101
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Leone L, Chino M, Nastri F, Maglio O, Pavone V, Lombardi A. Mimochrome, a metalloporphyrin‐based catalytic Swiss knife†. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 67:495-515. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Leone
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Napoli “Federico II” Napoli Italy
| | - Marco Chino
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Napoli “Federico II” Napoli Italy
| | - Flavia Nastri
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Napoli “Federico II” Napoli Italy
| | - Ornella Maglio
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Napoli “Federico II” Napoli Italy
- IBB ‐ National Research Council Napoli Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pavone
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Napoli “Federico II” Napoli Italy
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Napoli “Federico II” Napoli Italy
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102
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Pineda-Knauseder AJ, Vargas DA, Fasan R. Organic solvent stability and long-term storage of myoglobin-based carbene transfer biocatalysts. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 67:516-526. [PMID: 32542734 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a rapid increase in the application of enzymes for chemical synthesis and manufacturing, including the industrial-scale synthesis of pharmaceuticals using multienzyme processes. From an operational standpoint, these bioprocesses often require robust biocatalysts capable of tolerating high concentrations of organic solvents and possessing long shelflife stability. In this work, we investigated the activity and stability of myoglobin (Mb)-based carbene transfer biocatalysts in the presence of organic solvents and after lyophilization. Our studies demonstrate that Mb-based cyclopropanases possess remarkable organic solvent stability, maintaining high levels of activity and stereoselectivity in the presence of up to 30%-50% (v/v) concentrations of various organic solvents, including ethanol, methanol, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, and dimethyl sulfoxide. Furthermore, they tolerate long-term storage in lyophilized form, both as purified protein and as whole cells, without significant loss in activity and stereoselectivity. These stability properties are shared by Mb-based carbene transferases optimized for other type of asymmetric carbene transfer reactions. Finally, we report on simple protocols for catalyst recycling as whole-cell system and for obviating the need for strictly anaerobic conditions to perform these transformations. These findings demonstrate the robustness of Mb-based carbene transferases under operationally relevant conditions and should help guide the application of these biocatalysts for synthetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David A Vargas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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103
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Stroscio GD, Srnec M, Hadt RG. Multireference Ground and Excited State Electronic Structures of Free- versus Iron Porphyrin-Carbenes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:8707-8715. [PMID: 32510941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Iron porphyrin carbenes (IPCs) are important reaction intermediates in engineered carbene transferase enzymes and homogeneous catalysis. However, discrepancies between theory and experiment complicate the understanding of IPC electronic structure. In the literature, this has been framed as whether the ground state is an open- vs closed-shell singlet (OSS vs CSS). Here we investigate the structurally dependent ground and excited spin-state energetics of a free carbene and its IPC analogs with variable trans axial ligands. In particular, for IPCs, multireference ab initio wave function methods are more consistent with experiment and predict a mixed singlet ground state that is dominated by the CSS (Fe(II) ← {:C(X)Y}0) configuration (i.e., electrophilic carbene) but that also has a small, non-negligible contribution from an Fe(III)-{C(X)Y}-• configuration (hole in d(xz), i.e., radical carbene). In the multireference approach, the "OSS-like" excited states are metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) in nature and are energetically well above the CSS-dominated ground state. The first, lowest energy of these "OSS-like" excited states is predicted to be heavily weighted toward the Fe(III)-{C(X)Y}-• (hole in d(yz)) configuration. As expected from exchange considerations, this state falls energetically above a triplet of the same configuration. Furthermore, potential energy surfaces (PESs) along the IPC Fe-C(carbene) bond elongation exhibit increasingly strong mixings between CSS/OSS characters, with the Fe(III)-{C(X)Y}-• configuration (hole in d(xz)) growing in weight in the ground state during bond elongation. The relative degree of electrophilic/radical carbene character along this structurally relevant PES can potentially play a role in reactivity and selectivity patterns in catalysis. Future studies on IPC reaction coordinates should evaluate contributions from ground and excited state multireference character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam D Stroscio
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Martin Srnec
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 8, 18223 Czech Republic
| | - Ryan G Hadt
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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104
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Himiyama T, Okamoto Y. Artificial Metalloenzymes: From Selective Chemical Transformations to Biochemical Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25132989. [PMID: 32629938 PMCID: PMC7411666 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25132989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) comprise a synthetic metal complex in a protein scaffold. ArMs display performances combining those of both homogeneous catalysts and biocatalysts. Specifically, ArMs selectively catalyze non-natural reactions and reactions inspired by nature in water under mild conditions. In the past few years, the construction of ArMs that possess a genetically incorporated unnatural amino acid and the directed evolution of ArMs have become of great interest in the field. Additionally, biochemical applications of ArMs have steadily increased, owing to the fact that compartmentalization within a protein scaffold allows the synthetic metal complex to remain functional in a sea of inactivating biomolecules. In this review, we present updates on: 1) the newly reported ArMs, according to their type of reaction, and 2) the unique biochemical applications of ArMs, including chemoenzymatic cascades and intracellular/in vivo catalysis. We believe that ArMs have great potential as catalysts for organic synthesis and as chemical biology tools for pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Himiyama
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan;
- DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Yasunori Okamoto
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-22-795-5264
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105
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Stenner R, Anderson JLR. Chemoselective N−H insertion catalyzed by ade novocarbene transferase. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 67:527-535. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Stenner
- School of Biochemistry University of Bristol Bristol UK
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - John Leslie Ross Anderson
- School of Biochemistry University of Bristol Bristol UK
- BrisSynBio Synthetic Biology Research Centre University of Bristol Bristol UK
