefore, most studies using MSCs as therapeutic cell carriers have utilized viral vectors to transduce the cells. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, an alternative approach for the efficient transfection of MSCs; therapeutic ultrasound (TUS). Using TUS with low intensities and moderate frequencies, MSCs were transfected with a pDNA encoding for PEX, a protein that inhibits tumor angiogenesis, and studied as a cell vehicle for in vivo tumor therapy. TUS application did not alter the MSCs' stemness or their homing capabilities, and the transfected MSCs transcribed biologically active PEX. Additionally, in a mouse model, 70% inhibition of prostate tumor growth was achieved following a single I.V. administration of MSCs that were TUS-transfected with pPEX. Further, the repeated I.V. administration of TUS-pPEX transfected-MSCs enhanced tumor inhibition up to 84%. Altogether, these results provide a proof of concept that TUS-transfected MSCs can be effectively used as a cell-based delivery approach for the prospective treatment of cancer.
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Daldrup-Link HE, Chan C, Lenkov O, Taghavigarmestani S, Nazekati T, Nejadnik H, Chapelin F, Khurana A, Tong X, Yang F, Pisani L, Longaker M, Gambhir SS. Detection of Stem Cell Transplant Rejection with Ferumoxytol MR Imaging: Correlation of MR Imaging Findings with Those at Intravital Microscopy. Radiology 2017; 284:495-507. [PMID: 28128708 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017161139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To determine whether endogenous labeling of macrophages with clinically applicable nanoparticles enables noninvasive detection of innate immune responses to stem cell transplants with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Materials and Methods Work with human stem cells was approved by the institutional review board and the stem cell research oversight committee, and animal experiments were approved by the administrative panel on laboratory animal care. Nine immunocompetent Sprague-Dawley rats received intravenous injection of ferumoxytol, and 18 Jax C57BL/6-Tg (Csf1r-EGFP-NGFR/FKBP1A/TNFRSF6) 2Bck/J mice received rhodamine-conjugated ferumoxytol. Then, 48 hours later, immune-matched or mismatched stem cells were implanted into osteochondral defects of the knee joints of experimental rats and calvarial defects of Jax mice. All animals underwent serial MR imaging and intravital microscopy (IVM) up to 4 weeks after surgery. Macrophages of Jax C57BL/6-Tg (Csf1r-EGFP-NGFR/FKBP1A/TNFRSF6) 2Bck/J mice express enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP), which enables in vivo correlation of ferumoxytol enhancement at MR imaging with macrophage quantities at IVM. All quantitative data were compared between experimental groups by using a mixed linear model and t tests. Results Immune-mismatched stem cell implants demonstrated stronger ferumoxytol enhancement than did matched stem cell implants. At 4 weeks, T2 values of mismatched implants were significantly lower than those of matched implants in osteochondral defects of female rats (mean, 10.72 msec for human stem cells and 11.55 msec for male rat stem cells vs 15.45 msec for sex-matched rat stem cells; P = .02 and P = .04, respectively) and calvarial defects of recipient mice (mean, 21.7 msec vs 27.1 msec, respectively; P = .0444). This corresponded to increased recruitment of enhanced GFP- and rhodamine-ferumoxytol-positive macrophages into stem cell transplants, as visualized with IVM and histopathologic examination. Conclusion Endogenous labeling of macrophages with ferumoxytol enables noninvasive detection of innate immune responses to stem cell transplants with MR imaging. © RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike E Daldrup-Link
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) (H.E.D.L., C.C., O.L., S.T., T.N., H.N., F.C., A.K., F.Y., L.P., M.L., S.S.G.), Department of Pediatrics (H.E.D.L.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (H.E.D.L.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (X.T., F.Y.), Department of Bioengineering (F.Y., S.S.G.), Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (M.L.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (M.L., S.S.G.), Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5614
| | - Carmel Chan
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) (H.E.D.L., C.C., O.L., S.T., T.N., H.N., F.C., A.K., F.Y., L.P., M.L., S.S.G.), Department of Pediatrics (H.E.D.L.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (H.E.D.L.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (X.T., F.Y.), Department of Bioengineering (F.Y., S.S.G.), Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (M.L.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (M.L., S.S.G.), Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5614
| | - Olga Lenkov
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) (H.E.D.L., C.C., O.L., S.T., T.N., H.N., F.C., A.K., F.Y., L.P., M.L., S.S.G.), Department of Pediatrics (H.E.D.L.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (H.E.D.L.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (X.T., F.Y.), Department of Bioengineering (F.Y., S.S.G.), Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (M.L.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (M.L., S.S.G.), Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5614
| | - Seyedmeghdad Taghavigarmestani
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) (H.E.D.L., C.C., O.L., S.T., T.N., H.N., F.C., A.K., F.Y., L.P., M.L., S.S.G.), Department of Pediatrics (H.E.D.L.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (H.E.D.L.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (X.T., F.Y.), Department of Bioengineering (F.Y., S.S.G.), Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (M.L.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (M.L., S.S.G.), Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5614
| | - Toktam Nazekati
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) (H.E.D.L., C.C., O.L., S.T., T.N., H.N., F.C., A.K., F.Y., L.P., M.L., S.S.G.), Department of Pediatrics (H.E.D.L.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (H.E.D.L.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (X.T., F.Y.), Department of Bioengineering (F.Y., S.S.G.), Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (M.L.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (M.L., S.S.G.), Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5614
| | - Hossein Nejadnik
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) (H.E.D.L., C.C., O.L., S.T., T.N., H.N., F.C., A.K., F.Y., L.P., M.L., S.S.G.), Department of Pediatrics (H.E.D.L.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (H.E.D.L.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (X.T., F.Y.), Department of Bioengineering (F.Y., S.S.G.), Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (M.L.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (M.L., S.S.G.), Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5614
| | - Fanny Chapelin
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) (H.E.D.L., C.C., O.L., S.T., T.N., H.N., F.C., A.K., F.Y., L.P., M.L., S.S.G.), Department of Pediatrics (H.E.D.L.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (H.E.D.L.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (X.T., F.Y.), Department of Bioengineering (F.Y., S.S.G.), Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (M.L.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (M.L., S.S.G.), Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5614
| | - Aman Khurana
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) (H.E.D.L., C.C., O.L., S.T., T.N., H.N., F.C., A.K., F.Y., L.P., M.L., S.S.G.), Department of Pediatrics (H.E.D.L.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (H.E.D.L.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (X.T., F.Y.), Department of Bioengineering (F.Y., S.S.G.), Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (M.L.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (M.L., S.S.G.), Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5614
| | - Xinming Tong
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) (H.E.D.L., C.C., O.L., S.T., T.N., H.N., F.C., A.K., F.Y., L.P., M.L., S.S.G.), Department of Pediatrics (H.E.D.L.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (H.E.D.L.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (X.T., F.Y.), Department of Bioengineering (F.Y., S.S.G.), Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (M.L.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (M.L., S.S.G.), Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5614
| | - Fan Yang
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) (H.E.D.L., C.C., O.L., S.T., T.N., H.N., F.C., A.K., F.Y., L.P., M.L., S.S.G.), Department of Pediatrics (H.E.D.L.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (H.E.D.L.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (X.T., F.Y.), Department of Bioengineering (F.Y., S.S.G.), Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (M.L.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (M.L., S.S.G.), Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5614
| | - Laura Pisani
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) (H.E.D.L., C.C., O.L., S.T., T.N., H.N., F.C., A.K., F.Y., L.P., M.L., S.S.G.), Department of Pediatrics (H.E.D.L.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (H.E.D.L.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (X.T., F.Y.), Department of Bioengineering (F.Y., S.S.G.), Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (M.L.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (M.L., S.S.G.), Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5614
| | - Michael Longaker
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) (H.E.D.L., C.C., O.L., S.T., T.N., H.N., F.C., A.K., F.Y., L.P., M.L., S.S.G.), Department of Pediatrics (H.E.D.L.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (H.E.D.L.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (X.T., F.Y.), Department of Bioengineering (F.Y., S.S.G.), Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (M.L.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (M.L., S.S.G.), Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5614
| | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) (H.E.D.L., C.C., O.L., S.T., T.N., H.N., F.C., A.K., F.Y., L.P., M.L., S.S.G.), Department of Pediatrics (H.E.D.L.), Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (H.E.D.L.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (X.T., F.Y.), Department of Bioengineering (F.Y., S.S.G.), Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (M.L.), and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (M.L., S.S.G.), Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5614
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Marquina M, Collado JA, Pérez-Cruz M, Fernández-Pernas P, Fafián-Labora J, Blanco FJ, Máñez R, Arufe MC, Costa C. Biodistribution and Immunogenicity of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Rat Model of Intraarticular Chondrocyte Xenotransplantation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1465. [PMID: 29163532 PMCID: PMC5681521 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Xenogeneic chondrocytes and allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are considered a potential source of cells for articular cartilage repair. We here assessed the immune response triggered by xenogeneic chondrocytes when injected intraarticularly, as well as the immunoregulatory effect of allogeneic bone marrow-derived MSC after systemic administration. To this end, a discordant xenotransplantation model was established by injecting three million porcine articular chondrocytes (PAC) into the femorotibial joint of Lewis rats and monitoring the immune response. First, the fate of MSC injected using various routes was monitored in an in vivo imaging system. The biodistribution revealed a dependency on the injection route with MSC injected intravenously (i.v.) succumbing early after 24 h and MSC injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) lasting locally for at least 5 days. Importantly, no migration of MSC to the joint was detected in rats previously injected with PAC. MSC were then administered either i.v. 1 week before PAC injection or i.p. 3 weeks after to assess their immunomodulatory function on humoral and adaptive immune parameters. Anti-PAC IgM and IgG responses were detected in all PAC-injected rats with a peak at week 2 postinjection and reactivity remaining above baseline levels by week 18. IgG2a and IgG2b were the predominant and long-lasting IgG subtypes. By contrast, no anti-MSC antibody response was detected in the cohort injected with MSC only, but infusion of MSC before PAC injection temporarily augmented the anti-PAC antibody response. Consistent with a cellular immune response to PAC in PAC-injected rats, cytokine/chemokine profiling in serum by antibody array revealed a distinct pattern relative to controls characterized by elevation of multiple markers at week 2, as well as increases in proliferation in draining lymph nodes. Notably, systemic administration of allogeneic MSC under the described conditions did not diminish the immune response. IL-2 measurements in cocultures of rat peripheral blood lymphocytes with PAC indicated that PAC injection induced some T-cell hyporesponsiveness that was not enhanced in the cohorts additionally receiving MSC. Thus, PAC injected intraarticularly in Lewis rats induced a cellular and humoral immune response that was not counteracted by the systemic administration of allogeneic MSC under the described conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maribel Marquina
