101
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Zhu W, Liu X, Zhu M, Li X, Yin H, Huang J, Wang A, Li X. Responses of Symbiodiniaceae Shuffling and Microbial Community Assembly in Thermally Stressed Acropora hyacinthus. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:832081. [PMID: 35432258 PMCID: PMC9010789 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.832081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the importance of coral holobionts is widely accepted, the relationship between the flexibility of the microbial structure and the coral host is very complicated. Particularly, the community dynamics of holobionts and the stability of host–microbe interactions under different thermal stresses remain largely unknown. In the present study, we holistically explored the physiology and growth of Acropora hyacinthus in response to increased temperatures (from 26 to 33°C). We observed that bleaching corals with loss of algal symbionts reduced lipids and proteins to maintain their survival, leading to decreased tissue biomass and retarded growth. The diversity of Symbiodiniaceae and symbiont shuffling in the community structure was mainly caused by alterations in the relative abundance of the thermally sensitive but dominant clade C symbionts and low abundance of “background types.” Bacterial diversity showed a decreasing trend with increasing temperature, whereas no significant shifts were observed in the bacterial community structure. This finding might be attributed to the local adjustment of specific microbial community members that did not affect the overall metabolic state of the coral holobiont, and there was no increase in the proportion of sequences identified as typically pathogenic or opportunistic taxa. The Sloan neutral community model showed that neutral processes could explain 42.37–58.43% of bacterial community variation. The Stegen null model analysis indicates that the stochastic processes explain a significantly higher proportion of community assembly than deterministic processes when the temperature was elevated. The weak effect of temperature on the bacterial community structure and assembly might be related to an increase in stochastic dominance. The interaction of bacterial communities exhibits a fluctuating and simplistic trend with increasing temperature. Moreover, temperature increases were sufficient to establish the high stability of bacterial networks, and a non-linear response was found between the complexity and stability of the networks. Our findings collectively provide new insights into successive changes in the scleractinian coral host and holobionts in response to elevated seawater temperatures, especially the contribution of the community assembly process and species coexistence patterns to the maintenance of the coral-associated bacterial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiangbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xinke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Hongyang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jianzhong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Aimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiubao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiubao Li,
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102
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Experimental manipulation of microbiota reduces host thermal tolerance and fitness under heat stress in a vertebrate ectotherm. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:405-417. [PMID: 35256809 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01686-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Identifying factors that influence how ectothermic animals respond physiologically to changing temperatures is of high importance given current threats of global climate change. Host-associated microbial communities impact animal physiology and have been shown to influence host thermal tolerance in invertebrate systems. However, the role of commensal microbiota in the thermal tolerance of ectothermic vertebrates is unknown. Here we show that experimentally manipulating the tadpole microbiome through environmental water sterilization reduces the host's acute thermal tolerance to both heat and cold, alters the thermal sensitivity of locomotor performance, and reduces animal survival under prolonged heat stress. We show that these tadpoles have reduced activities of mitochondrial enzymes and altered metabolic rates compared with tadpoles colonized with unmanipulated microbiota, which could underlie differences in thermal phenotypes. These results demonstrate a strong link between the microbiota of an ectothermic vertebrate and the host's thermal tolerance, performance and fitness. It may therefore be important to consider host-associated microbial communities when predicting species' responses to climate change.
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103
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Deignan LK, McDougald D. Differential Response of the Microbiome of Pocillopora acuta to Reciprocal Transplantation Within Singapore. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:608-618. [PMID: 34148107 PMCID: PMC8979861 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01793-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
As corals continue to decline globally, particularly due to climate change, it is vital to understand the extent to which their microbiome may confer an adaptive resilience against environmental stress. Corals that survive on the urban reefs of Singapore are ideal candidates to study the association of scleractinians with their microbiome, which in turn can inform reef conservation and management. In this study, we monitored differences in the microbiome of Pocillopora acuta colonies reciprocally transplanted between two reefs, Raffles and Kusu, within the Port of Singapore, where corals face intense anthropogenic impacts. Pocillopora acuta had previously been shown to host distinct microbial communities between these two reefs. Amplicon sequencing (16S rRNA) was used to assess the coral microbiomes at 1, 2, 4, and 10 days post-transplantation. Coral microbiomes responded rapidly to transplantation, becoming similar to those of the local corals at the destination reef within one day at Raffles and within two days at Kusu. Elevated nitrate concentrations were detected at Raffles for the duration of the study, potentially influencing the microbiome's response to transplantation. The persistence of corals within the port of Singapore highlights the ability of corals to adapt to stressful environments. Further, coral resilience appears to coincide with a dynamic microbiome which can undergo shifts in composition without succumbing to dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey K Deignan
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, SBS-01N-27, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
| | - Diane McDougald
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, SBS-01N-27, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
- The iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
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104
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Quintanilla E, Rodrigues CF, Henriques I, Hilário A. Microbial Associations of Abyssal Gorgonians and Anemones (>4,000 m Depth) at the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:828469. [PMID: 35432234 PMCID: PMC9006452 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.828469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep coral-dominated communities play paramount roles in benthic environments by increasing their complexity and biodiversity. Coral-associated microbes are crucial to maintain fitness and homeostasis at the holobiont level. However, deep-sea coral biology and their associated microbiomes remain largely understudied, and less from remote and abyssal environments such as those in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ) in the tropical Northeast (NE) Pacific Ocean. Here, we study microbial-associated communities of abyssal gorgonian corals and anemones (>4,000 m depth) in the CCZ; an area harboring the largest known global reserve of polymetallic nodules that are commercially interesting for the deep-sea nodule mining. Coral samples (n = 25) belonged to Isididae and Primnoidae families, while anemones (n = 4) to Actinostolidae family. Significant differences in bacterial community compositions were obtained between these three families, despite sharing similar habitats. Anemones harbored bacterial microbiomes composed mainly of Hyphomicrobiaceae, Parvibaculales, and Pelagibius members. Core microbiomes of corals were mainly dominated by different Spongiibacteraceae and Terasakiellaceae bacterial members, depending on corals' taxonomy. Moreover, the predicted functional profiling suggests that deep-sea corals harbor bacterial communities that allow obtaining additional energy due to the scarce availability of nutrients. This study presents the first report of microbiomes associated with abyssal gorgonians and anemones and will serve as baseline data and crucial insights to evaluate and provide guidance on the impacts of deep-sea mining on these key abyssal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Quintanilla
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Clara F. Rodrigues
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Henriques
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Hilário
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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105
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Quigley KM, van Oppen MJH. Predictive models for the selection of thermally tolerant corals based on offspring survival. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1543. [PMID: 35351901 PMCID: PMC8964693 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28956-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding coral reefs resilient to climate warming is challenging given the large spatial scale of reef ecosystems. Methods are needed to predict the location of corals with heritable tolerance to high temperatures. Here, we combine Great Barrier Reef-scale remote sensing with breeding experiments that estimate larval and juvenile coral survival under exposure to high temperatures. Using reproductive corals collected from the northern and central Great Barrier Reef, we develop forecasting models to locate reefs harbouring corals capable of producing offspring with increased heat tolerance of an additional 3.4° heating weeks (~3 °C). Our findings predict hundreds of reefs (~7.5%) may be home to corals that have high and heritable heat-tolerance in habitats with high daily and annual temperature ranges and historically variable heat stress. The locations identified represent targets for protection and consideration as a source of corals for use in restoration of degraded reefs given their potential to resist climate change impacts and repopulate reefs with tolerant offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Quigley
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
| | - M J H van Oppen
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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106
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Maire J, Buerger P, Chan WY, Deore P, Dungan AM, Nitschke MR, van Oppen MJH. Effects of Ocean Warming on the Underexplored Members of the Coral Microbiome. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:1700-1709. [PMID: 35259253 PMCID: PMC9801979 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The climate crisis is one of the most significant threats to marine ecosystems. It is leading to severe increases in sea surface temperatures and in the frequency and magnitude of marine heatwaves. These changing conditions are directly impacting coral reef ecosystems, which are among the most biodiverse ecosystems on Earth. Coral-associated symbionts are particularly affected because summer heatwaves cause coral bleaching-the loss of endosymbiotic microalgae (Symbiodiniaceae) from coral tissues, leading to coral starvation and death. Coral-associated Symbiodiniaceae and bacteria have been extensively studied in the context of climate change, especially in terms of community diversity and dynamics. However, data on other microorganisms and their response to climate change are scarce. Here, we review current knowledge on how increasing temperatures affect understudied coral-associated microorganisms such as archaea, fungi, viruses, and protists other than Symbiodiniaceae, as well as microbe-microbe interactions. We show that the coral-microbe symbiosis equilibrium is at risk under current and predicted future climate change and argue that coral reef conservation initiatives should include microbe-focused approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Buerger
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia,Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Wing Yan Chan
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Pranali Deore
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ashley M Dungan
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | - Madeleine J H van Oppen
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia,Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
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107
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Contingency planning for coral reefs in the Anthropocene; The potential of reef safe havens. Emerg Top Life Sci 2022; 6:107-124. [PMID: 35225326 DOI: 10.1042/etls20210232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the global reliance on fossil fuels is essential to ensure the long-term survival of coral reefs, but until this happens, alternative tools are required to safeguard their future. One emerging tool is to locate areas where corals are surviving well despite the changing climate. Such locations include refuges, refugia, hotspots of resilience, bright spots, contemporary near-pristine reefs, and hope spots that are collectively named reef 'safe havens' in this mini-review. Safe havens have intrinsic value for reefs through services such as environmental buffering, maintaining near-pristine reef conditions, or housing corals naturally adapted to future environmental conditions. Spatial and temporal variance in physicochemical conditions and exposure to stress however preclude certainty over the ubiquitous long-term capacity of reef safe havens to maintain protective service provision. To effectively integrate reef safe havens into proactive reef management and contingency planning for climate change scenarios, thus requires an understanding of their differences, potential values, and predispositions to stress. To this purpose, I provide a high-level review on the defining characteristics of different coral reef safe havens, how they are being utilised in proactive reef management and what risk and susceptibilities they inherently have. The mini-review concludes with an outline of the potential for reef safe haven habitats to support contingency planning of coral reefs under an uncertain future from intensifying climate change.