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106
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Nieto-Domínguez M, Nikel PI. Intersecting Xenobiology and Neometabolism To Bring Novel Chemistries to Life. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2551-2571. [PMID: 32274875 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of life relies on a handful of chemical elements (carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus) as part of essential building blocks; some other atoms are needed to a lesser extent, but most of the remaining elements are excluded from biology. This circumstance limits the scope of biochemical reactions in extant metabolism - yet it offers a phenomenal playground for synthetic biology. Xenobiology aims to bring novel bricks to life that could be exploited for (xeno)metabolite synthesis. In particular, the assembly of novel pathways engineered to handle nonbiological elements (neometabolism) will broaden chemical space beyond the reach of natural evolution. In this review, xeno-elements that could be blended into nature's biosynthetic portfolio are discussed together with their physicochemical properties and tools and strategies to incorporate them into biochemistry. We argue that current bioproduction methods can be revolutionized by bridging xenobiology and neometabolism for the synthesis of new-to-nature molecules, such as organohalides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nieto-Domínguez
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pablo I Nikel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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107
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Vornholt T, Jeschek M. The Quest for Xenobiotic Enzymes: From New Enzymes for Chemistry to a Novel Chemistry of Life. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2241-2249. [PMID: 32294286 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme engineering has made impressive progress in the past decades, paving the way for the widespread use of enzymes for various purposes. In contrast to "classical" enzyme engineering, which focuses on optimizing specific properties of natural enzymes, a more recent trend towards the creation of artificial enzymes that catalyze fundamentally distinct, new-to-nature reactions is observable. While approaches for creating such enzymes differ significantly, they share the common goal of enabling biocatalytic novelty to broaden the range of applications for enzymes. Although most artificial enzymes reported to date are only moderately active and barely function in vivo, they have the potential to endow cells with capabilities that were previously out of reach and thus herald a new wave of "functional xenobiology". Herein, we highlight recent developments in the field of artificial enzymes with a particular focus on challenges and opportunities for their use in xenobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Vornholt
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Jeschek
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
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108
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Zhou AZ, Chen K, Arnold FH. Enzymatic Lactone-Carbene C–H Insertion to Build Contiguous Chiral Centers. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Z. Zhou
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Kai Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Frances H. Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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109
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Zhao B, Tsai YC, Jin B, Wang B, Wang Y, Zhou H, Carpenter T, Weissman AM, Yin J. Protein Engineering in the Ubiquitin System: Tools for Discovery and Beyond. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:380-413. [PMID: 32107274 PMCID: PMC7047443 DOI: 10.1124/pr.118.015651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin (UB) transfer cascades consisting of E1, E2, and E3 enzymes constitute a complex network that regulates a myriad of biologic processes by modifying protein substrates. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) reverse UB modifications or trim UB chains of diverse linkages. Additionally, many cellular proteins carry UB-binding domains (UBDs) that translate the signals encoded in UB chains to target proteins for degradation by proteasomes or in autophagosomes, as well as affect nonproteolytic outcomes such as kinase activation, DNA repair, and transcriptional regulation. Dysregulation of the UB transfer pathways and malfunctions of DUBs and UBDs play causative roles in the development of many diseases. A greater understanding of the mechanism of UB chain assembly and the signals encoded in UB chains should aid in our understanding of disease pathogenesis and guide the development of novel therapeutics. The recent flourish of protein-engineering approaches such as unnatural amino acid incorporation, protein semisynthesis by expressed protein ligation, and high throughput selection by phage and yeast cell surface display has generated designer proteins as powerful tools to interrogate cell signaling mediated by protein ubiquitination. In this study, we highlight recent achievements of protein engineering on mapping, probing, and manipulating UB transfer in the cell. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The post-translational modification of proteins with ubiquitin alters the fate and function of proteins in diverse ways. Protein engineering is fundamentally transforming research in this area, providing new mechanistic insights and allowing for the exploration of concepts that can potentially be applied to therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (B.Z., B.J., B.W.); Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland (Y.C.T., A.M.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (Y.W., H.Z., T.C., J.Y.)
| | - Yien Che Tsai
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (B.Z., B.J., B.W.); Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland (Y.C.T., A.M.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (Y.W., H.Z., T.C., J.Y.)
| | - Bo Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (B.Z., B.J., B.W.); Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland (Y.C.T., A.M.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (Y.W., H.Z., T.C., J.Y.)
| | - Bufan Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (B.Z., B.J., B.W.); Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland (Y.C.T., A.M.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (Y.W., H.Z., T.C., J.Y.)
| | - Yiyang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (B.Z., B.J., B.W.); Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland (Y.C.T., A.M.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (Y.W., H.Z., T.C., J.Y.)
| | - Han Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (B.Z., B.J., B.W.); Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland (Y.C.T., A.M.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (Y.W., H.Z., T.C., J.Y.)
| | - Tomaya Carpenter
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (B.Z., B.J., B.W.); Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland (Y.C.T., A.M.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (Y.W., H.Z., T.C., J.Y.)
| | - Allan M Weissman
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (B.Z., B.J., B.W.); Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland (Y.C.T., A.M.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (Y.W., H.Z., T.C., J.Y.)
| | - Jun Yin
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (B.Z., B.J., B.W.); Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (Y.W.); Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland (Y.C.T., A.M.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (Y.W., H.Z., T.C., J.Y.)
