101
|
Dong S, Zhang YN, Wan J, Cui R, Yu X, Zhao G, Lin K. A novel multifunctional carbon aerogel-coated platform for osteosarcoma therapy and enhanced bone regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:368-379. [PMID: 31782474 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02383f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, groundbreaking strategies are urgently needed to address drug resistance, osteolysis, bone defects and other predicaments impeding the therapeutic efficacy of osteosarcoma. Among them, photothermal therapy (PTT), using systematically administrated nanoagents, exhibits attractive therapeutic efficacy, yet is powerless in bone defect regeneration. Herein, a novel multifunctional beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-Ca3(PO4)2, β-TCP) bioceramic platform-coated with carbon aerogel (CA), which was initially developed for tumor therapy, was fabricated. On account of the desirable photothermal capabilities of CA, sufficient hyperthermia is generated under the irradiation of an 808 nm laser to achieve a thorough ablation of osteosarcoma tumors. Furthermore, CA-coated surfaces provide extra roughness and a higher specific surface area, which promoted the protein recruitment ability and osteogenesis via a fibronectin (FN)-mediated signaling pathway. The photothermal therapeutic efficacy and osteogenesis capability of CA-coated β-TCP-C suggests a novel approach for the treatment of osteosarcoma and provides provoking inspiration for the prospective bio-application of CA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Dong
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
102
|
Nulsen J, Misetic H, Yau C, Ciccarelli FD. Pan-cancer detection of driver genes at the single-patient resolution. Genome Med 2021; 13:12. [PMID: 33517897 PMCID: PMC7849133 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00830-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying the complete repertoire of genes that drive cancer in individual patients is crucial for precision oncology. Most established methods identify driver genes that are recurrently altered across patient cohorts. However, mapping these genes back to patients leaves a sizeable fraction with few or no drivers, hindering our understanding of cancer mechanisms and limiting the choice of therapeutic interventions. RESULTS We present sysSVM2, a machine learning software that integrates cancer genetic alterations with gene systems-level properties to predict drivers in individual patients. Using simulated pan-cancer data, we optimise sysSVM2 for application to any cancer type. We benchmark its performance on real cancer data and validate its applicability to a rare cancer type with few known driver genes. We show that drivers predicted by sysSVM2 have a low false-positive rate, are stable and disrupt well-known cancer-related pathways. CONCLUSIONS sysSVM2 can be used to identify driver alterations in patients lacking sufficient canonical drivers or belonging to rare cancer types for which assembling a large enough cohort is challenging, furthering the goals of precision oncology. As resources for the community, we provide the code to implement sysSVM2 and the pre-trained models in all TCGA cancer types ( https://github.com/ciccalab/sysSVM2 ).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Nulsen
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Hrvoje Misetic
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Christopher Yau
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, NW1 2DB, UK
| | - Francesca D Ciccarelli
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Johann PD. Invited Review: Dysregulation of chromatin remodellers in paediatric brain tumours - SMARCB1 and beyond. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 46:57-72. [PMID: 32307752 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in chromatin remodelling genes occur in approximately 25% of all human tumours (Kadoch et al. Nat Genet 45: 592-601, 2013). The spectrum of alterations is broad and comprises single nucleotide variants, insertion/deletions and more complex structural variations. The single most often affected remodelling complex is the SWI/SNF complex (SWItch/sucrose non-fermentable). In the field of paediatric neuro-oncology, the spectrum of affected genes implicated in epigenetic remodelling is narrower with SMARCB1 and SMARCA4 being the most frequent. The low mutation frequencies in many of the SWI/SNF mutant entities underline the fact that perturbed chromatin remodelling is the most salient factor in tumourigenesis and could thus be a potential therapeutic opportunity. Here, I review the genetic basis of aberrant chromatin remodelling in paediatric brain tumours and discuss their impact on the epigenome in the respective entities, mainly medulloblastomas and rhabdoid tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P D Johann
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Paediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Le MK, Omori M, Oishi N, Oi M, Fukasawa H, Hirata S, Kondo T. High-grade uterine sarcoma with osteosarcomatous differentiation arising from a MED12-mutated leiomyoma, a case report. Pathol Int 2021; 71:199-203. [PMID: 33444473 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Uterine osteosarcoma has been reported, but it is an extremely rare tumor with highly aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. The pathogenesis of uterine osteosarcoma is not fully understood. Herein, we report on a high-grade uterine sarcoma with focal osteosarcomatous differentiation that developed from a long-standing MED12-mutated leiomyoma. A 47-year-old nulligravida woman, with known uterine leiomyoma presented with abdominal pain and distention. Imaging analyses revealed a tumor with a large cystic area in the uterine corpus and multiple metastases in intrapelvic and paraaortic lymph nodes, left ovary and left lung. With a clinical diagnosis of uterine sarcoma the patient underwent abdominal total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, partial omentectomy and removal of the left obturator lymph node. Despite postoperative chemotherapy and radiation therapy, the tumor progressed rapidly. She died 18 weeks after the surgery. Histopathologic examination identified a high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma in which focal osteoid production was observed. This high-grade sarcoma with focal osteosarcomatous differentiation was located within the uterine leiomyoma, and Sanger sequencing showed the identical MED12 L36R mutation in both the osteosarcomatous and leiomyomatous components supporting the shared origin of these two components. We, therefore, concluded that the high-grade sarcoma with osteosarcomatous differentiation arose from the transformation of the precedent leiomyoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minh-Khang Le
- Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Makiko Omori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Naoki Oishi
- Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Megumi Oi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroko Fukasawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Shuji Hirata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kondo
- Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Mirabello L, Zhu B, Koster R, Karlins E, Dean M, Yeager M, Gianferante M, Spector LG, Morton LM, Karyadi D, Robison LL, Armstrong GT, Bhatia S, Song L, Pankratz N, Pinheiro M, Gastier-Foster JM, Gorlick R, de Toledo SRC, Petrilli AS, Patino-Garcia A, Lecanda F, Gutierrez-Jimeno M, Serra M, Hattinger C, Picci P, Scotlandi K, Flanagan AM, Tirabosco R, Amary MF, Kurucu N, Ilhan IE, Ballinger ML, Thomas DM, Barkauskas DA, Mejia-Baltodano G, Valverde P, Hicks BD, Zhu B, Wang M, Hutchinson AA, Tucker M, Sampson J, Landi MT, Freedman ND, Gapstur S, Carter B, Hoover RN, Chanock SJ, Savage SA. Frequency of Pathogenic Germline Variants in Cancer-Susceptibility Genes in Patients With Osteosarcoma. JAMA Oncol 2021; 6:724-734. [PMID: 32191290 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Importance Osteosarcoma, the most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents, occurs in a high number of cancer predisposition syndromes that are defined by highly penetrant germline mutations. The germline genetic susceptibility to osteosarcoma outside of familial cancer syndromes remains unclear. Objective To investigate the germline genetic architecture of 1244 patients with osteosarcoma. Design, Setting, and Participants Whole-exome sequencing (n = 1104) or targeted sequencing (n = 140) of the DNA of 1244 patients with osteosarcoma from 10 participating international centers or studies was conducted from April 21, 2014, to September 1, 2017. The results were compared with the DNA of 1062 individuals without cancer assembled internally from 4 participating studies who underwent comparable whole-exome sequencing and 27 173 individuals of non-Finnish European ancestry who were identified through the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) database. In the analysis, 238 high-interest cancer-susceptibility genes were assessed followed by testing of the mutational burden across 736 additional candidate genes. Principal component analyses were used to identify 732 European patients with osteosarcoma and 994 European individuals without cancer, with outliers removed for patient-control group comparisons. Patients were subsequently compared with individuals in the ExAC group. All data were analyzed from June 1, 2017, to July 1, 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures The frequency of rare pathogenic or likely pathogenic genetic variants. Results Among 1244 patients with osteosarcoma (mean [SD] age at diagnosis, 16 [8.9] years [range, 2-80 years]; 684 patients [55.0%] were male), an analysis restricted to individuals with European ancestry indicated a significantly higher pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant burden in 238 high-interest cancer-susceptibility genes among patients with osteosarcoma compared with the control group (732 vs 994, respectively; P = 1.3 × 10-18). A pathogenic or likely pathogenic cancer-susceptibility gene variant was identified in 281 of 1004 patients with osteosarcoma (28.0%), of which nearly three-quarters had a variant that mapped to an autosomal-dominant gene or a known osteosarcoma-associated cancer predisposition syndrome gene. The frequency of a pathogenic or likely pathogenic cancer-susceptibility gene variant was 128 of 1062 individuals (12.1%) in the control group and 2527 of 27 173 individuals (9.3%) in the ExAC group. A higher than expected frequency of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants was observed in genes not previously linked to osteosarcoma (eg, CDKN2A, MEN1, VHL, POT1, APC, MSH2, and ATRX) and in the Li-Fraumeni syndrome-associated gene, TP53. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, approximately one-fourth of patients with osteosarcoma unselected for family history had a highly penetrant germline mutation requiring additional follow-up analysis and possible genetic counseling with cascade testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mirabello
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bin Zhu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Roelof Koster
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eric Karlins
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Michael Dean
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Matthew Gianferante
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Logan G Spector
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Lindsay M Morton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Danielle Karyadi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Leslie L Robison
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Gregory T Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Smita Bhatia
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Lei Song
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Maisa Pinheiro
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Julie M Gastier-Foster
- Department of Pathology and Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Richard Gorlick
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Silvia Regina Caminada de Toledo
- Laboratorio de Genetica, Instituto de Oncologia Pediatrica, Grupo de Apoio ao Adolescente e a Crianca com Cancer/Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio S Petrilli
- Laboratorio de Genetica, Instituto de Oncologia Pediatrica, Grupo de Apoio ao Adolescente e a Crianca com Cancer/Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Patino-Garcia
- Solid Tumor Division, Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic of Navarra and Center for Applied Medical Research, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, and Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fernando Lecanda
- Solid Tumor Division, Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic of Navarra and Center for Applied Medical Research, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra, and Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miriam Gutierrez-Jimeno
- Solid Tumor Division, Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic of Navarra and Center for Applied Medical Research, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Massimo Serra
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Hattinger
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Piero Picci
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Adrienne M Flanagan
- Research Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Tirabosco
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Fernanda Amary
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Nilgün Kurucu
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, A.Y. Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Inci Ergurhan Ilhan
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, A.Y. Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mandy L Ballinger
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David M Thomas
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Donald A Barkauskas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | | | | | - Belynda D Hicks
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Bin Zhu
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Amy A Hutchinson
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Margaret Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joshua Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maria T Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Susan Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Brian Carter
