101
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Wang D, Fan Y, Malhi M, Bi R, Wu Y, Xu M, Yu XF, Long H, Li YY, Zhang DF, Yao YG. Missense Variants in HIF1A and LACC1 Contribute to Leprosy Risk in Han Chinese. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 102:794-805. [PMID: 29706348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and genome-wide linkage studies (GWLSs) have identified numerous risk genes affecting the susceptibility to leprosy. However, most of the reported GWAS hits are noncoding variants and account for only part of the estimated heritability for this disease. In order to identify additional risk genes and map the potentially functional variants within the GWAS loci, we performed a three-stage study combining whole-exome sequencing (WES; discovery stage), targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS; screening stage), and refined validation of risk missense variants in 1,433 individuals with leprosy and 1,625 healthy control individuals from Yunnan Province, Southwest China. We identified and validated a rare damaging variant, rs142179458 (c.1045G>A [p.Asp349Asn]) in HIF1A, as contributing to leprosy risk (p = 4.95 × 10-9, odds ratio [OR] = 2.266). We were able to show that affected individuals harboring the risk allele presented with multibacillary leprosy at an earlier age (p = 0.025). We also confirmed the association between missense variant rs3764147 (c.760A>G [p.Ile254Val]) in the GWAS hit LACC1 (formerly C13orf31) and leprosy (p = 6.11 × 10-18, OR = 1.605). By using the population attributable fraction, we have shown that HIF1A and LACC1 are the major genes with missense variants contributing to leprosy risk in our study groups. Consistently, mRNA expression levels of both HIF1A and LACC1 were upregulated in the skin lesions of individuals with leprosy and in Mycobacterium leprae-stimulated cells, indicating an active role of HIF1A and LACC1 in leprosy pathogenesis.
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102
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Kumar V. Targeting macrophage immunometabolism: Dawn in the darkness of sepsis. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 58:173-185. [PMID: 29625385 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is known since the time (470 BC) of great Greek physician, Hippocrates. Advancement in modern medicine and establishment of separate branches of medical science dealing with sepsis research have improved its outcome. However, mortality associated with sepsis still remains higher (25-30%) that further increases to 40-50% in the presence of septic shock. For example, sepsis-associated deaths account more in comparison to deaths-associated with myocardial-infarction and certain cancers (i.e. breast and colorectal cancer). However, it is now well established that profound activation of innate immune cells including macrophages play a very important role in the immunopathogenesis of sepsis. Macrophages are sentinel cells of the innate immune system with their location varying from peripheral blood to various target organs including lungs, liver, brain, kidneys, skin, testes, vascular endothelium etc. Thus, profound and dysregulated activation of these cells during sepsis can directly impact the outcome of sepsis. However, the emergence of the concept of immunometabolism as a major controller of immune response has raised a new hope for identifying new targets for immunomodulatory therapeutic approaches. Thus this present review starts with an introduction of sepsis as a major medical problem worldwide and signifies the role of dysregulated innate immune response including macrophages in its immunopathogenesis. Thereafter, subsequent sections describe changes in immunometabolic stage of macrophages (both M1 and M2) during sepsis. The article ends with the discussion of novel macrophage-specific therapeutic targets targeting their immunometabolism during sepsis and epigenetic regulation of macrophage immunometabolism and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kumar
- Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Mater Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4078, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4078, Australia.