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110
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Liberles DA, Chang B, Geiler-Samerotte K, Goldman A, Hey J, Kaçar B, Meyer M, Murphy W, Posada D, Storfer A. Emerging Frontiers in the Study of Molecular Evolution. J Mol Evol 2020; 88:211-226. [PMID: 32060574 PMCID: PMC7386396 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-020-09932-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A collection of the editors of Journal of Molecular Evolution have gotten together to pose a set of key challenges and future directions for the field of molecular evolution. Topics include challenges and new directions in prebiotic chemistry and the RNA world, reconstruction of early cellular genomes and proteins, macromolecular and functional evolution, evolutionary cell biology, genome evolution, molecular evolutionary ecology, viral phylodynamics, theoretical population genomics, somatic cell molecular evolution, and directed evolution. While our effort is not meant to be exhaustive, it reflects research questions and problems in the field of molecular evolution that are exciting to our editors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Liberles
- Department of Biology and Center for Computational Genetics and Genomics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
| | - Belinda Chang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Kerry Geiler-Samerotte
- Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Aaron Goldman
- Department of Biology, Oberlin College and Conservatory, K123 Science Center, 119 Woodland Street, Oberlin, OH, 44074, USA
| | - Jody Hey
- Department of Biology and Center for Computational Genetics and Genomics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Betül Kaçar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Michelle Meyer
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - William Murphy
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - David Posada
- Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Andrew Storfer
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
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111
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Chen K, Arnold FH. Engineering Cytochrome P450s for Enantioselective Cyclopropenation of Internal Alkynes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6891-6895. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 210-41, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Frances H. Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 210-41, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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112
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Qu G, Li A, Acevedo‐Rocha CG, Sun Z, Reetz MT. Die zentrale Rolle der Methodenentwicklung in der gerichteten Evolution selektiver Enzyme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Qu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Aitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology College of Life Sciences Hubei University 368 Youyi Road Wuchang Wuhan 430062 China
| | | | - Zhoutong Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Manfred T. Reetz
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 China
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim Deutschland
- Department of Chemistry, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 Philipps-Universität 35032 Marburg Deutschland
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113
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Qu G, Li A, Acevedo‐Rocha CG, Sun Z, Reetz MT. The Crucial Role of Methodology Development in Directed Evolution of Selective Enzymes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13204-13231. [PMID: 31267627 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Qu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Aitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology College of Life Sciences Hubei University 368 Youyi Road Wuchang Wuhan 430062 China
| | | | - Zhoutong Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Manfred T. Reetz
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 China
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 Philipps-University 35032 Marburg Germany
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114
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Yang Z, Liu T, Wang W, Zhang L. Stacked hexagonal prism of Ag@Ni-MOF-1 as functionalized SERS platform through rational integration of catalytic synthesis of dopamine-quinone at physiological pH with a biomimetic route. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3065-3068. [PMID: 32049076 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09145a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a novel stacked hexagonal prism, Ag@Ni-MOF-1, was designed and developed as an integrated SERS platform not only for successfully catalyzing the in situ synthesis of DA-quinone under physiological pH, but also for establishing an approach for specific determination of Cys, an important species in the brain related to Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongchao Yang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China.
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China.
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China.
| | - Limin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China.
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115
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Ortmayer M, Fisher K, Basran J, Wolde-Michael EM, Heyes DJ, Levy C, Lovelock SL, Anderson JLR, Raven EL, Hay S, Rigby SEJ, Green AP. Rewiring the "Push-Pull" Catalytic Machinery of a Heme Enzyme Using an Expanded Genetic Code. ACS Catal 2020; 10:2735-2746. [PMID: 32550044 PMCID: PMC7273622 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b05129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
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Nature
employs a limited number of genetically encoded axial ligands
to control diverse heme enzyme activities. Deciphering the functional
significance of these ligands requires a quantitative understanding of how their electron-donating
capabilities modulate the structures and reactivities of the iconic
ferryl intermediates compounds I and II. However, probing these relationships
experimentally has proven to be challenging as ligand substitutions
accessible via conventional mutagenesis do not allow fine tuning of
electron donation and typically abolish catalytic function. Here,
we exploit engineered translation components to replace the histidine
ligand of cytochrome c peroxidase (CcP) by a less electron-donating Nδ-methyl histidine (Me-His) with little effect on the enzyme structure.