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108
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The effect of thermal stress on the physiology and bacterial communities of two key Mediterranean gorgonians. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0234021. [PMID: 35108095 PMCID: PMC8939326 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02340-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gorgonians are important habitat-providing species in the Mediterranean Sea, but their populations are declining due to microbial diseases and repeated mass mortality events caused by summer heat waves. Elevated seawater temperatures may impact the stress tolerance and disease resistance of gorgonians and lead to disturbances in their microbiota. However, our knowledge of the biological response of the gorgonian holobiont (i.e., the host and its microbiota) to thermal stress remains limited. Here, we investigated how the holobiont of two gorgonian species (Paramuricea clavata and Eunicella cavolini) are affected throughout a 7-week thermal stress event by following both the corals’ physiology and the composition of their bacterial communities. We found that P. clavata was more sensitive to elevated seawater temperatures than E. cavolini, showing a greater loss in energy reserves, reduced feeding ability, and partial mortality. This lower thermotolerance may be linked to the ∼20× lower antioxidant defense capacity in P. clavata compared with E. cavolini. In the first 4 weeks of thermal stress, we also observed minor shifts in the microbiota of both species, suggesting that the microbiota likely plays a limited role in thermal acclimation of the holobiont. However, major stochastic changes occurred later on in some colonies, which were of a transient nature in E. cavolini, but were linked to partial colony mortality in P. clavata. Overall, our results show significant, but differential, effects of thermal stress on the holobionts of both E. cavolini and P. clavata and predict potentially severe impacts on gorgonian populations under future climate scenarios. IMPORTANCE In the Mediterranean Sea, the tree-shaped gorgonian corals form large forests that provide a place to live for many species. Because of this important ecological role, it is crucial to understand how common habitat-forming gorgonians, like Eunicella cavolini and Paramuricea clavata, are affected by high seawater temperatures that are expected in the future due to climate change. We found that both species lost biomass, but P. clavata was more affected, being also unable to feed and showing signs of mortality. The microbiota of both gorgonians also changed substantively under high temperatures. Although this could be linked to partial colony mortality in P. clavata, the changes were temporary in E. cavolini. The overall higher resistance of E. cavolini may be related to its much higher antioxidant defense levels than P. clavata. Climate change may thus have severe impacts on gorgonian populations and the habitats they provide.
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109
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Qi Z, Diao X, Yang T, Zeng R, Wang H, Zhou H. Spatial and interspecific differences in coral-associated bacterial diversity in Hainan, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 175:113321. [PMID: 35149312 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coral reefs are suffering from environmental change and anthropogenic disturbances. It is well known that microbes play an indispensable role in the stable state of coral reef health. Furthermore, the coral reef microbial database helps to understand the connections among microbiomes shifts and ecosystem stress. Hainan Province is the main coral reef distribution area in China. Therefore, targeted microbial reference information from Hainan, including several coral microbiomes, was generated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing in this study. This study focused on a small range of coral-associated bacterial information and found a relationship between microbes and the surrounding environment based on coral interspecific and environmental factors. Interestingly, compared with species, the differences of bacterial community structures are best explained by site. It seems that various environmental factors contribute more to the microbial structure of corals than interspecific influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiaoping Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; College of Life Science, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China.
| | - Tinghan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ruohan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Haihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hailong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; College of Life Sciences and Pharmacy, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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110
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Kriefall NG, Kanke MR, Aglyamova GV, Davies SW. Reef environments shape microbial partners in a highly connected coral population. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20212459. [PMID: 35042418 PMCID: PMC8767194 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence is mounting that composition of microorganisms within a host can play an essential role in total holobiont health. In corals, for instance, studies have identified algal and bacterial taxa that can significantly influence coral host function and these communities depend on environmental context. However, few studies have linked host genetics to algal and microbial partners across environments within a single coral population. Here, using 2b-RAD sequencing of corals and metabarcoding of their associated algal (ITS2) and bacterial (16S) communities, we show evidence that reef zones (locales that differ in proximity to shore and other environmental characteristics) structure algal and bacterial communities at different scales in a highly connected coral population (Acropora hyacinthus) in French Polynesia. Fore reef (FR) algal communities in Mo'orea were more diverse than back reef (BR) communities, suggesting that these BR conditions constrain diversity. Interestingly, in FR corals, host genetic diversity correlated with bacterial diversity, which could imply genotype by genotype interactions between these holobiont members. Our results illuminate that local reef conditions play an important role in shaping unique host-microbial partner combinations, which may have fitness consequences for dispersive coral populations arriving in novel environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. R. Kanke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - G. V. Aglyamova
- Department of Integrative Biology, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - S. W. Davies
- Biology Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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111
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Significant Changes in Bacterial Communities Associated with Pocillopora Corals Ingestion by Crown-of-Thorns Starfish: An Important Factor Affecting the Coral’s Health. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020207. [PMID: 35208662 PMCID: PMC8879049 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coral ingestion by crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS) is an important cause of coral reef degradation, although the impacts of COTS feeding on coral-associated microbial communities are not well understood. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the coral tissue-weight, Symbiodiniaceae density (SD), bacterial community composition, and the predicted functions of bacterial genes associated with Pocillopora corals in healthy portions and feeding scars, following COTS feeding. Coral tissue-weight loss rate in the feeding scars was 71.3–94.95%. The SDs were significantly lower in the feeding scars, and the SD-loss rate was 92.05% ± 2.12%. The relative abundances of bacterial communities associated with Pocillopora corals after COTS feeding changed significantly and were almost completely reorganized at the phylum and genus levels. Analysis of the microbial metagenomic-functional capacities showed that numerous physiological functions of the coral-bacterial holobionts in the feeding scars were different, including amino acid metabolism, xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism, lipid metabolism, membrane transport, signal transduction, and cell motility, and all these capacities could be corroborated based on metagenomic, transcriptomic or proteomic technologies. Overall, our research suggests that coral holobionts may be destroyed by COTS, and our findings imply that bacterial communities in feeding scars could affect the health of Pocillopora corals.
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112
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Smith EG, Hazzouri KM, Choi JY, Delaney P, Al-Kharafi M, Howells EJ, Aranda M, Burt JA. Signatures of selection underpinning rapid coral adaptation to the world's warmest reefs. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl7287. [PMID: 35020424 PMCID: PMC10954036 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl7287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coral populations in the world’s warmest reefs, the Persian/Arabian Gulf (PAG), represent an ideal model system to understand the evolutionary response of coral populations to past and present environmental change and to identify genomic loci that contribute to elevated thermal tolerance. Here, we use population genomics of the brain coral Platygyra daedalea to show that corals in the PAG represent a distinct subpopulation that was established during the Holocene marine transgression, and identify selective sweeps in their genomes associated with thermal adaptation. We demonstrate the presence of positive and disruptive selection and provide evidence for selection of differentially methylated haplotypes. While demographic analyses suggest limited potential for genetic rescue of neighboring Indian Ocean reefs, the presence of putative targets of selection in corals outside of the PAG offers hope that loci associated with thermal tolerance may be present in the standing genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward G. Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
- Water Research Center & Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Khaled M. Hazzouri
- Water Research Center & Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Jae Young Choi
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrice Delaney
- Water Research Center & Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Mohammed Al-Kharafi
- Department of Fisheries Resource Development, Public Authority of Agriculture and Fisheries Resources, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Emily J. Howells
- Water Research Center & Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Manuel Aranda
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - John A. Burt
- Water Research Center & Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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113
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Wang JT, Wang YT, Chen CA, Meng PJ, Tew KS, Chiang PW, Tang SL. Extra high superoxide dismutase in host tissue is associated with improving bleaching resistance in "thermal adapted" and Durusdinium trenchii-associating coral. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12746. [PMID: 35070504 PMCID: PMC8760857 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Global warming threatens reef-building corals with large-scale bleaching events; therefore, it is important to discover potential adaptive capabilities for increasing their temperature resistance before it is too late. This study presents two coral species (Platygyra verweyi and Isopora palifera) surviving on a reef having regular hot water influxes via a nearby nuclear power plant that exhibited completely different bleaching susceptibilities to thermal stress, even though both species shared several so-called "winner" characteristics (e.g., containing Durusdinium trenchii, thick tissue, etc.). During acute heating treatment, algal density did not decline in P. verweyi corals within three days of being directly transferred from 25 to 31 °C; however, the same treatment caused I. palifera to lose < 70% of its algal symbionts within 24 h. The most distinctive feature between the two coral species was an overwhelmingly higher constitutive superoxide dismutase (ca. 10-fold) and catalase (ca. 3-fold) in P. verweyi over I. palifera. Moreover, P. verweyi also contained significantly higher saturated and lower mono-unsaturated fatty acids, especially a long-chain saturated fatty acid (C22:0), than I. palifera, and was consistently associated with the symbiotic bacteria Endozoicomonas, which was not found in I. palifera. However, antibiotic treatment and inoculation tests did not support Endozoicomonas having a direct contribution to thermal resistance. This study highlights that, besides its association with a thermally tolerable algal symbiont, a high level of constitutive antioxidant enzymes in the coral host is crucial for coral survivorship in the more fluctuating and higher temperature environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jih-Terng Wang
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Pei-Jei Meng
- General Education Center, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan,National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Kwee Siong Tew
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan,Institute of Marine Biodiversity and Evolution, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Chiang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sen-Lin Tang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Silva DP, Epstein HE, Vega Thurber RL. Best practices for generating and analyzing 16S rRNA amplicon data to track coral microbiome dynamics. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1007877. [PMID: 36891260 PMCID: PMC9987214 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1007877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, researchers have searched for methods to better understand the relationship between coral hosts and their microbiomes. Data on how coral-associated bacteria are involved in their host's responses to stressors that cause bleaching, disease, and other deleterious effects can elucidate how they may mediate, ameliorate, and exacerbate interactions between the coral and the surrounding environment. At the same time tracking coral bacteria dynamics can reveal previously undiscovered mechanisms of coral resilience, acclimatization, and evolutionary adaptation. Although modern techniques have reduced the cost of conducting high-throughput sequencing of coral microbes, to explore the composition, function, and dynamics of coral-associated bacteria, it is necessary that the entire procedure, from collection to sequencing, and subsequent analysis be carried out in an objective and effective way. Corals represent a difficult host with which to work, and unique steps in the process of microbiome assessment are necessary to avoid inaccuracies or unusable data in microbiome libraries, such as off-target amplification of host sequences. Here, we review, compare and contrast, and recommend methods for sample collection, preservation, and processing (e.g., DNA extraction) pipelines to best generate 16S amplicon libraries with the aim of tracking coral microbiome dynamics. We also discuss some basic quality assurance and general bioinformatic methods to analyze the diversity, composition, and taxonomic profiles of the microbiomes. This review aims to be a generalizable guide for researchers interested in starting and modifying the molecular biology aspects of coral microbiome research, highlighting best practices and tricks of the trade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise P Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Hannah E Epstein
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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Liang J, Luo W, Yu K, Xu Y, Chen J, Deng C, Ge R, Su H, Huang W, Wang G. Multi-Omics Revealing the Response Patterns of Symbiotic Microorganisms and Host Metabolism in Scleractinian Coral Pavona minuta to Temperature Stresses. Metabolites 2021; 12:metabo12010018. [PMID: 35050140 PMCID: PMC8780272 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Global climate change has resulted in large-scale coral reef decline worldwide, for which the ocean warming has paid more attention. Coral is a typical mutually beneficial symbiotic organism with diverse symbiotic microorganisms, which maintain the stability of physiological functions. This study compared the responses of symbiotic microorganisms and host metabolism in a common coral species, Pavona minuta, under indoor simulated thermal and cold temperatures. The results showed that abnormal temperature stresses had unfavorable impact on the phenotypes of corals, resulting in bleaching and color change. The compositions of symbiotic bacteria and dinoflagellate communities only presented tiny changes under temperature stresses. However, some rare symbiotic members have been showed to be significantly influenced by water temperatures. Finally, by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS) method, we found that different temperature stresses had very different impacts on the metabolism of coral holobiont. The thermal and cold stresses induced the decrease of anti-oxidation metabolites, several monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDGs), and the increase of lipotoxic metabolite, 10-oxo-nonadecanoic acid, in the coral holobiont, respectively. Our study indicated the response patterns of symbiotic microorganisms and host metabolism in coral to the thermal and cold stresses, providing theoretical data for the adaptation and evolution of coral to a different climate in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Liang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.L.); (H.S.); (W.H.); (G.W.)