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103
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Hall CJ, Sanderson LE, Lawrence LM, Pool B, van der Kroef M, Ashimbayeva E, Britto D, Harper JL, Lieschke GJ, Astin JW, Crosier KE, Dalbeth N, Crosier PS. Blocking fatty acid-fueled mROS production within macrophages alleviates acute gouty inflammation. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:1752-1771. [PMID: 29584621 DOI: 10.1172/jci94584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis affecting men. Acute gouty inflammation is triggered by monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition in and around joints that activates macrophages into a proinflammatory state, resulting in neutrophil recruitment. A complete understanding of how MSU crystals activate macrophages in vivo has been difficult because of limitations of live imaging this process in traditional animal models. By live imaging the macrophage and neutrophil response to MSU crystals within an intact host (larval zebrafish), we reveal that macrophage activation requires mitochondrial ROS (mROS) generated through fatty acid oxidation. This mitochondrial source of ROS contributes to NF-κB-driven production of IL-1β and TNF-α, which promote neutrophil recruitment. We demonstrate the therapeutic utility of this discovery by showing that this mechanism is conserved in human macrophages and, via pharmacologic blockade, that it contributes to neutrophil recruitment in a mouse model of acute gouty inflammation. To our knowledge, this study is the first to uncover an immunometabolic mechanism of macrophage activation that operates during acute gouty inflammation. Targeting this pathway holds promise in the management of gout and, potentially, other macrophage-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bregina Pool
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Jacquie L Harper
- Malaghan Institute for Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Graham J Lieschke
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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104
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Abstract
Traditionally cellular respiration or metabolism has been viewed as catabolic and anabolic pathways generating energy and biosynthetic precursors required for growth and general cellular maintenance. However, growing literature provides evidence of a much broader role for metabolic reactions and processes in controlling immunological effector functions. Much of this research into immunometabolism has focused on macrophages, cells that are central in pro- as well as anti-inflammatory responses—responses that in turn are a direct result of metabolic reprogramming. As we learn more about the precise role of metabolic pathways and pathway intermediates in immune function, a novel opportunity to target immunometabolism therapeutically has emerged. Here, we review the current understanding of the regulation of macrophage function through metabolic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciana Diskin
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eva M Pålsson-McDermott
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Dublin, Ireland
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105
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Abstract
Ether lipids, such as plasmalogens, are peroxisome-derived glycerophospholipids in which the hydrocarbon chain at the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone is attached by an ether bond, as opposed to an ester bond in the more common diacyl phospholipids. This seemingly simple biochemical change has profound structural and functional implications. Notably, the tendency of ether lipids to form non-lamellar inverted hexagonal structures in model membranes suggests that they have a role in facilitating membrane fusion processes. Ether lipids are also important for the organization and stability of lipid raft microdomains, cholesterol-rich membrane regions involved in cellular signaling. In addition to their structural roles, a subset of ether lipids are thought to function as endogenous antioxidants, and emerging studies suggest that they are involved in cell differentiation and signaling pathways. Here, we review the biology of ether lipids and their potential significance in human disorders, including neurological diseases, cancer, and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Dean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Irfan J Lodhi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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106
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Doe B, Brown E, Boroviak K. Generating CRISPR/Cas9-Derived Mutant Mice by Zygote Cytoplasmic Injection Using an Automatic Microinjector. Methods Protoc 2018; 1:mps1010005. [PMID: 31164552 PMCID: PMC6526459 DOI: 10.3390/mps1010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) assisted generation of mutant animals has become the method of choice for the elucidation of gene function in development and disease due to the shortened timelines for generation of a desired mutant, the ease of producing materials in comparison to other methodologies (such as embryonic stem cells, ESCs) and the ability to simultaneously target multiple genes in one injection session. Here we describe a step by step protocol, from preparation of materials through to injection and validation of a cytoplasmic injection, which can be used to generate CRISPR mutants. This can be accomplished from start of injection to completion within 2–4 h with high survival and developmental rates of injected zygotes and offers significant advantages over pronuclear and other previously described methodologies for microinjection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Doe
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK.
| | - Ellen Brown
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK.
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107
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Nigrovic PA, Raychaudhuri S, Thompson SD. Review: Genetics and the Classification of Arthritis in Adults and Children. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 70:7-17. [PMID: 29024575 DOI: 10.1002/art.40350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Current classification of primary inflammatory arthritis begins from the assumption that adults and children are different. No form of juvenile idiopathic arthritis bears the same name as an adult arthritis, a nomenclature gap with implications for both clinical care and research. Recent genetic data have raised questions regarding this adult/pediatric divide, revealing instead broad patterns that span the age spectrum. Combining these genetic patterns with demographic and clinical data, we propose that inflammatory arthritis can be segregated into 4 main clusters, largely irrespective of pediatric or adult onset: seropositive, seronegative (likely including a distinct group that usually begins in early childhood), spondyloarthritis, and systemic. Each of these broad clusters is internally heterogeneous, highlighting the need for further study to resolve etiologically discrete entities. Eliminating divisions based on arbitrary age cutoffs will enhance opportunities for collaboration between adult and pediatric rheumatologists, thereby helping to promote the understanding and treatment of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Nigrovic
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, and Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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108
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Revealing hidden complexities of genomic rearrangements generated with Cas9. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12867. [PMID: 28993641 PMCID: PMC5634419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12740-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Modelling human diseases caused by large genomic rearrangements has become more accessible since the utilization of CRISPR/Cas9 in mammalian systems. In a previous study, we showed that genomic rearrangements of up to one million base pairs can be generated by direct injection of CRISPR/Cas9 reagents into mouse zygotes. Although these rearrangements are ascertained by junction PCR, we describe here a variety of unanticipated structural changes often involving reintegration of the region demarcated by the gRNAs in the vicinity of the edited locus. We illustrate here some of this diversity detected by high-resolution fibre-FISH and conclude that extensive molecular analysis is required to fully understand the structure of engineered chromosomes generated by Cas9.
