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Chhana A, Pool B, Callon KE, Naot D, Gao R, Coleman B, Cornish J, McCarthy GM, Dalbeth N. Basic calcium phosphate crystals induce the expression of extracellular matrix remodelling enzymes in tenocytes. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:1343-1349. [PMID: 35809060 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Basic calcium phosphate (BCP) crystals contribute to several syndromes associated with tendon disease, including acute calcific tendinitis and Milwaukee shoulder syndrome. Interactions between BCP crystals and tenocytes (tendon cells) may contribute to these clinical syndromes. This study aimed to determine the direct effects of BCP crystals on tenocyte function and viability. METHODS In vitro assays were used to assess changes in human tenocytes cultured with BCP crystals. Real-time PCR was used to determine changes in the expression of tendon-related genes and extracellular matrix remodelling enzymes (MMPs; a disintegrin and metalloproteases, ADAMTS; and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, TIMPs). ELISA was used to measure protein concentrations in tenocyte supernatants. MTT and alamarBlue™ assays were used to determine changes in cell viability. RESULTS BCP crystals upregulated tenocyte gene expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, ADAMTS-4 and TIMP-1 after 24 h. Time-course experiments showed expression peaked at 8 h for TIMP-1 and 48 h for MMP-1 and ADAMTS-4. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 gene expression was upregulated after 48 h. Tenocytes did not alter expression of scleraxis and tendon collagens, and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was not induced with BCP crystals. BCP crystals increased tenocyte release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and MMP-1 protein after 24 h. However, neither COX-1 inhibition nor COX-2 inhibition led to consistent change in BCP crystal-induced tenocyte gene expression of extracellular matrix remodelling enzymes. BCP crystals had no effect on tenocyte viability. CONCLUSION BCP crystals induce extracellular matrix remodelling enzymes, but not inflammatory cytokines, in tenocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashika Chhana
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland
| | - Bregina Pool
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland
| | - Karen E Callon
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland
| | - Dorit Naot
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland
| | - Ryan Gao
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland
| | - Brendan Coleman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jillian Cornish
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland
| | - Geraldine M McCarthy
- Department of Rheumatology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland
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Naot D, Pool B, Chhana A, Gao R, Munro JT, Cornish J, Dalbeth N. Factors secreted by monosodium urate crystal-stimulated macrophages promote a proinflammatory state in osteoblasts: a potential indirect mechanism of bone erosion in gout. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:212. [PMID: 36064735 PMCID: PMC9442999 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02900-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tophi are lesions commonly present at sites of bone erosion in gout-affected joints. The tophus comprises a core of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals surrounded by soft tissue that contains macrophages and other immune cells. Previous studies found that MSU crystals directly reduce osteoblast viability and function. The aim of the current study was to determine the indirect, macrophage-mediated effects of MSU crystals on osteoblasts. METHODS Conditioned medium from the RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cell line cultured with MSU crystals was added to the MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblastic cell line. Conditioned medium from the THP-1 human monocytic cell line cultured with MSU crystals was added to primary human osteoblasts (HOBs). Matrix mineralization was assessed by von Kossa staining. Gene expression was determined by real-time PCR, and concentrations of secreted factors were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS In MC3T3-E1 cells cultured for 13 days in an osteogenic medium, the expression of the osteoblast marker genes Col1a1, Runx2, Sp7, Bglap, Ibsp, and Dmp1 was inhibited by a conditioned medium from MSU crystal-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Mineral staining of MC3T3-E1 cultures on day 21 confirmed the inhibition of osteoblast differentiation. In HOB cultures, the effect of 20 h incubation with a conditioned medium from MSU crystal-stimulated THP-1 monocytes on osteoblast gene expression was less consistent. Expression of the genes encoding cyclooxygenase-2 and IL-6 and secretion of the proinflammatory mediators PGE2 and IL-6 were induced in MC3T3-E1 and HOBs incubated with conditioned medium from MSU crystal-stimulated macrophages/monocytes. However, inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 activity and PGE2 secretion from HOBs indicated that this pathway does not play a major role in mediating the indirect effects of MSU crystals in HOBs. CONCLUSIONS Factors secreted from macrophages stimulated by MSU crystals attenuate osteoblast differentiation and induce the expression and secretion of proinflammatory mediators from osteoblasts. We suggest that bone erosion in joints affected by gout results from a combination of direct and indirect effects of MSU crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Naot
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bregina Pool
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ashika Chhana
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ryan Gao
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jacob T Munro
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jillian Cornish
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand.