- Infectious Diseases and Transplantation Division, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge – IDIBELL, Bellvitge University Hospital, ICS, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier A. Collado
- Infectious Diseases and Transplantation Division, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge – IDIBELL, Bellvitge University Hospital, ICS, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magdiel Pérez-Cruz
- Infectious Diseases and Transplantation Division, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge – IDIBELL, Bellvitge University Hospital, ICS, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Fernández-Pernas
- Cellular Therapy and Medicine Regenerative Group, Department of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña, As Xubias, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Juan Fafián-Labora
- Cellular Therapy and Medicine Regenerative Group, Department of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña, As Xubias, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Blanco
- Grupo de Proteómica-ProteoRed/Plataforma PBR2-ISCIII, Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña, As Xubias, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Rafael Máñez
- Infectious Diseases and Transplantation Division, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge – IDIBELL, Bellvitge University Hospital, ICS, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María C. Arufe
- Cellular Therapy and Medicine Regenerative Group, Department of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña, As Xubias, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Cristina Costa
- Infectious Diseases and Transplantation Division, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge – IDIBELL, Bellvitge University Hospital, ICS, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Cristina Costa,
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109
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Fu X, Yang H, Zhang H, Wang G, Liu K, Gu Q, Tao Y, Chen G, Jiang X, Li G, Gu Y, Shi Q. Improved osteogenesis and upregulated immunogenicity in human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells primed with osteogenic induction medium. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:138. [PMID: 27649692 PMCID: PMC5028975 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0400-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used in cell-based therapy owing to their multilineage potential and low immunogenicity. However, low differentiation efficiency and unpredictable immunogenicity of allogeneic MSCs in vivo limit their success in therapeutic treatment. Herein, we evaluated the differentiation potential and immunogenicity of human placenta-derived MSCs manipulated with osteogenic priming and dedifferentiation process. METHODS MSCs from human placentas were subjected to osteogenic induction and then cultivated in osteogenic factor-free media; the obtained cell population was termed dedifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells (De-MSCs). De-MSCs were induced into osteo-, chondro- and adipo-differentiation in vitro. Cell proliferation was quantified by a Cell-Counting Kit-8 or tritiated thymidine ([(3)H]-TdR) incorporation. Meanwhile, the osteogenesis of De-MSCs in vivo was assayed by real-time PCR and histological staining. The expressions of stem cell markers and co-stimulatory molecules on De-MSCs and lymphocytes from primed BALB/c mouse with De-MSCs were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS De-MSCs exhibited some properties similar to MSCs including multiple differentiation potential and hypoimmunogenicity. Upon re-osteogenic induction, De-MSCs exhibited higher differentiation capability than MSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Of note, De-MSCs had upregulated immunogenicity in association with their osteogenesis, reflected by the alternated expressions of co-stimulatory molecules on the surface and decreased suppression on T cell activation. Functionally, De-MSC-derived osteoblasts could prime lymphocytes of peripheral blood and spleen in BALB/c mice in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These data are of great significance for the potential application of De-MSCs as an alternative resource for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. In order to avoid being rejected by the host during allogeneic De-MSC therapy, we suggest that immune intervention should be considered to boost the immune acceptance and integration because of the upregulated immunogenicity of De-MSCs with redifferentiation in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Fu
- Orthopedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Orthopedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Orthopedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Guichao Wang
- Orthopedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Liu
- Orthopedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoli Gu
- Orthopedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxia Tao
- Orthopedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangcun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine and i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yanzheng Gu
- Orthopedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Stem Cell of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Soochow University, No.188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qin Shi
- Orthopedic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.
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Williams LB, Co C, Koenig JB, Tse C, Lindsay E, Koch TG. Response to Intravenous Allogeneic Equine Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Administered from Chilled or Frozen State in Serum and Protein-Free Media. Front Vet Sci 2016; 3:56. [PMID: 27500136 PMCID: PMC4956649 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are commonly transported, chilled or frozen, to veterinary clinics. These MSC must remain viable and minimally affected by culture, transport, or injection processes. The safety of two carrier solutions developed for optimal viability and excipient use were evaluated in ponies, with and without allogeneic cord blood-derived (CB) MSC. We hypothesized that neither the carrier solutions nor CB-MSC would elicit measurable changes in clinical, hematological, or biochemical parameters. In nine ponies (study 1), a bolus of HypoThermosol® FRS (HTS-FRS), CryoStor® CS10 (CS10), or saline was injected IV (n = 3/treatment). Study 2, following a 1-week washout period, 5 × 107 pooled allogeneic CB-MSCs were administered IV in HTS-FRS following 24 h simulated chilled transport. Study 3, following another 1-week washout period 5 × 107 pooled allogeneic CB-MSCs were administered IV in CS10 immediately after thawing. Nine ponies received CB-MSCs in study 2 and 3, and three ponies received the cell carrier media without cells. CB-MSCs were pooled in equal numbers from five unrelated donors. In all studies, ponies were monitored with physical examination, and blood collection for 7 days following injection. CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte populations were also evaluated in each blood sample. In all three studies, physical exam, complete blood cell count, serum biochemistry, and coagulation panel did not deviate from established normal ranges. Proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes increased at 168 h postinjection in CB-MSC treatment groups regardless of the carrier solution. Decreases in CD4+/CD8+ double positive populations were observed at 24 and 72 h in CB-MSC-treated animals. There was no difference in viability between CB-MSCs suspended in HTS-FRS and CS10. HTS-FRS and CS10 used for low volume excipient injection of MSC suspensions were not associated with short-term adverse reactions. HTS-FRS and CS10 both adequately maintain CB-MSC viability following hypothermic or frozen simulated transport, respectively. CB-MSCs do not elicit clinical abnormalities, but allogeneic stimulation of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte populations may occur. Future studies should include in vitro or in vivo evaluation of cell-mediated or adaptive immunity to autologous, identical allogeneic, or MSC originating from additional unrelated individuals in order to better characterize this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn B Williams
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, ON , Canada
| | - Carmon Co
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, ON , Canada
| | - Judith B Koenig
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph , Guelph, ON , Canada
| | - Crystal Tse
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, ON , Canada
| | - Emily Lindsay
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, ON , Canada
| | - Thomas G Koch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, ON , Canada
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111
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de Lima KA, de Oliveira GLV, Yaochite JNU, Pinheiro DG, de Azevedo JTC, Silva WA, Covas DT, Couri CEB, Simões BP, Voltarelli JC, Oliveira MC, Malmegrim KCR. Transcriptional profiling reveals intrinsic mRNA alterations in multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from bone marrow of newly-diagnosed type 1 diabetes patients. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:92. [PMID: 27406064 PMCID: PMC4942931 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0351-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a diverse subset of precursors that contribute to the homeostasis of the hematopoietic niche. MSCs can be isolated and expanded in vitro and have unique immunomodulatory and regenerative properties that make them attractive for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). Whether autologous or allogeneic MSCs are more suitable for therapeutic purposes has not yet been established. While autologous MSCs may present abnormal function, allogeneic cells may be recognized and rejected by the host immune system. Thus, studies that investigate biological characteristics of MSCs isolated from T1D patients are essential to guide future clinical applications. Methods Bone marrow-derived MSCs from recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes patients (T1D-MSCs) were compared with those from healthy individuals (C-MSCs) for morphological and immunophenotypic characteristics and for differentiation potential. Bioinformatics approaches allowed us to match absolute and differential gene expression of several adhesion molecules, immune mediators, growth factors, and their receptors involved with hematopoietic support and immunomodulatory properties of MSCs. Finally, the differentially expressed genes were collated for functional pathway enrichment analysis. Results T1D-MSCs and C-MSCs were similar for morphology, immunophenotype, and differentiation potential. Our absolute gene expression results supported previous literature reports, while also detecting new potential molecules related to bone marrow-derived MSC functions. T1D-MSCs showed intrinsic abnormalities in mRNA expression, including the immunomodulatory molecules VCAM-1, CXCL12, HGF, and CCL2. Pathway analyses revealed activation of sympathetic nervous system and JAK STAT signaling in T1D-MSCs. Conclusions Collectively, our results indicate that MSCs isolated from T1D patients present intrinsic transcriptional alterations that may affect their therapeutic potential. However, the implications of these abnormalities in T1D development as well as in the therapeutic efficacy of autologous MSCs require further investigation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-016-0351-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalil A de Lima
- Center for Cell-Based Research, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto Medical, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil. .,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil. .,, Tenente Catao Roxo, 2501, Monte Alegre, 14051-140, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gislane L V de Oliveira
- Center for Cell-Based Research, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto Medical, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Juliana N U Yaochite
- Center for Cell-Based Research, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto Medical, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.,Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Daniel G Pinheiro
- Center for Cell-Based Research, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto Medical, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Júlia T C de Azevedo
- Center for Cell-Based Research, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto Medical, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Wilson Araujo Silva
- Center for Cell-Based Research, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto Medical, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Dimas T Covas
- Center for Cell-Based Research, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto Medical, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Carlos E B Couri