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109
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Huang SCC, Smith AM, Everts B, Colonna M, Pearce EL, Schilling JD, Pearce EJ. Metabolic Reprogramming Mediated by the mTORC2-IRF4 Signaling Axis Is Essential for Macrophage Alternative Activation. Immunity 2017; 45:817-830. [PMID: 27760338 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage activation status is intrinsically linked to metabolic remodeling. Macrophages stimulated by interleukin 4 (IL-4) to become alternatively (or, M2) activated increase fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation; these metabolic changes are critical for M2 activation. Enhanced glucose utilization is also characteristic of the M2 metabolic signature. Here, we found that increased glucose utilization is essential for M2 activation. Increased glucose metabolism in IL-4-stimulated macrophages required the activation of the mTORC2 pathway, and loss of mTORC2 in macrophages suppressed tumor growth and decreased immunity to a parasitic nematode. Macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) was implicated as a contributing upstream activator of mTORC2 in a pathway that involved PI3K and AKT. mTORC2 operated in parallel with the IL-4Rα-Stat6 pathway to facilitate increased glycolysis during M2 activation via the induction of the transcription factor IRF4. IRF4 expression required both mTORC2 and Stat6 pathways, providing an underlying mechanism to explain how glucose utilization is increased to support M2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Ching-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Amber M Smith
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bart Everts
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joel D Schilling
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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110
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Ryan DG, O'Neill LAJ. Krebs cycle rewired for macrophage and dendritic cell effector functions. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:2992-3006. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Gerard Ryan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology; Trinity College; Dublin Ireland
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111
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Parveen S, Reddy M. Identification of YfiH (PgeF) as a factor contributing to the maintenance of bacterial peptidoglycan composition. Mol Microbiol 2017; 105:705-720. [PMID: 28612943 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential, envelope-fortifying macromolecule of eubacterial cell walls. It is a large polymer with multiple glycan strands interconnected by short peptide chains forming a sac-like structure around cytoplasmic membrane. In most bacteria, the composition of the peptide chain is well-conserved and distinctive; in E. coli, the peptide chain length varies from two to five amino acids with a tetrapeptide consisting of L-alanine - D-glutamic acid - meso-diaminopimelic acid - D-alanine. However, it is not known how bacteria conserve the composition and sequence of peptide chains of PG. Here, we find that a conserved open reading frame of unknown function, YfiH (renamed PgeF) contributes to the maintenance of peptide composition in E. coli. Using genetic, biochemical and mass spectrometrical analyses we demonstrate that absence of yfiH results in incorporation of non-canonical amino acids, L-serine or glycine in place of L-alanine in PG sacculi leading to β-lactam - sensitivity, lethality in mutants defective in PG remodelling or recycling pathways, altered cell morphology and reduced PG synthesis. yfiH orthologs from other Gram-positive genera were able to compensate the absence of yfiH in E. coli indicating a conserved pathway in bacterial kingdom. Our results suggest editing/quality control mechanisms exist to maintain composition and integrity of bacterial peptidoglycan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiya Parveen
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Manjula Reddy
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
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112
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Abstract