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Hübschmann D, Jopp-Saile L, Andresen C, Krämer S, Gu Z, Heilig CE, Kreutzfeldt S, Teleanu V, Fröhling S, Eils R, Schlesner M. Analysis of mutational signatures with yet another package for signature analysis. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2020; 60:314-331. [PMID: 33222322 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Different mutational processes leave characteristic patterns of somatic mutations in the genome that can be identified as mutational signatures. Determining the contributions of mutational signatures to cancer genomes allows not only to reconstruct the etiology of somatic mutations, but can also be used for improved tumor classification and support therapeutic decisions. We here present the R package yet another package for signature analysis (YAPSA) to deconvolute the contributions of mutational signatures to tumor genomes. YAPSA provides in-built collections from the COSMIC and PCAWG SNV signature sets as well as the PCAWG Indel signatures and employs signature-specific cutoffs to increase sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, YAPSA allows to determine 95% confidence intervals for signature exposures, to perform constrained stratified signature analyses to obtain enrichment and depletion patterns of the identified signatures and, when applied to whole exome sequencing data, to correct for the triplet content of individual target capture kits. With this functionality, YAPSA has proved to be a valuable tool for analysis of mutational signatures in molecular tumor boards in a precision oncology context. YAPSA is available at R/Bioconductor (http://bioconductor.org/packages/3.12/bioc/html/YAPSA.html).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hübschmann
- Computational Oncology, Molecular Diagnostics Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,Pattern Recognition and Digital Medicine, Heidelberg Institute of Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lea Jopp-Saile
- Computational Oncology, Molecular Diagnostics Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,Pattern Recognition and Digital Medicine, Heidelberg Institute of Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,Bioinformatics and Omics Data Analytics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Carolin Andresen
- Pattern Recognition and Digital Medicine, Heidelberg Institute of Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,Bioinformatics and Omics Data Analytics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Stephen Krämer
- Bioinformatics and Omics Data Analytics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Zuguang Gu
- Computational Oncology, Molecular Diagnostics Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,DKFZ-HIPO (Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Christoph E Heilig
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,Department of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Heidelberg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Kreutzfeldt
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,Department of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Heidelberg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Veronica Teleanu
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,Department of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Heidelberg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Fröhling
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,Department of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Heidelberg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Health Data Science Unit, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schlesner
- Bioinformatics and Omics Data Analytics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,Chair of Biomedical Informatics, Data Mining and Data Analytics, Faculty of Applied Computer Science and Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Yin CD, Hou YL, Liu XR, He YS, Wang XP, Li CJ, Tan XH, Liu J. Development of an immune-related prognostic index associated with osteosarcoma. Bioengineered 2020; 12:172-182. [PMID: 33371790 PMCID: PMC8806312 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1864096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor immunity is closely associated with the prognosis of tumors, including osteosarcoma (OS). The aim of the present study was to construct an immune-related prognostic index (PI) to predict the prognosis of OS. Herein, OS expression data were sourced from the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) database. We divided the OS patients into nonmetastatic and metastatic groups, allowing differentially immune-related genes (DIRGs) to be selected. After DIRGs were further investigated by enrichment analysis, four keys prognostic IRGs (CD79A, CSF3R, MTNR1B and NPPC) were identified using a Cox proportional hazards model. Then, an immune-related prognostic index was constructed. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was employed to further explore the underlying mechanisms. The difference in tumor-infiltrating immune cell (TIIC) abundance was also discussed. In our study, eight upregulated genes and 30 downregulated genes were identified. Several Gene Ontology (GO) terms and the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways were immune-associated functions and pathways. Four genes, including CD79A, CSF3R, MTNR1B and NPPC, were used to establish a risk assessment model for evaluating OS prognosis. GSEA revealed that the risk score was related to cytokine receptor interaction and to the chemokine and B cell receptor signaling pathways. Furthermore, high risk markedly related to the infiltration of several immune cell types, including M2 macrophages, naïve CD4 T cells, and CD8 T cells. In sum, we developed a survival model for OS. The underlying molecular mechanisms of the high-risk group may affect immune-related biological processes and TIICs.Abbreviations TARGET: Therapeutically Applicable Research To Generate Effective Treatments; PI: Prognostic index; OS: Osteosarcoma; DIRGs: Differentially immune-related genes; GSEA: Gene set enrichment analysis; TIIC: Tumor-infiltrating immune cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Dong Yin
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery and Microsurgery, Affiliated to the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou , P.R. China
| | - Ying-Lan Hou
- Health Management Centre, Affiliated to the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou , P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ren Liu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery and Microsurgery, Affiliated to the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou , P.R. China
| | - Yu-Sheng He
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery and Microsurgery, Affiliated to the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou , P.R. China
| | - Xin-Ping Wang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery and Microsurgery, Affiliated to the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou , P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Jie Li
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery and Microsurgery, Affiliated to the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou , P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Tan
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery and Microsurgery, Affiliated to the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou , P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery and Microsurgery, Affiliated to the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou , P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Mason NJ. Comparative Immunology and Immunotherapy of Canine Osteosarcoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1258:199-221. [PMID: 32767244 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43085-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 800 people are diagnosed with osteosarcoma (OSA) per year in the USA. Although 70% of patients with localized OSA are cured with multiagent chemotherapy and surgical resection, the prognosis for patients with metastatic or relapsed disease is guarded. The small number of patients diagnosed annually contributes to an incomplete understanding of disease pathogenesis, and challenges in performing appropriately powered clinical trials and detecting correlative biomarkers of response. While mouse models of OSA are becoming increasingly sophisticated, they generally fail to accurately recapitulate tumor heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment (TME), systemic immune dysfunction, and the clinical features of tumor recurrence, metastases, and chemoresistance, which influence outcome. Pet dogs spontaneously develop OSA with an incidence that is 30-50 times higher than humans. Canine OSA parallels the human disease in its clinical presentation, biological behavior, genetic complexity, and therapeutic management. However, despite therapy, most dogs die from metastatic disease within 1 year of diagnosis. Since OSA occurs in immune-competent dogs, immune factors that sculpt tumor immunogenicity and influence responses to immune modulation are in effect. In both species, immune modulation has shown beneficial effects on patient outcome and work is now underway to identify the most effective immunotherapies, combination of immunotherapies, and correlative biomarkers that will further improve clinical response. In this chapter, the immune landscape of canine OSA and the immunotherapeutic strategies used to modulate antitumor immunity in dogs with the disease will be reviewed. From this immunological viewpoint, the value of employing dogs with spontaneous OSA to accelerate and inform the translation of immunotherapies into the human clinic will be underscored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Mason
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Genomics and the Immune Landscape of Osteosarcoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1258:21-36. [PMID: 32767232 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43085-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Conventional osteosarcoma (OS) is a high-grade intraosseous malignancy with production of osteoid matrix; however, a deeper dive into the underlying genetics reveals genomic complexity and instability that result in significant tumor heterogeneity. While early karyotyping studies demonstrated aneuploidy with chromosomal complexity and structural rearrangements, further investigations have identified few recurrent genetic alterations with the exception of the tumor suppressors TP53 and RB1. More recent studies utilizing next-generation sequencing (NGS; whole-exome sequencing, WES; and whole-genome sequencing, WGS) reveal a genomic landscape predominantly characterized by somatic copy number alterations rather than point/indel mutations. Despite its genomic complexity, OS has shown variable immune infiltrate and limited immunogenicity. In the current chapter, we review the hallmarks of OS genomics across recent NGS studies and the immune profile of OS including a large institutional cohort of OS patients with recurrent and metastatic disease. Understanding the genomic and immune landscape of OS may provide opportunities for translation in both molecularly targeted therapies and novel immuno-oncology approaches.
Collapse
|
110
|
Hingorani P, Roth ME, Wang Y, Zhang W, Gill JB, Harrison DJ, Teicher B, Erickson S, Gatto G, Smith MA, Kolb EA, Gorlick R. ABBV-085, Antibody-Drug Conjugate Targeting LRRC15, Is Effective in Osteosarcoma: A Report by the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Consortium. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 20:535-540. [PMID: 33298592 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Membrane protein leucine-rich repeat containing 15 (LRRC15) is known to be expressed in several solid tumors including osteosarcoma. ABBV-085, an antibody-drug conjugate against LRRC15, conjugated to monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), was studied in osteosarcoma patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) by the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Consortium (PPTC). LRRC15 expression data were obtained from PPTC RNA-sequencing data for the PDX models. The TARGET database was mined for LRRC15 expression in human osteosarcoma. Protein expression was confirmed via IHC in three PDX models. Seven osteosarcoma PDX models (OS1, OS9, OS33, OS34, OS42, OS55, and OS60) with varying LRRC15 gene expression were studied. ABBV-085 was administered at 3 mg/kg (OS33), 6 mg/kg (all seven PDXs), and 12 mg/kg (OS60) weekly for 4 consecutive weeks via intraperitoneal injection. Control cohorts included vehicle and an isotype MMAE-linked antibody. Tumor volumes and responses were reported using PPTC statistical analysis. OS1, OS33, OS42, OS55, and OS60 had high LRRC15 expression while OS9 and OS34 had low LRRC15 expression. ABBV-085 inhibited tumor growth in six of seven PDX models as compared with vehicle control and significantly improved event-free survival in five of seven models as compared with isotype controls. Two models showed maintained complete responses while all others showed progressive disease. Response correlated with LRRC15 expression. ABBV-085's antitumor activity against osteosarcoma PDX suggests LRRC15 may be a rational target for pursuing clinical trials in patients with this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Hingorani
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael E Roth
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yifei Wang
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wendong Zhang
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jonathan B Gill
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Douglas J Harrison
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Beverly Teicher
- Cancer Therapeutics Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephen Erickson
- Global Health Technologies, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Gregory Gatto
- Global Health Technologies, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Malcolm A Smith
- Cancer Therapeutics Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Edward A Kolb
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Richard Gorlick