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Nanning 530004, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (W.L.); (Y.X.); (J.C.); (C.D.); (R.G.)
| | - Wenwen Luo
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (W.L.); (Y.X.); (J.C.); (C.D.); (R.G.)
| | - Kefu Yu
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.L.); (H.S.); (W.H.); (G.W.)
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Nanning 530004, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (W.L.); (Y.X.); (J.C.); (C.D.); (R.G.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519080, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-771-3231358
| | - Yongqian Xu
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (W.L.); (Y.X.); (J.C.); (C.D.); (R.G.)
| | - Jinni Chen
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (W.L.); (Y.X.); (J.C.); (C.D.); (R.G.)
| | - Chuanqi Deng
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (W.L.); (Y.X.); (J.C.); (C.D.); (R.G.)
| | - Ruiqi Ge
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (W.L.); (Y.X.); (J.C.); (C.D.); (R.G.)
| | - Hongfei Su
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.L.); (H.S.); (W.H.); (G.W.)
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Nanning 530004, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (W.L.); (Y.X.); (J.C.); (C.D.); (R.G.)
| | - Wen Huang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.L.); (H.S.); (W.H.); (G.W.)
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Nanning 530004, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (W.L.); (Y.X.); (J.C.); (C.D.); (R.G.)
| | - Guanghua Wang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.L.); (H.S.); (W.H.); (G.W.)
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Nanning 530004, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (W.L.); (Y.X.); (J.C.); (C.D.); (R.G.)
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Chapron L, Galand PE, Pruski AM, Peru E, Vétion G, Robin S, Lartaud F. Resilience of cold-water coral holobionts to thermal stress. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20212117. [PMID: 34905712 PMCID: PMC8670956 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold-water corals are threatened by global warming, especially in the Mediterranean Sea where they live close to their upper known thermal limit (i.e. 13°C), yet their response to rising temperatures is not well known. Here, temperature effects on Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata holobionts (i.e. the host and its associated microbiome) were investigated. We found that at warmer seawater temperature (+2°C), L. pertusa showed a modification of its microbiome prior to a change in behaviour, leading to lower energy reserves and skeletal growth, whereas M. oculata was more resilient. At extreme temperature (+4°C), both species quickly lost their specific bacterial signature followed by lower physiological activity prior to death. In addition, our results showing the holobionts' negative response to colder temperatures (-3°C), suggest that Mediterranean corals live close to their thermal optimum. The species-specific response to temperature change highlights that global warming may affect dramatically the main deep-sea reef-builders, which would alter the associated biodiversity and related ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Chapron
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques, LECOB, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650, Banyuls/Mer, France
| | - Pierre E. Galand
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques, LECOB, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650, Banyuls/Mer, France
| | - Audrey M. Pruski
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques, LECOB, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650, Banyuls/Mer, France
| | - Erwan Peru
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques, LECOB, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650, Banyuls/Mer, France
| | - Gilles Vétion
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques, LECOB, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650, Banyuls/Mer, France
| | - Sarah Robin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques, LECOB, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650, Banyuls/Mer, France
| | - Franck Lartaud
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques, LECOB, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650, Banyuls/Mer, France
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Wen C, Wei S, Zong X, Wang Y, Jin M. Microbiota-gut-brain axis and nutritional strategy under heat stress. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:1329-1336. [PMID: 34786505 PMCID: PMC8570956 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress is a very universal stress event in recent years. Various lines of evidence in the past literatures indicate that gut microbiota composition is susceptible to variable temperature. A varied microbiota is necessary for optimal regulation of host signaling pathways and disrupting microbiota-host homeostasis that induces disease pathology. The microbiota–gut–brain axis involves an interactive mode of communication between the microbes colonizing the gut and brain function. This review summarizes the effects of heat stress on intestinal function and microbiota–gut–brain axis. Heat stress negatively affects intestinal immunity and barrier functions. Microbiota-gut-brain axis is involved in the homeostasis of the gut microbiota, at the same time, heat stress affects the metabolites of microbiota which could alter the function of microbiota–gut–brain axis. We aim to bridge the evidence that the microbiota is adapted to survive and thrive in an extreme environment. Additionally, nutritional strategies for alleviating intestinal heat stress are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyue Wen
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Siyu Wei
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Zong
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Zhu W, Xia J, Ren Y, Xie M, Yin H, Liu X, Huang J, Zhu M, Li X. Coastal corals during heat stress and eutrophication: A case study in Northwest Hainan coastal areas. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 173:113048. [PMID: 34678546 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study initially investigated the coral status during the unexpected bleaching event in three coastal areas in Northwest Hainan coastal areas and analyzed changes in coral holobionts of the healthy and bleached Galaxea fascicularis. Coral coverage had declined severely, and the bleaching rate was extremely high during heat stress. The bleached corals had lower maximum photosynthetic yield, actual photosynthetic yield, zooxanthellae density, and chlorophyll a content than the healthy G. fascicularis, but there was no significant difference in protein, carbohydrate and lipid in eutrophic waters. The diversity and community composition of Symbiodiniaceae and symbiotic bacteria between healthy and bleached G. fascicularis showed no difference. Function prediction of the symbiotic bacteria revealed that the metabolism process was the main pathway of annotation. Present findings suggested that energy reserve functioning and high stability of the holobiont structure and might provide opportunities to G. fascicularis to adapt to eutrophication and heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jingquan Xia
- College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yuxiao Ren
- College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Minrui Xie
- College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Hongyang Yin
- College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiangbo Liu
- College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jianzhong Huang
- College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiubao Li
- College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
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Pan Y, Kang P, Hu J, Song N. Bacterial community demonstrates stronger network connectivity than fungal community in desert-grassland salt marsh. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149118. [PMID: 34332392 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities is closely related to the soil characteristics and vegetation types in salt marsh ecosystems, but the biogeographic patterns and driving factors in desert-grassland salt marsh (DGSM) are still unclear. In this study, we divided sample plots according to the dominant species in Jiantan Lake wetland of a typical DGSM in Northwestern China. The effects of different environmental factors and halophytes on the structure of soil bacterial and fungal communities were investigated using soil physicochemical characterization and high-throughput sequencing analysis. The diversity of bacterial communities in bulk soil and three dominant halophytes (Kalidium cuspidatum, Nitraria tangutorum and Sophora alopecuroides) were the main factors affecting soil physicochemical properties and halophyte vegetation coverage. Proteobacteria, Bacteroides and Gemmatimonadetes had the highest abundance in bulk soil and the lowest in Sophora alopecuroides sample soil; the opposite was true for Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi. The abundance of Ascomycota in bulk soil and Sophora alopecuroides sample soil was higher than Kalidium cuspidatum and Nitraria tangutorum sample soils, whereas the Mortierellomycota was the highest in Nitraria tangutorum sample soil. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that halophyte cover increased the connectivity and complexity of the bacterial-fungal interaction network, and the halophytic shrub sample soil had a more stable network relationship than the halophytic herb soil. The key taxa of each plot were identified through network relationships. It was found that the keystone taxa of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Ascomycota and Chytridiomycota played important roles in maintaining community functions, and most of them were not significantly influenced by soil physicochemical properties. The results of this study provide new insights for a deeper understanding of the halophytes that drive the multifunctionality and stability of soil ecosystems in DGSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Pan
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China; Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration of Northwest China, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China; Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwest China, Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Peng Kang
- College of Biological Sciences and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory for the Development and Application of Microbial Resources in Extreme Environments, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jinpeng Hu
- College of Biological Sciences and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Naiping Song
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China; Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration of Northwest China, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China; Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwest China, Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
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Contrasting microbiome dynamics of putative denitrifying bacteria in two octocoral species exposed to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and warming. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 88:e0188621. [PMID: 34788073 PMCID: PMC8788706 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01886-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutualistic nutrient cycling in the coral-algae symbiosis depends on limited nitrogen (N) availability for algal symbionts. Denitrifying prokaryotes capable of reducing nitrate or nitrite to dinitrogen could thus support coral holobiont functioning by limiting N availability. Octocorals show some of the highest denitrification rates among reef organisms; however, little is known about the community structures of associated denitrifiers and their response to environmental fluctuations. Combining 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing with nirS in-silico PCR and quantitative PCR, we found differences in bacterial community dynamics between two octocorals exposed to excess dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and concomitant warming. Although bacterial communities of the gorgonian Pinnigorgia flava remained largely unaffected by DOC and warming, the soft coral Xenia umbellata exhibited a pronounced shift toward Alphaproteobacteria dominance under excess DOC. Likewise, the relative abundance of denitrifiers was not altered in P. flava but decreased by 1 order of magnitude in X. umbellata under excess DOC, likely due to decreased proportions of Ruegeria spp. Given that holobiont C:N ratios remained stable in P. flava but showed a pronounced increase with excess DOC in X. umbellata, our results suggest that microbial community dynamics may reflect the nutritional status of the holobiont. Hence, denitrifier abundance may be directly linked to N availability. This suggests a passive regulation of N cycling microbes based on N availability, which could help stabilize nutrient limitation in the coral-algal symbiosis and thereby support holobiont functioning in a changing environment. IMPORTANCE Octocorals are important members of reef-associated benthic communities that can rapidly replace scleractinian corals as the dominant ecosystem engineers on degraded reefs. Considering the substantial change in the (a)biotic environment that is commonly driving reef degradation, maintaining a dynamic and metabolically diverse microbial community might contribute to octocoral acclimatization. Nitrogen (N) cycling microbes, in particular denitrifying prokaryotes, may support holobiont functioning by limiting internal N availability, but little is known about the identity and (a)biotic drivers of octocoral-associated denitrifiers. Here, we show contrasting dynamics of bacterial communities associated with two common octocoral species, the soft coral Xenia umbellata and the gorgonian Pinnigorgia flava after a 6-week exposure to excess dissolved organic carbon under concomitant warming conditions. The specific responses of denitrifier communities of the two octocoral species aligned with the nutritional status of holobiont members. This suggests a passive regulation based on N availability in the coral holobiont.