The Edwin Bierman Award Lecture is presented in honor of the memory of Edwin L. Bierman, MD, an exemplary scientist, mentor, and leader in the field of diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis. The award and lecture recognizes a leading scientist in the field of macrovascular complications and contributing risk factors in diabetes. Clay F. Semenkovich, MD, the Irene E. and Michael M. Karl Professor and Chief of the Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, received the prestigious award at the American Diabetes Association's 76th Scientific Sessions, 10-14 June 2016, in New Orleans, LA. He presented the Edwin Bierman Award Lecture, "We Know More Than We Can Tell About Diabetes and Vascular Disease," on Sunday, 12 June 2016.Diabetes is a disorder of abnormal lipid metabolism, a notion strongly supported by the work of Edwin Bierman, for whom this eponymous lecture is named. This abnormal lipid environment continues to be associated with devastating vascular complications in diabetes despite current therapies, suggesting that our understanding of the pathophysiology of blood vessel disease in diabetes is limited. In this review, potential new insights into the nature of diabetic vasculopathy will be discussed. Recent observations suggest that while the concept of distinct macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes has been useful, vascular diseases in diabetes may be more interrelated than previously appreciated. Moreover, the intermediary metabolic pathway of de novo lipogenesis, which synthesizes lipids from simple precursors, is robustly sensitive to insulin and may contribute to these complications. De novo lipogenesis requires fatty acid synthase, and recent studies of this enzyme suggest that endogenously produced lipids are channeled to specific intracellular sites to affect physiology. These findings raise the possibility that novel approaches to treating diabetes and its complications could be based on altering the intracellular lipid milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clay F Semenkovich
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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113
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Geoepidemiology and Immunologic Features of Autoinflammatory Diseases: a Comprehensive Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2017; 54:454-479. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-017-8613-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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114
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Martorana D, Bonatti F, Mozzoni P, Vaglio A, Percesepe A. Monogenic Autoinflammatory Diseases with Mendelian Inheritance: Genes, Mutations, and Genotype/Phenotype Correlations. Front Immunol 2017; 8:344. [PMID: 28421071 PMCID: PMC5376573 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) are a genetically heterogeneous group of diseases caused by mutations of genes encoding proteins, which play a pivotal role in the regulation of the inflammatory response. In the pathogenesis of AIDs, the role of the genetic background is triggered by environmental factors through the modulation of the innate immune system. Monogenic AIDs are characterized by Mendelian inheritance and are caused by highly penetrant genetic variants in single genes. During the last years, remarkable progress has been made in the identification of disease-associated genes by using new technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, which has allowed the genetic characterization in undiagnosed patients and in sporadic cases by means of targeted resequencing of a gene panel and whole exome sequencing. In this review, we delineate the genetics of the monogenic AIDs, report the role of the most common gene mutations, and describe the evidences of the most sound genotype/phenotype correlations in AID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Martorana
- Unit of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonatti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Mozzoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Augusto Vaglio
- Unit of Nephrology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio Percesepe
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
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115
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The list of genes associated with systemic inflammatory diseases has been steadily growing because of the explosion of new genomic technologies. Significant advances in the past year have deepened our understanding of the molecular mechanisms linked to inflammation and elucidated insights on the efficacy of specific therapies for these and related conditions. We review the molecular pathogenesis of four recently characterized monogenic autoinflammatory diseases: haploinsufficiency of A20, otulipenia, a severe form of pyrin-associated disease, and a monogenic form of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. RECENT FINDINGS The scope of autoinflammation has been broadened to include defects in deubiquitination and cellular redox homeostasis. At the clinical level, we discuss the biological rationale for treatment with cytokine inhibitors and colchicine in respective conditions and the use of interleukin-1 antagonism for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in the management of undifferentiated autoinflammatory disorders. SUMMARY Gene discoveries coupled with studies of molecular function provide knowledge into the biology of inflammatory responses and form the basis for genomically informed therapies. Diseases of dysregulated ubiquitination constitute a novel category of human inflammatory disorders.