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Ameline B, Kovac M, Nathrath M, Barenboim M, Witt O, Krieg AH, Baumhoer D. Overactivation of the IGF signalling pathway in osteosarcoma: a potential therapeutic target? JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2020; 7:165-172. [PMID: 33295144 PMCID: PMC7869926 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in children and adolescents. More than a third of patients do not respond to standard therapy and urgently require alternative treatment options. Due to a high degree of inter‐ and intra‐tumoural genomic heterogeneity and complexity, recurrent molecular alterations that could serve as prognostic predictors or therapeutic targets are still lacking in osteosarcoma. Copy number (CN) gains involving the IGF1R gene, however, have been suggested as a potential surrogate marker for treating a subset of patients with IGF1R inhibitors. In this study, we screened a large set of osteosarcomas and found specific CN gains of the IGF1R gene in 18 of 253 (7.1%) cases with corresponding IGF1R overexpression. Despite the discouraging results observed in clinical trials in other tumours so far, focusing only on selected patients with osteosarcoma that show evidence of IGF pathway activation might represent a promising new and innovative treatment approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Ameline
- Bone Tumour Reference Centre at the Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michal Kovac
- Bone Tumour Reference Centre at the Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Faculty of Informatics and Information Technologies, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Nathrath
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany.,Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Klinikum Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Maxim Barenboim
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Olaf Witt
- Coordinator INFORM Program, Hopp Children's Cancer Center, German Cancer Research Center, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Krieg
- Bone and Soft tissue Sarcoma Center, University of Basel, University Childrens Hospital (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Baumhoer
- Bone Tumour Reference Centre at the Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Oza J, Doshi SD, Hao L, Musi E, Schwartz GK, Ingham M. Homologous recombination repair deficiency as a therapeutic target in sarcoma. Semin Oncol 2020; 47:380-389. [DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
113
|
Abstract
Comparative oncology clinical trials play an important and growing role in cancer research and drug development efforts. These trials, typically conducted in companion (pet) dogs, allow assessment of novel anticancer agents and combination therapies in a veterinary clinical setting that supports serial biologic sample collections and exploration of dose, schedule and corresponding pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships. Further, an intact immune system and natural co-evolution of tumour and microenvironment support exploration of novel immunotherapeutic strategies. Substantial improvements in our collective understanding of the molecular landscape of canine cancers have occurred in the past 10 years, facilitating translational research and supporting the inclusion of comparative studies in drug development. The value of the approach is demonstrated in various clinical trial settings, including single-agent or combination response rates, inhibition of metastatic progression and randomized comparison of multiple agents in a head-to-head fashion. Such comparative oncology studies have been purposefully included in the developmental plan for several US FDA-approved and up-and-coming anticancer drugs. Challenges for this field include keeping pace with technology and data dissemination/harmonization, improving annotation of the canine genome and immune system, and generation of canine-specific validated reagents to support integration of correlative biology within clinical trial efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy K LeBlanc
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Christina N Mazcko
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Gaspar N, Marques da Costa ME, Fromigue O, Droit R, Berlanga P, Marchais A. Recent advances in understanding osteosarcoma and emerging therapies. Fac Rev 2020; 9:18. [PMID: 33659950 PMCID: PMC7886057 DOI: 10.12703/r/9-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common bone cancer in adolescents and young adults, but it is a rare cancer with no improvement in patient survival in the last four decades. The main problem of this bone tumor is its evolution toward lung metastatic disease, despite the current treatment strategy (chemotherapy and surgery). To further improve survival, there is a strong need for new therapies that control osteosarcoma cells with metastatic potential and their favoring tumor microenvironment (ME) from the diagnosis. However, the complexity and heterogeneity of those tumor cell genomic/epigenetic and biology, the diversity of tumor ME where it develops, the sparsity of appropriate preclinical models, and the heterogeneity of therapeutic trials have rendered the task difficult. No tumor- or ME-targeted drugs are routinely available in front-line treatment. This article presents up-to-date information from preclinical and clinical studies that were recently published or presented in recent meetings which we hope might help change the osteosarcoma treatment landscape and patient survival in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Gaspar
- Department of Oncology for Child and adolescent, Gustave Roussy cancer campus. France
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1015, Gustave Roussy, France
| | | | | | - Robin Droit
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1015, Gustave Roussy, France
| | - Pablo Berlanga
- Department of Oncology for Child and adolescent, Gustave Roussy cancer campus. France
| | - Antonin Marchais
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1015, Gustave Roussy, France
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Wang Z, Deng M, Chen L, Wang W, Liu G, Liu D, Han Z, Zhou Y. Circular RNA Circ-03955 Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Osteosarcoma by Regulating miR-3662/Metadherin Pathway. Front Oncol 2020; 10:545460. [PMID: 33312941 PMCID: PMC7708376 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.545460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumor, especially in children and adolescents. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are found to play roles in the progression of osteosarcoma. However, the exact functions of circRNAs in osteosarcoma development still need to be clarified. We obtained differentially expressed circRNAs and miRNAs from a GSE99671 data set (GEO database). The gene co-expression network of ceRNAs and osteosarcoma-related genes was analyzed using the STRING database. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of circ-03955 and miR-3662. Transwell assays and flow cytometry were performed to detect phenotypic changes in cell function. A xenograft tumor model was established using BALB/c nude mice. Dual luciferase activity and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were performed to assess the relationship between circ-03955, miR-3662, and metadherin (MTDH). Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting were used to assess protein expression levels. Circ-03955 was significantly upregulated, and miR-3662 was downregulated in osteosarcoma. Circ-03955 silencing inhibited the growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma. Mechanism analysis revealed that circ-03955 could bind to miR-3662, and the latter could target MTDH, leading to its suppressed expression and facilitating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). All these findings demonstrate that the presence of circ-03955 promotes EMT in osteosarcoma by acting as miR-3662 sponge-mediated MTDH expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengguang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingsi Deng
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liangjian Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gengyan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dongbiao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhipeng Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Grünewald TGP, Alonso M, Avnet S, Banito A, Burdach S, Cidre‐Aranaz F, Di Pompo G, Distel M, Dorado‐Garcia H, Garcia‐Castro J, González‐González L, Grigoriadis AE, Kasan M, Koelsche C, Krumbholz M, Lecanda F, Lemma S, Longo DL, Madrigal‐Esquivel C, Morales‐Molina Á, Musa J, Ohmura S, Ory B, Pereira‐Silva M, Perut F, Rodriguez R, Seeling C, Al Shaaili N, Shaabani S, Shiavone K, Sinha S, Tomazou EM, Trautmann M, Vela M, Versleijen‐Jonkers YMH, Visgauss J, Zalacain M, Schober SJ, Lissat A, English WR, Baldini N, Heymann D. Sarcoma treatment in the era of molecular medicine. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11131. [PMID: 33047515 PMCID: PMC7645378 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are heterogeneous and clinically challenging soft tissue and bone cancers. Although constituting only 1% of all human malignancies, sarcomas represent the second most common type of solid tumors in children and adolescents and comprise an important group of secondary malignancies. More than 100 histological subtypes have been characterized to date, and many more are being discovered due to molecular profiling. Owing to their mostly aggressive biological behavior, relative rarity, and occurrence at virtually every anatomical site, many sarcoma subtypes are in particular difficult-to-treat categories. Current multimodal treatment concepts combine surgery, polychemotherapy (with/without local hyperthermia), irradiation, immunotherapy, and/or targeted therapeutics. Recent scientific advancements have enabled a more precise molecular characterization of sarcoma subtypes and revealed novel therapeutic targets and prognostic/predictive biomarkers. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in the molecular biology of sarcomas and their effects on clinical oncology; it is meant for a broad readership ranging from novices to experts in the field of sarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas GP Grünewald
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)HeidelbergGermany
- Institute of PathologyHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Marta Alonso
- Program in Solid Tumors and BiomarkersFoundation for the Applied Medical ResearchUniversity of Navarra PamplonaPamplonaSpain
| | - Sofia Avnet
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | - Ana Banito
- Pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Research GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Stefan Burdach
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center (CCRC)Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Florencia Cidre‐Aranaz
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Gemma Di Pompo
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Merve Kasan
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
| | | | | | - Fernando Lecanda
- Division of OncologyAdhesion and Metastasis LaboratoryCenter for Applied Medical ResearchUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain
| | - Silvia Lemma
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | - Dario L Longo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)Italian National Research Council (CNR)TurinItaly
| | | | | | - Julian Musa
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Shunya Ohmura
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
| | | | - Miguel Pereira‐Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Francesca Perut
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | - Rene Rodriguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de AsturiasOviedoSpain
- CIBER en oncología (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
| | | | - Nada Al Shaaili
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Shabnam Shaabani
- Department of Drug DesignUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Kristina Shiavone
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Snehadri Sinha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial DiseasesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Marcel Trautmann
- Division of Translational PathologyGerhard‐Domagk‐Institute of PathologyMünster University HospitalMünsterGermany
| | - Maria Vela
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ)MadridSpain
| | | | | | - Marta Zalacain
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)Italian National Research Council (CNR)TurinItaly
| | - Sebastian J Schober
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center (CCRC)Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Andrej Lissat
- University Children′s Hospital Zurich – Eleonoren FoundationKanton ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - William R English
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Dominique Heymann
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Université de NantesInstitut de Cancérologie de l'OuestTumor Heterogeneity and Precision MedicineSaint‐HerblainFrance
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Vincent A, Natarajan V, Khetan V, Krishnakumar S, Parameswaran S. Heterozygous retinoblastoma gene mutation compromises in vitro osteogenesis of adipose mesenchymal stem cells - a temporal gene expression study. Exp Cell Res 2020; 396:112263. [PMID: 32890459 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a bone malignancy affecting children and adolescents. Retinoblastoma (RB) patients with germline RB1 mutations are susceptible to osteosarcoma in the second decade of their life. Several studies, particularly in mice, have revealed a role for RB1 in osteogenesis. Since, there is species specific difference attributed in retinoblastoma tumorigenesis between mice and human, we assumed, it is worthwhile exploring the role of RB1 in osteogenesis and thus onset of osteosarcoma. In this study, we analyzed the temporal gene expression of the osteogenic markers, tumor suppressor genes and hormone receptors associated with growth spurt during in vitro osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells derived from orbital adipose tissue of germline RB patients and compared it with those with wild type RB1 gene. Mesenchymal stem cells with the heterozygous RB1 mutation showed reduced expression of RB1 and other tumor suppressor genes and showed deregulation of osteogenic markers which could be an initial step for the onset of osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ambily Vincent
- Radheshyam Kanoi Stem Cell Laboratory, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, India; School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur, India
| | | | - Vikas Khetan
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Subramanian Krishnakumar
- Radheshyam Kanoi Stem Cell Laboratory, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Sowmya Parameswaran
- Radheshyam Kanoi Stem Cell Laboratory, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, India.