The rate of formation (k1) and the reactivity
(k2) of compound I are unaffected by ligand
substitution. In contrast, proton-coupled electron transfer to compound
II (k3) is 10-fold slower in CcP Me-His, providing a direct link between electron donation
and compound II reactivity, which can be explained by weaker electron
donation from the Me-His ligand (“the push”) affording
an electron-deficient ferryl oxygen with reduced proton affinity (“the
pull”). The deleterious effects of the Me-His ligand can be
fully compensated by introducing a W51F mutation designed to increase
“the pull” by removing a hydrogen bond to the ferryl
oxygen. Analogous substitutions in ascorbate peroxidase lead to similar
activity trends to those observed in CcP, suggesting
that a common mechanistic strategy is employed by enzymes using distinct
electron transfer pathways. Our study highlights how noncanonical
active site substitutions can be used to directly probe and deconstruct
highly evolved bioinorganic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ortmayer
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Karl Fisher
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Jaswir Basran
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Henry Wellcome Building, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K
| | - Emmanuel M. Wolde-Michael
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Derren J. Heyes
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Colin Levy
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Sarah L. Lovelock
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - J. L. Ross Anderson
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, U.K
| | - Emma L. Raven
- School of Chemistry, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Sam Hay
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Stephen E. J. Rigby
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Anthony P. Green
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
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116
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Wu L, Maglangit F, Deng H. Fluorine biocatalysis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2020; 55:119-126. [PMID: 32087550 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of fluorine atoms into organic molecules has received considerable attention as these organofluorines have often found widespread applications in bioorganic chemistry, medicinal chemistry and biomaterial science. Despite innovation of synthetic C-F forming methodologies, selective fluorination is still extremely challenging. Therefore, a biotransformation approach using fluorine biocatalysts is needed to selectively introduce fluorine into structurally diverse molecules. Yet, there are few ways that enable incorporation of fluorine into structurally complex bioactive molecules. One is to extend the substrate scope of the existing enzyme inventory. Another is to expand the biosynthetic pathways to accept fluorinated precursors for producing fluorinated bioactive molecules. Finally, an understanding of the physiological roles of fluorometabolites in the producing microorganisms will advance our ability to engineer a microorganism to produce novel fluorinated commodities. Here, we review the fluorinase biotechnology and fluorine biocatalysts that incorporate fluorine motifs to generate fluorinated molecules, and highlight areas for future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linrui Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, UK
| | - Fleurdeliz Maglangit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, UK; College of Science, University of the Philippines Cebu, Lahug, Cebu City, 6000, Philippines
| | - Hai Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, UK.
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117
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Peng Y, Li D, Fan J, Xu W, Xu J, Yu H, Lin X, Wu Q. Enantiocomplementary C-H Bond Hydroxylation Combining Photo-Catalysis and Whole-Cell Biocatalysis in a One-Pot Cascade Process. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Peng
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; 310027 Hangzhou China
| | - Danyang Li
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; 310027 Hangzhou China
| | - Jiajie Fan
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; 310027 Hangzhou China
| | - Weihua Xu
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; 310027 Hangzhou China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; 310027 Hangzhou China
| | - Huilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 200237 Shanghai China
| | - Xianfu Lin
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; 310027 Hangzhou China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; 310027 Hangzhou China
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118
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Unbiased libraries in protein directed evolution. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.140321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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119
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Markel U, Essani KD, Besirlioglu V, Schiffels J, Streit WR, Schwaneberg U. Advances in ultrahigh-throughput screening for directed enzyme evolution. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:233-262. [PMID: 31815263 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00981c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes are versatile catalysts and their synthetic potential has been recognized for a long time. In order to exploit their full potential, enzymes often need to be re-engineered or optimized for a given application. (Semi-) rational design has emerged as a powerful means to engineer proteins, but requires detailed knowledge about structure function relationships. In turn, directed evolution methodologies, which consist of iterative rounds of diversity generation and screening, can improve an enzyme's properties with virtually no structural knowledge. Current diversity generation methods grant us access to a vast sequence space (libraries of >1012 enzyme variants) that may hide yet unexplored catalytic activities and selectivity. However, the time investment for conventional agar plate or microtiter plate-based screening assays represents a major bottleneck in directed evolution and limits the improvements that are obtainable in reasonable time. Ultrahigh-throughput screening (uHTS) methods dramatically increase the number of screening events per time, which is crucial to speed up biocatalyst design, and to widen our knowledge about sequence function relationships. In this review, we summarize recent advances in uHTS for directed enzyme evolution. We shed light on the importance of compartmentalization to preserve the essential link between genotype and phenotype and discuss how cells and biomimetic compartments can be applied to serve this function. Finally, we discuss how uHTS can inspire novel functional metagenomics approaches to identify natural biocatalysts for novel chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Markel
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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120