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3
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Ahn SJ, Zhang D, Levine BD, Dalbeth N, Pool B, Ranganath VK, Benhaim P, Nelson SD, Hsieh SS, FitzGerald JD. Limitations of dual-energy CT in the detection of monosodium urate deposition in dense liquid tophi and calcified tophi. Skeletal Radiol 2021; 50:1667-1675. [PMID: 33532938 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-021-03715-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dual-energy CT (DECT) detection of monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition has demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity in patients with established gout. However, limitations have been reported with early disease and with low urate burden. We aimed to study the performance of DECT in the detection and quantification of MSU deposition in solid and liquid tophi. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patient-derived solid and liquid tophi, suspensions of commercial synthetic, and in-house synthetic MSU crystals were prepared at varying concentrations. DECT was performed at 80 kVp and 150 kVp, and post-processed using Syngo Via gout software (Siemens) that color-coded urate and cortical bone as green and purple, respectively. DECT findings were correlated with ultrasound and microscopic findings. The protocol was reviewed by IRB and considered a non-human subject research. RESULTS DECT did not detect urate deposition in either patient-derived liquid tophi or in-house synthetic crystals at any concentration. Lowering the post-processing minimum threshold increased the detection of in-house synthetic crystals but did not change the detection of patient-derived liquid tophi. Areas of calcium-rich purple color-coded regions, masking detection of urate, within the solid tophi and surrounding liquid tophi were noted on DECT. Histology showed co-presence of calcium along with MSU deposition in these. CONCLUSION This study illustrates important limitations of DECT for liquid tophi due to subthreshold CT attenuation and for calcified tophi due to the obscuration of urate by calcium. Urate may be either undetectable or underestimated by DECT when these conditions are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jin Ahn
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific St, Box 357115, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Dawen Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Benjamin D Levine
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bregina Pool
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Veena K Ranganath
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Prosper Benhaim
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott S Hsieh
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - John D FitzGerald
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Veteran Affairs Administration, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Murphy R, Gamble GD, House M, Pool B, Horne A, Merriman TR, Dalbeth N. Greater insulin response to acute fructose ingestion among Māori and Pacific people compared to European people living in Aotearoa New Zealand. Intern Med J 2019; 49:196-202. [PMID: 30298971 DOI: 10.1111/imj.14135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fructose consumption has been linked with insulin resistance, obesity and diabetes, which are more prevalent in those of Māori or Pacific ethnicity compared to New Zealand European. AIM To determine whether the acute effects of fructose consumption on serum glucose, insulin, lipids and C-reactive protein differs according to body mass index (BMI) and/or ethnicity. METHODS Participants of Māori (n = 25), Pacific (n = 26) or New Zealand European (n = 25) ethnicity consumed a 64 g fructose/16 g glucose solution. Changes in lipids, glucose, insulin and C-reactive protein were analysed using mixed models for repeated measures. RESULTS After adjustment for age and gender, those with higher BMI had a higher glucose (P = 0.0064) and insulin (P = 0.0007) response than those with lower BMI. Those of Māori or Pacific ethnicity had similar glucose levels (P = 0.077) to those of New Zealand European ethnicity but higher insulin responses (P = 0.0005), which remained after additional adjustment for BMI (P = 0.001). Reported sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) intake was higher among Māori and Pacific than New Zealand European (median 1.0 vs 0.0 SSB/day P = 0.002). CONCLUSION Even after adjustment for BMI, those of Māori and Pacific ethnicity have a significantly higher insulin response to fructose than New Zealand Europeans. Higher habitual SSB intake may be a contributing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinki Murphy