- Center for Cell-Based Research, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto Medical, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Belinda P Simões
- Center for Cell-Based Research, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto Medical, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Julio C Voltarelli
- Center for Cell-Based Research, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto Medical, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria C Oliveira
- Center for Cell-Based Research, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto Medical, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Kelen C R Malmegrim
- Center for Cell-Based Research, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto Medical, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.,Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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112
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Zhou JY, Zhang Z, Qian GS. Mesenchymal stem cells to treat diabetic neuropathy: a long and strenuous way from bench to the clinic. Cell Death Discov 2016; 2:16055. [PMID: 27551543 PMCID: PMC4979500 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2016.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most common complications of diabetes, diabetic neuropathy often causes foot ulcers and even limb amputations. Inspite of continuous development in antidiabetic drugs, there is still no efficient therapy to cure diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy shows declined vascularity in peripheral nerves and lack of angiogenic and neurotrophic factors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been indicated as a novel emerging regenerative therapy for diabetic neuropathy because of their multipotency. We will briefly review the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy, characteristic of MSCs, effects of MSC therapies for diabetic neuropathy and its related mechanisms. In order to treat diabetic neuropathy, neurotrophic or angiogenic factors in the form of protein or gene therapy are delivered to diabetic neuropathy, but therapeutic efficiencies are very modest if not ineffective. MSC treatment reverses manifestations of diabetic neuropathy. MSCs have an important role to repair tissue and to lower blood glucose level. MSCs even paracrinely secrete neurotrophic factors, angiogenic factors, cytokines, and immunomodulatory substances to ameliorate diabetic neuropathy. There are still several challenges in the clinical translation of MSC therapy, such as safety, optimal dose of administration, optimal mode of cell delivery, issues of MSC heterogeneity, clinically meaningful engraftment, autologous or allogeneic approach, challenges with cell manufacture, and further mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Zhou
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Z Zhang
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400037, China
| | - G S Qian
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, 400037, China
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113
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Noh MY, Lim SM, Oh KW, Cho KA, Park J, Kim KS, Lee SJ, Kwon MS, Kim SH. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulate the Functional Properties of Microglia via TGF-β Secretion. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1538-1549. [PMID: 27400795 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
: The regulation of microglial cell phenotype is a potential therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative disease. Previously, we reported that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) levels in mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) could be used as potential biological markers to predict the effectiveness of autologous MSC therapy in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, the underlying mechanism of TGF-β in MSCs was not fully elucidated in determining the functional properties of microglia. In this study, we aimed to clarify the role of TGF-β that is involved in MSC effectiveness, especially focusing on microglia functional properties that play a pivotal role in neuroinflammation. We found that MSC-conditioned media (MSC-CM) inhibited proinflammatory cytokine expression, restored alternative activated microglia phenotype markers (fractalkine receptor, mannose receptor, CD200 receptor), and enhanced phagocytosis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia. In addition, TGF-β in MSC-CM played a major role in these effects by inhibiting the nuclear factor-κB pathway and restoring the TGF-β pathway in LPS-stimulated microglia. Recombinant TGF-β also induced similar effects to MSC-CM in LPS-stimulated microglia. Therefore, we propose that MSCs can modulate the functional properties of microglia via TGF-β secretion, switching them from a classically activated phenotype to an inflammation-resolving phenotype. The latter role may be associated with the inhibition of neuroinflammatory processes in neurodegenerative disorders. SIGNIFICANCE The results of this study showed that microglia functional properties may be modulated depending on the composition and quantity of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-secreting factors. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is proposed as a modulator of microglia functional properties among MSC-secreting factors, and this study aligns with a previous clinical study by these same authors. TGF-β releasing capacity could be an important factor enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Noh
- Cell Therapy Center and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Min Lim
- Cell Therapy Center and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Wook Oh
- Cell Therapy Center and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Cho
- Cell Therapy Center and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neural Development and Disease and Behavioral Neuroepigenetics Laboratory, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseok Park
- Cell Therapy Center and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Suk Kim
- Bioengineering Institute, CORESTEM Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jung Lee
- Cell Therapy Center and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Cell Therapy Center and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Consentius C, Akyüz L, Schmidt-Lucke JA, Tschöpe C, Pinzur L, Ofir R, Reinke P, Volk HD, Juelke K. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Prevent Allostimulation In Vivo and Control Checkpoints of Th1 Priming: Migration of Human DC to Lymph Nodes and NK Cell Activation. Stem Cells 2016; 33:3087-99. [PMID: 26184374 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although the immunomodulatory potency of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) is well established, the mechanisms behind are still not clear. The crosstalk between myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) and natural killer (NK) cells and especially NK cell-derived interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) play a pivotal role in the development of type 1 helper (Th1) cell immune responses. While many studies explored the isolated impact of MSC on either in vitro generated DC, NK, or T cells, there are only few data available on the complex interplay between these cells. Here, we investigated the impact of MSC on the functionality of human mDC and the consequences for NK cell and Th1 priming in vitro and in vivo. In critical limb ischemia patients, who have been treated with allogeneic placenta-derived mesenchymal-like stromal cells (PLX-PAD), no in vivo priming of Th1 responses toward the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) mismatches could be detected. Further in vitro studies revealed that mDC reprogramming could play a central role for these effects. Following crosstalk with MSC, activated mDC acquired a tolerogenic phenotype characterized by reduced migration toward CCR7 ligand and impaired ability to stimulate NK cell-derived IFN-γ production. These effects, which were strongly related to an altered interleukin (IL)-12/IL-10 production by mDC, were accompanied by an effective prevention of Th1 priming in vivo. Our findings provide novel evidence for the regulation of Th1 priming by MSC via modulation of mDC and NK cell crosstalk and show that off-the-shelf produced MHC-mismatched PLX-PAD can be used in patients without any sign of immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Consentius
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Akyüz
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - C Tschöpe
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Department for Cardiology, CVK, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Pinzur
- Pluristem Therapeutics, Inc, Haifa, Israel
| | - R Ofir
- Pluristem Therapeutics, Inc, Haifa, Israel
| | - P Reinke
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Department for Nephrology and Intensive Care, CVK, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - H-D Volk
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Juelke
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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115
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Liu X, Fang Q, Kim H. Preclinical Studies of Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) Administration in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157099. [PMID: 27280283 PMCID: PMC4900582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last two decades, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been pre-clinically utilized in the treatment of a variety of kinds of diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of the current study was to systematically review and conduct a meta-analysis on the published pre-clinical studies of MSC administration in the treatment of COPD in animal models. METHODS AND RESULTS A systematic search of electronic databases was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Version 3). The pooled Hedges's g with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) was adopted to assess the effect size. Random effect model was used due to the heterogeneity between the studies. A total of 20 eligible studies were included in the current systematic review. The overall meta-analysis showed that MSC administration was significantly in favor of attenuating acute lung injury (Hedges's g = -2.325 ± 0.145 with 95% CI: -2.609 ~ -2.040, P < 0.001 for mean linear intercept, MLI; Hedges's g = -3.488 ± 0.504 with 95% CI: -4.476 ~ -2.501, P < 0.001 for TUNEL staining), stimulating lung tissue repair (Hedges's g = 3.249 ± 0.586 with 95% CI: 2.103~ 4.394, P < 0.001) and improving lung function (Hedges's g = 2.053 ± 0.408 with 95% CI: 1.253 ~ 2.854, P< 0.001). The mechanism of MSC therapy in COPD is through ameliorating airway inflammation (Hedges's g = -2.956 ± 0.371 with 95% CI: -3.683 ~ -2.229, P< 0.001) and stimulating cytokine synthesis that involves lung tissue repair (Hedges's g = 3.103 ± 0.734 with 95% CI: 1.664 ~ 4.541, P< 0.001). CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest a promising role for MSCs in COPD treatment. Although the COPD models may not truly mimic COPD patients, these pre-clinical studies demonstrate that MSC hold promise in the treatment of chronic lung diseases including COPD. The mechanisms of MSCs role in preclinical COPD treatment may be associated with attenuating airway inflammation as well as stimulating lung tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangde Liu
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Qiuhong Fang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, The Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huijung Kim
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, WonKwang University, Sanbon Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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116
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Álvaro-Gracia JM, Jover JA, García-Vicuña R, Carreño L, Alonso A, Marsal S, Blanco F, Martínez-Taboada VM, Taylor P, Martín-Martín C, DelaRosa O, Tagarro I, Díaz-González F. Intravenous administration of expanded allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in refractory rheumatoid arthritis (Cx611): results of a multicentre, dose escalation, randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled phase Ib/IIa clinical trial. Ann Rheum Dis 2016; 76:196-202. [PMID: 27269294 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the safety and tolerability of the intravenous administration of Cx611, a preparation of allogeneic expanded adipose-derived stem cells (eASCs), in patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as well as to obtain preliminary clinical efficacy data in this population. METHODS It is a multicentre, dose escalation, randomised, single-blind (double-blind for efficacy), placebo-controlled, phase Ib/IIa clinical trial. Patients with active refractory RA (failure to at least two biologicals) were randomised to receive three intravenous infusions of Cx611: 1 million/kg (cohort A), 2 million/kg (cohort B), 4 million/kg (cohort C) or placebo, on days 1, 8 and 15, and they were followed for therapy assessment for 24 weeks. RESULTS Fifty-three patients were treated (20 in cohort A, 20 in cohort B, 6 in cohort C and 7 in placebo group). A total of 141 adverse events (AEs) were reported. Seventeen patients from the group A (85%), 15 from the group B (75%), 6 from the group C (100%) and 4 from the placebo group (57%) experienced at least one AE.Eight AEs from 6 patients were grade 3 in intensity (severe), 5 in cohort A (lacunar infarction, diarrhoea, tendon rupture, rheumatoid nodule and arthritis), 2 in cohort B (sciatica and RA) and 1 in the placebo group (asthenia). Only one of the grade 3 AEs was serious (the lacunar infarction). American College of Rheumatology 20 responses for cohorts A, B, C and placebo were 45%, 20%, 33% and 29%, respectively, at month 1, and 25%, 15%, 17% and 0%, respectively, at month 3. CONCLUSIONS The intravenous infusion of Cx611 was in general well tolerated, without evidence of dose-related toxicity at the dose range and time period studied. In addition, a trend for clinical efficacy was observed. These data, in our opinion, justify further investigation of this innovative therapy in patients with RA. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS EudraCT: 2010-021602-37; NCT01663116; Results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan A Jover
- Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luis Carreño
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Francisco Blanco
- INIBIC-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Victor M Martínez-Taboada
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Peter Taylor
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Federico Díaz-González
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain.,Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
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117
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Long-term survival of donor bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells implanted into the periosteum of patients with allogeneic graft failure. Int J Hematol 2016; 104:403-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-2014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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118
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Lohan P, Treacy O, Lynch K, Barry F, Murphy M, Griffin MD, Ritter T, Ryan AE. Culture expanded primary chondrocytes have potent immunomodulatory properties and do not induce an allogeneic immune response. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:521-33. [PMID: 26493330 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Allogeneic cell therapies, such as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), which have potent regenerative and anti-inflammatory potential are being investigated as a therapy for osteoarthritis (OA) and cartilage injury. Here we describe another potential source of regenerative and anti-inflammatory allogeneic cells, culture expanded primary chondrocytes (CEPC). In direct comparison to allogeneic MSC, we extensively assess the immunological interactions of CEPC in an allogeneic setting. METHODS Chondrocytes were isolated from rat articular cartilage and cultured in normoxic or hypoxic conditions. In vitro co-culture assays with allogeneic lymphocytes and macrophages were used to assess the immunomodulatory capacities of the chondrocytes, followed by immune response analysis by flow cytometry, ELISA and qPCR. RESULTS CEPC showed reduced induction of proliferation, activation and cytotoxic granzyme B expression in allogeneic T cells. Importantly, exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines did not increase CEPC immunogenicity despite increases in MHC-I. Furthermore, CEPC had a potent ability to suppress allogeneic T cell proliferation, which was dependent on nitric oxide production. This suppression was contact independent in hypoxia cultured CEPC. Finally, chondrocytes were shown to have the capacity to modulate pro-inflammatory macrophage activity by reducing MHC-II expression and TNF-α secretion. CONCLUSION These data indicate the potential use of allogeneic chondrocytes in OA and cartilage defects. The lack of evident immunogenicity, despite exposure to a pro-inflammatory environment, coupled with the immunomodulatory ability indicates that these cells have the potential to evade the host immune system and suppress inflammation, thus potentially facilitating the resolution of OA induced inflammation and cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lohan
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - O Treacy
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - K Lynch
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - F Barry
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - M Murphy
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - M D Griffin
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - T Ritter
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - A E Ryan
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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119
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Casiraghi F, Perico N, Cortinovis M, Remuzzi G. Mesenchymal stromal cells in renal transplantation: opportunities and challenges. Nat Rev Nephrol 2016; 12:241-53. [DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2016.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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120
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Consentius C, Reinke P, Volk HD. Immunogenicity of allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells: what has been seen in vitro and in vivo? Regen Med 2016; 10:305-15. [PMID: 25933239 DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are promising candidates for supporting regeneration and suppressing undesired immune reactivity. Although autologous MSC have been most commonly used for clinical trials, data on application of allogeneic MHC-unmatched MSC were reported. The usage of MSC as an 'off-the-shelf' product would have several advantages; however, it is an immunological challenge. The preclinical studies on the (non)immunogenicity of MSC are contradictory and, unfortunately, solid data from clinical trials are missing. Induction of an alloresponse would be a major limitation for the application of allogeneic MSC. Here we discuss the key elements for the induction of an alloresponse and targets of immunomodulation by MSC as well as preclinical and clinical hints on allo(non)response to MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Consentius
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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121
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L Ramos T, Sánchez-Abarca LI, Muntión S, Preciado S, Puig N, López-Ruano G, Hernández-Hernández Á, Redondo A, Ortega R, Rodríguez C, Sánchez-Guijo F, del Cañizo C. MSC surface markers (CD44, CD73, and CD90) can identify human MSC-derived extracellular vesicles by conventional flow cytometry. Cell Commun Signal 2016; 14:2. [PMID: 26754424 PMCID: PMC4709865 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-015-0124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) are multipotent cells with both regenerative and immunomodulatory activities making them an attractive tool for cellular therapy. In the last few years it has been shown that the beneficial effects of hMSC may be due to paracrine effects and, at least in part, mediated by extracellular vesicles (EV). EV have emerged as important mediators of cell-to-cell communication. Flow cytometry (FCM) is a routine technology used in most clinical laboratories and could be used as a methodology for hMSC-EV characterization. Although several reports have characterized EV by FCM, a specific panel and protocol for hMSC-derived EV is lacking. The main objective of our study was the characterization of hMSC-EV using a standard flow cytometer. METHODS Human MSC from bone marrow of healthy donors, mesenchymal cell lines (HS-5 and hTERT) and a leukemic cell line (K562 cells) were used to obtain EV for FCM characterization. EV released from the different cell lines were isolated by ultracentrifugation and were characterized, using a multi-parametric analysis, in a conventional flow cytometer. EV characterization by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), western blot (WB) and Nano-particle tracking analysis (NTA) was also performed. RESULTS EV membranes are constituted by the combination of specific cell surface molecules depending on their cell of origin, together with specific proteins like tetraspanins (e.g. CD63). We have characterized by FCM the EV released from BM-hMSC, that were defined as particles less than 0.9 μm, positive for the hMSC markers (CD90, CD44 and CD73) and negative for CD34 and CD45 (hematopoietic markers). In addition, hMSC-derived EV were also positive for CD63 and CD81, the two characteristic markers of EV. To validate our characterization strategy, EV from mesenchymal cell lines (hTERT/HS-5) were also studied, using the leukemia cell line (K562) as a negative control. EV released from mesenchymal cell lines displayed the same immunophenotypic profile as the EV from primary BM-hMSC, while the EV derived from K562 cells did not show hMSC markers. We further validated the panel using EV from hMSC transduced with GFP. Finally, EV derived from the different sources (hMSC, hTERT/HS-5 and K562) were also characterized by WB, TEM and NTA, demonstrating the expression by WB of the exosomal markers CD63 and CD81, as well as CD73 in those from MSC origin. EV morphology and size/concentration was confirmed by TEM and NTA, respectively. CONCLUSION We described a strategy that allows the identification and characterization by flow cytometry of hMSC-derived EV that can be routinely used in most laboratories with a standard flow cytometry facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa L Ramos
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, León, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Luis Ignacio Sánchez-Abarca
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, León, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Sandra Muntión
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, León, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Silvia Preciado
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, León, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Noemí Puig
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, León, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Guillermo López-Ruano
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain. .,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Ángel Hernández-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain. .,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Alba Redondo
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, León, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Rebeca Ortega
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Concepción Rodríguez
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, León, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Fermín Sánchez-Guijo
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, León, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Consuelo del Cañizo
- Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, León, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
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Kerkis I, Haddad MS, Valverde CW, Glosman S. Neural and mesenchymal stem cells in animal models of Huntington's disease: past experiences and future challenges. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:232. [PMID: 26667114 PMCID: PMC4678723 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited disease that causes progressive nerve cell degeneration. It is triggered by a mutation in the HTT gene that strongly influences functional abilities and usually results in movement, cognitive and psychiatric disorders. HD is incurable, although treatments are available to help manage symptoms and to delay the physical, mental and behavioral declines associated with the condition. Stem cells are the essential building blocks of life, and play a crucial role in the genesis and development of all higher organisms. Ablative surgical procedures and fetal tissue cell transplantation, which are still experimental, demonstrate low rates of recovery in HD patients. Due to neuronal cell death caused by accumulation of the mutated huntingtin (mHTT) protein, it is unlikely that such brain damage can be treated solely by drug-based therapies. Stem cell-based therapies are important in order to reconstruct damaged brain areas in HD patients. These therapies have a dual role: stem cell paracrine action, stimulating local cell survival, and brain tissue regeneration through the production of new neurons from the intrinsic and likely from donor stem cells. This review summarizes current knowledge on neural stem/progenitor cell and mesenchymal stem cell transplantation, which has been carried out in several animal models of HD, discussing cell distribution, survival and differentiation after transplantation, as well as functional recovery and anatomic improvements associated with these approaches. We also discuss the usefulness of this information for future preclinical and clinical studies in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kerkis
- Laboratório de Genética, Instituto Butantan, 1500 Av. Vital Brasil, São Paulo, 05503-900, Brazil.