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Collins CH, Cirino PC. Commemorating Frances Arnold. AIChE J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia H. Collins
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringRensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York
| | - Patrick C. Cirino
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of Houston Houston Texas
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121
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122
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Tran UPN, Hommelsheim R, Yang Z, Empel C, Hock KJ, Nguyen TV, Koenigs RM. Catalytic Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl Cyclopropenes and Oligo-Cyclopropenes. Chemistry 2020; 26:1254-1257. [PMID: 31617620 PMCID: PMC7028152 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of trifluoromethylated cyclopropenes is often associated with important applications in drug discovery and functional materials. In this report, we describe the use of readily available chiral rhodium(II) catalysts for a highly efficient asymmetric cyclopropenation reaction of fluorinated donor–acceptor diazoalkanes with a broad variety of aliphatic and aromatic alkynes. Further studies highlight the unique reactivity of fluorinated donor–acceptor diazoalkanes in the synthesis of oligo‐cyclopropenes. Subsequent C−H functionalization of trifluoromethyl cyclopropenes furnishes densely substituted cyclopropene frameworks and also allows the alternative synthesis of bis‐cyclopropenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyen P N Tran
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Renè Hommelsheim
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zhen Yang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Claire Empel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina J Hock
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thanh V Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - René M Koenigs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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123
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Sulzbach M, Kunjapur AM. The Pathway Less Traveled: Engineering Biosynthesis of Nonstandard Functional Groups. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:532-545. [PMID: 31954529 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The field of metabolic engineering has achieved biochemical routes for conversion of renewable inputs to structurally diverse chemicals, but these products contain a limited number of chemical functional groups. In this review, we provide an overview of the progression of uncommon or 'nonstandard' functional groups from the elucidation of their biosynthetic machinery to the pathway optimization framework of metabolic engineering. We highlight exemplary efforts from primarily the last 5 years for biosynthesis of aldehyde, ester, terminal alkyne, terminal alkene, fluoro, epoxide, nitro, nitroso, nitrile, and hydrazine functional groups. These representative nonstandard functional groups vary in development stage and showcase the pipeline of chemical diversity that could soon appear within customized, biologically produced molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Sulzbach
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Aditya M Kunjapur
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA.
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124
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Nandakumar M, Rubial B, Noble A, Myers EL, Aggarwal VK. Ring-Opening Lithiation-Borylation of 2-Trifluoromethyl Oxirane: A Route to Versatile Tertiary Trifluoromethyl Boronic Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:1187-1191. [PMID: 31710748 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Stereogenic trifluoromethyl-substituted carbon centers are highly sought-after moieties in pharmaceutical and agrochemical discovery. Here, we show that lithiation-borylation reactions of 2-trifluoromethyl oxirane give densely functionalized and highly versatile trifluoromethyl-substituted α-tertiary boronic esters. The intermediate boronate complexes undergo the desired 1,2-rearrangement of the carbon-based group with complete retentive stereospecificity, a process that was only observed in non-polar solvents in the presence of TESOTf. Although the trifluoromethyl group adversely affects subsequent transformations of the α-boryl group, Zweifel olefinations provide trifluoromethyl-bearing quaternary stereocenters substituted with alkenes, alkynes and ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Belén Rubial
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Eddie L Myers
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Varinder K Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
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125
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Zhang SS, Xie H, Shu B, Che T, Wang XT, Peng D, Yang F, Zhang L. Iridium-catalyzed B-H insertion of sulfoxonium ylides and borane adducts: a versatile platform to α-boryl carbonyls. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:423-426. [PMID: 31822876 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08795h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Iridium-catalyzed boron-hydrogen bond insertion reactions of trimethylamine-borane and sulfoxonium ylides have been demonstrated, furnishing α-boryl ketones in moderate to excellent yields in most cases (51 examples; up to 84%). This practical and scalable insertion reaction showed broad substrate scope, high functional-group compatibility and could be applied in late-stage modification of structurally complex drug compounds. Further synthetic applications were also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Shi Zhang
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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126
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Abstract
While the bottom-up design of enzymes appears to be an intractably complex problem, a minimal approach that combines elementary, de novo-designed proteins with intrinsically reactive cofactors offers a simple means to rapidly access sophisticated catalytic mechanisms. Not only is this method proven in the reproduction of powerful oxidative chemistry of the natural peroxidase enzymes, but we show here that it extends to the efficient, abiological—and often asymmetric—formation of strained cyclopropane rings, nitrogen–carbon and carbon–carbon bonds, and the ring expansion of a simple cyclic molecule to form a precursor for NAD+, a fundamentally important biological cofactor. That the enzyme also functions in vivo paves the way for its incorporation into engineered biosynthetic pathways within living organisms. By constructing an in vivo-assembled, catalytically proficient peroxidase, C45, we have recently demonstrated the catalytic potential of simple, de novo-designed heme proteins. Here, we show that C45’s enzymatic activity extends to the efficient and stereoselective intermolecular transfer of carbenes to olefins, heterocycles, aldehydes, and amines. Not only is this a report of carbene transferase activity in a completely de novo protein, but also of enzyme-catalyzed ring expansion of aromatic heterocycles via carbene transfer by any enzyme.