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre of Biodiscovery, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Greg D Gamble
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Meaghan House
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bregina Pool
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anne Horne
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Maurice Wilkins Centre of Biodiscovery, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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5
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Chhana A, Pool B, Wei Y, Choi A, Gao R, Munro J, Cornish J, Dalbeth N. Human Cartilage Homogenates Influence the Crystallization of Monosodium Urate and Inflammatory Response to Monosodium Urate Crystals: A Potential Link Between Osteoarthritis and Gout. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:2090-2099. [DOI: 10.1002/art.41038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ally Choi
- University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Ryan Gao
- University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
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6
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Rong J, Pool B, Zhu M, Munro J, Cornish J, McCarthy GM, Dalbeth N, Poulsen R. Basic Calcium Phosphate Crystals Induce Osteoarthritis-Associated Changes in Phenotype Markers in Primary Human Chondrocytes by a Calcium/Calmodulin Kinase 2-Dependent Mechanism. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 104:331-343. [PMID: 30456555 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0494-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chondrocytes in osteoarthritis undergo a phenotype shift leading to increased production of cartilage-degrading enzymes. There are similarities between the phenotype of osteoarthritic chondrocytes and those of growth plate chondrocytes. Hydroxyapatite can promote chondrocyte differentiation in the growth plate. Basic calcium phosphate (BCP) crystals (which consist of hydroxyapatite, octacalcium apatite and tricalcium phosphate) are frequently found in osteoarthritic joints. The objective of this study was to determine whether BCP crystals induce disease-associated changes in phenotypic marker expression in chondrocytes. Primary human chondrocytes isolated from macroscopically normal cartilage were treated with BCP for up to 48 h. Expression of indian hedgehog (IHH), matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and type X collagen (COLX) were higher, and expression of sry-box 9 (SOX9) lower, in BCP-treated chondrocytes (50 µg/mL) compared to untreated controls. COLX protein was also present in BCP-treated chondrocytes. Intracellular calcium and levels of phosphorylated and total calcium/calmodulin kinase 2 (CaMK2) were elevated following BCP treatment due to BCP-induced release of calcium from intracellular stores. CaMK2 inhibition or knockdown ameliorated the BCP-induced changes in SOX9, IHH, COLX, IL-6 and MMP13 expression. BCP crystals induce osteoarthritis-associated changes in phenotypic marker expression in chondrocytes by calcium-mediated activation of CaMK2. The presence of BCP crystals in osteoarthritic joints may contribute to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Rong
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bregina Pool
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark Zhu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jacob Munro
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jillian Cornish
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Raewyn Poulsen
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd Grafton, 1023, Auckland, New Zealand.