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116
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Aksentijevich I, McDermott MF. Lessons from characterization and treatment of the autoinflammatory syndromes. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2017; 29:187-194. [PMID: 27906774 PMCID: PMC5823535 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The list of genes associated with systemic inflammatory diseases has been steadily growing because of the explosion of new genomic technologies. Significant advances in the past year have deepened our understanding of the molecular mechanisms linked to inflammation and elucidated insights on the efficacy of specific therapies for these and related conditions. We review the molecular pathogenesis of four recently characterized monogenic autoinflammatory diseases: haploinsufficiency of A20, otulipenia, a severe form of pyrin-associated disease, and a monogenic form of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. RECENT FINDINGS The scope of autoinflammation has been broadened to include defects in deubiquitination and cellular redox homeostasis. At the clinical level, we discuss the biological rationale for treatment with cytokine inhibitors and colchicine in respective conditions and the use of interleukin-1 antagonism for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in the management of undifferentiated autoinflammatory disorders. SUMMARY Gene discoveries coupled with studies of molecular function provide knowledge into the biology of inflammatory responses and form the basis for genomically informed therapies. Diseases of dysregulated ubiquitination constitute a novel category of human inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivona Aksentijevich
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Michael F. McDermott
- NIHR-Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (NIHR-LMBRU), Leeds Institute of Rheumatology and Molecular Medicine, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds UK
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117
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Gorczyca D, Postępski J, Czajkowska A, Paściak M, Prescha A, Olesińska E, Gruenpeter A, Lachór-Motyka I, Szponar B. The profile of polyunsaturated fatty acids in juvenile idiopathic arthritis and association with disease activity. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 36:1269-1279. [PMID: 28247163 PMCID: PMC5486496 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3586-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the association between dietary intake of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), serum profiles, and immune and inflammatory markers in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in relation to onset, activity, and duration. A total of 66 JIA patients and 42 controls were included. Serum PUFA levels were assessed by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, a dietary intake by 7-day dietary record method, and IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A levels using ELISA. Dietary PUFA intake did not differ between the JIA group and controls. Intakes of n-6 and n-3 PUFA and serum levels were not associated. Levels of total n-6 PUFA and linoleic acid (LA) were higher in inactive JIA than in active JIA. Patients with active and short-lasting disease (less than 3 months from diagnosis) had significantly lower levels of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) than the control. Serum α-linolenic acid (ALA) levels were significantly higher in poly-JIA than in oligo-JIA and in controls. We found significantly higher serum IL-10 levels in JIA than in controls. Serum n-6 and n-3 levels were significantly negatively correlated with active joint count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein and positively with platelet count. Our study presents the low levels of AA and DHA in the active phase of short-lasting JIA, particularly poly-JIA, and the relationship between n-6 and n-3 PUFA and classic markers of inflammation. PUFAs may contribute to the pathogenesis of JIA and support a necessity to identify new targets suitable for successful interventional studies in JIA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiva Gorczyca
- Third Department and Clinic of Paediatrics, Immunology and Rheumatology of Developmental Age, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Jacek Postępski
- First Department of Paediatrics Pulmonology and Rheumatology, University of Medicine in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Czajkowska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mariola Paściak
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Prescha
- Department of Food Science and Dietetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Olesińska
- First Department of Paediatrics Pulmonology and Rheumatology, University of Medicine in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Gruenpeter
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, John Paul II Paediatric Centre, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Iwona Lachór-Motyka
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, John Paul II Paediatric Centre, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Bogumiła Szponar
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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118
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Takeuchi M, Mizuki N, Meguro A, Ombrello MJ, Kirino Y, Satorius C, Le J, Blake M, Erer B, Kawagoe T, Ustek D, Tugal-Tutkun I, Seyahi E, Ozyazgan Y, Sousa I, Davatchi F, Francisco V, Shahram F, Abdollahi BS, Nadji A, Shafiee NM, Ghaderibarmi F, Ohno S, Ueda A, Ishigatsubo Y, Gadina M, Oliveira SA, Gül A, Kastner DL, Remmers EF. Dense genotyping of immune-related loci implicates host responses to microbial exposure in Behçet's disease susceptibility. Nat Genet 2017; 49:438-443. [PMID: 28166214 PMCID: PMC5369770 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed 1,900 Turkish Behçet’s disease cases and 1,779 controls genotyped with the Immunochip. The most significantly associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was rs1050502, a tag SNP for HLA-B*51. In the Turkish discovery set, we identified three novel loci, IL1A-IL1B, IRF8, and CEBPB-PTPN1, with genome-wide significance (P<5×10−8) by direct genotyping, and ADO-EGR2 by imputation. ADO-EGR2, IRF8, and CEBPB-PTPN1 replicated by genotyping 969 Iranian cases and 826 controls. Imputed data in 608 Japanese cases and 737 controls replicated ADO-EGR2 and IRF8 and meta-analysis additionally identified RIPK2 and LACC1. The disease-associated allele of rs4402765, the lead marker of the IL1A-IL1B locus, was associated with both decreased interleukin-1α and increased interleukin-1β production. ABO non-secretor genotypes of two ancestry-specific FUT2 SNPs showed strong disease association (P=5.89×10−15). Our findings extend shared susceptibility genes with Crohn’s disease and leprosy, and implicate mucosal factors and the innate immune response to microbial exposure in Behçet’s disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Takeuchi
