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Bitter MC, Wong JM, Dam HG, Donelan SC, Kenkel CD, Komoroske LM, Nickols KJ, Rivest EB, Salinas S, Burgess SC, Lotterhos KE. Fluctuating selection and global change: a synthesis and review on disentangling the roles of climate amplitude, predictability and novelty. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20210727. [PMID: 34428970 PMCID: PMC8385344 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A formidable challenge for global change biologists is to predict how natural populations will respond to the emergence of conditions not observed at present, termed novel climates. Popular approaches to predict population vulnerability are based on the expected degree of novelty relative to the amplitude of historical climate fluctuations experienced by a population. Here, we argue that predictions focused on amplitude may be inaccurate because they ignore the predictability of environmental fluctuations in driving patterns of evolution and responses to climate change. To address this disconnect, we review major findings of evolutionary theory demonstrating the conditions under which phenotypic plasticity is likely to evolve in natural populations, and how plasticity decreases population vulnerability to novel environments. We outline key criteria that experimental studies should aim for to effectively test theoretical predictions, while controlling for the degree of climate novelty. We show that such targeted tests of evolutionary theory are rare, with marine systems being overall underrepresented in this venture despite exhibiting unique opportunities to test theory. We conclude that with more robust experimental designs that manipulate both the amplitude and predictability of fluctuations, while controlling for the degree of novelty, we may better predict population vulnerability to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Bitter
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J. M. Wong
- Environmental Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - H. G. Dam
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut Groton, CT, USA
| | - S. C. Donelan
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - C. D. Kenkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - L. M. Komoroske
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - K. J. Nickols
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - E. B. Rivest
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, USA
| | - S. Salinas
- Department of Biology, Kalamazoo College, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - S. C. Burgess
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - K. E. Lotterhos
- Northeastern University Marine Science Center, Nahant, MA, USA
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Grottoli AG, Toonen RJ, Woesik R, Vega Thurber R, Warner ME, McLachlan RH, Price JT, Bahr KD, Baums IB, Castillo KD, Coffroth MA, Cunning R, Dobson KL, Donahue MJ, Hench JL, Iglesias‐Prieto R, Kemp DW, Kenkel CD, Kline DI, Kuffner IB, Matthews JL, Mayfield AB, Padilla‐Gamiño JL, Palumbi S, Voolstra CR, Weis VM, Wu HC. Increasing comparability among coral bleaching experiments. Ecol Appl 2021; 31:e02262. [PMID: 33222325 PMCID: PMC8243963 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. G. Grottoli
- School of Earth Sciences The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio43210USA
| | - R. J. Toonen
- Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Kāneʻohe Hawaii96744USA
| | - R. Woesik
- Department of Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne Florida32901USA
| | - R. Vega Thurber
- Department of Microbiology Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon97331USA
| | - M. E. Warner
- School of Marine Science and Policy University of Delaware Lewes Delaware19958USA
| | - R. H. McLachlan
- School of Earth Sciences The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio43210USA
| | - J. T. Price
- School of Earth Sciences The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio43210USA
| | - K. D. Bahr
- Department of Life Sciences Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi Corpus Christi Texas78412USA
| | - I. B. Baums
- Department of Biology Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania16802USA
| | - K. D. Castillo
- Department of Marine Sciences University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina27599USA
| | - M. A. Coffroth
- Department of Geology State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo New York14260USA
| | - R. Cunning
- Daniel P. Hearther Center for Conservation and Research John G. Shedd Aquarium Chicago Illinois60605USA
| | - K. L. Dobson
- School of Earth Sciences The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio43210USA
| | - M. J. Donahue
- Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Kāneʻohe Hawaii96744USA
| | - J. L. Hench
- Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Beaufort North Carolina28516USA
| | - R. Iglesias‐Prieto
- Department of Biology Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania16802USA
| | - D. W. Kemp
- Department of Biology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama35233USA
| | - C. D. Kenkel
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Southern California Los Angeles California90089USA
| | - D. I. Kline
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Washington D.C.20013USA
| | - I. B. Kuffner
- St Petersburg Coastal & Marine Science Center United States Geological Survey St Petersburg Florida33701USA
| | - J. L. Matthews
- Faculty of Science Climate Change Cluster University of Technology Sydney Broadway, Sydney New South Wales2007Australia
| | - A. B. Mayfield
- Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory Atlantic National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Miami Florida33149USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine & Atmospheric Studies University of Miami Miami Florida33149USA
| | - J. L. Padilla‐Gamiño
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington Seattle Washington98117USA
| | - S. Palumbi
- Hopkins Marine Station Stanford University Pacific Grove California93950USA
| | - C. R. Voolstra
- Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz78457Germany
| | - V. M. Weis
- Department of Integrative Biology Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon97331USA
| | - H. C. Wu
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research Bremen28359Germany
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Davies SW, Treml EA, Kenkel CD, Matz MV. Exploring the role of Micronesian islands in the maintenance of coral genetic diversity in the Pacific Ocean. Mol Ecol 2014; 24:70-82. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. W. Davies
- Department of Integrative Biology; The University of Texas at Austin; 1 University Station C0990 Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - E. A. Treml
- Department of Zoology; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. 3010 Australia
| | - C. D. Kenkel
- Department of Integrative Biology; The University of Texas at Austin; 1 University Station C0990 Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - M. V. Matz
- Department of Integrative Biology; The University of Texas at Austin; 1 University Station C0990 Austin TX 78712 USA