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127
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Jeong WJ, Yu J, Song WJ. Proteins as diverse, efficient, and evolvable scaffolds for artificial metalloenzymes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:9586-9599. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03137b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We have extracted and categorized the desirable properties of proteins that are adapted as the scaffolds for artificial metalloenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jae Jeong
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseung Yu
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Woon Ju Song
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
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128
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Manna D, Lo R, Hobza P. Spin modification of iron(ii) complexes via covalent (dative) and dispersion guided non-covalent bonding with N-heterocyclic carbenes: DFT, DLPNO-CCSD(T) and MCSCF studies. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:164-170. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04334a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Spin crossover from high spin Fe(ii)-phthalocyanine to low or intermediate spin via either dative covalent or non-covalent interaction by just varying the substituent using the same core ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashree Manna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 16610 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
| | - Rabindranath Lo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 16610 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
| | - Pavel Hobza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 16610 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
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129
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Schmidt S, Bornscheuer UT. Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases: From protein engineering to biocatalytic applications. FLAVIN-DEPENDENT ENZYMES: MECHANISMS, STRUCTURES AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 47:231-281. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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130
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Damiano C, Sonzini P, Gallo E. Iron catalysts with N-ligands for carbene transfer of diazo reagents. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4867-4905. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00221f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the catalytic activity of iron complexes of nitrogen ligands in driving carbene transfers towards CC, C–H and X–H bonds. The reactivity of diazo reagents is discussed as well as the proposed reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Sonzini
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Milan
- 20133 Milan
- Italy
| | - Emma Gallo
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Milan
- 20133 Milan
- Italy
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131
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Liu Y, You T, Wang HX, Tang Z, Zhou CY, Che CM. Iron- and cobalt-catalyzed C(sp3)–H bond functionalization reactions and their application in organic synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5310-5358. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the developments in iron and cobalt catalyzed C(sp3)–H bond functionalization reactions with emphasis on their applications in organic synthesis, i.e. natural products and pharmaceuticals synthesis and/or modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungen Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Tingjie You
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Hai-Xu Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Zhou Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
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132
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TANAKA K, VONG K. Unlocking the therapeutic potential of artificial metalloenzymes. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2020; 96:79-94. [PMID: 32161212 PMCID: PMC7167364 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.96.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to harness the functionality of metals, nature has evolved over billions of years to utilize metalloproteins as key components in numerous cellular processes. Despite this, transition metals such as ruthenium, palladium, iridium, and gold are largely absent from naturally occurring metalloproteins, likely due to their scarcity as precious metals. To mimic the evolutionary process of nature, the field of artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) was born as a way to benefit from the unique chemoselectivity and orthogonality of transition metals in a biological setting. In its current state, numerous examples have successfully incorporated transition metals into a variety of protein scaffolds. Using these ArMs, many examples of new-to-nature reactions have been carried out, some of which have shown substantial biocompatibility. Given the rapid rate at which this field is growing, this review aims to highlight some important studies that have begun to take the next step within this field; namely the development of ArM-centered drug therapies or biotechnological tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori TANAKA
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- A. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Baton Zone Program, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence should be addressed: K. Tanaka, Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan (e-mail: )
| | - Kenward VONG
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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133
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Nandakumar M, Rubial B, Noble A, Myers EL, Aggarwal VK. Ring‐Opening Lithiation–Borylation of 2‐Trifluoromethyl Oxirane: A Route to Versatile Tertiary Trifluoromethyl Boronic Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Belén Rubial
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Eddie L. Myers
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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134
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Leveson-Gower RB, Mayer C, Roelfes G. The importance of catalytic promiscuity for enzyme design and evolution. Nat Rev Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-019-0143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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135
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Li J, He H, Huang M, Chen Y, Luo Y, Yan K, Wang Q, Wu Y. Iridium-Catalyzed B–H Bond Insertion Reactions Using Sulfoxonium Ylides as Carbene Precursors toward α-Boryl Carbonyls. Org Lett 2019; 21:9005-9008. [PMID: 31689110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianglian Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Hua He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Mengyi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yuncan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Kaichuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Qiantao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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136
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Abstract
On the occasion of Professor Frances H. Arnold's recent acceptance of the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, we honor her numerous contributions to the fields of directed evolution and biocatalysis. Arnold pioneered the development of directed evolution methods for engineering enzymes as biocatalysts. Her highly interdisciplinary research has provided a ground not only for understanding the mechanisms of enzyme evolution but also for developing commercially viable enzyme biocatalysts and biocatalytic processes. In this Account, we highlight some of her notable contributions in the past three decades in the development of foundational directed evolution methods and their applications in the design and engineering of enzymes with desired functions for biocatalysis. Her work has created a paradigm shift in the broad catalysis field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - S. B. Jennifer Kan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Chemistry, and Biochemistry, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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137
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Hammerer L, Friess M, Cerne J, Fuchs M, Steinkellner G, Gruber K, Vanhessche K, Plocek T, Winkler CK, Kroutil W. Controlling the Regioselectivity of Fatty Acid Hydroxylation (C10) at α‐ and β‐Position by CYP152A1 (P450Bsβ) Variants. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Hammerer