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Müller MN, Yogui GT, Gálvez AO, Gustavo de Sales Jannuzzi L, Fidelis de Souza Filho J, de Jesus Flores Montes M, Mendes de Castro Melo PA, Neumann-Leitão S, Zanardi-Lamardo E. Cellular accumulation of crude oil compounds reduces the competitive fitness of the coral symbiont Symbiodinium glynnii. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117938. [PMID: 34391045 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oil spill events in the marine environment can have a deleterious impact on the affected ecosystems, such as coral reefs, with direct consequences for their socioeconomic value. The mutualistic relationship between tropical corals and their dinoflagellate symbionts (Symbiodiniaceae) provide structural and nutritional basis for a high local biodiversity in oligotrophic waters. Here, we investigated effects of crude oil water-accommodated fraction on the competitive fitness of the model zooxanthellae species Symbiodinium glynnii. Results of laboratory essays demonstrate that crude oil carbon is incorporated into the cellular biomass with a concomitant change of δ13C isotopic value. Carcinogenic/mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were identified in the culture media and were responsible for a linear reduction in population growth of S. glynnii, presumably related to energy relocation for DNA repair. Additionally, the experiments revealed that physiological effects induced by crude oil compounds are genetically inherited by the following generations under non-contaminated growth conditions, and induce a reduction in the competitive fitness to cope with other environmental parameters, such as low salinity. We suggest that the effects of crude oil contamination represent an imparing factor for S. glynnii coping with anthropogenic drivers (e.g. warming and acidification) and interfere with the delicate symbiont-host relationship of tropical corals. This is especially relevant in the coastal areas of northeastern Brazil where an oil spill event deposited crude oil on shallow water sediments with the potential to be resuspended to the water column by physical and/or biological activity, enhancing the risk of future coral bleaching events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Nils Müller
- Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, 50740-550, Brazil.
| | - Gilvan Takeshi Yogui
- Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, 50740-550, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Olivera Gálvez
- Department of Fishing and Aquaculture, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Sigrid Neumann-Leitão
- Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, 50740-550, Brazil
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Haydon TD, Seymour JR, Raina JB, Edmondson J, Siboni N, Matthews JL, Camp EF, Suggett DJ. Rapid Shifts in Bacterial Communities and Homogeneity of Symbiodiniaceae in Colonies of Pocillopora acuta Transplanted Between Reef and Mangrove Environments. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:756091. [PMID: 34759906 PMCID: PMC8575411 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.756091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that an effective approach for predicting whether and how reef-forming corals persist under future climate change is to examine populations thriving in present day extreme environments, such as mangrove lagoons, where water temperatures can exceed those of reef environments by more than 3°C, pH levels are more acidic (pH < 7.9, often below 7.6) and O2 concentrations are regularly considered hypoxic (<2 mg/L). Defining the physiological features of these “extreme” corals, as well as their relationships with the, often symbiotic, organisms within their microbiome, could increase our understanding of how corals will persist into the future. To better understand coral-microbe relationships that potentially underpin coral persistence within extreme mangrove environments, we therefore conducted a 9-month reciprocal transplant experiment, whereby specimens of the coral Pocillopora acuta were transplanted between adjacent mangrove and reef sites on the northern Great Barrier Reef. Bacterial communities associated with P. acuta specimens native to the reef environment were dominated by Endozoicomonas, while Symbiodiniaceae communities were dominated by members of the Cladocopium genus. In contrast, P. acuta colonies native to the mangrove site exhibited highly diverse bacterial communities with no dominating members, and Symbiodiniaceae communities dominated by Durusdinium. All corals survived for 9 months after being transplanted from reef-to-mangrove, mangrove-to-reef environments (as well as control within environment transplants), and during this time there were significant changes in the bacterial communities, but not in the Symbiodiniaceae communities or their photo-physiological functioning. In reef-to-mangrove transplanted corals, there were varied, but sometimes rapid shifts in the associated bacterial communities, including a loss of “core” bacterial members after 9 months where coral bacterial communities began to resemble those of the native mangrove corals. Bacterial communities associated with mangrove-to-reef P. acuta colonies also changed from their original composition, but remained different to the native reef corals. Our data demonstrates that P. acuta associated bacterial communities are strongly influenced by changes in environmental conditions, whereas Symbiodiniaceae associated communities remain highly stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent D Haydon
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin R Seymour
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Nachshon Siboni
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Emma F Camp
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - David J Suggett
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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Dubé CE, Ziegler M, Mercière A, Boissin E, Planes S, Bourmaud CAF, Voolstra CR. Naturally occurring fire coral clones demonstrate a genetic and environmental basis of microbiome composition. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6402. [PMID: 34737272 PMCID: PMC8568919 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coral microbiomes are critical to holobiont functioning, but much remains to be understood about how prevailing environment and host genotype affect microbial communities in ecosystems. Resembling human identical twin studies, we examined bacterial community differences of naturally occurring fire coral clones within and between contrasting reef habitats to assess the relative contribution of host genotype and environment to microbiome structure. Bacterial community composition of coral clones differed between reef habitats, highlighting the contribution of the environment. Similarly, but to a lesser extent, microbiomes varied across different genotypes in identical habitats, denoting the influence of host genotype. Predictions of genomic function based on taxonomic profiles suggest that environmentally determined taxa supported a functional restructuring of the microbial metabolic network. In contrast, bacteria determined by host genotype seemed to be functionally redundant. Our study suggests microbiome flexibility as a mechanism of environmental adaptation with association of different bacterial taxa partially dependent on host genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. E. Dubé
- grid.11642.300000 0001 2111 2608UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, UR-IRD-CNRS-UNC-IFREMER, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, 97744 Saint-Denis Cedex, La Réunion France ,grid.11136.340000 0001 2192 5916PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France ,Laboratoire d’Excellence “CORAIL”, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea French Polynesia ,grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec City, G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - M. Ziegler
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 IFZ, 35392 Giessen, Germany ,grid.45672.320000 0001 1926 5090Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Mercière
- grid.11136.340000 0001 2192 5916PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France ,Laboratoire d’Excellence “CORAIL”, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea French Polynesia
| | - E. Boissin
- grid.11136.340000 0001 2192 5916PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France ,Laboratoire d’Excellence “CORAIL”, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea French Polynesia
| | - S. Planes
- grid.11136.340000 0001 2192 5916PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France ,Laboratoire d’Excellence “CORAIL”, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea French Polynesia
| | - C. A. -F. Bourmaud
- grid.11642.300000 0001 2111 2608UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, UR-IRD-CNRS-UNC-IFREMER, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, 97744 Saint-Denis Cedex, La Réunion France ,Laboratoire d’Excellence “CORAIL”, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea French Polynesia
| | - C. R. Voolstra
- grid.45672.320000 0001 1926 5090Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955 Saudi Arabia ,grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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Morrissey KL, Iveša L, Delva S, D'Hondt S, Willems A, De Clerck O. Impacts of environmental stress on resistance and resilience of algal-associated bacterial communities. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:15004-15019. [PMID: 34765156 PMCID: PMC8571626 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Algal-associated bacteria are fundamental to the ecological success of marine green macroalgae such as Caulerpa. The resistance and resilience of algal-associated microbiota to environmental stress can promote algal health and genetic adaptation to changing environments. The composition of bacterial communities has been shown to be unique to algal morphological niches. Therefore, the level of response to various environmental perturbations may in fact be different for each niche-specific community. Factorial in situ experiments were set up to investigate the effect of nutrient enrichment and temperature stress on the bacterial communities associated with Caulerpa cylindracea. Bacteria were characterized using the 16S rRNA gene, and the community compositions were compared between different parts of the algal thallus (endo-, epi-, and rhizomicrobiome). Resistance and resilience were calculated to further understand the changes of microbial composition in response to perturbations. The results of this study provide evidence that nutrient enrichment has a significant influence on the taxonomic and functional structure of the epimicrobiota, with a low community resistance index observed for both. Temperature and nutrient stress had a significant effect on the rhizomicrobiota taxonomic composition, exhibiting the lowest overall resistance to change. The functional performance of the rhizomicrobiota had low resilience to the combination of stressors, indicating potential additive effects. Interestingly, the endomicrobiota had the highest overall resistance, yet the lowest overall resilience to environmental stress. This further contributes to our understanding of algal microbiome dynamics in response to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ljiljana Iveša
- Center for Marine ResearchRuđer Bošković InstituteRovinjCroatia
| | - Soria Delva
- Phycology Research GroupDepartment of BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Sofie D'Hondt
- Phycology Research GroupDepartment of BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Anne Willems
- Laboratory of MicrobiologyDepartment of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Olivier De Clerck
- Phycology Research GroupDepartment of BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
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Yu X, Yu K, Liao Z, Chen B, Deng C, Yu J, Yao Q, Qin Z, Liang J. Seasonal fluctuations in symbiotic bacteria and their role in environmental adaptation of the scleractinian coral Acropora pruinosa in high-latitude coral reef area of the South China Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148438. [PMID: 34153755 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coral-associated bacterial communities are paramount for coral ecosystems and holobiont health. However, the role of symbiotic bacteria in the adaptation of high-latitude corals to seasonal fluctuations remains underexplored. Therefore, we used 16S rRNA-based high-throughput sequencing to analyze the symbiotic bacterial diversity, composition, and core bacterial community in high-latitude coral and explored the seasonal fluctuation characteristics of symbiotic bacterial communities. We found that bacterial richness and α-diversity changed significantly across different seasons. Additionally, the community structure recombined seasonally, with different dominant bacterial phyla and genera in different seasons. However, the symbiotic bacterial community structures of Acropora pruinosa in winter and spring were similar. Proteobacteria were the dominant bacteria in spring, autumn, and winter. In summer, the dominant bacterial taxa were Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria. Ralstonia was the dominant bacterial genus in spring and winter, whereas in autumn, BD1-7_clade was dominant. Linear discriminant analysis effect size identified 20 abundant genera between the different groups. Core microbiome analysis revealed that 12 core bacterial operational taxonomic units were associated with A. pruinosa in all seasons, seven of which varied with the seasons, changing between dominant and rare. Distance-based redundancy and variation partitioning analyses revealed that sea surface temperature was the major contributor of variation in the microbial community structure. We hypothesized that the high diversity and abundance of symbiotic bacteria and the increase in Prosthecochloris abundance in coral in summer can help A. pruinosa maintain its physiological functions, ameliorating the negative physiological effects of the decrease in Symbiodiniaceae density under high-temperature stress. Thus, the rapid reorganization of the symbiotic bacterial community structure and core microflora in different seasons may allow the corals to adapt to large seasonal environmental fluctuations. In conclusion, seasonal variation of bacteria plays an important role in coral adaptation to large environmental fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Yu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Kefu Yu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China.