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Yao Q, Chen T. LINC01128 regulates the development of osteosarcoma by sponging miR-299-3p to mediate MMP2 expression and activating Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:14293-14305. [PMID: 33108067 PMCID: PMC7753992 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common metastatic bone cancers, which results in significant morbidity and mortality. The important role of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the biological processes of OS has been demonstrated through several studies. In the current study, we evaluated the role of the lncRNA, LINC01128, in OS. We analysed the expression of LINC01128 in three OS gene expression omnibus (GEO) data sets GSE21257, GSE36001 and GSE42352. The expression of LINC01128 in OS tissues and matched non‐tumour tissues obtained from 50 OS patients was detected using qRT‐PCR. The association between LINC01128 expression and overall survival of OS patients was evaluated using the Kaplan‐Meier method. The effects of LINC01128 knockdown and overexpression were evaluated through in vitro and in vivo assays. The LINC01128/miR‐299‐3p/ MMP2 axis was verified using dual‐luciferase reporter assay and qRT‐PCR assays. GEO data sets analysis revealed that the expression of LINC01128 was increased in OS. Elevated LINC01128 expression was accompanied by shorter overall survival in OS patients. Functional studies revealed that LINC01128 knockdown reduced the proliferation, migration and invasion of OS cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LINC01128 sponged miR‐299‐3p to increase MMP2 expression. Rescue assays determined the role of the LINC01128/miR‐299‐3p/MMP2 axis in the proliferation, migration and invasion of OS cells. Additionally, the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway was activated by LINC01128 and MMP2 in OS cell lines. In summary, this study demonstrates that LINC01128 facilitates OS by functioning as a sponge of miR‐299‐3p, thus promoting MMP2 expression and activating the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Wang L, Huang X, You X, Yi T, Lu B, Liu J, Lu G, Ma M, Zou C, Wu J, Zhao W. Nanoparticle enhanced combination therapy for stem-like progenitors defined by single-cell transcriptomics in chemotherapy-resistant osteosarcoma. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:196. [PMID: 32973147 PMCID: PMC7518281 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptation of osteosarcoma cells to therapeutic pressure impedes the efficacy of chemotherapy for osteosarcoma. However, the characteristics and cellular organization of therapy-resistant cells in osteosarcoma tumors remain elusive. Here, we utilized single-cell transcriptomics to systematically map the cell-type-specific gene expression in a chemotherapy-resistant osteosarcoma tumor. Our data demonstrated the VEGFR2-JMJD3-abundant subsets as quiescent stem-like cells, thereby establishing the hierarchy of therapy-resistant actively cycling progenitor pools (JMJD3-abundant) in osteosarcoma. VEGFR2 inhibitor and JMJD3 inhibitor synergistically impeded osteosarcoma cell propagation and tumor growth. Although osteosarcoma cells are predisposed to apoptosis induced by the synergistic therapy through activation of the CHOP pro-apoptotic factor via the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, the stem-like/progenitor cells exhibit an adaptive response, leading to their survival. Reduction in cellular glutathione levels in stem-like/progenitor cells caused by the treatment with a glutathione synthesis inhibitor increases ER stress-induced apoptosis. Importantly, the marked therapeutic improvement of synergistic therapy against stem-like/progenitor cells was achieved by using glutathione-scavenging nanoparticles, which can load and release the drug pair effectively. Overall, our study provides a framework for understanding glutathione signaling as one of the therapeutic vulnerabilities of stem-like/progenitor cells. Broadly, these findings revealed a promising arsenal by encapsulating glutathione-scavenging nanoparticles with co-targeting VEGFR2 and JMJD3 to eradicate chemotherapy-resistant osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojia Huang
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinru You
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tianqi Yi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bing Lu
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohao Lu
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minglin Ma
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Changye Zou
- Musculoskeletal Oncology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jun Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Lilienthal I, Herold N. Targeting Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Treatment Efficacy and Resistance in Osteosarcoma: A Review of Current and Future Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186885. [PMID: 32961800 PMCID: PMC7555161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in children and adolescents. Due to micrometastatic spread, radical surgery alone rarely results in cure. Introduction of combination chemotherapy in the 1970s, however, dramatically increased overall survival rates from 20% to approximately 70%. Unfortunately, large clinical trials aiming to intensify treatment in the past decades have failed to achieve higher cure rates. In this review, we revisit how the heterogenous nature of osteosarcoma as well as acquired and intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy can account for stagnation in therapy improvement. We summarise current osteosarcoma treatment strategies focusing on molecular determinants of treatment susceptibility and resistance. Understanding therapy susceptibility and resistance provides a basis for rational therapy betterment for both identifying patients that might be cured with less toxic interventions and targeting resistance mechanisms to sensitise resistant osteosarcoma to conventional therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Lilienthal
- Division of Paediatric Oncology, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (I.L.); (N.H.); Tel.: +46-(0)8-52483204 (I.L. & N.H.)
| | - Nikolas Herold
- Division of Paediatric Oncology, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Paediatric Oncology, Astrid Lindgren’s Children Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (I.L.); (N.H.); Tel.: +46-(0)8-52483204 (I.L. & N.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Heidler CL, Roth EK, Thiemann M, Blattmann C, Perez RL, Huber PE, Kovac M, Amthor B, Neu‐Yilik G, Kulozik AE. Prexasertib (LY2606368) reduces clonogenic survival by inducing apoptosis in primary patient-derived osteosarcoma cells and synergizes with cisplatin and talazoparib. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:1059-1070. [PMID: 31782150 PMCID: PMC7384073 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Progress in the systemic control of osteosarcoma has been limited over the past decades thus indicating the urgent clinical need for the development of novel treatment strategies. Therefore, we have recently developed new preclinical models to study promising novel agents for the treatment of pediatric osteosarcoma. The checkpoint kinase (chk) inhibitor prexasertib (LY2606368) and its salt form (LSN2940930) have recently been shown to be active in adult and pediatric malignancies, including sarcoma. We have now tested the potency of prexasertib in clonogenic survival assays in two new lines of primary patient-derived osteosarcoma cells and in two established osteosarcoma cell lines as a single agent and in combination with cisplatin and the poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor talazoparib. Prexasertib alone results in strongly reduced clonogenic survival at low nanomolar concentrations and acts by affecting cell cycle progression, induction of apoptosis and induction of double-stranded DNA breakage at concentrations that are well below clinically tolerable and safe plasma concentrations. In combination with cisplatin and talazoparib, prexasertib acts in a synergistic fashion. Chk1 inhibition by prexasertib and its combination with the DNA damaging agent cisplatin and the PARP-inhibitor talazoparib thus emerges as a potential new treatment option for pediatric osteosarcoma which will now have to be tested in preclinical primary patient derived in vivo models and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L. Heidler
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Hopp Children's Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (KiTZ)Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU) European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Eva K. Roth
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Hopp Children's Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (KiTZ)Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU) European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Markus Thiemann
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Hopp Children's Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (KiTZ)Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU) European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Claudia Blattmann
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Hopp Children's Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (KiTZ)Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU) European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- Pediatrics 5 (Oncology, Hematology, Immunology)Klinikum Stuttgart OlgahospitalStuttgartGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Ramon L. Perez
- Department of Molecular and Radiation OncologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO)National Center for Radiation Research in OncologyHeidelbergGermany
| | - Peter E. Huber
- Department of Molecular and Radiation OncologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO)National Center for Radiation Research in OncologyHeidelbergGermany
- Department of Radiation OncologyHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Michal Kovac
- Bone Tumour Reference Center, Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital Basel and University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Beate Amthor
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Hopp Children's Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (KiTZ)Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU) European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Gabriele Neu‐Yilik
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Hopp Children's Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (KiTZ)Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU) European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Andreas E. Kulozik
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Hopp Children's Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (KiTZ)Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU) European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Czarnecka AM, Synoradzki K, Firlej W, Bartnik E, Sobczuk P, Fiedorowicz M, Grieb P, Rutkowski P. Molecular Biology of Osteosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2130. [PMID: 32751922 PMCID: PMC7463657 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent primary bone cancer in children and adolescents and the third most frequent in adults. Many inherited germline mutations are responsible for syndromes that predispose to osteosarcomas including Li Fraumeni syndrome, retinoblastoma syndrome, Werner syndrome, Bloom syndrome or Diamond-Blackfan anemia. TP53 is the most frequently altered gene in osteosarcoma. Among other genes mutated in more than 10% of OS cases, c-Myc plays a role in OS development and promotes cell invasion by activating MEK-ERK pathways. Several genomic studies showed frequent alterations in the RB gene in pediatric OS patients. Osteosarcoma driver mutations have been reported in NOTCH1, FOS, NF2, WIF1, BRCA2, APC, PTCH1 and PRKAR1A genes. Some miRNAs such as miR-21, -34a, -143, -148a, -195a, -199a-3p and -382 regulate the pathogenic activity of MAPK and PI3K/Akt-signaling pathways in osteosarcoma. CD133+ osteosarcoma cells have been shown to exhibit stem-like gene expression and can be tumor-initiating cells and play a role in metastasis and development of drug resistance. Although currently osteosarcoma treatment is based on adriamycin chemoregimens and surgery, there are several potential targeted therapies in development. First of all, activity and safety of cabozantinib in osteosarcoma were studied, as well as sorafenib and pazopanib. Finally, novel bifunctional molecules, of potential imaging and osteosarcoma targeting applications may be used in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Czarnecka
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Centre, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Synoradzki
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Firlej
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Centre, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Bartnik
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Sobczuk
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Centre, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Fiedorowicz
- Small Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Interinstitute Laboratory of New Diagnostic Applications of MRI, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Grieb
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Centre, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Li H, Tu J, Zhao Z, Chen L, Qu Y, Li H, Yao H, Wang X, Lee DF, Shen J, Wen L, Huang G, Xie X. Molecular signatures of BRCAness analysis identifies PARP inhibitor Niraparib as a novel targeted therapeutic strategy for soft tissue Sarcomas. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:9477-9494. [PMID: 32863940 PMCID: PMC7449912 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with advanced soft tissue sarcomas (STS) have a dismal prognosis with few effective therapeutic options. A defect in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway can accumulate DNA repair errors and gene mutations, which can lead to tumorigenesis. BRCAness describes tumors with an HRR deficiency (HRD) in the absence of a germline BRCA1/2 mutation. However, the characteristics of BRCAness in STS remain largely unknown. Thus, this study aimed to explore the genomic and molecular landscape of BRCAness using whole exome sequencing (WES) in STS, aiming to find a potential target for STS treatment. Methods: WES was performed in 22 STS samples from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University to reveal the possible genomic and molecular characteristics. The characteristics were then validated using data of 224 STS samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and in vitro data. The analysis of the potential biomarker for BRCAness was performed. Targeted drug susceptibility and combination therapy screening of chemotherapeutics for STS were evaluated in STS cell lines, cell-line-derived xenografts (CDX), and patient-derived xenografts (PDX). Results: Compared with 30 somatic mutation signatures of cancers, high cosine-similarity (0.75) was identified for HRD signatures in the 22 STS samples using nonnegative matrix factorization. Single nucleotide polymorphism indicated a low mutation rate of BRCA1/2 in the 22 STS samples (11.76% and 5.88%, respectively). However, copy number variation analyses demonstrated widespread chromosomal instability; furthermore, 54.55% of STS samples (12/22) carried BRCAness traits. Subsequently, similar genomic and molecular characteristics were also detected in the 224 STS samples from TCGA and in vitro. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP)-1 could be a promising reflection of HRD and therapeutic response. Furthermore, the level of PAR formation was found to be correlated with PARP-1. Subsequently, STS cell lines were determined to be sensitive to PARP inhibitor (PARPi), niraparib. Moreover, based on the screening test of the five common PARPis and combination test among doxorubicin, ifosfamide, dacarbazine, and temozolomide (TMZ), niraparib and TMZ were the most synergistic in STS cell lines. The synergistic effect and safety of niraparib and TMZ combination were also shown in CDX and PDX. Conclusions: BRCAness might be the common genomic and molecular characteristics of majority of STS cases. PARP-1 and PAR could be potential proper and feasible theranostic biomarkers for assessing HRD in patients. STSs were sensitive to PARPi. Moreover, the combination of niraparib and TMZ showed synergistic effect. Niraparib and TMZ could be a promising targeted therapeutic strategy for patients with STS.