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnologyc/o University of Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Michael Friess
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Graz NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Jeyson Cerne
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Graz NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Michael Fuchs
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Graz NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Georg Steinkellner
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnologyc/o University of Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Karl Gruber
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnologyc/o University of Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
- Institute of Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of Graz Humboldtstrasse 50 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Koenraad Vanhessche
- Aroma Chemical Services International S.A Route de St-Julien 184 CH-1228 Plan-les-Ouates Switzerland
| | - Thomas Plocek
- Aroma Chemical Services International S.A Route de St-Julien 184 CH-1228 Plan-les-Ouates Switzerland
| | - Christoph K. Winkler
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnologyc/o University of Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Graz NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnologyc/o University of Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Graz NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
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138
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Huang YS, Wang J, Zheng WX, Zhang FL, Yu YJ, Zheng M, Zhou X, Wang YF. Regioselective radical hydroboration of electron-deficient alkenes: synthesis of α-boryl functionalized molecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11904-11907. [PMID: 31528910 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06506g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A regioselective radical hydroboration of various electron-deficient alkenes is achieved by the employment of an NHC-boryl radical. A range of α-borylated nitriles, trifluoromethyl molecules, phosphonates, sulfones, and gem-diboron compounds have been prepared from readily available starting materials. Further synthetic applications of these products are also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Shuai Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Wan-Xin Zheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Feng-Lian Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - You-Jie Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Xiaoguo Zhou
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Yi-Feng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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139
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Ye JH, Quach L, Paulisch T, Glorius F. Visible-Light-Induced, Metal-Free Carbene Insertion into B-H Bonds between Acylsilanes and Pinacolborane. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:16227-16231. [PMID: 31558013 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbene insertion reactions with B-H bonds are a challenging but promising method for the synthesis of organoboranes. Herein, we report visible-light-induced B-H insertions of HBpin with acylsilane. This metal-free and operationally simple reaction proceeds in an atom-economical way with broad substrate scope under mild reaction conditions, affording a variety of important α-alkoxyorganoboronate esters in quantitative yields. Control experiments and density functional theory calculations suggest that the siloxycarbene generation from the T1 state of acylsilane and the carbene insertion into the B-H bond occurred in a concerted manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Heng Ye
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Linda Quach
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Tiffany Paulisch
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany
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140
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Schmitz LM, Rosenthal K, Lütz S. Recent advances in heme biocatalysis engineering. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:3469-3475. [PMID: 31483477 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Heme enzymes have the potential to be widely used as biocatalysts due to their capability to perform a vast variety of oxidation reactions. In spite of their versatility, the application of heme enzymes was long time-limited for the industry due to their low activity and stability in large scale processes. The identification of novel natural biocatalysts and recent advances in protein engineering have led to new reactions with a high application potential. The latest creation of a serine-ligated mutant of BM3 showed an efficient transfer of reactive carbenes into C═C bonds of olefins reaching total turnover numbers of more than 60,000 and product titers of up to 27 g/L-1 . This prominent example shows that heme enzymes are becoming competitive to chemical syntheses while being already advantageous in terms of high yield, regioselectivity, stereoselectivity and environmentally friendly reaction conditions. Advances in reactor concepts and the influencing parameters on reaction performance are also under investigation resulting in improved productivities and increased stability of the heme biocatalytic systems. In this mini review, we briefly present the latest advancements in the field of heme enzymes towards increased reaction scope and applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Marie Schmitz
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Katrin Rosenthal
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stephan Lütz
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
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141
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A family of radical halogenases for the engineering of amino-acid-based products. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 15:1009-1016. [PMID: 31548692 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0355-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The integration of synthetic and biological catalysis enables new approaches to the synthesis of small molecules by combining the high selectivity of enzymes with the reaction diversity offered by synthetic chemistry. While organohalogens are valued for their bioactivity and utility as synthetic building blocks, only a handful of enzymes that carry out the regioselective halogenation of unactivated [Formula: see text] bonds have previously been identified. In this context, we report the structural characterization of BesD, a recently discovered radical halogenase from the FeII/α-ketogluturate-dependent family that chlorinates the free amino acid lysine. We also identify and characterize additional halogenases that produce mono- and dichlorinated, as well as brominated and azidated, amino acids. The substrate selectivity of this new family of radical halogenases takes advantage of the central role of amino acids in metabolism and enables engineering of biosynthetic pathways to afford a wide variety of compound classes, including heterocycles, diamines, α-keto acids and peptides.
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142
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Atroposelective antibodies as a designed protein scaffold for artificial metalloenzymes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13551. [PMID: 31537832 PMCID: PMC6753118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49844-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Design and engineering of protein scaffolds are crucial to create artificial metalloenzymes. Herein we report the first example of C-C bond formation catalyzed by artificial metalloenzymes, which consist of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and C2 symmetric metal catalysts. Prepared as a tailored protein scaffold for a binaphthyl derivative (BN), mAbs bind metal catalysts bearing a 1,1'-bi-isoquinoline (BIQ) ligand to yield artificial metalloenzymes. These artificial metalloenzymes catalyze the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction. In the presence of mAb R44E1, the reaction proceeds with 88% ee. The reaction catalyzed by Cu-catalyst incorporated into the binding site of mAb R44E1 is found to show excellent enantioselectivity with 99% ee. The protein environment also enables the use of BIQ-based catalysts as asymmetric catalysts for the first time.