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7
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Wu Z, Koh B, Lawrence LM, Kanamala M, Pool B, Svirskis D, Dalbeth N, Astin JW, Crosier KE, Crosier PS, Hall CJ. Liposome-Mediated Drug Delivery in Larval Zebrafish to Manipulate Macrophage Function. Zebrafish 2019; 16:171-181. [PMID: 30724716 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2018.1681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical interventions are regularly used to examine and manipulate macrophage function in larval zebrafish. Given chemicals are typically administered by simple immersion or injection, it is not possible to resolve whether their impact on macrophage function is direct or indirect. Liposomes provide an attractive strategy to target drugs to specific cellular compartments, including macrophages. As an example, injecting liposomal clodronate into animal models, including zebrafish, is routinely used to deliver toxic levels of clodronate specifically to macrophages for targeted cell ablation. Here we show that liposomes can also target the delivery of drugs to zebrafish macrophages to selectively manipulate their function. We utilized the drugs etomoxir (a fatty acid oxidation inhibitor) and MitoTEMPO (a scavenger of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species [mROS]), that we have previously shown, through free drug delivery, suppress monosodium urate (MSU) crystal-driven macrophage activation. We generated poloxamer 188 modified liposomes that were readily phagocytosed by macrophages, but not by neutrophils. Loading these liposomes with etomoxir or MitoTEMPO and injecting into larvae suppressed macrophage activation in response to MSU crystals, as evidenced by proinflammatory cytokine expression and macrophage-driven neutrophil recruitment. This work reveals the utility of packaging drugs into liposomes as a strategy to selectively manipulate macrophage function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimei Wu
- 1 School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ben Koh
- 1 School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lisa M Lawrence
- 2 Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Manju Kanamala
- 1 School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bregina Pool
- 3 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Darren Svirskis
- 1 School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- 3 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan W Astin
- 2 Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn E Crosier
- 2 Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Philip S Crosier
- 2 Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christopher J Hall
- 2 Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Musson D, Tay M, Chhana A, Pool B, Coleman B, Naot D, Cornish J. Lactoferrin and parathyroid hormone are not harmful to primary tenocytes in vitro, but PDGF may be. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2019. [DOI: 10.32098/mltj.02.2017.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D.S. Musson
- Department of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - M.L. Tay
- Department of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - A. Chhana
- Department of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - B. Pool
- Department of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - B. Coleman
- Department of Orthopaedics, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - D. Naot
- Department of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - J. Cornish
- Department of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Chhana A, Pool B, Callon KE, Tay ML, Musson D, Naot D, McCarthy G, McGlashan S, Cornish J, Dalbeth N. Monosodium urate crystals reduce osteocyte viability and indirectly promote a shift in osteocyte function towards a proinflammatory and proresorptive state. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:208. [PMID: 30201038 PMCID: PMC6131786 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1704-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone erosion is a frequent complication of gout and is strongly associated with tophi, which are lesions comprising inflammatory cells surrounding collections of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. Osteocytes are important cellular mediators of bone remodeling. The aim of this study was to investigate the direct effects of MSU crystals and indirect effects of MSU crystal-induced inflammation on osteocytes. Methods For direct assays, MSU crystals were added to MLO-Y4 osteocyte cell line cultures or primary mouse osteocyte cultures. For indirect assays, the RAW264.7 macrophage cell line was cultured with or without MSU crystals, and conditioned medium from these cultures was added to MLO-Y4 cells. MLO-Y4 cell viability was assessed using alamarBlue® and LIVE/DEAD® assays, and MLO-Y4 cell gene expression and protein expression were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Histological analysis was used to examine the relationship between MSU crystals, inflammatory cells, and osteocytes in human joints affected by tophaceous gout. Results In direct assays, MSU crystals reduced MLO-Y4 cell and primary mouse osteocyte viability but did not alter MLO-Y4 cell gene expression. In contrast, conditioned medium from MSU crystal-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages did not affect MLO-Y4 cell viability but significantly increased MLO-Y4 cell expression of osteocyte-related factors including E11, connexin 43, and RANKL, and inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-11, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Inhibition of COX-2 in MLO-Y4 cells significantly reduced the indirect effects of MSU crystals. In histological analysis, CD68+ macrophages and MSU crystals were identified in close proximity to osteocytes within bone. COX-2 expression was also observed in tophaceous joint samples. Conclusions MSU crystals directly inhibit osteocyte viability and, through interactions with macrophages, indirectly promote a shift in osteocyte function that favors bone resorption and inflammation. These interactions may contribute to disordered bone remodeling in gout. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-018-1704-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashika Chhana
- Department of Medicine, Bone & Joint Research Group, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bregina Pool
- Department of Medicine, Bone & Joint Research Group, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karen E Callon
- Department of Medicine, Bone & Joint Research Group, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mei Lin Tay
- Department of Medicine, Bone & Joint Research Group, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Musson
- Department of Medicine, Bone & Joint Research Group, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dorit Naot
- Department of Medicine, Bone & Joint Research Group, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Geraldine McCarthy
- Department of Rheumatology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susan McGlashan
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jillian Cornish
- Department of Medicine, Bone & Joint Research Group, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, Bone & Joint Research Group, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. .,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand.