| | - Zhiheng Liao
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Biao Chen
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Chuanqi Deng
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiaoyang Yu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiucui Yao
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhenjun Qin
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiayuan Liang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Avila-Magaña V, Kamel B, DeSalvo M, Gómez-Campo K, Enríquez S, Kitano H, Rohlfs RV, Iglesias-Prieto R, Medina M. Elucidating gene expression adaptation of phylogenetically divergent coral holobionts under heat stress. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5731. [PMID: 34593802 PMCID: PMC8484447 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25950-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As coral reefs struggle to survive under climate change, it is crucial to know whether they have the capacity to withstand changing conditions, particularly increasing seawater temperatures. Thermal tolerance requires the integrative response of the different components of the coral holobiont (coral host, algal photosymbiont, and associated microbiome). Here, using a controlled thermal stress experiment across three divergent Caribbean coral species, we attempt to dissect holobiont member metatranscriptome responses from coral taxa with different sensitivities to heat stress and use phylogenetic ANOVA to study the evolution of gene expression adaptation. We show that coral response to heat stress is a complex trait derived from multiple interactions among holobiont members. We identify host and photosymbiont genes that exhibit lineage-specific expression level adaptation and uncover potential roles for bacterial associates in supplementing the metabolic needs of the coral-photosymbiont duo during heat stress. Our results stress the importance of integrative and comparative approaches across a wide range of species to better understand coral survival under the predicted rise in sea surface temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viridiana Avila-Magaña
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Biology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA ,grid.266190.a0000000096214564Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Bishoy Kamel
- grid.266832.b0000 0001 2188 8502Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA ,grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Present Address: US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Michael DeSalvo
- grid.266096.d0000 0001 0049 1282School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA USA ,grid.418190.50000 0001 2187 0556Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA USA
| | - Kelly Gómez-Campo
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Biology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Susana Enríquez
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales Puerto Morelos, ICMyL, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cancún, Mexico
| | - Hiroaki Kitano
- grid.452864.9The Systems Biology Institute, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.250464.10000 0000 9805 2626Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Rori V. Rohlfs
- grid.263091.f0000000106792318Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Roberto Iglesias-Prieto
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Biology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Mónica Medina
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Biology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
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Cross-Linked Regulation of Coral-Associated Dinoflagellates and Bacteria in Pocillopora sp. during High-Temperature Stress and Recovery. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091972. [PMID: 34576867 PMCID: PMC8468813 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As the problem of ocean warming worsens, the environmental adaptation potential of symbiotic Symbiodiniaceae and bacteria is directly related to the future and fate of corals. This study aimed to analyse the comprehensive community dynamics and physiology of these two groups of organisms in the coral Pocillopora sp. through indoor simulations of heat stress (which involved manually adjusting the temperature between both 26 °C and 34 °C). Heat treatment (≥30 °C) significantly reduced the abundance of Symbiodiniaceae and bacteria by more than 70%. After the temperature was returned to 26 °C for one month, the Symbiodiniaceae density was still low, while the absolute number of bacteria quickly recovered to 55% of that of the control. At this time point, the Fv/Fm value rose to 91% of the pretemperature value. The content of chlorophyll b associated with Cyanobacteria increased by 50% compared with that under the control conditions. Moreover, analysis of the Symbiodiniaceae subclade composition suggested that the relative abundance of C1c.C45, C1, and C1ca increased during heat treatment, indicating that they might constitute heat-resistant subgroups. We suggest that the increase in the absolute number of bacteria during the recovery period could be an important indicator of coral holobiont recovery after heat stress. This study provides insight into the cross-linked regulation of key symbiotic microbes in the coral Pocillopora sp. during high-temperature stress and recovery and provides a scientific basis for exploring the mechanism underlying coral adaptation to global warming.
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128
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Wen C, Li S, Wang J, Zhu Y, Zong X, Wang Y, Jin M. Heat Stress Alters the Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolomic Profiles in Mice. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:706772. [PMID: 34512584 PMCID: PMC8430895 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.706772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heat stress has negative effects on the intestinal health of humans and animals. However, the impact of heat stress on intestinal microbial and metabolic changes remains elusive. Here, we investigated the cecal microbial and metabolic profiles in mice in response to heat stress. Methods The mouse heat stress model was constructed by simulating a high-temperature environment. Twenty mice were randomly assigned to two groups, the control group (CON, 25°C) and the heat treatment group (HS, 40°C from 13:00 to 15:00 every day for 7 days). Serum and cecal contents were collected from the mice for serum biochemical analysis, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, and non-targeted metabolomics. Results Both core body temperature and water intake were significantly increased in the HS group. Serum biochemical indicators were also affected, including significantly increased triglyceride and decreased low-density lipoprotein in the heat stress group. The composition and structure of intestinal microbiota were remarkably altered in the HS group. At the species level, the relative abundance of Candidatus Arthromitus sp. SFB-mouse-Japan and Lactobacillus murinus significantly reduced, while that of Lachnospiraceae bacterium 3-1 obviously increased after HS. Metabolomic analysis of the cecal contents clearly distinguished metabolite changes between the groups. The significantly different metabolites identified were mainly involved in the fatty acid synthesis, purine metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, cyanoamino acid metabolism, glyceride metabolism, and plasmalogen synthesis. Conclusion In summary, high temperature disrupted the homeostatic balance of the intestinal microbiota in mice and also induced significant alterations in intestinal metabolites. This study provides a basis for treating intestinal disorders caused by elevated temperature in humans and animals and can further formulate nutritional countermeasures to reduce heat stress-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyue Wen
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Zong
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
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Meunier V, Geissler L, Bonnet S, Rädecker N, Perna G, Grosso O, Lambert C, Rodolfo-Metalpa R, Voolstra CR, Houlbrèque F. Microbes support enhanced nitrogen requirements of coral holobionts in a high CO 2 environment. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:5888-5899. [PMID: 34473860 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ocean acidification is posing a threat to calcifying organisms due to the increased energy requirements of calcification under high CO2 conditions. The ability of scleractinian corals to cope with future ocean conditions will thus depend on their ability to fulfil their carbon requirement. However, the primary productivity of coral holobionts is limited by low nitrogen (N) availability in coral reef waters. Here, we employed CO2 seeps of Tutum Bay (Papua New Guinea) as a natural laboratory to understand how coral holobionts offset their increased energy requirements under high CO2 conditions. Our results demonstrate for the first time that under high pCO2 conditions, N assimilation pathways of Pocillopora damicornis are jointly modified. We found that diazotroph-derived N assimilation rates in the Symbiodiniaceae were significantly higher in comparison to an ambient CO2 control site, concomitant with a restructured diazotroph community and the specific prevalence of an alpha-proteobacterium. Further, corals at the high CO2 site also had increased feeding rates on picoplankton and in particular exhibited selective feeding on Synechococcus sp., known to be rich in N. Given the high abundance of picoplankton in oligotrophic waters at large, our results suggest that corals exhibiting flexible diazotrophic communities and capable of exploiting N-rich picoplankton sources to offset their increased N requirements may be able to cope better in a high pCO2 world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Meunier
- Centre IRD Nouméa, UMR ENTROPIE (IRD, Université de La Réunion, CNRS, Université de La Nouvelle-Calédonie, Ifremer), Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Laura Geissler
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Sophie Bonnet
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, Marseille, France
| | - Nils Rädecker
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Perna
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Olivier Grosso
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, Marseille, France
| | | | - Riccardo Rodolfo-Metalpa
- Centre IRD Nouméa, UMR ENTROPIE (IRD, Université de La Réunion, CNRS, Université de La Nouvelle-Calédonie, Ifremer), Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | | | - Fanny Houlbrèque
- Centre IRD Nouméa, UMR ENTROPIE (IRD, Université de La Réunion, CNRS, Université de La Nouvelle-Calédonie, Ifremer), Nouméa, New Caledonia
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130
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Briggs AA, Brown AL, Osenberg CW. Local versus site-level effects of algae on coral microbial communities. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:210035. [PMID: 34540243 PMCID: PMC8441125 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microbes influence ecological processes, including the dynamics and health of macro-organisms and their interactions with other species. In coral reefs, microbes mediate negative effects of algae on corals when corals are in contact with algae. However, it is unknown whether these effects extend to larger spatial scales, such as at sites with high algal densities. We investigated how local algal contact and site-level macroalgal cover influenced coral microbial communities in a field study at two islands in French Polynesia, Mo'orea and Mangareva. At 5 sites at each island, we sampled prokaryotic microbial communities (microbiomes) associated with corals, macroalgae, turf algae and water, with coral samples taken from individuals that were isolated from or in contact with turf or macroalgae. Algal contact and macroalgal cover had antagonistic effects on coral microbiome alpha and beta diversity. Additionally, coral microbiomes shifted and became more similar to macroalgal microbiomes at sites with high macroalgal cover and with algal contact, although the microbial taxa that changed varied by island. Our results indicate that coral microbiomes can be affected by algae outside of the coral's immediate vicinity, and local- and site-level effects of algae can obscure each other's effects when both scales are not considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A. Briggs
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Anya L. Brown
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, USA
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131
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Henry LP, Bruijning M, Forsberg SKG, Ayroles JF. The microbiome extends host evolutionary potential. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5141. [PMID: 34446709 PMCID: PMC8390463 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiome shapes many host traits, yet the biology of microbiomes challenges traditional evolutionary models. Here, we illustrate how integrating the microbiome into quantitative genetics can help untangle complexities of host-microbiome evolution. We describe two general ways in which the microbiome may affect host evolutionary potential: by shifting the mean host phenotype and by changing the variance in host phenotype in the population. We synthesize the literature across diverse taxa and discuss how these scenarios could shape the host response to selection. We conclude by outlining key avenues of research to improve our understanding of the complex interplay between hosts and microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas P. Henry
- grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA ,grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - Marjolein Bruijning
- grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - Simon K. G. Forsberg
- grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA ,grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA ,grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Julien F. Ayroles
- grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA ,grid.16750.350000 0001 2097 5006Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA
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132
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Maire J, van Oppen MJH. A role for bacterial experimental evolution in coral bleaching mitigation? Trends Microbiol 2021; 30:217-228. [PMID: 34429226 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Coral reefs are rapidly declining because of widespread mass coral bleaching causing extensive coral mortality. Elevated seawater temperatures are the main drivers of coral bleaching, and climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of destructive marine heatwaves. Efforts to enhance coral thermal bleaching tolerance can be targeted at the coral host or at coral-associated microorganisms (e.g., dinoflagellate endosymbionts and bacteria). The literature on experimental evolution of bacteria suggests that it has value as a tool to increase coral climate resilience. We provide a workflow on how to experimentally evolve coral-associated bacteria to confer thermal tolerance to coral hosts and emphasize the value of implementing this approach in coral reef conservation and restoration efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Maire
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Madeleine J H van Oppen
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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133
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Identifying fungal-host associations in an amphibian host system. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256328. [PMID: 34411153 PMCID: PMC8376043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Host-associated microbes can interact with macro-organisms in a number of ways that affect host health. Few studies of host-associated microbiomes, however, focus on fungi. In addition, it is difficult to discern whether a fungal organism found in or on an ectotherm host is associating with it in a durable, symbiotic interaction versus a transient one, and to what extent the habitat and host share microbes. We seek to identify these host-microbe interactions on an amphibian, the Colorado boreal toad (Anaxyrus boreas boreas). We sequenced the ITS1 region of the fungal community on the skin of wild toads (n = 124) from four sites in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, across its physiologically dynamic developmental life stages. We also sampled the common habitats used by boreal toads: water from their natal wetland and aquatic pond sediment. We then examined diversity patterns within different life stages, between host and habitat, and identified fungal taxa that could be putatively host-associated with toads by using an indicator species analysis on toad versus environmental samples. Host and habitat were strikingly similar, with the exception of toad eggs. Post-hatching toad life stages were distinct in their various fungal diversity measures. We identified eight fungal taxa that were significantly associated with eggs, but no other fungal taxa were associated with other toad life stages compared with their environmental habitat. This suggests that although pre- and post-metamorphic toad life stages differ from each other, the habitat and host fungal communities are so similar that identifying obligate host symbionts is difficult with the techniques used here. This approach does, however, leverage sequence data from host and habitat samples to predict which microbial taxa are host-associated versus transient microbes, thereby condensing a large set of sequence data into a smaller list of potential targets for further consideration.