| | - Monica Santoro Haddad
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 455 Av. Dr. Arnaldao, São Paulo, 01246903, Brazil
| | | | - Sabina Glosman
- SoluBest Ltd, Weizmann Science Park, POB 4053 18 Einstein Street, Ness Ziona, 74140, Israel
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123
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Sadeghi B, Heshmati Y, Khoein B, Kaipe H, Uzunel M, Walfridsson J, Ringdén O. Xeno-immunosuppressive properties of human decidual stromal cells in mouse models of alloreactivity in vitro and in vivo. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:1732-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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124
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The challenges and promises of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells for use as a cell-based therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:234. [PMID: 26620426 PMCID: PMC4665863 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are ideal for cell-based therapy in various inflammatory diseases because of their immunosuppressive and tissue repair properties. Moreover, their immunosuppressive properties and low immunogenicity contribute to a reduced or weakened immune response elicited by the implantation of allogeneic MSCs compared with other cell types. Therefore, implantation of allogeneic MSCs may be a promising cell-based therapy. In this review, we first summarize the unique advantages of allogeneic MSCs for therapeutic applications. Second, we critically analyze the factors influencing their therapeutic effects, including administration routes, detection time-points, disease models, differentiation of MSCs in vivo, and timing and dosage of MSC administration. Finally, current approaches to allogeneic MSC application are discussed. In conclusion, allogeneic MSCs are a promising option because of their low immunogenicity and immunosuppressive and tissue repair capabilities. Further investigations are needed to enhance the consistency and efficacy of MSCs when used as a cell-based therapy in inflammatory diseases as well as for tissue repair.
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Konala VBR, Mamidi MK, Bhonde R, Das AK, Pochampally R, Pal R. The current landscape of the mesenchymal stromal cell secretome: A new paradigm for cell-free regeneration. Cytotherapy 2015; 18:13-24. [PMID: 26631828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The unique properties of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) to self-renew and their multipotentiality have rendered them attractive to researchers and clinicians. In addition to the differentiation potential, the broad repertoire of secreted trophic factors (cytokines) exhibiting diverse functions such as immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory activity, angiogenesis and anti-apoptotic, commonly referred to as the MSC secretome, has gained immense attention in the past few years. There is enough evidence to show that the one important pathway by which MSCs participate in tissue repair and regeneration is through its secretome. Concurrently, a large body of MSC research has focused on characterization of the MSC secretome; this includes both soluble factors and factors released in extracellular vesicles, for example, exosomes and microvesicles. This review provides an overview of our current understanding of the MSC secretome with respect to their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Bhaskar Reddy Konala
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, AMET University, Kanathur, Chennai, India; Genes & Life Health Care Pvt. Ltd, Punjagutta, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Ramesh Bhonde
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, Bangalore, India
| | - Anjan Kumar Das
- Department of Surgery, Taylor's University School of Medicine, Sungai Buloh Hospital, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Radhika Pochampally
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Rajarshi Pal
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, Bangalore, India.
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126
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Reinders MEJ, Dreyer GJ, Bank JR, Roelofs H, Heidt S, Roelen DL, Zandvliet ML, Huurman VAL, Fibbe WE, van Kooten C, Claas FHJ, Rabelink TJ, de Fijter JW. Safety of allogeneic bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cell therapy in renal transplant recipients: the neptune study. J Transl Med 2015; 13:344. [PMID: 26537851 PMCID: PMC4632480 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0700-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) may serve as an attractive therapy in renal transplantation due to their immunosuppressive and reparative properties. While most studies have used autologous MSCs, allogeneic MSCs offer the advantage of immediate availability for clinical use. This is of major importance for indications where instant treatment is needed, for example allograft rejection or calcineurin inhibitor toxicity. Clinical studies using allogeneic MSCs are limited in number. Although these studies showed no adverse reactions, allogeneic MSCs could possibly elicit an anti-donor immune response, which may increase the incidence of rejection and impact the allograft survival in the long term. These safety issues should be addressed before further studies are planned with allogeneic MSCs in the solid organ transplant setting. Methods/design 10 renal allograft recipients, 18–75 years old, will be included in this clinical phase Ib, open label, single center study. Patients will receive two doses of 1.5 × 106 per/kg body weight allogeneic bone marrow derived MSCs intravenously, at 25 and 26 weeks after transplantation, when immune suppression levels are reduced. The primary end point of this study is safety by assessing biopsy proven acute rejection (BPAR)/graft loss after MSC treatment. Secondary end points, all measured before and after MSC infusions, include: comparison of fibrosis in renal biopsy by quantitative Sirius Red scoring; de novo HLA antibody development and extensive immune monitoring; renal function measured by cGFR and iohexol clearance; CMV and BK infection and other opportunistic infections. Discussion This study will provide information on the safety of allogeneic MSC infusion and its effect on the incidence of BPAR/graft loss. Trial registration: NCT02387151
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies E J Reinders
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Geertje J Dreyer
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Jonna R Bank
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Helene Roelofs
- Department of Immuno-Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Sebastiaan Heidt
- Department of Immuno-Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Dave L Roelen
- Department of Immuno-Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Maarten L Zandvliet
- Department of Clinical Parmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Volkert A L Huurman
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Wim E Fibbe
- Department of Immuno-Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Cees van Kooten
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Frans H J Claas
- Department of Immuno-Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Johan W de Fijter
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Sanz-Nogués C, O'Brien T. MSCs isolated from patients with ischemic vascular disease have normal angiogenic potential. Mol Ther 2015; 22:1888-9. [PMID: 25365987 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Sanz-Nogués
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Timothy O'Brien
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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128
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Akershoek JJ, Vlig M, Talhout W, Boekema BKHL, Richters CD, Beelen RHJ, Brouwer KM, Middelkoop E, Ulrich MMW. Cell therapy for full-thickness wounds: are fetal dermal cells a potential source? Cell Tissue Res 2015; 364:83-94. [PMID: 26453400 PMCID: PMC4819738 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The application of autologous dermal fibroblasts has been shown to improve burn wound healing. However, a major hurdle is the availability of sufficient healthy skin as a cell source. We investigated fetal dermal cells as an alternative source for cell-based therapy for skin regeneration. Human (hFF), porcine fetal (pFF) or autologous dermal fibroblasts (AF) were seeded in a collagen–elastin substitute (Novomaix, NVM), which was applied in combination with an autologous split thickness skin graft (STSG) to evaluate the effects of these cells on wound healing in a porcine excisional wound model. Transplantation of wounds with NVM+hFF showed an increased influx of inflammatory cells (e.g., neutrophils, macrophages, CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes) compared to STSG, acellular NVM (Acell-NVM) and NVM+AF at post-surgery days 7 and/or 14. Wounds treated with NVM+pFF presented only an increase in CD8+ lymphocyte influx. Furthermore, reduced alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) expression in wound areas and reduced contraction of the wounds was observed with NVM+AF compared to Acell-NVM. Xenogeneic transplantation of NVM+hFF increased αSMA expression in wounds compared to NVM+AF. An improved scar quality was observed for wounds treated with NVM+AF compared to Acell-NVM, NVM+hFF and NVM+pFF at day 56. In conclusion, application of autologous fibroblasts improved the overall outcome of wound healing in comparison to fetal dermal cells and Acell-NVM, whereas application of fetal dermal fibroblasts in NVM did not improve wound healing of full-thickness wounds in a porcine model. Although human fetal dermal cells demonstrated an increased immune response, this did not seem to affect scar quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Akershoek
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Research Institute MOVE, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Vlig
- Association of Dutch Burn Centres, Zeestraat 27-29, 1941 AJ, Beverwijk, The Netherlands
| | - W Talhout
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Research Institute MOVE, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B K H L Boekema
- Association of Dutch Burn Centres, Zeestraat 27-29, 1941 AJ, Beverwijk, The Netherlands
| | | | - R H J Beelen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K M Brouwer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Research Institute MOVE, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Middelkoop
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Research Institute MOVE, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Association of Dutch Burn Centres, Zeestraat 27-29, 1941 AJ, Beverwijk, The Netherlands
| | - M M W Ulrich
- Association of Dutch Burn Centres, Zeestraat 27-29, 1941 AJ, Beverwijk, The Netherlands. .,Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Amato B, Compagna R, Amato M, Butrico L, Fugetto F, Chibireva MD, Barbetta A, Cannistrà M, de Franciscis S, Serra R. The role of adult tissue-derived stem cells in chronic leg ulcers: a systematic review focused on tissue regeneration medicine. Int Wound J 2015; 13:1289-1298. [PMID: 26399452 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is an articulated process that can be impaired in different steps in chronic wounds. Chronic leg ulcers are a special type of non-healing wounds that represent an important cause of morbidity and public cost in western countries. Because of their common recurrence after conventional managements and increasing prevalence due to an ageing population, newer approaches are needed. Over the last decade, the research has been focused on innovative treatment strategies, including stem-cell-based therapies. After the initial interest in embryonic pluripotent cells, several different types of adult stem cells have been studied because of ethical issues. Specific types of adult stem cells have shown a high potentiality in tissue healing, in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Aim of this review is to clearly report the newest insights on tissue regeneration medicine, with particular regard for chronic leg ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Amato
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL). International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Headquarters, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Compagna
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL). International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Headquarters, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Amato
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Butrico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Fugetto
- School of Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Mariia D Chibireva
- School of Medicine, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Tatarstan Republic, Russian Federation
| | - Andrea Barbetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marco Cannistrà
- Department of Surgery, Annunziata Hospital of Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Stefano de Franciscis
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL). International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Headquarters, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Raffaele Serra
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL). International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Headquarters, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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130