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10
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Hall CJ, Sanderson LE, Lawrence LM, Pool B, van der Kroef M, Ashimbayeva E, Britto D, Harper JL, Lieschke GJ, Astin JW, Crosier KE, Dalbeth N, Crosier PS. Blocking fatty acid-fueled mROS production within macrophages alleviates acute gouty inflammation. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:1752-1771. [PMID: 29584621 DOI: 10.1172/jci94584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis affecting men. Acute gouty inflammation is triggered by monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition in and around joints that activates macrophages into a proinflammatory state, resulting in neutrophil recruitment. A complete understanding of how MSU crystals activate macrophages in vivo has been difficult because of limitations of live imaging this process in traditional animal models. By live imaging the macrophage and neutrophil response to MSU crystals within an intact host (larval zebrafish), we reveal that macrophage activation requires mitochondrial ROS (mROS) generated through fatty acid oxidation. This mitochondrial source of ROS contributes to NF-κB-driven production of IL-1β and TNF-α, which promote neutrophil recruitment. We demonstrate the therapeutic utility of this discovery by showing that this mechanism is conserved in human macrophages and, via pharmacologic blockade, that it contributes to neutrophil recruitment in a mouse model of acute gouty inflammation. To our knowledge, this study is the first to uncover an immunometabolic mechanism of macrophage activation that operates during acute gouty inflammation. Targeting this pathway holds promise in the management of gout and, potentially, other macrophage-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bregina Pool
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Jacquie L Harper
- Malaghan Institute for Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Graham J Lieschke
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Dalbeth N, Pool B, Chhana A, Lin JM, Tay ML, Tan P, Callon KE, Naot D, Horne A, Drake J, Gamble GD, Reid IR, Grey A, Stamp LK, Cornish J. Lack of Evidence that Soluble Urate Directly Influences Bone Remodelling: A Laboratory and Clinical Study. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 102:73-84. [PMID: 29018897 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Numerous observational studies have reported that serum urate concentration positively correlates with bone density and reduced risk of fractures. The aim of this study was to examine whether soluble urate directly influences bone remodelling. METHODS In laboratory studies, the in vitro effects of soluble urate were examined in osteoclast, osteoblast and osteocyte assays at a range of urate concentrations consistent with those typically observed in humans (up to 0.70 mmol/L). The clinical relevance of the in vitro assay findings was assessed using serial procollagen-1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and Month 12 bone density data from a randomised controlled trial of allopurinol dose escalation in people with gout. RESULTS Addition of urate in the RAW264.7 cell osteoclastogenesis assay led to small increases in osteoclast formation (ANOVA p = 0.018), but no significant difference in bone resorption. No significant effects on osteoclast number or activity were observed in primary cell osteoclastogenesis or resorption assays. Addition of urate did not alter viability or function in MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast, primary human osteoblast, or MLO-Y4 osteocyte assays. In the clinical trial analysis, reducing serum urate over a 12 month period by allopurinol dose escalation did not lead to significant changes in P1NP or differences in bone mineral density. CONCLUSION Addition of soluble urate at physiological concentrations does not influence bone remodelling in vitro. These data, together with clinical trial data showing no effect of urate-lowering on P1NP or bone density, do not support a direct role for urate in influencing bone remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Dalbeth
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Bregina Pool
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ashika Chhana
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jian-Ming Lin
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mei Lin Tay
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul Tan
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karen E Callon
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dorit Naot
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anne Horne
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jill Drake
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Gregory D Gamble
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ian R Reid
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Grey
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lisa K Stamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jillian Cornish