Collapse
|
124
|
Cersosimo F, Lonardi S, Bernardini G, Telfer B, Mandelli GE, Santucci A, Vermi W, Giurisato E. Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Osteosarcoma: From Mechanisms to Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5207. [PMID: 32717819 PMCID: PMC7432207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcomas (OSs) are bone tumors most commonly found in pediatric and adolescent patients characterized by high risk of metastatic progression and recurrence after therapy. Effective therapeutic management of this disease still remains elusive as evidenced by poor patient survival rates. To achieve a more effective therapeutic management regimen, and hence patient survival, there is a need to identify more focused targeted therapies for OSs treatment in the clinical setting. The role of the OS tumor stroma microenvironment plays a significant part in the development and dissemination of this disease. Important components, and hence potential targets for treatment, are the tumor-infiltrating macrophages that are known to orchestrate many aspects of OS stromal signaling and disease progression. In particular, increased infiltration of M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) has been associated with OS metastasis and poor patient prognosis despite currently used aggressive therapies regimens. This review aims to provide a summary update of current macrophage-centered knowledge and to discuss the possible roles that macrophages play in the process of OS metastasis development focusing on the potential influence of stromal cross-talk signaling between TAMs, cancer-stem cells and additional OSs tumoral microenvironment factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cersosimo
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.C.); (G.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Silvia Lonardi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.L.); (G.E.M.); (W.V.)
| | - Giulia Bernardini
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.C.); (G.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Brian Telfer
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Giulio Eugenio Mandelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.L.); (G.E.M.); (W.V.)
| | - Annalisa Santucci
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.C.); (G.B.); (A.S.)
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.L.); (G.E.M.); (W.V.)
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emanuele Giurisato
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.C.); (G.B.); (A.S.)
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Liao D, Zhong L, Yin J, Zeng C, Wang X, Huang X, Chen J, Zhang H, Zhang R, Guan XY, Shuai X, Sui J, Gao S, Deng W, Zeng YX, Shen JN, Chen J, Kang T. Chromosomal translocation-derived aberrant Rab22a drives metastasis of osteosarcoma. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:868-881. [PMID: 32483387 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-0522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a type of aggressive malignant bone tumour that frequently metastasizes to lungs, resulting in poor prognosis. However, the molecular mechanisms of lung metastasis of osteosarcoma remain poorly understood. Here we identify exon-intron fusion genes in osteosarcoma cell lines and tissues. These fusion genes are derived from chromosomal translocations that juxtapose the coding region for amino acids 1-38 of Rab22a (Rab22a1-38) with multiple inverted introns and untranslated regions of chromosome 20. The resulting translation products, designated Rab22a-NeoFs, acquire the ability to drive lung metastasis of osteosarcoma. The Rab22a1-38 moiety governs the function of Rab22a-NeoFs by binding to SmgGDS-607, a GTP-GDP exchange factor of RhoA. This association facilitates the release of GTP-bound RhoA from SmgGDS-607, which induces increased activity of RhoA and promotes metastasis. Disrupting the interaction between Rab22a-NeoF1 and SmgGDS-607 with a synthetic peptide prevents lung metastasis in an orthotopic model of osteosarcoma. Our findings may provide a promising strategy for a subset of osteosarcoma patients with lung metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junqiang Yin
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiling Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Jinna Chen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xintao Shuai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Sui
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Song Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuguo Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Nan Shen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Tiebang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Zhao Z, Sun K, Yan T, Wei R, Guo W. Multiple primary tumors: a case report and review of the literature. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:394. [PMID: 32571290 PMCID: PMC7310446 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple primary tumors, especially quadruple primary neoplasms is extremely rare. Fibrous dysplasia (FD), osteosarcoma (OS), and giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) are three bone tumors with low incidence while primary pulmonary meningioma is a rare disease. In this case report, we present a unique synchronous occurrence of these four separate pathological conditions. CASE PRESENTATION A 53-year-old male previously underwent resection of OS of fifth rib and FD of eighth rib 1 year ago. Recently, a discontinuous pain at right knee developed. Serial X-ray films showed a progressively pure osteolytic lesion of proximal tibia which extended gradually. The incisional biopsy revealed that this tumor was confirmed as GCTB, and the tumor was successfully managed by extensive curettage and bone cement filling. The diagnosis of GCTB was re-confirmed by the postoperative histopathologic examinations. High-throughput sequencing from the GCTB exhibited a somatic mutation of H3.3A (G35W exon2). Germline testing revealed a germ-cell variant in gene of BRCA2 (exon 8 V220Ifs*4). CONCLUSIONS This is a unique case with quadruple primary tumors. Germline mutation in gene of BRCA2 may be associated with the occurrence of multiple primary tumors in this patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Zhao
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Kunkun Sun
- Department of Pathology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Taiqiang Yan
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Ran Wei
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Bayles I, Krajewska M, Pontius WD, Saiakhova A, Morrow JJ, Bartels C, Lu J, Faber ZJ, Fedorov Y, Hong ES, Karnuta JM, Rubin B, Adams DJ, George RE, Scacheri PC. Ex vivo screen identifies CDK12 as a metastatic vulnerability in osteosarcoma. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:4377-4392. [PMID: 31498151 DOI: 10.1172/jci127718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in intensification of therapy, outcomes for patients with metastatic osteosarcoma (OS) have not improved in thirty years. We developed a system that enabled preclinical screening of compounds against metastatic OS cells in the context of the native lung microenvironment. Using this strategy to screen a library of epigenetically targeted compounds, we identified inhibitors of CDK12 to be most effective, reducing OS cell outgrowth in the lung by more than 90% at submicromolar doses. We found that knockout of CDK12 in an in vivo model of lung metastasis significantly decreased the ability of OS to colonize the lung. CDK12 inhibition led to defects in transcription elongation in a gene length- and expression-dependent manner. These effects were accompanied by defects in RNA processing and altered the expression of genes involved in transcription regulation and the DNA damage response. We further identified OS models that differ in their sensitivity to CDK12 inhibition in the lung and provided evidence that upregulated MYC levels may mediate these differences. Our studies provided a framework for rapid preclinical testing of compounds with antimetastatic activity and highlighted CDK12 as a potential therapeutic target in OS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Bayles
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Malgorzata Krajewska
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - W Dean Pontius
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alina Saiakhova
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - James J Morrow
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Cynthia Bartels
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jim Lu
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zachary J Faber
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yuriy Fedorov
- Small Molecules Drug Development Core Facility, Office of Research Administration, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ellen S Hong
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jaret M Karnuta
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian Rubin
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Drew J Adams
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Small Molecules Drug Development Core Facility, Office of Research Administration, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rani E George
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter C Scacheri
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 sponges miR-34c-5p to promote osteosarcoma growth via ALDOA enhanced aerobic glycolysis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:278. [PMID: 32332718 PMCID: PMC7181648 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis, which is also called the Warburg effect, is a hallmark of osteosarcoma (OS) and leads to the enhancement of cell chemoresistance, growth, metastasis, and invasion. Emerging evidence indicates that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays a crucial role in the Warburg effect of cancer cells. Here, we report that lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 was upregulated in OS. Meanwhile, functional experiments demonstrated that the KCNQ1OT1 facilitated proliferation and suppressed apoptosis of OS cells. In addition, KCNQ1OT1 contributed to the Warburg effect by stimulating aldolase A (ALDOA) expression. Furthermore, using bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA pull-down assay, we identified that KCNQ1OT1 functions as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by sponging miR-34c-5p, which inhibited ALDOA expression by directly targeting its 3'UTR. Taken together, these data identified a key role of KCNQ1OT1 in glucose metabolism reprogramming of OS. Targeting the KCNQ1OT1/miR-34c-5p/ALDOA axis may be a potential therapeutic target in OS treatment.
Collapse
|
129
|
Corre I, Verrecchia F, Crenn V, Redini F, Trichet V. The Osteosarcoma Microenvironment: A Complex But Targetable Ecosystem. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040976. [PMID: 32326444 PMCID: PMC7226971 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcomas are the most frequent primary bone sarcomas, affecting mainly children, adolescents, and young adults, and with a second peak of incidence in elderly individuals. The current therapeutic management, a combined regimen of poly-chemotherapy and surgery, still remains largely insufficient, as patient survival has not improved in recent decades. Osteosarcomas are very heterogeneous tumors, both at the intra- and inter-tumor level, with no identified driver mutation. Consequently, efforts to improve treatments using targeted therapies have faced this lack of specific osteosarcoma targets. Nevertheless, these tumors are inextricably linked to their local microenvironment, composed of bone, stromal, vascular and immune cells and the osteosarcoma microenvironment is now considered to be essential and supportive for growth and dissemination. This review describes the different actors of the osteosarcoma microenvironment and gives an overview of the past, current, and future strategies of therapy targeting this complex ecosystem, with a focus on the role of extracellular vesicles and on the emergence of multi-kinase inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Corre
- INSERM, Nantes University, UMR1238 Phy-Os “Bone Sarcomas and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues”, F-44035 Nantes, France
- CNRS GDR3697 MicroNit, F-37044 Tours, France
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (V.T.)