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134
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Voolstra CR, Valenzuela JJ, Turkarslan S, Cárdenas A, Hume BCC, Perna G, Buitrago-López C, Rowe K, Orellana MV, Baliga NS, Paranjape S, Banc-Prandi G, Bellworthy J, Fine M, Frias-Torres S, Barshis DJ. Contrasting heat stress response patterns of coral holobionts across the Red Sea suggest distinct mechanisms of thermal tolerance. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:4466-4480. [PMID: 34342082 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Corals from the northern Red Sea, in particular the Gulf of Aqaba (GoA), have exceptionally high bleaching thresholds approaching >5℃ above their maximum monthly mean (MMM) temperatures. These elevated thresholds are thought to be due to historical selection, as corals passed through the warmer Southern Red Sea during recolonization from the Arabian Sea. To test this hypothesis, we determined thermal tolerance thresholds of GoA versus central Red Sea (CRS) Stylophora pistillata corals using multi-temperature acute thermal stress assays to determine thermal thresholds. Relative thermal thresholds of GoA and CRS corals were indeed similar and exceptionally high (~7℃ above MMM). However, absolute thermal thresholds of CRS corals were on average 3℃ above those of GoA corals. To explore the molecular underpinnings, we determined gene expression and microbiome response of the coral holobiont. Transcriptomic responses differed markedly, with a strong response to the thermal stress in GoA corals and their symbiotic algae versus a remarkably muted response in CRS colonies. Concomitant to this, coral and algal genes showed temperature-induced expression in GoA corals, while exhibiting fixed high expression (front-loading) in CRS corals. Bacterial community composition of GoA corals changed dramatically under heat stress, whereas CRS corals displayed stable assemblages. We interpret the response of GoA corals as that of a resilient population approaching a tipping point in contrast to a pattern of consistently elevated thermal resistance in CRS corals that cannot further attune. Such response differences suggest distinct thermal tolerance mechanisms that may affect the response of coral populations to ocean warming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anny Cárdenas
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Gabriela Perna
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Katherine Rowe
- School of Science, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Monica V Orellana
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, USA.,Polar Science Center, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Nitin S Baliga
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, USA.,Departments of Biology and Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA
| | | | - Guilhem Banc-Prandi
- The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences (IUI), Eilat, Israel.,The Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Jessica Bellworthy
- The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences (IUI), Eilat, Israel.,The Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Maoz Fine
- The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences (IUI), Eilat, Israel.,The Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | - Daniel J Barshis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, USA
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135
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Kitamura R, Miura N, Ito M, Takagi T, Yamashiro H, Nishikawa Y, Nishimura Y, Kobayashi K, Kataoka M. Specific Detection of Coral-Associated Ruegeria, a Potential Probiotic Bacterium, in Corals and Subtropical Seawater. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 23:576-589. [PMID: 34275003 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coral microbial flora has been attracting attention because of their potential to protect corals from environmental stresses or pathogens. Although coral-associated bacteria are considered to be acquired from seawater, little is known about the relationships between microbial composition in corals and its surrounding seawater. Here, we tested several methods to identify coral-associated bacteria in coral and its surrounding seawater to detect specific types of Ruegeria species, some of which exhibit growth inhibition activities against the coral pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus. We first isolated coral-associated bacteria from the reef-building coral Galaxea fascicularis collected at Sesoko Island, Okinawa, Japan, via random colony picking, which showed the existence of varieties of bacteria including Ruegeria species. Using newly constructed primers for colony PCR, several Ruegeria species were successfully isolated from G. fascicularis and seawater. We further investigated the seawater microbiome in association with the distance from coral reefs. By seasonal sampling, it was suggested that the seawater microbiome is more affected by seasonality than the distance from coral reefs. These methods and results may contribute to investigating and understanding the relationships between the presence of corals and microbial diversity in seawater, in addition to the efficient isolation of specific bacterial species from coral or its surrounding seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruriko Kitamura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Natsuko Miura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Michihiro Ito
- Center of Molecular Biosciences, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takagi
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8564, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamashiro
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, Sesoko Station, University of the Ryukyus, Motobu, 905-0227, Japan
| | - Yumi Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yuna Nishimura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Keita Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Michihiko Kataoka
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan
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136
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Santoro EP, Borges RM, Espinoza JL, Freire M, Messias CSMA, Villela HDM, Pereira LM, Vilela CLS, Rosado JG, Cardoso PM, Rosado PM, Assis JM, Duarte GAS, Perna G, Rosado AS, Macrae A, Dupont CL, Nelson KE, Sweet MJ, Voolstra CR, Peixoto RS. Coral microbiome manipulation elicits metabolic and genetic restructuring to mitigate heat stress and evade mortality. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/33/eabg3088. [PMID: 34389536 PMCID: PMC8363143 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg3088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial microorganisms for corals (BMCs) ameliorate environmental stress, but whether they can prevent mortality and the underlying host response mechanisms remains elusive. Here, we conducted omics analyses on the coral Mussismilia hispida exposed to bleaching conditions in a long-term mesocosm experiment and inoculated with a selected BMC consortium or a saline solution placebo. All corals were affected by heat stress, but the observed "post-heat stress disorder" was mitigated by BMCs, signified by patterns of dimethylsulfoniopropionate degradation, lipid maintenance, and coral host transcriptional reprogramming of cellular restructuration, repair, stress protection, and immune genes, concomitant with a 40% survival rate increase and stable photosynthetic performance by the endosymbiotic algae. This study provides insights into the responses that underlie probiotic host manipulation. We demonstrate that BMCs trigger a dynamic microbiome restructuring process that instigates genetic and metabolic alterations in the coral host that eventually mitigate coral bleaching and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika P Santoro
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo M Borges
- Walter Mors Institute of Research on Natural Products, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Josh L Espinoza
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Marcelo Freire
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Camila S M A Messias
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helena D M Villela
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro M Pereira
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caren L S Vilela
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João G Rosado
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pedro M Cardoso
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Phillipe M Rosado
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Assis
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A S Duarte
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Perna
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78457, Germany
| | - Alexandre S Rosado
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrew Macrae
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christopher L Dupont
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karen E Nelson
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Sweet
- Aquatic Research Facility, Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Christian R Voolstra
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78457, Germany
| | - Raquel S Peixoto
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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137
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Hackerott S, Martell HA, Eirin-Lopez JM. Coral environmental memory: causes, mechanisms, and consequences for future reefs. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 36:1011-1023. [PMID: 34366170 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The apparent ability of corals to acquire and maintain enhanced stress tolerance through a dose-dependent environmental memory, which may persist for multiple years, has critical implications for coral reef conservation research. Such responses are variable across coral species and environmental stressors, with primed corals exhibiting a modified response to secondary stress exposures. While the mechanisms underlying coral memory responses are poorly understood, they likely involve both the coral host and microbiome. With advances in molecular technologies, it is now possible to investigate potential memory mechanisms in non-model organisms, including transcriptional regulation through epigenetic modifications. We integrate evidence of coral environmental memory and suggest future research directions to evaluate the potential for this process to enhance coral resilience under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Hackerott
- Environmental Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Environment, Biological Sciences Department, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA
| | - Harmony A Martell
- Climate and Coastal Ecosystem Laboratory, Department of Geography & Institute of Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jose M Eirin-Lopez
- Environmental Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Environment, Biological Sciences Department, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA.
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138
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Dungan AM, Bulach D, Lin H, van Oppen MJH, Blackall LL. Development of a free radical scavenging bacterial consortium to mitigate oxidative stress in cnidarians. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:2025-2040. [PMID: 34259383 PMCID: PMC8449677 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Corals are colonized by symbiotic microorganisms that profoundly influence the animal’s health. One noted symbiont is a single‐celled alga (in the dinoflagellate family Symbiodiniaceae), which provides the coral with most of its fixed carbon. Thermal stress increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by Symbiodiniaceae during photosynthesis. ROS can both damage the algal symbiont’s photosynthetic machinery and inhibit its repair, causing a positive feedback loop for the toxic accumulation of ROS. If not scavenged by the antioxidant network, excess ROS may trigger a signaling cascade ending with the coral host and algal symbiont disassociating in a process known as bleaching. We use Exaiptasia diaphana as a model for corals and constructed a consortium comprised of E. diaphana–associated bacteria capable of neutralizing ROS. We identified six strains with high free radical scavenging (FRS) ability belonging to the families Alteromonadaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Flavobacteriaceae and Micrococcaceae. In parallel, we established a consortium of low FRS isolates consisting of genetically related strains. Bacterial whole genome sequences were used to identify key pathways that are known to influence ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Dungan
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Dieter Bulach
- Melbourne Bioinformatics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Heyu Lin
- School of Earth Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Madeleine J H van Oppen
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - Linda L Blackall
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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139
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Aeby GS, Shore A, Jensen T, Ziegler M, Work T, Voolstra CR. A comparative baseline of coral disease in three regions along the Saudi Arabian coast of the central Red Sea. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246854. [PMID: 34242223 PMCID: PMC8270217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Coral disease is a growing problem for coral reefs globally and diseases have been linked to thermal stress, excess nutrients, overfishing and other human impacts. The Red Sea is a unique environment for corals with a strong environmental gradient characterized by temperature extremes and high salinities, but minimal terrestrial runoff or riverine input and their associated pollution. Yet, relatively little is known about coral diseases in this region. Disease surveys were conducted at 22 reefs within three regions (Yanbu, Thuwal, Al Lith) in the central Red Sea along the Saudi Arabian coast. Surveys occurred in October 2015, which coincided with a hyperthermal-induced bleaching event. Our objectives were to 1) document types, prevalence, and distribution of coral diseases in a region with minimal terrestrial input, 2) compare regional differences in diseases and bleaching along a latitudinal gradient of environmental conditions, and 3) use histopathology to characterize disease lesions at the cellular level. Coral reefs of the central Red Sea had a widespread but a surprisingly low prevalence of disease (<0.5%), based on the examination of >75,750 colonies. Twenty diseases were recorded affecting 16 coral taxa and included black band disease, white syndromes, endolithic hypermycosis, skeletal eroding band, growth anomalies and focal bleached patches. The three most common diseases were Acropora white syndrome (59.1% of the survey sites), Porites growth anomalies (40.9%), and Porites white syndrome (31.8%). Sixteen out of 30 coral genera within transects had lesions and Acropora, Millepora and Lobophyllia were the most commonly affected. Cell-associated microbial aggregates were found in four coral genera including a first report in Stylophora. Differences in disease prevalence, coral cover, amount of heat stress as measured by degree heating weeks (DHW) and extent of bleaching was evident among sites. Disease prevalence was not explained by coral cover or DHW, and a negative relationship between coral bleaching and disease prevalence was found. The northern-most sites off the coast of Yanbu had the highest average disease prevalence and highest average DHW values but no bleaching. Our study provides a foundation and baseline data for coral disease prevalence in the central Red Sea, which is projected to increase as a consequence of increased frequency and severity of ocean warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Smith Aeby
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amanda Shore
- Department of Biology, Farmingdale State College, Farmingdale, NY, United States of America
| | - Thor Jensen
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, SaudiArabia
| | - Maren Ziegler
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, SaudiArabia
- Department of Animal Ecology & Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thierry Work
- US Geological Survey, Wildlife Health Center, Honolulu Field Station, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Christian R. Voolstra
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, SaudiArabia
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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140
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Zhang Y, Yang Q, Zhang Y, Ahmad M, Ling J, Dong J, Wang Y. The diversity and metabolic potential of the microbial functional gene associated with Porites pukoensis. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:986-995. [PMID: 33991262 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02419-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coral reef ecosystems usually distribute in oligotrophic tropical and subtropical marine environments, but they possess great biodiversity and high productivity. It may attribute to its efficient internal nutrient cycle system. However, the knowledge of functional microbial community structure is still limited. In this study, both functional gene array (Geochip 5.0) and nifH Illumina sequencing were used to profile the overall functional genes and diazotrophic communities associated with coral Porites pukoensis. More than 7500 microbial functional genes were detected from archaea, bacteria, and fungi. Most of these genes are related to the transformation of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, providing evidence that microbes in the coral holobiont play important roles in the biogeochemical cycle of coral reef ecosystems. Our results indicated a high diversity of diazotrophs associated with corals. The dominant diazotrophic groups were related to phyla Alphaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria. And the dominant diazotrophic communities were divided into four clusters. They were affiliated with nifH sequences from genera Zymomonas, Halorhodospira, Leptolyngbya, Trichormus, and Desulfovibrio, indicating these groups may play a more important role in the nitrogen-fixing process in the coral holobiont. This study revealed functional gene diversity and suggested the roles they played in the biogeochemical cycling of the coral holobiont.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Zhang
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
| | - Qingsong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Manzoor Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Juan Ling
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Junde Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province and Hainan Sanya Marine Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China.