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Mizuki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akira Meguro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michael J Ombrello
- Translational Genetics and Genomics Unit, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yohei Kirino
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Colleen Satorius
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Julie Le
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary Blake
- Translational Immunology Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Burak Erer
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tatsukata Kawagoe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Duran Ustek
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Tugal-Tutkun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emire Seyahi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Cerrahpasş a Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yilmaz Ozyazgan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Inês Sousa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Fereydoun Davatchi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vânia Francisco
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Farhad Shahram
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abdolhadi Nadji
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fahmida Ghaderibarmi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shigeaki Ohno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsuhisa Ueda
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ishigatsubo
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Massimo Gadina
- Translational Immunology Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sofia A Oliveira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ahmet Gül
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Daniel L Kastner
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elaine F Remmers
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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119
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Ménégaut L, Thomas C, Lagrost L, Masson D. Fatty acid metabolism in macrophages: a target in cardio-metabolic diseases. Curr Opin Lipidol 2017; 28:19-26. [PMID: 27870652 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent studies have highlighted that macrophages dynamically and autonomously handle all the facets of fatty acid (FA) metabolism including FA oxidation and FA synthesis as well as the synthesis of monounsaturated FAs and long chain n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated FAs. RECENT FINDINGS Macrophage M2 polarization is associated with an increase of FA oxidation. However, whether increased FA oxidation simply correlates with or is required for M2 polarization needs to be further evaluated. Macrophage M1 polarization is associated with the activation of FA synthesis, which directly contributes to the inflammatory response and affects cholesterol homeostasis and neutral lipid accumulation. Finally, recent evidences suggest that macrophages are able to autonomously produce signaling monounsaturated FAs, such as palmitoleic acid (C16 : 1 n-7), and long chain n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated FAs, such as arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. This pathway is regulated by liver X receptors and has significant consequences on inflammation and on the FA composition of atheroma plaques. SUMMARY These studies shed new light on the tight relationship between FA metabolism, macrophage polarization, and M1/M2 macrophage functions. These processes may have major consequences for atherosclerosis pathogenesis as well as other metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Ménégaut
- aUniversity Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR866 bINSERM, LNC UMR866 cFCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté dCHU Dijon, laboratoire de Biochimie, Dijon, France
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120
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Langston PK, Shibata M, Horng T. Metabolism Supports Macrophage Activation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:61. [PMID: 28197151 PMCID: PMC5281575 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are found in most tissues of the body, where they have tissue- and context-dependent roles in maintaining homeostasis as well as coordinating adaptive responses to various stresses. Their capacity for specialized functions is controlled by polarizing signals, which activate macrophages by upregulating transcriptional programs that encode distinct effector functions. An important conceptual advance in the field of macrophage biology, emerging from recent studies, is that macrophage activation is critically supported by metabolic shifts. Metabolic shifts fuel multiple aspects of macrophage activation, and preventing these shifts impairs appropriate activation. These findings raise the exciting possibility that macrophage functions in various contexts could be regulated by manipulating their metabolism. Here, we review the rapidly evolving field of macrophage metabolism, discussing how polarizing signals trigger metabolic shifts and how these shifts enable appropriate activation and sustain effector activities. We also discuss recent studies indicating that the mitochondria are central hubs in inflammatory macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kent Langston
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Munehiko Shibata
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Tiffany Horng
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA , USA
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121