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143
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Xu J, Peng Y, Wang Z, Hu Y, Fan J, Zheng H, Lin X, Wu Q. Exploiting Cofactor Versatility to Convert a FAD‐Dependent Baeyer–Villiger Monooxygenase into a Ketoreductase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Institute of Aging Research School of Medicine Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 China
| | - Yujing Hu
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Jiajie Fan
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - He Zheng
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Xianfu Lin
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
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144
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Xu J, Peng Y, Wang Z, Hu Y, Fan J, Zheng H, Lin X, Wu Q. Exploiting Cofactor Versatility to Convert a FAD-Dependent Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenase into a Ketoreductase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14499-14503. [PMID: 31423719 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclohexanone monooxygenases (CHMOs) show very high catalytic specificity for natural Baeyer-Villiger (BV) reactions and promiscuous reduction reactions have not been reported to date. Wild-type CHMO from Acinetobacter sp. NCIMB 9871 was found to possess an innate, promiscuous ability to reduce an aromatic α-keto ester, but with poor yield and stereoselectivity. Structure-guided, site-directed mutagenesis drastically improved the catalytic carbonyl-reduction activity (yield up to 99 %) and stereoselectivity (ee up to 99 %), thereby converting this CHMO into a ketoreductase, which can reduce a range of differently substituted aromatic α-keto esters. The improved, promiscuous reduction activity of the mutant enzyme in comparison to the wild-type enzyme results from a decrease in the distance between the carbonyl moiety of the substrate and the hydrogen atom on N5 of the reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor, as confirmed using docking and molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yujing Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jiajie Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - He Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xianfu Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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145
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Zhang Y. Computational Investigations of Heme Carbenes and Heme Carbene Transfer Reactions. Chemistry 2019; 25:13231-13247. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Stevens Institute of Technology 1 Castle Point on Hudson Hoboken NJ 07030 USA
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146
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Arnold FH. Innovation durch Evolution: Wie man neue Chemie zum Leben erweckt (Nobel‐Vortrag). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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147
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Arnold FH. Innovation by Evolution: Bringing New Chemistry to Life (Nobel Lecture). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14420-14426. [PMID: 31433107 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The directed evolution of enzymes is now routinely used to develop new catalysts with various applications, such as in environmentally friendly production of chemicals and renewable fuels. In her Nobel lecture, F. Arnold describes how lessons from nature inspired the development of methods for directed evolution.
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148
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Larcher A, Nocentini A, Supuran CT, Winum JY, van der Lee A, Vasseur JJ, Laurencin D, Smietana M. Bis-benzoxaboroles: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation as Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1205-1210. [PMID: 31413806 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of a series of compounds incorporating two or three benzoxaborole moieties is reported. Three different synthetic strategies were used to explore within this series as much chemical space as possible, all starting from the 6-aminobenzoxaborole reagent: amide coupling, imine bond formation, and squarate coupling. Eleven new compounds were isolated in pure form, and single crystals were obtained for two of them. These compounds were then evaluated as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors against the cytosolic hCA I and II and the transmembrane hCA IV, IX, and XII isoforms. While the benzoxaborole scaffold has been recently introduced as a new chemotype for carbonic anhydrase inhibition, these new multivalent derivatives exhibited superior inhibitory activity against the tumor-associated isoform hCA IX. In particular, compared to monovalent 6-aminobenzoxaborole (K I = 813 nM) and 6-carboxybenzoxaborole (K I = 400 nM), derivative 2h characterized by a glutamic acid structural core and two benzoxaborole moieties was found to be more potent (K I = 64 nM) and more selective over human hCA II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adèle Larcher
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier (ICGM), Université de Montpellier, UMR 5253, CNRS, ENSCM, Place E. Bataillon, CC1701, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Université de Montpellier, UMR
5247, CNRS, ENSCM, Place E. Bataillon, CC 1704, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- NEUROFARBA Dept., University of Florence, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Dept., University of Florence, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Jean-Yves Winum
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Université de Montpellier, UMR
5247, CNRS, ENSCM, Place E. Bataillon, CC 1704, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Arie van der Lee
- Institut Européen des Membranes, Université
de Montpellier, UMR 5632 CNRS ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Vasseur
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Université de Montpellier, UMR
5247, CNRS, ENSCM, Place E. Bataillon, CC 1704, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Danielle Laurencin
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier (ICGM), Université de Montpellier, UMR 5253, CNRS, ENSCM, Place E. Bataillon, CC1701, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Michael Smietana
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Université de Montpellier, UMR
5247, CNRS, ENSCM, Place E. Bataillon, CC 1704, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
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149
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Systems Metabolic Engineering Strategies: Integrating Systems and Synthetic Biology with Metabolic Engineering. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 37:817-837. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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150
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Li A, Qu G, Sun Z, Reetz MT. Statistical Analysis of the Benefits of Focused Saturation Mutagenesis in Directed Evolution Based on Reduced Amino Acid Alphabets. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Road, Wuchang Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ge Qu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Zhoutong Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Manfred T. Reetz
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Philipps-University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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