| | - Youshao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
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141
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Sweet M, Villela H, Keller-Costa T, Costa R, Romano S, Bourne DG, Cárdenas A, Huggett MJ, Kerwin AH, Kuek F, Medina M, Meyer JL, Müller M, Pollock FJ, Rappé MS, Sere M, Sharp KH, Voolstra CR, Zaccardi N, Ziegler M, Peixoto R. Insights into the Cultured Bacterial Fraction of Corals. mSystems 2021; 6:e0124920. [PMID: 34156291 PMCID: PMC8269258 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01249-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria associated with coral hosts are diverse and abundant, with recent studies suggesting involvement of these symbionts in host resilience to anthropogenic stress. Despite their putative importance, the work dedicated to culturing coral-associated bacteria has received little attention. Combining published and unpublished data, here we report a comprehensive overview of the diversity and function of culturable bacteria isolated from corals originating from tropical, temperate, and cold-water habitats. A total of 3,055 isolates from 52 studies were considered by our metasurvey. Of these, 1,045 had full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences, spanning 138 formally described and 12 putatively novel bacterial genera across the Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria phyla. We performed comparative genomic analysis using the available genomes of 74 strains and identified potential signatures of beneficial bacterium-coral symbioses among the strains. Our analysis revealed >400 biosynthetic gene clusters that underlie the biosynthesis of antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and other secondary metabolites. Moreover, we uncovered genomic features-not previously described for coral-bacterium symbioses-potentially involved in host colonization and host-symbiont recognition, antiviral defense mechanisms, and/or integrated metabolic interactions, which we suggest as novel targets for the screening of coral probiotics. Our results highlight the importance of bacterial cultures to elucidate coral holobiont functioning and guide the selection of probiotic candidates to promote coral resilience and improve holistic and customized reef restoration and rehabilitation efforts. IMPORTANCE Our paper is the first study to synthesize currently available but decentralized data of cultured microbes associated with corals. We were able to collate 3,055 isolates across a number of published studies and unpublished collections from various laboratories and researchers around the world. This equated to 1,045 individual isolates which had full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences, after filtering of the original 3,055. We also explored which of these had genomes available. Originally, only 36 were available, and as part of this study, we added a further 38-equating to 74 in total. From this, we investigated potential genetic signatures that may facilitate a host-associated lifestyle. Further, such a resource is an important step in the selection of probiotic candidates, which are being investigated for promoting coral resilience and potentially applied as a novel strategy in reef restoration and rehabilitation efforts. In the spirit of open access, we have ensured this collection is available to the wider research community through the web site http://isolates.reefgenomics.org/ with the hope many scientists across the globe will ask for access to these cultures for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sweet
- Aquatic Research Facility, Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Helena Villela
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tina Keller-Costa
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Costa
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Stefano Romano
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - David G. Bourne
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia
| | - Anny Cárdenas
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Megan J. Huggett
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | | | - Felicity Kuek
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Mónica Medina
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julie L. Meyer
- Soil and Water Sciences Department, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Moritz Müller
- Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - F. Joseph Pollock
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Hawaii and Palmyra Programs, The Nature Conservancy, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Michael S. Rappé
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, Kaneohe, Hawaii, USA
| | - Mathieu Sere
- Aquatic Research Facility, Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Koty H. Sharp
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, Roger Williams University, Bristol, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Nathan Zaccardi
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, Roger Williams University, Bristol, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Maren Ziegler
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Raquel Peixoto
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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142
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Emery MA, Dimos BA, Mydlarz LD. Cnidarian Pattern Recognition Receptor Repertoires Reflect Both Phylogeny and Life History Traits. Front Immunol 2021; 12:689463. [PMID: 34248980 PMCID: PMC8260672 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.689463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are evolutionarily ancient and crucial components of innate immunity, recognizing danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and activating host defenses. Basal non-bilaterian animals such as cnidarians must rely solely on innate immunity to defend themselves from pathogens. By investigating cnidarian PRR repertoires we can gain insight into the evolution of innate immunity in these basal animals. Here we utilize the increasing amount of available genomic resources within Cnidaria to survey the PRR repertoires and downstream immune pathway completeness within 15 cnidarian species spanning two major cnidarian clades, Anthozoa and Medusozoa. Overall, we find that anthozoans possess prototypical PRRs, while medusozoans appear to lack these immune proteins. Additionally, anthozoans consistently had higher numbers of PRRs across all four classes relative to medusozoans, a trend largely driven by expansions in NOD-like receptors and C-type lectins. Symbiotic, sessile, and colonial cnidarians also have expanded PRR repertoires relative to their non-symbiotic, mobile, and solitary counterparts. Interestingly, cnidarians seem to lack key components of mammalian innate immune pathways, though similar to PRR numbers, anthozoans possess more complete immune pathways than medusozoans. Together, our data indicate that anthozoans have greater immune specificity than medusozoans, which we hypothesize to be due to life history traits common within Anthozoa. Overall, this investigation reveals important insights into the evolution of innate immune proteins within these basal animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison A Emery
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Bradford A Dimos
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Laura D Mydlarz
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
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143
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O'Brien PA, Andreakis N, Tan S, Miller DJ, Webster NS, Zhang G, Bourne DG. Testing cophylogeny between coral reef invertebrates and their bacterial and archaeal symbionts. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:3768-3782. [PMID: 34060182 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Marine invertebrates harbour a complex suite of bacterial and archaeal symbionts, a subset of which are probably linked to host health and homeostasis. Within a complex microbiome it can be difficult to tease apart beneficial or parasitic symbionts from nonessential commensal or transient microorganisms; however, one approach is to detect strong cophylogenetic patterns between microbial lineages and their respective hosts. We employed the Procrustean approach to cophylogeny (PACo) on 16S rRNA gene derived microbial community profiles paired with COI, 18S rRNA and ITS1 host phylogenies. Second, we undertook a network analysis to identify groups of microbes that were co-occurring within our host species. Across 12 coral, 10 octocoral and five sponge species, each host group and their core microbiota (50% prevalence within host species replicates) had a significant fit to the cophylogenetic model. Independent assessment of each microbial genus and family found that bacteria and archaea affiliated to Endozoicomonadaceae, Spirochaetaceae and Nitrosopumilaceae have the strongest cophylogenetic signals. Further, local Moran's I measure of spatial autocorrelation identified 14 ASVs, including Endozoicomonadaceae and Spirochaetaceae, whose distributions were significantly clustered by host phylogeny. Four co-occurring subnetworks were identified, each of which was dominant in a different host group. Endozoicomonadaceae and Spirochaetaceae ASVs were abundant among the subnetworks, particularly one subnetwork that was exclusively comprised of these two bacterial families and dominated the octocoral microbiota. Our results disentangle key microbial interactions that occur within complex microbiomes and reveal long-standing, essential microbial symbioses in coral reef invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A O'Brien
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia.,Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Qld, Australia.,AIMS@JCU, Townsville, Qld, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - Nikos Andreakis
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - Shangjin Tan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - David J Miller
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia.,Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia.,College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - Nicole S Webster
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Qld, Australia.,AIMS@JCU, Townsville, Qld, Australia.,Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Guojie Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, China.,Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - David G Bourne
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia.,Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Qld, Australia.,AIMS@JCU, Townsville, Qld, Australia
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144
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Abstract
Ocean warming is causing repeated mass coral bleaching, leading to catastrophic losses of coral reefs worldwide. Our ability to slow or revert this decline is hampered by an incomplete understanding of the processes underlying the breakdown of the coral–algal symbiosis. Here, we show that heat stress destabilizes the nutrient cycling between corals and their endosymbiotic algae long before bleaching becomes apparent. Notably, increased metabolic energy demands shift the coral–algal symbiosis from a nitrogen- to a carbon-limited state, reducing translocation and recycling of photosynthetic carbon. This effectively undermines the ecological advantage of harboring algal symbionts and directly contributes to the breakdown of the coral–algal symbiosis during heat stress. Recurrent mass bleaching events are pushing coral reefs worldwide to the brink of ecological collapse. While the symptoms and consequences of this breakdown of the coral–algal symbiosis have been extensively characterized, our understanding of the underlying causes remains incomplete. Here, we investigated the nutrient fluxes and the physiological as well as molecular responses of the widespread coral Stylophora pistillata to heat stress prior to the onset of bleaching to identify processes involved in the breakdown of the coral–algal symbiosis. We show that altered nutrient cycling during heat stress is a primary driver of the functional breakdown of the symbiosis. Heat stress increased the metabolic energy demand of the coral host, which was compensated by the catabolic degradation of amino acids. The resulting shift from net uptake to release of ammonium by the coral holobiont subsequently promoted the growth of algal symbionts and retention of photosynthates. Together, these processes form a feedback loop that will gradually lead to the decoupling of carbon translocation from the symbiont to the host. Energy limitation and altered symbiotic nutrient cycling are thus key factors in the early heat stress response, directly contributing to the breakdown of the coral–algal symbiosis. Interpreting the stability of the coral holobiont in light of its metabolic interactions provides a missing link in our understanding of the environmental drivers of bleaching and may ultimately help uncover fundamental processes underpinning the functioning of endosymbioses in general.