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Assadi G, Vesterlund L, Bonfiglio F, Mazzurana L, Cordeddu L, Schepis D, Mjösberg J, Ruhrmann S, Fabbri A, Vukojevic V, Percipalle P, Salomons FA, Laurencikiene J, Törkvist L, Halfvarson J, D’Amato M. Functional Analyses of the Crohn's Disease Risk Gene LACC1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168276. [PMID: 27959965 PMCID: PMC5154582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variation in the Laccase (multicopper oxidoreductase) domain-containing 1 (LACC1) gene has been shown to affect the risk of Crohn's disease, leprosy and, more recently, ulcerative colitis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. LACC1 function appears to promote fatty-acid oxidation, with concomitant inflammasome activation, reactive oxygen species production, and anti-bacterial responses in macrophages. We sought to contribute to elucidating LACC1 biological function by extensive characterization of its expression in human tissues and cells, and through preliminary analyses of the regulatory mechanisms driving such expression. METHODS We implemented Western blot, quantitative real-time PCR, immunofluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry analyses to investigate fatty acid metabolism-immune nexus (FAMIN; the LACC1 encoded protein) expression in subcellular compartments, cell lines and relevant human tissues. Gene-set enrichment analyses were performed to initially investigate modulatory mechanisms of LACC1 expression. A small-interference RNA knockdown in vitro model system was used to study the effect of FAMIN depletion on peroxisome function. RESULTS FAMIN expression was detected in macrophage-differentiated THP-1 cells and several human tissues, being highest in neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells among peripheral blood cells. Subcellular co-localization was exclusively confined to peroxisomes, with some additional positivity for organelle endomembrane structures. LACC1 co-expression signatures were enriched for genes involved in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling pathways, and PPAR ligands downregulated FAMIN expression in in vitro model systems. CONCLUSION FAMIN is a peroxisome-associated protein with primary role(s) in macrophages and other immune cells, where its metabolic functions may be modulated by PPAR signaling events. However, the precise molecular mechanisms through which FAMIN exerts its biological effects in immune cells remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Assadi
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liselotte Vesterlund
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ferdinando Bonfiglio
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luca Mazzurana
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lina Cordeddu
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Danika Schepis
- Rheumatology unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Mjösberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sabrina Ruhrmann
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alessia Fabbri
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Vladana Vukojevic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Piergiorgio Percipalle
- Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Florian A. Salomons
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jurga Laurencikiene
- Lipid laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leif Törkvist
- Gastrocentrum, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Halfvarson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Mauro D’Amato
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- BioDonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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Kallinich T, Thorwarth A, von Stuckrad SL, Rösen-Wolff A, Luksch H, Hundsdoerfer P, Minden K, Krawitz P. Juvenile arthritis caused by a novel FAMIN (LACC1) mutation in two children with systemic and extended oligoarticular course. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2016; 14:63. [PMID: 27881174 PMCID: PMC5122026 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-016-0124-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiological origin of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is largely unknown. However, individuals with presumably pathogenic mutations in FAMIN have been reported, associating this gene with a rare subtype of this disorder. FAMIN, that is formerly also referred to as LACC1 or C13orf31, has recently been shown to play a crucial role in immune-metabolic functions and is involved in regulation of inflammasome activation and promotion of ROS production. CASE PRESENTATION We describe two siblings with severe familial forms of juvenile arthritis in which whole-exome-sequencing revealed a novel homozygous frameshift mutation (NM_153218.2:c.827delC¸. p.(T276fs*2) in FAMIN. CONCLUSIONS The observation of a new deleterious mutation adds further evidence that pathogenic mutations in FAMIN are causal for a monogenic form of JIA. Furthermore the associated phenotype is not restricted to systemic JIA, but can also be found in other forms of familial juvenile arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilmann Kallinich
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany. .,Center for Chronically Sick Children of the Charité, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Anne Thorwarth
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany ,Center for Chronically Sick Children of the Charité, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sae-Lim von Stuckrad
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany ,Center for Chronically Sick Children of the Charité, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela Rösen-Wolff
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01037 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hella Luksch
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01037 Dresden, Germany
| | - Patrick Hundsdoerfer
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirsten Minden
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany ,Center for Chronically Sick Children of the Charité, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany ,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Krawitz
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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