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Musson DS, Tay ML, Chhana A, Pool B, Coleman B, Naot D, Cornish J. Lactoferrin and parathyroid hormone are not harmful to primary tenocytes in vitro, but PDGF may be. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2017; 7:215-222. [PMID: 29264331 DOI: 10.11138/mltj/2017.7.2.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Recently, bone-active factors such as parathyroid hormone and lactoferrin, have been used in pre-clinical models to promote tendon healing. How-ever, there is limited understanding of how these boneactive factors may affect the cells of the ten-don themselves. Here, we present an in vitro study assessing the effects of parathyroid hor-mone and lactoferrin on primary tendon cells (tenocytes), and compare their responses to the tenogenic factors, PDGF, IGF-1 and TGF-β. Materials and Methods Tenocyte proliferation and collagen production were assessed by alamarBlue® and Sirius red as-says, respectively. To assess tenocyte trans-differentiation, changes in the expression of genes important in tenocyte, chondrocyte and osteoblast biology were determined using real-time PCR. Results Parathyroid hormone and lactoferrin had no effect on tenocyte growth or collagen production, with minimal changes in gene expression and no detrimental effects observed to suggest trans-differentiation away from tendon cell behaviour. Tenogenic factors PDGF, IGF-1 and TGF all increasetenocyte collagen production, however, the gene expression data suggests that PDGF promotes severe de-differentiation of the tenocytes. Discussion Our findings suggest that using parathyroid hormone or lactoferrin as a singular factor to promote tendon healing may not be of benefit, but for use in tendon-bone healing there would be no detrimental effect on the tendon itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Musson
- Department of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mei Lin Tay
- Department of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ashika Chhana
- Department of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bregina Pool
- Department of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brendan Coleman
- Department of Orthopaedics, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dorit Naot
- Department of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jillian Cornish
- Department of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Dalbeth N, Pool B, Shaw OM, Harper JL, Tan P, Franklin C, House ME, Cornish J, Naot D. Role of miR-146a in regulation of the acute inflammatory response to monosodium urate crystals. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 74:786-90. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-205409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Dalbeth N, Pool B, Franklin C, House M, Cornish J, Naot D. SAT0528 Role of Micrornas in Regulation of the Acute Inflammatory Response to Monosodium Urate Crystals. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Shaw OM, Pool B, Dalbeth N, Harper JL. The effect of diet-induced obesity on the inflammatory phenotype of non-adipose-resident macrophages in an in vivo model of gout. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014; 53:1901-5. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Holzinger D, Nippe N, Vogl T, Marketon K, Mysore V, Weinhage T, Dalbeth N, Pool B, Merriman T, Baeten D, Ives A, Busso N, Foell D, Bas S, Gabay C, Roth J. Myeloid-Related Proteins 8 and 14 Contribute to Monosodium Urate Monohydrate Crystal-Induced Inflammation in Gout. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:1327-39. [DOI: 10.1002/art.38369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Holzinger
- University Hospital Muenster and University Children's Hospital Muenster; Muenster Germany
| | - Nadine Nippe
- University Hospital Muenster and University of Muenster; Muenster Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- University Hospital Muenster; Muenster Germany
| | | | | | - Toni Weinhage
- University Children's Hospital Muenster; Muenster Germany
| | | | | | | | - Dominique Baeten
- Academic Medical Center and University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Dirk Foell
- University Children's Hospital Muenster; Muenster Germany
| | - Sylvette Bas
- University Hospitals of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Cem Gabay
- University Hospitals of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
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Chhana A, Callon KE, Dray M, Pool B, Naot D, Gamble GD, Coleman B, McCarthy G, McQueen FM, Cornish J, Dalbeth N. Interactions between tenocytes and monosodium urate monohydrate crystals: implications for tendon involvement in gout. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 73:1737-41. [PMID: 24709860 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Advanced imaging studies have demonstrated that urate deposition in periarticular structures, such as tendons, is common in gout. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystals on tenocyte viability and function. METHODS The histological appearance of tendons in joints affected by advanced gout was examined using light microscopy. In vitro, colorimetric assays and flow cytometry were used to assess cell viability in primary rat and primary human tenocytes cultured with MSU crystals. Real-time PCR was used to determine changes in the relative mRNA expression levels of tendon-related genes, and Sirius red staining was used to measure changes in collagen deposition in primary rat tenocytes. RESULTS In joint samples from patients with gout, MSU crystals were identified within the tendon, adjacent to and invading into tendon, and at the enthesis. MSU crystals reduced tenocyte viability in a dose-dependent manner. MSU crystals decreased the mRNA expression of tendon collagens, matrix proteins and degradative enzymes and reduced collagen protein deposition by tenocytes. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that MSU crystals directly interact with tenocytes to reduce cell viability and function. These interactions may contribute to tendon damage in people with advanced gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashika Chhana