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Kim DH, Lee D, Chang EH, Kim JH, Hwang JW, Kim JY, Kyung JW, Kim SH, Oh JS, Shim SM, Na DL, Oh W, Chang JW. GDF-15 secreted from human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells delivered through the cerebrospinal fluid promotes hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic activity in an Alzheimer's disease model. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2378-90. [PMID: 26154268 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that transplantation of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) into the hippocampus of a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) reduced amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and enhanced cognitive function through paracrine action. Due to the limited life span of hUCB-MSCs after their transplantation, the extension of hUCB-MSC efficacy was essential for AD treatment. In this study, we show that repeated cisterna magna injections of hUCB-MSCs activated endogenous hippocampal neurogenesis and significantly reduced Aβ42 levels. To identify the paracrine factors released from the hUCB-MSCs that stimulated endogenous hippocampal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, we cocultured adult mouse neural stem cells (NSCs) with hUCB-MSCs and analyzed the cocultured media with cytokine arrays. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) levels were significantly increased in the media. GDF-15 suppression in hUCB-MSCs with GDF-15 small interfering RNA reduced the proliferation of NSCs in cocultures. Conversely, recombinant GDF-15 treatment in both in vitro and in vivo enhanced hippocampal NSC proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Repeated administration of hUBC-MSCs markedly promoted the expression of synaptic vesicle markers, including synaptophysin, which are downregulated in patients with AD. In addition, in vitro synaptic activity through GDF-15 was promoted. Taken together, these results indicated that repeated cisterna magna administration of hUCB-MSCs enhanced endogenous adult hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic activity through a paracrine factor of GDF-15, suggesting a possible role of hUCB-MSCs in future treatment strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Kim
- 1 Biomedical Research Institute , MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea.,2 Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahm Lee
- 1 Biomedical Research Institute , MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hyuk Chang
- 3 Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology , Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea.,4 Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- 1 Biomedical Research Institute , MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea.,4 Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Won Hwang
- 4 Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,5 Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Kim
- 1 Biomedical Research Institute , MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Kyung
- 6 Department of Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Kim
- 6 Department of Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Su Oh
- 2 Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Mi Shim
- 7 Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk Lyul Na
- 4 Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonil Oh
- 1 Biomedical Research Institute , MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wook Chang
- 5 Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,8 Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Center (SCRMC), Research Institute for Future Medicine , Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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131
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Heldring N, Mäger I, Wood MJA, Le Blanc K, Andaloussi SEL. Therapeutic Potential of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles. Hum Gene Ther 2015; 26:506-17. [PMID: 26153722 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2015.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is evident by the number of new and ongoing trials targeting an impressive variety of conditions. In bone and cartilage repair, MSCs are expected to replace the damaged tissue, while in other therapies they modulate a therapeutic response by the secretion of bioactive molecules. MSCs possess a phenotypic plasticity and harbor an arsenal of bioactive molecules that can be released upon sensing signals in the local milieu either directly or packaged in extracellular vesicles (EVs). The reported paracrine effects comprise many of the important functions of MSCs, including supporting hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow, promoting angiogenesis, and modulating the immune system. The major drawback in MSC therapy is the incomplete understanding of cell fate following systemic administration as well as the mechanisms by which these cells correct disease. In this review we discuss what is known about MSC engraftment, hemocompatibility, and immunomodulation, as well as the potential of bringing the MSC-EV field toward a clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Heldring
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Imre Mäger
- 2 Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,3 Institute of Technology, University of Tartu , Tartu, Estonia
| | - Matthew J A Wood
- 2 Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katarina Le Blanc
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Samir E L Andaloussi
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,2 Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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132
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhao B, Fan L, Bai X, Yang L, Chang P, Hu D, Liu X. Allogeneic Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Protect Fat Grafts at the Early Stage and Improve Long-Term Retention in Immunocompetent Rats. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2015; 39:625-34. [PMID: 26044393 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-015-0505-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syngeneic adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) promote the survival of fat grafts. But it is unclear whether allogeneic ASCs have a similar protective effect. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of allogeneic ASCs in a fat graft model of immunocompetent rats. METHODS Syngeneic and allogeneic ASCs were derived from Lewis (LEW) and Norway-Brown rats, respectively. Fifty-four LEW rats were divided into three groups. Each LEW rat was injected subcutaneously at two paravertebral spots with adipose granules premixed with DMEM (AFT group), syngeneic ASCs (SYNG group), or allogeneic ASCs (ALLG group). Fat grafts were harvested at 7 and 14 days to examine apoptosis rates and immunochemistry staining was performed for Perilipin A and CD34. At 3 months, fat graft volume retentions were measured. The proportion of regulatory T (Treg) cells and the ratio of CD4/CD8 cells in blood were analyzed at 7 days. RESULTS Expression of Perilipin A and CD34 was higher in the ALLG group than the AFT group at 14 days (P < 0.05). The apoptosis rate in the ALLG group decreased in comparison with the AFT group at 7 and 14 days (P < 0.05). At 3 months, allogeneic ASCs increased fat graft volume retentions (P < 0.05). No difference was found in the proportion of Treg cells and CD4/CD8 cells ratio between groups. There were no statistically significant difference between ALLG and SYNG groups at all time points (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Allogeneic ASCs protected fat grafts at the early stage and improved long-term volume retention in the fat graft model of immunocompetent rats with no or little obvious immune rejection.
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133
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Fujita Y, Kosaka N, Araya J, Kuwano K, Ochiya T. Extracellular vesicles in lung microenvironment and pathogenesis. Trends Mol Med 2015; 21:533-42. [PMID: 26231094 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increasing attention is being paid to the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in various lung diseases. EVs are released by a variety of cells, including respiratory cells and immune cells, and they encapsulate various molecules, such as proteins and microRNAs, as modulators of intercellular communication. Cancer cell-derived EVs play crucial roles in promoting tumor progression and modifying their microenvironment. By contrast, noncancerous cell-derived EVs demonstrate protective functions against injury, such as tissue recovery and repair, to maintain physiological homeostasis. Airway cells in contact with harmful substances may alter their EV composition and modify the balanced reciprocal interactions with surrounding mesenchymal cells. We summarize the novel findings of EV function in various lung diseases, primarily chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fujita
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-19-18, Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan; Department of Pathology and Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nobuyoshi Kosaka
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, The Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Jun Araya
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-19-18, Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kuwano
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-19-18, Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
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134
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Kuzmina LA, Petinati NA, Shipounova IN, Sats NV, Bigildeev AE, Zezina EA, Popova MD, Drize NJ, Parovichnikova EN, Savchenko VG. Analysis of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells used for acute graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis. Eur J Haematol 2015; 96:425-34. [PMID: 26115424 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are used for prophylaxis of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Not all samples of MSC are efficient for aGvHD prevention. The suitability of MSCs for aGvHD prophylaxis was studied. METHODS MSCs were derived from the bone marrow (BM) of HCT donor and cultivated for no more than three passages. The characteristics of donor BM samples including colony-forming unit fibroblast (CFU-F) concentration, growth parameters of MSCs, and the relative expression levels (REL) of different genes were analyzed. MSCs were injected intravenously precisely at the moment of blood cell reconstitution. RESULTS MSCs infusion induced a significant threefold decrease in aGvHD development and improved overall survival compared with the standard prophylaxis group. In ineffective MSC samples (9.4%), a significant decrease in total cell production and the REL of CSF1, FGFR1, and PDGFRB was observed. In all studied BM samples, the cumulative MSC production and CFU-F concentrations decreased with age. The expression levels of FGFR2, PPARG, and VEGF differed by age. CONCLUSIONS A universal single indicator for the prediction of MSC eligibility for aGvHD prophylaxis was not identified. A multiparameter mathematical model for selecting MSC samples effective for the prevention of aGvHD was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa A Kuzmina
- Federal Government Budget Institution National Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya A Petinati
- Federal Government Budget Institution National Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina N Shipounova
- Federal Government Budget Institution National Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V Sats
- Federal Government Budget Institution National Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey E Bigildeev
- Federal Government Budget Institution National Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Zezina
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria D Popova
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nina J Drize
- Federal Government Budget Institution National Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena N Parovichnikova
- Federal Government Budget Institution National Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valery G Savchenko
- Federal Government Budget Institution National Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
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135
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Safety and Efficacy Endpoints for Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy in Renal Transplant Recipients. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:391797. [PMID: 26258149 PMCID: PMC4518147 DOI: 10.1155/2015/391797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite excellent short-term graft survival after renal transplantation, the long-term graft outcome remains compromised. It has become evident that a combination of sustained alloreactivity and calcineurin-inhibitor- (CNI-) related nephrotoxicity results in fibrosis and consequently dysfunction of the graft. New immunosuppressive regimens that can minimize or eliminate side effects, while maintaining efficacy, are required to improve long-term graft survival. In this perspective mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are an interesting candidate, since MSCs have immunosuppressive and regenerative properties. The first clinical trials with MSCs in renal transplantation showed safety and feasibility and displayed promising results. Recently, the first phase II studies have been started. One of the most difficult and challenging aspects in those early phase trials is to define accurate endpoints that can measure safety and efficacy of MSC treatment. Since both graft losses and acute rejection rates declined, alternative surrogate markers such as renal function, histological findings, and immunological markers are used to measure efficacy and to provide mechanistic insight. In this review, we will discuss the current status of MSCs in renal transplantation with a focus on the endpoints used in the different experimental and clinical studies.