| | - Franck Verrecchia
- INSERM, Nantes University, UMR1238 Phy-Os “Bone Sarcomas and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues”, F-44035 Nantes, France
| | - Vincent Crenn
- INSERM, Nantes University, UMR1238 Phy-Os “Bone Sarcomas and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues”, F-44035 Nantes, France
- Department of Orthopedic, Nantes Hospital, CHU Hotel-Dieu, F-44035 Nantes, France
| | - Francoise Redini
- INSERM, Nantes University, UMR1238 Phy-Os “Bone Sarcomas and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues”, F-44035 Nantes, France
| | - Valérie Trichet
- INSERM, Nantes University, UMR1238 Phy-Os “Bone Sarcomas and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues”, F-44035 Nantes, France
- CNRS GDR3697 MicroNit, F-37044 Tours, France
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (V.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Genomics and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities of Primary Bone Tumors. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040968. [PMID: 32295254 PMCID: PMC7227002 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma and chondrosarcoma are rare diseases but the most common primary tumors of bone. The genes directly involved in the sarcomagenesis, tumor progression and treatment responsiveness are not completely defined for these tumors, and the powerful discovery of genetic analysis is highly warranted in the view of improving the therapy and cure of patients. The review summarizes recent advances concerning the molecular and genetic background of these three neoplasms and, of their most common variants, highlights the putative therapeutic targets and the clinical trials that are presently active, and notes the fundamental issues that remain unanswered. In the era of personalized medicine, the rarity of sarcomas may not be the major obstacle, provided that each patient is studied extensively according to a road map that combines emerging genomic and functional approaches toward the selection of novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
131
|
Genomics of MPNST (GeM) Consortium: Rationale and Study Design for Multi-Omic Characterization of NF1-Associated and Sporadic MPNSTs. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040387. [PMID: 32252413 PMCID: PMC7231181 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Genomics of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor (GeM) Consortium is an international collaboration focusing on multi-omic analysis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs), the most aggressive tumor associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Here we present a summary of current knowledge gaps, a description of our consortium and the cohort we have assembled, and an overview of our plans for multi-omic analysis of these tumors. We propose that our analysis will lead to a better understanding of the order and timing of genetic events related to MPNST initiation and progression. Our ten institutions have assembled 96 fresh frozen NF1-related (63%) and sporadic MPNST specimens from 86 subjects with corresponding clinical and pathological data. Clinical data have been collected as part of the International MPNST Registry. We will characterize these tumors with bulk whole genome sequencing, RNAseq, and DNA methylation profiling. In addition, we will perform multiregional analysis and temporal sampling, with the same methodologies, on a subset of nine subjects with NF1-related MPNSTs to assess tumor heterogeneity and cancer evolution. Subsequent multi-omic analyses of additional archival specimens will include deep exome sequencing (500×) and high density copy number arrays for both validation of results based on fresh frozen tumors, and to assess further tumor heterogeneity and evolution. Digital pathology images are being collected in a cloud-based platform for consensus review. The result of these efforts will be the largest MPNST multi-omic dataset with correlated clinical and pathological information ever assembled.
Collapse
|
132
|
Baumhoer D, Höller S. [Molecular pathology in the diagnosis of bone tumors: current concepts]. DER PATHOLOGE 2020; 41:106-115. [PMID: 31993697 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-019-00746-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The integrative evaluation of histology and corresponding imaging is essential for the classification of bone tumors. Until a few years ago, there were hardly any molecular markers that could be used for diagnostic purposes. However, exome- and genome-wide sequencing analyses have since uncovered a number of tumor-specific aberrations that can be very helpful in ambiguous cases. In addition to characteristic gene mutations (e.g. H3F3A and H3F3B in giant-cell tumors and chondroblastomas), the detection of fusion transcripts (e.g. structural rearrangements in the AP‑1 transcription factors FOS and FOSB in osteoid osteomas and osteoblastomas) plays an increasing role. The article gives an overview of the current state of knowledge of the most important alterations in bone tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Baumhoer
- Knochentumor-Referenzzentrum, Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsspital Basel, Universität Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, Basel, 4031, Schweiz.
| | - Sylvia Höller
- Knochentumor-Referenzzentrum, Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsspital Basel, Universität Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, Basel, 4031, Schweiz
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
[Osteoid-forming bone tumors : Morphology and current translational cell biology]. DER PATHOLOGE 2020; 41:123-133. [PMID: 32078700 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-020-00763-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma are the most important benign osteoid-forming tumors. They grow slowly and are well differentiated. Histologically, the tumor cells show no atypia and no increased mitoses. In typical cases, they can be clearly diagnosed. However, the rare cases on the dividing line between osteoblastoma and osteosarcoma are extremely problematic. In these cases, molecular genetic investigations should contribute to finding the correct diagnosis in the future.Juvenile highly malignant osteosarcoma is the most important malignant osteoid-forming tumor. About 40 years ago, neoadjuvant chemotherapy was introduced for the mostly young patients. This therapy highly significantly improved prognosis. However, a plateau phase was quickly reached and the last several decades have seen no further progress in conventional therapeutic approaches. There is no doubt that further progress can only be achieved on the basis of new molecular genetic and cell biological findings. The target-therapeutic strategies derived from these findings will be discussed in this review.The rare parosteal osteosarcoma and the even rarer periosteal osteosarcoma are mostly not highly malignant tumors that are located on the surface of bone. The parosteal osteosarcoma is usually G1 and the periosteal osteosarcoma G2. Occasionally, the differential diagnosis between a parosteal osteosarcoma and a fibrous dysplasia is difficult. In such rare cases, the detection of GNAS mutations in fibrous dysplasia can prove useful. In contrast to chondromas and chondrosarcomas, periosteal osteosarcomas do not contain IDH1 and IDH2 mutations.
Collapse
|
134
|
Beck O, Paret C, Russo A, Burhenne J, Fresnais M, Steimel K, Seidmann L, Wagner DC, Vewinger N, Lehmann N, Sprang M, Backes N, Roth L, Neu MA, Wingerter A, Henninger N, El Malki K, Otto H, Alt F, Desuki A, Kindler T, Faber J. Safety and Activity of the Combination of Ceritinib and Dasatinib in Osteosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040793. [PMID: 32224911 PMCID: PMC7225940 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in pediatric patients. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway plays a relevant role in the biology of OS but no IGF targeted therapies have been successful as monotherapy so far. Here, we tested the effect of three IGF specific inhibitors and tested ceritinib as an off-target inhibitor, alone or in combination with dasatinib, on the proliferation of seven primary OS cells. Picropodophyllin, particularly in combination with dasatinib and the combination ceritinib/dasatinib were effective in abrogating the proliferation. The ceritinib/dasatinib combination was applied to the primary cells of a 16-year-old girl with a long history of lung metastases, and was more effective than cabozantinib and olaparib. Therefore, the combination was used to treat the patient. The treatment was well tolerated, with toxicity limited to skin rush and diarrhea. A histopathological evaluation of the tumor after three months of therapy indicated regions of high necrosis and extensive infiltration of macrophages. The extension of the necrosis was proportional to the concentration of dasatinib and ceritinib in the area, as analysed by an ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS). After the cessation of the therapy, radiological analysis indicated a massive growth of the patient’s liver metastases. In conclusion, these data indicate that the combination of ceritinib/dasatinib is safe and may be used to develop new therapy protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Beck
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (N.V.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (L.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.W.); (N.H.); (K.E.M.); (H.O.); (F.A.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
| | - Claudia Paret
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (N.V.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (L.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.W.); (N.H.); (K.E.M.); (H.O.); (F.A.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), site Frankfurt/Mainz, Germany, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Russo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (N.V.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (L.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.W.); (N.H.); (K.E.M.); (H.O.); (F.A.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), site Frankfurt/Mainz, Germany, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Burhenne
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.B.); (M.F.); (K.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)-German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Margaux Fresnais
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.B.); (M.F.); (K.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)-German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kevin Steimel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.B.); (M.F.); (K.S.)
| | - Larissa Seidmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.S.); (D.-C.W.)
| | - Daniel-Christoph Wagner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.S.); (D.-C.W.)
| | - Nadine Vewinger
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (N.V.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (L.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.W.); (N.H.); (K.E.M.); (H.O.); (F.A.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
| | - Nadine Lehmann
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (N.V.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (L.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.W.); (N.H.); (K.E.M.); (H.O.); (F.A.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
| | - Maximilian Sprang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (N.V.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (L.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.W.); (N.H.); (K.E.M.); (H.O.); (F.A.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
| | - Nora Backes
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (N.V.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (L.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.W.); (N.H.); (K.E.M.); (H.O.); (F.A.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
| | - Lea Roth
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (N.V.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (L.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.W.); (N.H.); (K.E.M.); (H.O.); (F.A.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
| | - Marie Astrid Neu
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (N.V.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (L.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.W.); (N.H.); (K.E.M.); (H.O.); (F.A.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
| | - Arthur Wingerter
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (N.V.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (L.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.W.); (N.H.); (K.E.M.); (H.O.); (F.A.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
| | - Nicole Henninger
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (N.V.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (L.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.W.); (N.H.); (K.E.M.); (H.O.); (F.A.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
| | - Khalifa El Malki
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (N.V.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (L.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.W.); (N.H.); (K.E.M.); (H.O.); (F.A.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
| | - Henrike Otto
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (N.V.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (L.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.W.); (N.H.); (K.E.M.); (H.O.); (F.A.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
| | - Francesca Alt
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (N.V.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (L.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.W.); (N.H.); (K.E.M.); (H.O.); (F.A.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
| | - Alexander Desuki
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
- Department of Hematology, Medical Oncology, and Pneumology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Kindler
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), site Frankfurt/Mainz, Germany, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Medical Oncology, and Pneumology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Joerg Faber
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (N.V.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (L.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.W.); (N.H.); (K.E.M.); (H.O.); (F.A.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), site Frankfurt/Mainz, Germany, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6131-17-6821
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Subsequent primary neoplasms among bone sarcoma survivors; increased risks remain after 30 years of follow-up and in the latest treatment era, a nationwide population-based study. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:1242-1249. [PMID: 32066914 PMCID: PMC7156510 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0748-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term risks and time trends of subsequent primary neoplasms (SPNs) among Ewing (ES) and osteosarcoma (OS) survivors are not fully understood. METHODS We performed a nationwide study of all ES and OS patients identified in the Swedish Cancer Registry from 1958 to 2015 with up to 58 years of follow-up. The risk of SPN was compared with that of the general population using standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) and absolute excess risks (AERs). RESULTS One hundred and fifteen SPNs were diagnosed among 1779 patients with ES or OS, yielding an overall SIR of 2.3 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.9-2.7). The risk remained significantly increased in the latest treatment era (SIR2000-2015 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.5). The highest absolute excess risks (AER) was due to breast cancer (AER 15.2/10,000 person-years; 95% CI, 5.0-29.8) followed by female genital malignancies (AER 9.5/10,000 person-years; 95% CI, 2.4-21.5). The excess breast cancer risk among ES survivors was noted also after 30 years of follow-up with 127 extra breast cancers/10,000 person-years (95% CI, 6.6-419). CONCLUSIONS Breast- and female genital malignancies contribute most to the excess risk of SPN among ES and OS survivors. Importantly, excess risks did not decline over calendar time or long-term follow-up.