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karen E Callon
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael Dray
- Department of Histology, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Bregina Pool
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dorit Naot
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Greg D Gamble
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brendan Coleman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Geraldine McCarthy
- Department of Rheumatology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona M McQueen
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jillian Cornish
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Dalbeth N, House ME, Gamble GD, Pool B, Horne A, Purvis L, Stewart A, Merriman M, Cadzow M, Phipps-Green A, Merriman TR. Influence of the ABCG2 gout risk 141 K allele on urate metabolism during a fructose challenge. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:R34. [PMID: 24476385 PMCID: PMC3978630 DOI: 10.1186/ar4463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Both genetic variation in ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2) and intake of fructose-containing beverages are major risk factors for hyperuricemia and gout. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the ABCG2 gout risk allele 141 K promotes the hyperuricaemic response to fructose loading. METHODS Healthy volunteers (n = 74) provided serum and urine samples immediately before and 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes after ingesting a 64 g fructose solution. Data were analyzed based on the presence or absence of the ABCG2 141 K gout risk allele. RESULTS The 141 K risk allele was present in 23 participants (31%). Overall, serum urate (SU) concentrations during the fructose load were similar in those with and without the 141 K allele (PSNP = 0.15). However, the 141 K allele was associated with a smaller increase in SU following fructose intake (PSNP <0.0001). Those with the 141 K allele also had a smaller increase in serum glucose following the fructose load (PSNP = 0.002). Higher fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA) at baseline and throughout the fructose load was observed in those with the 141 K risk allele (PSNP <0.0001). However, the change in FEUA in response to fructose was not different in those with and without the 141 K risk allele (PSNP = 0.39). The 141 K allele effects on serum urate and glucose were more pronounced in Polynesian participants and in those with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m². CONCLUSIONS In contrast to the predicted responses for a hyperuricemia/gout risk allele, the 141 K allele is associated with smaller increases in SU and higher FEUA following a fructose load. The results suggest that ABCG2 interacts with extra-renal metabolic pathways in a complex manner to regulate SU and gout risk. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION The study was registered by the Australian Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12610001036000).
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Holzinger D, Nippe N, Vogl T, Marketon K, Mysore V, Weinhage T, Dalbeth N, Pool B, Merriman T, Baeten D, Ives A, Bagnoud N, Busso N, Foell D, Bas S, Gabay C, Roth J. OR6-004 – MRP8/14 promote MSU-crystal induced inflammation. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2013. [PMCID: PMC3952172 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-11-s1-a99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Chhana A, Callon KE, Pool B, Naot D, Gamble GD, Dray M, Pitto R, Bentley J, McQueen FM, Cornish J, Dalbeth N. The Effects of Monosodium Urate Monohydrate Crystals on Chondrocyte Viability and Function: Implications for Development of Cartilage Damage in Gout. J Rheumatol 2013; 40:2067-74. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.130708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Cartilage damage is frequently observed in advanced destructive gout. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystals on chondrocyte viability and function.Methods.The alamarBlue assay and flow cytometry were used to assess the viability of primary human chondrocytes and cartilage explants following culture with MSU crystals. The number of dead chondrocytes in cartilage explants cultured with MSU crystals was quantified. Real-time PCR was used to determine changes in the relative mRNA expression levels of chondrocytic genes. The histological appearance of cartilage in joints affected by gout was also examined.Results.MSU crystals rapidly reduced primary human chondrocyte and cartilage explant viability in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.01 for both). Cartilage explants cultured with MSU crystals had a greater percentage of dead chondrocytes at the articular surface compared to untreated cartilage (p = 0.004). Relative mRNA expression of type II collagen and the cartilage matrix proteins aggrecan and versican was decreased in chondrocytes following culture with MSU crystals (p < 0.05 for all). However, expression of the degradative enzymes ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5 was increased (p < 0.05 for both). In joints affected by gout, normal cartilage architecture was lost, with empty chondrocyte lacunae observed.Conclusion.MSU crystals have profound inhibitory effects on chondrocyte viability and function. Interactions between MSU crystals and chondrocytes may contribute to cartilage damage in gout through reduction of chondrocyte viability and promotion of a catabolic state.