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Myocardial regeneration strategy using Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells as an off-the-shelf 'unlimited' therapeutic agent: results from the Acute Myocardial Infarction First-in-Man Study. ADVANCES IN INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY 2015; 11:100-7. [PMID: 26161101 PMCID: PMC4495125 DOI: 10.5114/pwki.2015.52282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In large-animal acute myocardial infarction (AMI) models, Wharton's jelly (umbilical cord matrix) mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) effectively promote angiogenesis and drive functional myocardial regeneration. Human data are lacking. AIM To evaluate the feasibility and safety of a novel myocardial regeneration strategy using human WJMSCs as a unique, allogenic but immuno-privileged, off-the-shelf cellular therapeutic agent. MATERIAL AND METHODS The inclusion criterion was first, large (LVEF ≤ 45%, CK-MB > 100 U/l) AMI with successful infarct-related artery primary percutaneous coronary intervention reperfusion (TIMI ≥ 2). Ten consecutive patients (age 32-65 years, peak hs-troponin T 17.3 ±9.1 ng/ml and peak CK-MB 533 ±89 U/l, sustained echo LVEF reduction to 37.6 ±2.6%, cMRI LVEF 40.3 ±2.7% and infarct size 20.1 ±2.8%) were enrolled. RESULTS 30 × 10(6) WJMSCs were administered (LAD/Cx/RCA in 6/3/1) per protocol at ≈ 5-7 days using a cell delivery-dedicated, coronary-non-occlusive method. No clinical symptoms or ECG signs of myocardial ischemia occurred. There was no epicardial flow or myocardial perfusion impairment (TIMI-3 in all; cTFC 45 ±8 vs. 44 ±9, p = 0.51), and no patient showed hs-troponin T elevation (0.92 ±0.29 ≤ 24 h before vs. 0.89 ±0.28 ≤ 24 h after; decrease, p = 0.04). One subject experienced, 2 days after cell transfer, a transient temperature rise (38.9°C); this was reactive to paracetamol with no sequel. No other adverse events and no significant arrhythmias (ECG Holter) occurred. Up to 12 months there was one new, non-index territory lethal AMI but no adverse events that might be attributable to WJMSC treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the feasibility and procedural safety of WJMSC use as off-the-shelf cellular therapy in human AMI and suggested further clinical safety of WJMSC cardiac transfer, providing a basis for randomized placebo-controlled endpoint-powered evaluation.
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137
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Sats NV, Shipunova IN, Bigil'diev AE, Kostyushev DS, Drize NI. Peculiarities of Gene Transfer into Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Bull Exp Biol Med 2015; 159:134-7. [PMID: 26033603 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-015-2908-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Murine mesenchymal stem cells in long-term bone marrow culture were genetically labeled using lentiviral vector carrying enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) reporter gene under SFFV promoter or without it. We studied the developmental fate of labeled mesenchymal stem cells in stromal cell layers of long-term bone marrow culture and in ectopic hemopoietic foci formed by these stromal layers under the renal capsule of syngeneic mice. The frequency of labeled polypotent stromal precursors (fibroblast CFU) was analyzed in adherent cell layers of long-term culture and ectopic foci formed from them. The proportion of labeled fibroblast CFU in ectopic foci increased by 10 times in case of implantation of adherent cell layers infected with lentivirus containing eGFP reporter gene without promoter. eGFP expression leads to rejection of labeled stromal cells. Labeling with eGFP-carrying vector without promoter makes possible long-term tracking of mesenchymal stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Sats
- Hematological Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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138
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Aizman I, Vinodkumar D, McGrogan M, Bates D. Cell Injury-Induced Release of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2: Relevance to Intracerebral Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Transplantations. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1623-34. [PMID: 25873141 PMCID: PMC4499789 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Beneficial effects of intracerebral transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and their derivatives are believed to be mediated mostly by factors produced by engrafted cells. However, the mesenchymal cell engraftment rate is low, and the majority of grafted cells disappear within a short post-transplantation period. Here, we hypothesize that dying transplanted cells can affect surrounding tissues by releasing their active intracellular components. To elucidate the type, amounts, and potency of these putative intracellular factors, freeze/thaw extracts of MSC or their derivatives were tested in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and bioassays. We found that fibroblast growth factor (FGF)2 and FGF1, but not vascular endothelial growth factor and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 levels were high in extracts despite being low in conditioned media. Extracts induced concentration-dependent proliferation of rat cortical neural progenitor cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells; these proliferative responses were specifically blocked by FGF2-neutralizing antibody. In the neuropoiesis assay with rat cortical cells, both MSC extracts and killed cells induced expression of nestin, but not astrocyte differentiation. However, suspensions of killed cells strongly potentiated the astrogenic effects of live MSC. In transplantation-relevant MSC injury models (peripheral blood cell-mediated cytotoxicity and high cell density plating), MSC death coincided with the release of intracellular FGF2. The data showed that MSC contain a major depot of active FGF2 that is released upon cell injury and is capable of acutely stimulating neuropoiesis and angiogenesis. We therefore propose that both dying and surviving grafted MSC contribute to tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Aizman
- 1 Department of Research, SanBio, Inc. , Mountain View, California
| | | | - Michael McGrogan
- 2 Department of Production Development, SanBio, Inc. , Mountain View, California
| | - Damien Bates
- 1 Department of Research, SanBio, Inc. , Mountain View, California
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139
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Pezzanite LM, Fortier LA, Antczak DF, Cassano JM, Brosnahan MM, Miller D, Schnabel LV. Equine allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells elicit antibody responses in vivo. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:54. [PMID: 25889095 PMCID: PMC4414005 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study tested the hypothesis that Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) incompatible equine mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) would induce cytotoxic antibodies to donor MHC antigens in recipient horses after intradermal injection. No studies to date have explored recipient antibody responses to allogeneic donor MSC transplantation in the horse. This information is critical because the horse is a valuable species for assessing the safety and efficacy of MSC treatment prior to human clinical application. Methods Six MHC heterozygote horses were identified as non-ELA-A2 haplotype by microsatellite typing and used as allogeneic MHC-mismatched MSC recipients. MHC homozygote horses of known ELA-A2 haplotype were used as MSC and peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) donors. One MHC homozygote horse of the ELA-A2 haplotype was the recipient of ELA-A2 donor MSCs as an MHC-matched control. Donor MSCs, which were previously isolated and immunophenotyped, were thawed and culture expanded to achieve between 30x106 and 50x106 cells for intradermal injection into the recipient’s neck. Recipient serum was collected and tested for the presence of anti-donor antibodies prior to MSC injection and every 7 days after MSC injection for the duration of the 8-week study using the standard two-stage lymphocyte microcytotoxicity dye-exclusion test. In addition to anti-ELA-A2 antibodies, recipient serum was examined for the presence of cross-reactive antibodies including anti-ELA-A3 and anti-RBC antibodies. Results All MHC-mismatched recipient horses produced anti-ELA-A2 antibodies following injection of ELA-A2 MSCs and developed a wheal at the injection site that persisted for the duration of the experiment. Anti-ELA-A2 antibody responses were varied both in terms of strength and timing. Four recipient horses had high-titered anti-ELA-A2 antibody responses resulting in greater than 80% donor PBL death in the microcytotoxicity assays and one of these horses also developed antibodies that cross-reacted when tested on lymphocyte targets from a horse with an unrelated MHC type. Conclusions Allogeneic MSCs are capable of eliciting antibody responses in vivo that can be strong and also cross-reactive with MHC types other than that of the donor. Such responses could limit the effectiveness of repeated allogeneic MSC use in a single horse, and could also result in untoward inflammatory responses in recipients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0053-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M Pezzanite
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Lisa A Fortier
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Douglas F Antczak
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Jennifer M Cassano
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | | | - Donald Miller
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Lauren V Schnabel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
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140
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New Steps in the Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cell in Solid Organ Transplantation. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40472-015-0053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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141
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Rani S, Ryan AE, Griffin MD, Ritter T. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles: Toward Cell-free Therapeutic Applications. Mol Ther 2015; 23:812-823. [PMID: 25868399 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 794] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with the ability to differentiate into several cell types, thus serving as a cell reservoir for regenerative medicine. Much of the current interest in therapeutic application of MSCs to various disease settings can be linked to their immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties. One of the key mechanisms of MSC anti-inflammatory effects is the secretion of soluble factors with paracrine actions. Recently it has emerged that the paracrine functions of MSCs could, at least in part, be mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are predominantly released from the endosomal compartment and contain a cargo that includes miRNA, mRNA, and proteins from their cells of origin. Recent animal model-based studies suggest that EVs have significant potential as a novel alternative to whole cell therapies. Compared to their parent cells, EVs may have a superior safety profile and can be safely stored without losing function. In this article, we review current knowledge related to the potential use of MSC-derived EVs in various diseases and discuss the promising future for EVs as an alternative, cell-free therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Rani
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Aideen E Ryan
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Matthew D Griffin
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Thomas Ritter
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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142
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Yu H, Fischer G, Ebert AD, Wu HE, Bai X, Hogan QH. Analgesia for neuropathic pain by dorsal root ganglion transplantation of genetically engineered mesenchymal stem cells: initial results. Mol Pain 2015; 11:5. [PMID: 25888914 PMCID: PMC4331376 DOI: 10.1186/s12990-015-0002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cell-based therapy may hold promise for treatment of chronic pain. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are readily available and robust, and their secretion of therapeutic peptides can be enhanced by genetically engineering. We explored the analgesic potential of transplanting bone marrow-derived MSCs that have been transduced with lentivectors. To optimize efficacy and safety, primary sensory neurons were targeted by MSC injection into the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). Results MSCs were transduced using lentivectors to express enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or to co-express the analgesic peptide glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and EGFP by a viral 2A bicistronic transgene cassette. Engineered MSCs were injected into the 4th lumbar (L4) and L5 DRGs of adult allogeneic rats to evaluate survival in the DRGs. MSCs were detected by immunofluorescence staining up to 2–3 weeks after injection, distributed in the extracellular matrix space without disrupting satellite glial cell apposition to sensory neurons, suggesting well-tolerated integration of engrafted MSCs into DRG tissue. To examine their potential for inhibiting development of neuropathic pain, MSCs were injected into the L4 and L5 DRGs ipsilateral to a spinal nerve ligation injury. Animals injected with GDNF-engineered MSCs showed moderate but significant reduction in mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia compared to controls implanted with MSCs expressing EGFP alone. We also observed diminished long-term survival of allografted MSCs at 3 weeks, and the development of a highly-proliferating population of MSCs in 12% of DRGs after transplantation. Conclusions These data indicate that genetically modified MSCs secreting analgesic peptides could potentially be developed as a novel DRG-targeted cell therapy for treating neuropathic pain. However, further work is needed to address the challenges of MSC survival and excess proliferation, possibly with trials of autologous MSCs, evaluation of clonally selected populations of MSCs, and investigation of regulation of MSC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Gregory Fischer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Allison D Ebert
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Hsiang-En Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Xiaowen Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Quinn H Hogan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA. .,Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 5000 W National Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA.