Collapse
|
136
|
Cabrera-Andrade A, López-Cortés A, Jaramillo-Koupermann G, Paz-y-Miño C, Pérez-Castillo Y, Munteanu CR, González-Díaz H, Pazos A, Tejera E. Gene Prioritization through Consensus Strategy, Enrichment Methodologies Analysis, and Networking for Osteosarcoma Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031053. [PMID: 32033398 PMCID: PMC7038221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common subtype of primary bone cancer, affecting mostly adolescents. In recent years, several studies have focused on elucidating the molecular mechanisms of this sarcoma; however, its molecular etiology has still not been determined with precision. Therefore, we applied a consensus strategy with the use of several bioinformatics tools to prioritize genes involved in its pathogenesis. Subsequently, we assessed the physical interactions of the previously selected genes and applied a communality analysis to this protein–protein interaction network. The consensus strategy prioritized a total list of 553 genes. Our enrichment analysis validates several studies that describe the signaling pathways PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK as pathogenic. The gene ontology described TP53 as a principal signal transducer that chiefly mediates processes associated with cell cycle and DNA damage response It is interesting to note that the communality analysis clusters several members involved in metastasis events, such as MMP2 and MMP9, and genes associated with DNA repair complexes, like ATM, ATR, CHEK1, and RAD51. In this study, we have identified well-known pathogenic genes for osteosarcoma and prioritized genes that need to be further explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cabrera-Andrade
- Grupo de Bio-Quimioinformática, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador;
- Carrera de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador
- RNASA-IMEDIR, Computer Sciences Faculty, University of A Coruna, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (A.L.-C.); (C.R.M.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.-A.); (E.T.); Tel.: +593-2398-1000 (ext. 2717) (A.C.-A.); +593-2398-1000 (ext. 713) (E.T.)
| | - Andrés López-Cortés
- RNASA-IMEDIR, Computer Sciences Faculty, University of A Coruna, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (A.L.-C.); (C.R.M.); (A.P.)
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170129, Ecuador;
| | - Gabriela Jaramillo-Koupermann
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Subproceso de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital de Especialidades Eugenio Espejo, Quito 170403, Ecuador;
| | - César Paz-y-Miño
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170129, Ecuador;
| | - Yunierkis Pérez-Castillo
- Grupo de Bio-Quimioinformática, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador;
- Escuela de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador
| | - Cristian R. Munteanu
- RNASA-IMEDIR, Computer Sciences Faculty, University of A Coruna, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (A.L.-C.); (C.R.M.); (A.P.)
- Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña (INIBIC), University Hospital Complex of A Coruña (CHUAC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (CITIC), Campus de Elviña s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Humbert González-Díaz
- Department of Organic Chemistry II, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Pazos
- RNASA-IMEDIR, Computer Sciences Faculty, University of A Coruna, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (A.L.-C.); (C.R.M.); (A.P.)
- Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña (INIBIC), University Hospital Complex of A Coruña (CHUAC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (CITIC), Campus de Elviña s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Eduardo Tejera
- Grupo de Bio-Quimioinformática, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador;
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador
- Correspondence: (A.C.-A.); (E.T.); Tel.: +593-2398-1000 (ext. 2717) (A.C.-A.); +593-2398-1000 (ext. 713) (E.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Tirtei E, Cereda M, De Luna E, Quarello P, Asaftei SD, Fagioli F. Omic approaches to pediatric bone sarcomas. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020; 67:e28072. [PMID: 31736201 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, next-generation sequencing technologies have improved our ability to assess biological aspects, at genomic and transcriptomic levels, on a large scale- and have been increasingly used for the management of adult cancers. However, their efficacy and feasibility within pediatrics is still under investigation. "Omic" approaches represent an opportunity to understand the oncogenic mechanisms driving the onset and progression of bone sarcoma and improve the clinical management of young patients with bone sarcomas. This review focuses on the current genomic and transcriptomic characteristics of managing pediatric patients, affected by Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Tirtei
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Cereda
- Cancer Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Torino, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO, IRCCS, Turin, Italy
| | - Elvira De Luna
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Quarello
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Sebastian Dorin Asaftei
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Franca Fagioli
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Zhao J, Dean DC, Hornicek FJ, Yu X, Duan Z. Emerging next-generation sequencing-based discoveries for targeted osteosarcoma therapy. Cancer Lett 2020; 474:158-167. [PMID: 31987920 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone malignancy and is frequently lethal via metastasis to the lung. While surgical techniques and adjuvant chemotherapies have emerged to combat this deadly cancer, the 5-year survival rate has plateaued over the past four decades. Therapeutic progress has been notably poor because past technologies have not been able to reveal obscured OS biomarkers and targets. With the advent and implementation of large-scale next-generation sequencing (NGS) studies, various somatic mutations and copy number changes involved in OS progression and metastasis have surfaced. These findings have significantly expanded the amount of genome-informed pathways and candidate genes suitable for targeting in pre-clinical models. Furthermore, NGS analyses comparing primary and matched pulmonary metastatic tumor tissues have catalogued previously unknown prognostic biomarkers in OS. In this review, we delineate the most recent findings in NGS for OS therapy and how this technology has advanced personalized therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Jinan, Shandong, 250031, China.
| | - Dylan C Dean
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Xiuchun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Jinan, Shandong, 250031, China.
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Using Liquid Biopsy in the Treatment of Patient with OS. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1257:95-105. [PMID: 32483734 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43032-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsies encompass a number of new technologies designed to derive tumor data through the minimally invasive sampling of an accessible body fluid. These technologies remain early in their clinical development, and applications for patients with osteosarcoma are actively under investigation. In this chapter, we outline the current state of liquid biopsy technologies as they apply to cancer generally and osteosarcoma specifically, focusing on assays that detect and profile circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNAs (miRNA), and circulating tumor cells (CTCs). At present, ctDNA assays are the most mature, with multiple assays demonstrating the feasibility of detecting and quantifying ctDNA from blood samples of patients with osteosarcoma. Initial studies show that ctDNA can be detected in the majority of patients with osteosarcoma and that the detection and level of ctDNA correlates with a worse prognosis. Profiling of ctDNA can also identify specific somatic events that may have prognostic relevance, such as 8q gain in osteosarcoma. miRNAs are stable RNAs that regulate gene expression and are known to be dysregulated in cancer, and patterns of miRNA expression have been evaluated in multiple studies of patients with osteosarcoma. While studies have identified differential expression of many miRNAs in osteosarcomas compared to healthy controls, a consensus set of prognostic miRNAs has yet to be definitively validated. Recent studies have also demonstrated the feasibility of capturing CTCs in patients with osteosarcoma. The development of assays that quantify and profile CTCs for use as prognostic biomarkers or tools for biologic discovery is still in development. However, CTC technology holds incredible promise given the potential to perform multi-omic approaches in single cancer cells to understand osteosarcoma heterogeneity and tumor evolution. The next step required to move liquid biopsy technologies closer to helping patients will be wide-scale collection of patient samples from large prospective studies.
Collapse
|
140
|
Franceschini N, Lam SW, Cleton-Jansen AM, Bovée JVMG. What's new in bone forming tumours of the skeleton? Virchows Arch 2020; 476:147-157. [PMID: 31741049 PMCID: PMC6969005 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-019-02683-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone tumours are difficult to diagnose and treat, as they are rare and over 60 different subtypes are recognised. The emergence of next-generation sequencing has partly elucidated the molecular mechanisms behind these tumours, including the group of bone forming tumours (osteoma, osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma and osteosarcoma). Increased knowledge on the molecular mechanism could help to identify novel diagnostic markers and/or treatment options. Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma are bone forming tumours without malignant potential that have overlapping morphology. They were recently shown to carry FOS and-to a lesser extent-FOSB rearrangements suggesting that these tumours are closely related. The presence of these rearrangements could help discriminate these entities from other lesions with woven bone deposition. Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone forming tumour for which different histological subtypes are recognised. High-grade osteosarcoma is the prototype of a complex karyotype tumour, and extensive research exploring its molecular background has identified phenomena like chromothripsis and kataegis and some recurrent alterations. Due to lack of specificity, this has not led to a valuable novel diagnostic marker so far. Nevertheless, these studies have also pointed towards potential targetable drivers of which the therapeutic merit remains to be further explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasja Franceschini
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, L1-Q, 2300 RC, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Suk Wai Lam
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, L1-Q, 2300 RC, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Cleton-Jansen
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, L1-Q, 2300 RC, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Judith V M G Bovée
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, L1-Q, 2300 RC, Leiden, Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Asano N, Takeshima H, Yamashita S, Takamatsu H, Hattori N, Kubo T, Yoshida A, Kobayashi E, Nakayama R, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M, Ichikawa H, Kawai A, Kondo T, Ushijima T. Epigenetic reprogramming underlies efficacy of DNA demethylation therapy in osteosarcomas. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20360. [PMID: 31889115 PMCID: PMC6937291 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) patients with metastasis or recurrent tumors still suffer from poor prognosis. Studies have indicated the efficacy of DNA demethylation therapy for OS, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Here, we aimed to clarify the mechanism of how epigenetic therapy has therapeutic efficacy in OS. Treatment of four OS cell lines with a DNA demethylating agent, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) treatment, markedly suppressed their growth, and in vivo efficacy was further confirmed using two OS xenografts. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis showed that 10 of 28 primary OS had large numbers of methylated CpG islands while the remaining 18 OS did not, clustering together with normal tissue samples and Ewing sarcoma samples. Among the genes aberrantly methylated in primary OS, genes involved in skeletal system morphogenesis were present. Searching for methylation-silenced genes by expression microarray screening of two OS cell lines after 5-aza-dC treatment revealed that multiple tumor-suppressor and osteo/chondrogenesis-related genes were re-activated by 5-aza-dC treatment of OS cells. Simultaneous activation of multiple genes related to osteogenesis and cell proliferation, namely epigenetic reprogramming, was considered to underlie the efficacy of DNA demethylation therapy in OS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Asano
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeshima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hironori Takamatsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Naoko Hattori
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Department of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Robert Nakayama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ichikawa
- Department of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akira Kawai
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kondo
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Steele CD, Pillay N. The genomics of undifferentiated sarcoma of soft tissue: Progress, challenges and opportunities. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 61:42-55. [PMID: 31866474 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Undifferentiated sarcoma of soft tissue (USTS) are aggressive sarcomas that remain a diagnosis of exclusion and show extreme genomic complexity. Many advances in diagnostic criteria have resulted in several revisions in the definition of this rare cancer type. Recent sequencing efforts have illuminated the nature of the genome complexity and have revealed extensive copy number heterogeneity and multiple evolutionary patterns of development. This review places these recent advances into their historical and translational context and covers the changes in nomenclature, molecular classification, and the promise of personalised medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Steele
- Research Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nischalan Pillay
- Research Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