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Kenkel CD, Sheridan C, Leal MC, Bhagooli R, Castillo KD, Kurata N, McGinty E, Goulet TL, Matz MV. Diagnostic gene expression biomarkers of coral thermal stress. Mol Ecol Resour 2014; 14:667-78. [PMID: 24354729 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression biomarkers can enable rapid assessment of physiological conditions in situ, providing a valuable tool for reef managers interested in linking organism physiology with large-scale climatic conditions. Here, we assessed the ability of quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based gene expression biomarkers to evaluate (i) the immediate cellular stress response (CSR) of Porites astreoides to incremental thermal stress and (ii) the magnitude of CSR and cellular homeostasis response (CHR) during a natural bleaching event. Expression levels largely scaled with treatment temperature, with the strongest responses occurring in heat-shock proteins. This is the first demonstration of a 'tiered' CSR in a coral, where the magnitude of expression change is proportional to stress intensity. Analysis of a natural bleaching event revealed no signature of an acute CSR in normal or bleached corals, indicating that the bleaching stressor(s) had abated by the day of sampling. Another long-term stress CHR-based indicator assay was significantly elevated in bleached corals, although assay values overall were low, suggesting good prospects for recovery. This study represents the first step in linking variation in gene expression biomarkers to stress tolerance and bleaching thresholds in situ by quantifying the severity of ongoing thermal stress and its accumulated long-term impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Kenkel
- Section of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0990, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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Kenkel CD, Meyer E, Matz MV. Gene expression under chronic heat stress in populations of the mustard hill coral (Porites astreoides) from different thermal environments. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:4322-4334. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. D. Kenkel
- Section of Integrative Biology; The University of Texas at Austin; 1 University Station C0990 Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - E. Meyer
- Department of Zoology; Oregon State University; 3029 Cordley Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | - M. V. Matz
- Section of Integrative Biology; The University of Texas at Austin; 1 University Station C0990 Austin TX 78712 USA
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Kenkel CD, Goodbody-Gringley G, Caillaud D, Davies SW, Bartels E, Matz MV. Evidence for a host role in thermotolerance divergence between populations of the mustard hill coral (Porites astreoides) from different reef environments. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:4335-4348. [PMID: 23906315 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Studying the mechanisms that enable coral populations to inhabit spatially varying thermal environments can help evaluate how they will respond in time to the effects of global climate change and elucidate the evolutionary forces that enable or constrain adaptation. Inshore reefs in the Florida Keys experience higher temperatures than offshore reefs for prolonged periods during the summer. We conducted a common garden experiment with heat stress as our selective agent to test for local thermal adaptation in corals from inshore and offshore reefs. We show that inshore corals are more tolerant of a 6-week temperature stress than offshore corals. Compared with inshore corals, offshore corals in the 31 °C treatment showed significantly elevated bleaching levels concomitant with a tendency towards reduced growth. In addition, dinoflagellate symbionts (Symbiodinium sp.) of offshore corals exhibited reduced photosynthetic efficiency. We did not detect differences in the frequencies of major (>5%) haplotypes comprising Symbiodinium communities hosted by inshore and offshore corals, nor did we observe frequency shifts ('shuffling') in response to thermal stress. Instead, coral host populations showed significant genetic divergence between inshore and offshore reefs, suggesting that in Porites astreoides, the coral host might play a prominent role in holobiont thermotolerance. Our results demonstrate that coral populations inhabiting reefs <10-km apart can exhibit substantial differences in their physiological response to thermal stress, which could impact their population dynamics under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Kenkel
- Section of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0990, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - G Goodbody-Gringley
- Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, 17 Biological Lane, St. George, GE01, Bermuda.,Mote Marine Laboratory, 24244 Overseas Highway, Summerland Key, FL, 33042, USA
| | - D Caillaud
- Section of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0990, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.,Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International, 800 Cherokee Avenue, Atlanta, GA, 30315, USA
| | - S W Davies
- Section of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0990, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - E Bartels
- Mote Marine Laboratory, 24244 Overseas Highway, Summerland Key, FL, 33042, USA
| | - M V Matz
- Section of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0990, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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Kenkel CD, Traylor MR, Wiedenmann J, Salih A, Matz MV. Fluorescence of coral larvae predicts their settlement response to crustose coralline algae and reflects stress. Proc Biol Sci 2011; 278:2691-7. [PMID: 21270034 PMCID: PMC3136821 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2010.2344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-coloured homologues of the green fluorescent protein generate some of the most striking visual phenomena in the ocean. Despite their natural prominence in reef-building corals and widespread use in biotechnology, their biological role remains obscure. Here, we experimented with larvae of Acropora millepora to determine what can be learned about a coral larva or recruit from its fluorescent colour. We performed 12 crosses between seven A. millepora colonies representing differing fluorescence phenotypes, the larvae of which were exposed to a natural settlement cue (crustose coralline algae) and heat-light stress. Parental effects explained 18 per cent of variation in colour and 47 per cent of variation in settlement. The colour of the larval family emerged as a predictor of the settlement success: redder families were significantly less responsive to the provided settlement cue (p = 0.006). This relationship was owing to a correlation between parental effects on settlement and colour (r(2) = 0.587, p = 0.045). We also observed pronounced (16%) decline in settlement rate, as well as subtle (2%), but a statistically significant decrease in red fluorescence, as a consequence of heat-light stress exposure. Variation in settlement propensity in A. millepora is largely owing to additive genetic effects, and is thought to reflect variation in dispersal potential. Our results suggest an optical signature to discriminate between long- and short-range dispersing genotypes, as well as to evaluate stress. Further research in this direction may lead to the development of field applications to trace changes in coral life history and physiology caused by global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. D. Kenkel
- Integrative Biology Section, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - M. R. Traylor
- Integrative Biology Section, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - J. Wiedenmann
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - A. Salih
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, New South Wales 1797, Australia
| | - M. V. Matz
- Integrative Biology Section, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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