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143
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Coatti GC, Beccari MS, Olávio TR, Mitne-Neto M, Okamoto OK, Zatz M. Stem cells for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis modeling and therapy: Myth or fact? Cytometry A 2015; 87:197-211. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. C. Coatti
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center; Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP); São Paulo Brazil
| | - M. S. Beccari
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center; Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP); São Paulo Brazil
| | - T. R. Olávio
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center; Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP); São Paulo Brazil
| | - M. Mitne-Neto
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center; Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP); São Paulo Brazil
- Fleury Group (Research and Development Department); São Paulo Brazil
| | - O. K. Okamoto
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center; Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP); São Paulo Brazil
| | - M. Zatz
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center; Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP); São Paulo Brazil
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144
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Cassano JM, Schnabel LV, Betancourt AM, Antczak DF, Fortier LA. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy: Clinical Progress and Opportunities for Advancement. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-015-0064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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145
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Saether EE, Chamberlain CS, Leiferman EM, Kondratko-Mittnacht JR, Li WJ, Brickson SL, Vanderby R. Enhanced medial collateral ligament healing using mesenchymal stem cells: dosage effects on cellular response and cytokine profile. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2015; 10:86-96. [PMID: 24174129 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-013-9479-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have potential therapeutic applications for musculoskeletal injuries due to their ability to differentiate into several tissue cell types and modulate immune and inflammatory responses. These immune-modulatory properties were examined in vivo during early stage rat medial collateral ligament healing. Two different cell doses (low dose 1 × 10(6) or high dose 4 × 10(6) MSCs) were administered at the time of injury and compared with normal ligament healing at days 5 and 14 post-injury. At both times, the high dose MSC group demonstrated a significant decrease in M2 macrophages compared to controls. At day 14, fewer M1 macrophages were detected in the low dose group compared to the high dose group. These results, along with significant changes in procollagen I, proliferating cells, and endothelialization suggest that MSCs can alter the cellular response during healing in a dose-dependent manner. The higher dose ligaments also had increased expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines at day 5 (IL-1β, IFNγ, IL-2) and increased expression of IL-12 at day 14. Mechanical testing at day 14 revealed increased failure strength and stiffness in low dose ligaments compared to controls. Based on these improved mechanical properties, MSCs enhanced functional healing when applied at a lower dose. Different doses of MSCs uniquely affected the cellular response and cytokine expression in healing ligaments. Interestingly, the lower dose of cells proved to be most effective in improving functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Saether
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave., 5th Floor WIMR, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
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146
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Sivanathan KN, Gronthos S, Rojas-Canales D, Thierry B, Coates PT. Interferon-gamma modification of mesenchymal stem cells: implications of autologous and allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell therapy in allotransplantation. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 10:351-75. [PMID: 24510581 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have unique immunomodulatory and reparative properties beneficial for allotransplantation cellular therapy. The clinical administration of autologous or allogeneic MSC with immunosuppressive drugs is able to prevent and treat allograft rejection in kidney transplant recipients, thus supporting the immunomodulatory role of MSC. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is known to enhance the immunosuppressive properties of MSC. IFN-γ preactivated MSC (MSC-γ) directly or indirectly modulates T cell responses by enhancing or inducing MSC inhibitory factors. These factors are known to downregulate T cell activation, enhance T cell negative signalling, alter T cells from a proinflammatory to an anti-inflammatory phenotype, interact with antigen-presenting cells and increase or induce regulatory cells. Highly immunosuppressive MSC-γ with increased migratory and reparative capacities may aid tissue repair, prolong allograft survival and induce allotransplant tolerance in experimental models. Nevertheless, there are contradictory in vivo observations related to allogeneic MSC-γ therapy. Many studies report that allogeneic MSC are immunogenic due to their inherent expression of major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules. Enhanced expression of MHC in allogeneic MSC-γ may increase their immunogenicity and this can negatively impact allograft survival. Therefore, strategies to reduce MSC-γ immunogenicity would facilitate "off-the-shelf" MSC therapy to efficiently inhibit alloimmune rejection and promote tissue repair in allotransplantation. In this review, we examine the potential benefits of MSC therapy in the context of allotransplantation. We also discuss the use of autologous and allogeneic MSC and the issues associated with their immunogenicity in vivo, with particular focus on the use of enhanced MSC-γ cellular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisha Nandini Sivanathan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, South Australia, Australia,
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147
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Rodeo SA, Sugiguchi F, Fortier LA, Cunningham ME, Maher S. What's new in orthopaedic research. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2014; 96:2015-9. [PMID: 25471917 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.n.01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Rodeo
- The Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021
| | - Fumitaka Sugiguchi
- The Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021
| | - Lisa A Fortier
- Cornell University of Veterinary Medicine, 930 Campus Road, Room C3-181, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | | | - Suzanne Maher
- The Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021
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148
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Osteo-/Odontogenic Differentiation of Induced Mesenchymal Stem Cells Generated through Epithelial–Mesenchyme Transition of Cultured Human Keratinocytes. J Endod 2014; 40:1796-801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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149
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Paradoxical effects of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells on progression of experimental arthritis in SKG mice. Cell Immunol 2014; 292:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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150
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Treacy O, O'Flynn L, Ryan AE, Morcos M, Lohan P, Schu S, Wilk M, Fahy G, Griffin MD, Nosov M, Ritter T. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy promotes corneal allograft survival in rats by local and systemic immunomodulation. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:2023-36. [PMID: 25307035 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being investigated extensively due to their ability to dampen immune responses. Here, we tested the ability of MSCs from three distinct sources to prolong rat corneal allograft survival. A fully allogeneic rat cornea transplant model (DA to LEW) was used. Recipient rats received 1 × 10(6) MSCs (syn [LEW], allo [DA] or third-party [Wistar Furth]) intravenously 7 days before transplantation and again on the day of transplantation (day 0). A high percentage of untreated and syn-MSC treated allografts were rejected (80% and 100%, respectively). Preactivation of syn-MSCs with interferon gamma also failed to prolong allograft survival. Conversely, corneal allograft survival was significantly prolonged in allo-MSC treated (90%) and third-party MSC treated (80%) allograft recipients. Flow cytometric analysis revealed less infiltrating natural killer T cells in corneas of both allo- and third-party MSC treated animals, coupled with a higher proportion of splenic CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, compared to controls. In the case of allo- and third-party MSCs, results from a delayed-type hypersensitivity assay clearly showed that hypo-responsiveness was specific for corneal donor-associated allo-antigens. Thus, allo- and third-party MSC treatment prolongs corneal allograft survival by suppressing peripheral immune responses and promoting an intragraft immunoregulatory milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Treacy
- College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Regenerative Medicine Institute, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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