de Azevedo JWV, de Medeiros Fernandes TAA, Fernandes JV, de Azevedo JCV, Lanza DCF, Bezerra CM, Andrade VS, de Araújo JMG, Fernandes JV. Biology and pathogenesis of human osteosarcoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:1099-1116. [PMID: 31966039 PMCID: PMC6955653 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a bone tumor of mesenchymal origin, most frequently occurring during the rapid growth phase of long bones, and usually located in the epiphyseal growth plates of the femur or the tibia. Its most common feature is genome disorganization, aneuploidy with chromosomal alterations, deregulation of tumor suppressor genes and of the cell cycle, and an absence of DNA repair. This suggests the involvement of surveillance failures, DNA repair or apoptosis control during osteogenesis, allowing the survival of cells which have undergone alterations during differentiation. Epigenetic events, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome remodeling and expression of non-coding RNAs have been identified as possible risk factors for the tumor. It has been reported that p53 target genes or those genes that have their activity modulated by p53, in addition to other tumor suppressor genes, are silenced in OS-derived cell lines by hypermethylation of their promoters. In osteogenesis, osteoblasts are formed from pluripotent mesenchymal cells, with potential for self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation into various cell types. This involves complex signaling pathways and multiple factors. Any disturbance in this process can cause deregulation of the differentiation and proliferation of these cells, leading to the malignant phenotype. Therefore, the origin of OS seems to be multifactorial, involving the deregulation of differentiation of mesenchymal cells and tumor suppressor genes, activation of oncogenes, epigenetic events and the production of cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Christiane Medeiros Bezerra
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Vânia Sousa Andrade
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - José Veríssimo Fernandes
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Feng X, Pleasance E, Zhao EY, Ng T, Grewal JK, Mohammad N, Taylor SK, Simmons C, Srikanthan A, Rassekh SR, Deyell R, Rauw J, Knowling M, Khoo K, Lee U, Noonan K, Hart J, Tonseth RP, Shen Y, Titmuss E, Jones M, Bonakdar M, Reisle C, Taylor GA, Chan S, Mungall K, Chuah E, Zhao Y, Mungall A, Moore R, Lim H, Renouf DJ, Gelmon K, Yip S, Jones SJM, Marra M, Laskin J. Therapeutic Implication of Genomic Landscape of Adult Metastatic Sarcoma. JCO Precis Oncol 2019; 3:1-25. [PMID: 35100702 DOI: 10.1200/po.18.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated therapeutic potential of integrated genome and transcriptome profiling of metastatic sarcoma, a rare but extremely heterogeneous group of aggressive mesenchymal malignancies with few systemic therapeutic options. METHODS Forty-three adult patients with advanced or metastatic non-GI stromal tumor sarcomas of various histology subtypes who were enrolled in the Personalized OncoGenomics program at BC Cancer were included in this study. Fresh tumor tissues along with blood samples underwent whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing. RESULTS The most frequent genomic alterations in this cohort are large-scale structural variation and somatic copy number variation. Outlier RNA expression as well as somatic copy number variations, structural variations, and small mutations together suggest the presence of one or more potential therapeutic targets in the majority of patients in our cohort. Point mutations or deletions in known targetable cancer genes are rare; for example, tuberous sclerosis complex 2 provides a rationale for targeting the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, resulting in a few patients with exceptional clinical benefit from everolimus. In addition, we observed recurrent 17p11-12 amplifications, which seem to be a sarcoma-specific event. This may suggest that this region harbors an oncogene(s) that is significant for sarcoma tumorigenesis. Furthermore, some sarcoma tumors carrying a distinct mutational signature suggestive of homologous recombination deficiency seem to demonstrate sensitivity to double-strand DNA-damaging agents. CONCLUSION Integrated large-scale genomic analysis may provide insights into potential therapeutic targets as well as novel biologic features of metastatic sarcomas that could fuel future experimental and clinical research and help design biomarker-driven basket clinical trials for novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric Y Zhao
- BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tony Ng
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Sara K Taylor
- BC Cancer-Kelowna, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - S Rod Rassekh
- BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rebecca Deyell
- BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Kong Khoo
- BC Cancer, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ursula Lee
- BC Cancer, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Jason Hart
- BC Cancer, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Simon Chan
- BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Eric Chuah
- BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Howard Lim
- BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Stephen Yip
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Marco Marra
- BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
145
|
Izadpanah S, Shabani P, Aghebati-Maleki A, Baghbanzadeh A, Fotouhi A, Bisadi A, Aghebati-Maleki L, Baradaran B. Prospects for the involvement of cancer stem cells in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4167-4182. [PMID: 31709547 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common bone tumors in children and adolescents that cause a high rate of mortality in this age group and tends to be metastatic, in spite of chemotherapy and surgery. The main reason for this can be returned to a small group of malignant cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs). OS-CSCs play a key role in the resistance to treatment and relapse and metastasis through self-renewal and differentiation abilities. In this review, we intend to go through the different aspects of this malignant disease, including the cancer stem cell-phenotype, methods for isolating CSCs, signaling pathways, and molecular markers in this disease, and drugs showing resistance in treatment efforts of OS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sama Izadpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parastoo Shabani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Fotouhi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Bisadi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leili Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Hong W, Zhang W, Guan R, Liang Y, Hu S, Ji Y, Liu M, Lu H, Yu M, Ma L. Genome-wide profiling of prognosis-related alternative splicing signatures in sarcoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:557. [PMID: 31807538 PMCID: PMC6861818 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.09.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcomas (SARCs) are rare malignant tumors with poor prognosis. Increasing evidence has suggested that aberrant alternative splicing (AS) is strongly associated with tumor initiation and progression. We considered whether survival-related AS events might serve as prognosis predictors and underlying targeted molecules in SARC treatment. METHODS RNA-Seq data of the SARC cohort were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Survival-related AS events were selected by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Metascape was used for constructing a gene interaction network and performing functional enrichment analysis. Then, prognosis predictors were established based on statistically significant survival-related AS events and evaluated by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Finally, the potential regulatory network was analyzed via Pearson's correlation between survival-related AS events and splicing factors (SFs). RESULTS A total of 3,610 AS events and 2,291 genes were found to be prognosis-related in 261 SARC samples. The focal adhesion pathway was identified as the most critical molecular mechanism corresponding to poor prognosis. Notably, several prognosis predictors based on survival-related AS events showed excellent performance in prognosis prediction. The area under the curve of the ROC of the risk score was 0.85 in the integrated predictor. The splicing network proved complicated regulation between prognosis-related SFs and AS events. Also, driver gene mutations were significantly associated with AS in SARC patients. CONCLUSIONS Survival-related AS events may become ideal indictors for the prognosis prediction of SARCs. Corresponding splicing regulatory mechanisms are worth further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Hong
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weicong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Renguo Guan
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yuying Liang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shixiong Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yayun Ji
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mouyuan Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hai Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Liheng Ma
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Houghton PJ, Kurmasheva RT. Challenges and Opportunities for Childhood Cancer Drug Development. Pharmacol Rev 2019; 71:671-697. [PMID: 31558580 PMCID: PMC6768308 DOI: 10.1124/pr.118.016972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer in children is rare with approximately 15,700 new cases diagnosed in the United States annually. Through use of multimodality therapy (surgery, radiation therapy, and aggressive chemotherapy), 70% of patients will be "cured" of their disease, and 5-year event-free survival exceeds 80%. However, for patients surviving their malignancy, therapy-related long-term adverse effects are severe, with an estimated 50% having chronic life-threatening toxicities related to therapy in their fourth or fifth decade of life. While overall intensive therapy with cytotoxic agents continues to reduce cancer-related mortality, new understanding of the molecular etiology of many childhood cancers offers an opportunity to redirect efforts to develop effective, less genotoxic therapeutic options, including agents that target oncogenic drivers directly, and the potential for use of agents that target the tumor microenvironment and immune-directed therapies. However, for many high-risk cancers, significant challenges remain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Houghton
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Raushan T Kurmasheva
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Castillo-Tandazo W, Mutsaers AJ, Walkley CR. Osteosarcoma in the Post Genome Era: Preclinical Models and Approaches to Identify Tractable Therapeutic Targets. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2019; 17:343-352. [PMID: 31529263 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-019-00534-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common cancer of bone, yet is classified as a rare cancer. Treatment and outcomes for OS have not substantively changed in several decades. While the decoding of the OS genome greatly advanced the understanding of the mutational landscape of OS, immediately actionable therapeutic targets were not apparent. Here we describe recent preclinical models that can be leveraged to identify, test, and prioritize therapeutic candidates. RECENT FINDINGS The generation of multiple high fidelity murine models of OS, the spontaneous disease that arises in pet dogs, and the establishment of a diverse collection of patient-derived OS xenografts provide a robust preclinical platform for OS. These models enable evidence to be accumulated across multiple stages of preclinical evaluation. Chemical and genetic screening has identified therapeutic targets, often demonstrating cross species activity. Clinical trials in both PDX models and in canine OS have effectively tested new therapies for prioritization. Improving clinical outcomes in OS has proven elusive. The integrated target discovery and testing possible through a cross species platform provides validation of a putative target and may enable the rigorous evaluation of new therapies in models where endpoints can be rapidly assessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Castillo-Tandazo
- St. Vincent's Institute, 9 Princes St, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Anthony J Mutsaers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
| | - Carl R Walkley
- St. Vincent's Institute, 9 Princes St, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia.
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia.
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
The contribution of immune infiltrates and the local microenvironment in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. Cell Immunol 2019; 343:103711. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
150
|
Negri GL, Grande BM, Delaidelli A, El-Naggar A, Cochrane D, Lau CC, Triche TJ, Moore RA, Jones SJ, Montpetit A, Marra MA, Malkin D, Morin RD, Sorensen PH. Integrative genomic analysis of matched primary and metastatic pediatric osteosarcoma. J Pathol 2019; 249:319-331. [PMID: 31236944 DOI: 10.1002/path.5319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite being the most common childhood bone tumor, the genomic characterization of osteosarcoma remains incomplete. In particular, very few osteosarcoma metastases have been sequenced to date, critical to better understand mechanisms of progression and evolution in this tumor. We performed an integrated whole genome and exome sequencing analysis of paired primary and metastatic pediatric osteosarcoma specimens to identify recurrent genomic alterations. Sequencing of 13 osteosarcoma patients including 13 primary, 10 metastatic, and 3 locally recurring tumors revealed a highly heterogeneous mutational landscape, including cases of hypermutation and microsatellite instability positivity, but with virtually no recurrent alterations except for mutations involving the tumor suppressor genes RB1 and TP53. At the germline level, we detected alterations in multiple cancer related genes in the majority of the cohort, including those potentially disrupting DNA damage response pathways. Metastases retained only a minimal number of short variants from their corresponding primary tumors, while copy number alterations showed higher conservation. One recurrently amplified gene, KDR, was highly expressed in advanced cases and associated with poor prognosis. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luca Negri
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada.,Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Bruno M Grande
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Alberto Delaidelli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Amal El-Naggar
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Dawn Cochrane
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ching C Lau
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Timothy J Triche
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard A Moore
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Steven Jm Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alexandre Montpetit
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ryan D Morin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| |
Collapse
|