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145
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Ketchum RN, Smith EG, Vaughan GO, McParland D, Al-Mansoori N, Burt JA, Reitzel AM. Unraveling the predictive role of temperature in the gut microbiota of the sea urchin Echinometra sp. EZ across spatial and temporal gradients. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:3869-3881. [PMID: 34008895 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Shifts in microbial communities represent a rapid response mechanism for host organisms to respond to changes in environmental conditions. Therefore, they are likely to be important in assisting the acclimatization of hosts to seasonal temperature changes as well as to variation in temperatures across a species' range. The Persian/Arabian Gulf is the world's warmest sea, with large seasonal fluctuations in temperature (20℃ - 37℃) and is connected to the Gulf of Oman which experiences more typical oceanic conditions (<32℃ in the summer). This system is an informative model for understanding how symbiotic microbial assemblages respond to thermal variation across temporal and spatial scales. Here, we elucidate the role of temperature on the microbial gut community of the sea urchin Echinometra sp. EZ and identify microbial taxa that are tightly correlated with the thermal environment. We generated two independent datasets with a high degree of geographic and temporal resolution. The results show that microbial communities vary across thermally variable habitats, display temporal shifts that correlate with temperature, and can become more disperse as temperatures rise. The relative abundances of several ASVs significantly correlate with temperature in both independent datasets despite the >300 km distance between the furthest sites and the extreme seasonal variations. Notably, over 50% of the temperature predictive ASVs identified from the two datasets belonged to the family Vibrionaceae. Together, our results identify temperature as a robust predictor of community-level variation and highlight specific microbial taxa putatively involved in the response to thermal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi N Ketchum
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Edward G Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA.,Water Research Center & Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Grace O Vaughan
- Water Research Center & Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Dain McParland
- Water Research Center & Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Noura Al-Mansoori
- Water Research Center & Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - John A Burt
- Water Research Center & Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Adam M Reitzel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
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146
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Qin Z, Yu K, Chen S, Chen B, Liang J, Yao Q, Yu X, Liao Z, Deng C, Liang Y. Microbiome of juvenile corals in the outer reef slope and lagoon of the South China Sea: insight into coral acclimatization to extreme thermal environments. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:4389-4404. [PMID: 34110067 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Environmental conditions between the outer reef slope (ORS) and lagoon in tropical atolls are significantly different, but the variations of juvenile coral-microbiomes in the two environments and their relationship with coral thermal acclimatization are poorly understood. We explored this issue based on local water conditions and the microbiome of juvenile corals in the ORS and lagoon in the central South China Sea. Coral-symbiotic Symbiodiniaceae showed significant differences among coral species; Pocillopora verrucosa and Pachyseris rugosa in the ORS, and Acropora formosa in the lagoon were dominated by Durusdinium, but other corals were dominated by Cladocopium. Although A. formosa in the ORS were dominated by Cladocopium (C3u), they were dominated by Durusdinium (D1/D1a) and Cladocopium (C50) in the lagoon. Other coral species were both dominated by Cladocopium in the lagoon and ORS. The relative abundance of bacteria in the Deinococcus-Thermus was generally higher in the lagoon corals than in the ORS corals. Our study indicates that P. verrucosa, P. rugosa and Porites lutea may have high thermal tolerance based on the relatively high abundance of heat-tolerant Durusdinium and Thermus scotoductus. Likewise, A. formosa in the lagoon may acclimatize to the thermal environment based on a high relative abundance of heat-tolerant Durusdinium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjun Qin
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.,Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Nanning, 530004, China.,School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Kefu Yu
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.,Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Nanning, 530004, China.,School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.,Southern Marine and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, China
| | - Shuchang Chen
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.,Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Nanning, 530004, China.,School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Biao Chen
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.,Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Nanning, 530004, China.,School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jiayuan Liang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.,Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Nanning, 530004, China.,School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Qiucui Yao
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.,Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Nanning, 530004, China.,School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yu
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.,Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Nanning, 530004, China.,School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zhiheng Liao
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.,Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Nanning, 530004, China.,School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Chuanqi Deng
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.,Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Nanning, 530004, China.,School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yanting Liang
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.,Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Nanning, 530004, China.,School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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147
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Friends or Foes-Microbial Interactions in Nature. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060496. [PMID: 34199553 PMCID: PMC8229319 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Microorganisms like bacteria, archaea, fungi, microalgae, and viruses mostly form complex interactive networks within the ecosystem rather than existing as single planktonic cells. Interactions among microorganisms occur between the same species, with different species, or even among entirely different genera, families, or even domains. These interactions occur after environmental sensing, followed by converting those signals to molecular and genetic information, including many mechanisms and classes of molecules. Comprehensive studies on microbial interactions disclose key strategies of microbes to colonize and establish in a variety of different environments. Knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the microbial interactions is essential to understand the ecological impact of microbes and the development of dysbioses. It might be the key to exploit strategies and specific agents against different facing challenges, such as chronic and infectious diseases, hunger crisis, pollution, and sustainability. Abstract Microorganisms are present in nearly every niche on Earth and mainly do not exist solely but form communities of single or mixed species. Within such microbial populations and between the microbes and a eukaryotic host, various microbial interactions take place in an ever-changing environment. Those microbial interactions are crucial for a successful establishment and maintenance of a microbial population. The basic unit of interaction is the gene expression of each organism in this community in response to biotic or abiotic stimuli. Differential gene expression is responsible for producing exchangeable molecules involved in the interactions, ultimately leading to community behavior. Cooperative and competitive interactions within bacterial communities and between the associated bacteria and the host are the focus of this review, emphasizing microbial cell–cell communication (quorum sensing). Further, metagenomics is discussed as a helpful tool to analyze the complex genomic information of microbial communities and the functional role of different microbes within a community and to identify novel biomolecules for biotechnological applications.
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148
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Grottoli AG, Toonen RJ, Woesik R, Vega Thurber R, Warner ME, McLachlan RH, Price JT, Bahr KD, Baums IB, Castillo KD, Coffroth MA, Cunning R, Dobson KL, Donahue MJ, Hench JL, Iglesias‐Prieto R, Kemp DW, Kenkel CD, Kline DI, Kuffner IB, Matthews JL, Mayfield AB, Padilla‐Gamiño JL, Palumbi S, Voolstra CR, Weis VM, Wu HC. Increasing comparability among coral bleaching experiments. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 31:e02262. [PMID: 33222325 PMCID: PMC8243963 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. G. Grottoli
- School of Earth Sciences The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio43210USA
| | - R. J. Toonen
- Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Kāneʻohe Hawaii96744USA
| | - R. Woesik
- Department of Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne Florida32901USA
| | - R. Vega Thurber
- Department of Microbiology Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon97331USA
| | - M. E. Warner
- School of Marine Science and Policy University of Delaware Lewes Delaware19958USA
| | - R. H. McLachlan
- School of Earth Sciences The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio43210USA
| | - J. T. Price
- School of Earth Sciences The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio43210USA
| | - K. D. Bahr
- Department of Life Sciences Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi Corpus Christi Texas78412USA
| | - I. B. Baums
- Department of Biology Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania16802USA
| | - K. D. Castillo
- Department of Marine Sciences University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina27599USA
| | - M. A. Coffroth
- Department of Geology State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo New York14260USA
| | - R. Cunning
- Daniel P. Hearther Center for Conservation and Research John G. Shedd Aquarium Chicago Illinois60605USA
| | - K. L. Dobson
- School of Earth Sciences The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio43210USA
| | - M. J. Donahue
- Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Kāneʻohe Hawaii96744USA
| | - J. L. Hench
- Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Beaufort North Carolina28516USA
| | - R. Iglesias‐Prieto
- Department of Biology Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania16802USA
| | - D. W. Kemp
- Department of Biology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama35233USA
| | - C. D. Kenkel
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Southern California Los Angeles California90089USA
| | - D. I. Kline
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Washington D.C.20013USA
| | - I. B. Kuffner
- St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Science Center United States Geological Survey St Petersburg Florida33701USA
| | - J. L. Matthews
- Faculty of Science Climate Change Cluster University of Technology Sydney Broadway, Sydney New South Wales2007Australia
| | - A. B. Mayfield
- Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory Atlantic National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Miami Florida33149USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine & Atmospheric Studies University of Miami Miami Florida33149USA
| | - J. L. Padilla‐Gamiño
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington Seattle Washington98117USA
| | - S. Palumbi
- Hopkins Marine Station Stanford University Pacific Grove California93950USA
| | - C. R. Voolstra
- Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz78457Germany
| | - V. M. Weis
- Department of Integrative Biology Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon97331USA
| | - H. C. Wu
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research Bremen28359Germany
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149
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Maire J, Blackall LL, van Oppen MJH. Microbiome characterization of defensive tissues in the model anemone Exaiptasia diaphana. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:152. [PMID: 34020587 PMCID: PMC8140459 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coral reefs are among the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. This success relies on the coral’s association with a wide range of microorganisms, including dinoflagellates of the family Symbiodiniaceae that provide coral hosts with most of their organic carbon requirements. While bacterial associates have long been overlooked, research on these microorganisms is gaining traction, and deciphering bacterial identity and function is greatly enhancing our understanding of cnidarian biology. Here, we investigated bacterial communities in defensive tissues (acontia) of the coral model, the sea anemone Exaiptasia diaphana. Acontia are internal filaments that are ejected upon detection of an external threat and release toxins to repel predators. Results Using culturing techniques and 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding we identified bacterial communities associated with acontia of four Great Barrier Reef-sourced E. diaphana genotypes. We show that bacterial communities are similar across genotypes, and dominated by Alteromonadaceae, Vibrionaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, and Saprospiraceae. By analyzing abundant amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) from metabarcoding data from acontia and comparing these to data from whole anemones, we identified five potentially important bacterial genera of the acontia microbiome: Vibrio, Sulfitobacter, Marivita, Alteromonas, and Lewinella. The role of these bacteria within the acontia remains uninvestigated but could entail assistance in defense processes such as toxin production. Conclusions This study provides insight into potential bacterial involvement in cnidarian defense tissues and highlights the need to study bacterial communities in individual compartments within a holobiont. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02211-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Maire
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Linda L Blackall
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Madeleine J H van Oppen
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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Savary R, Barshis DJ, Voolstra CR, Cárdenas A, Evensen NR, Banc-Prandi G, Fine M, Meibom A. Fast and pervasive transcriptomic resilience and acclimation of extremely heat-tolerant coral holobionts from the northern Red Sea. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2023298118. [PMID: 33941698 PMCID: PMC8126839 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023298118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Corals from the northern Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba exhibit extreme thermal tolerance. To examine the underlying gene expression dynamics, we exposed Stylophora pistillata from the Gulf of Aqaba to short-term (hours) and long-term (weeks) heat stress with peak seawater temperatures ranging from their maximum monthly mean of 27 °C (baseline) to 29.5 °C, 32 °C, and 34.5 °C. Corals were sampled at the end of the heat stress as well as after a recovery period at baseline temperature. Changes in coral host and symbiotic algal gene expression were determined via RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). Shifts in coral microbiome composition were detected by complementary DNA (cDNA)-based 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. In all experiments up to 32 °C, RNA-Seq revealed fast and pervasive changes in gene expression, primarily in the coral host, followed by a return to baseline gene expression for the majority of coral (>94%) and algal (>71%) genes during recovery. At 34.5 °C, large differences in gene expression were observed with minimal recovery, high coral mortality, and a microbiome dominated by opportunistic bacteria (including Vibrio species), indicating that a lethal temperature threshold had been crossed. Our results show that the S. pistillata holobiont can mount a rapid and pervasive gene expression response contingent on the amplitude and duration of the thermal stress. We propose that the transcriptomic resilience and transcriptomic acclimation observed are key to the extraordinary thermal tolerance of this holobiont and, by inference, of other northern Red Sea coral holobionts, up to seawater temperatures of at least 32 °C, that is, 5 °C above their current maximum monthly mean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Savary
- Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Daniel J Barshis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529
| | | | - Anny Cárdenas
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Nicolas R Evensen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529
| | - Guilhem Banc-Prandi
- The Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 52900 Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Laboratory for Coral Reef Ecology, Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences, 88103 Eilat, Israel
| | - Maoz Fine
- The Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 52900 Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Laboratory for Coral Reef Ecology, Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences, 88103 Eilat, Israel
| | - Anders Meibom
- Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Advanced Surface Analysis, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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