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Dalbeth N, Pool B, Yip S, Cornish J, Murphy R. Effect of bariatric surgery on the inflammatory response to monosodium urate crystals: a prospective study. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 72:1583-4. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Chhana A, Callon K, Dray M, Pool B, Naot D, Gamble G, Coleman B, McQueen F, Cornish J, Dalbeth N. Monosodium urate crystals inhibit tenocyte viability and function: implications for periarticular involvement in chronic gout. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1530/boneabs.1.pp21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Dalbeth N, House ME, Gamble GD, Horne A, Pool B, Purvis L, Stewart A, Merriman M, Cadzow M, Phipps-Green A, Merriman TR. Population-specific influence ofSLC2A9genotype on the acute hyperuricaemic response to a fructose load. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 72:1868-73. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Dalbeth N, Pool B, Stewart A, Horne A, House ME, Cornish J, Reid IR. No reduction in circulating preosteoclasts 18 months after treatment with zoledronate: analysis from a randomized placebo controlled trial. Calcif Tissue Int 2013; 92:1-5. [PMID: 23052228 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-012-9654-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The conventional model that bisphosphonates bind to the bone surface and inhibit mature osteoclasts does not convincingly explain the prolonged duration of action of zoledronate. We hypothesized that zoledronate on the bone surface adjacent to marrow cells impairs osteoclastogenesis, contributing to sustained inhibition of resorption. In this case, numbers of circulating preosteoclasts may be reduced after zoledronate treatment. This study assessed this possibility in subjects from a clinical trial. Twenty-two osteopenic women participating in a randomized, controlled trial comparing zoledronate 5 mg with placebo were recruited, 18 months after administration of study drug. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed for the presence of osteoclast precursors using flow cytometry for preosteoclast markers and the ability to form osteoclast-like cells in culture with RANKL and M-CSF. There was no difference in the percentage of CD14(+)/CD11b(+) cells in peripheral blood between the two groups. The numbers of TRAP(+) multinucleated cells in cultures in the absence of RANKL and M-CSF were very low in both groups, but a significantly higher number of these cells was observed in the zoledronate group compared with the placebo group (p = 0.01). The number of TRAP(+) multinucleated cells and resorption pits following culture with RANKL and M-CSF did not differ between the two groups. Serum P1NP was reduced 53 % at 18 months in the zoledronate group but unchanged in the placebo group. These results do not support the hypothesis that the inhibitory action of zoledronate contributes to its prolonged action on preosteoclasts within bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Dalbeth
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Chhana A, Callon KE, Pool B, Naot D, Watson M, Gamble GD, McQueen FM, Cornish J, Dalbeth N. Monosodium urate monohydrate crystals inhibit osteoblast viability and function: implications for development of bone erosion in gout. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 70:1684-91. [PMID: 21622970 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.144774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone erosion is a common manifestation of chronic tophaceous gout. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystals on osteoblast viability and function. METHODS The MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to assess osteoblast cell viability in the MC3T3-E1 and ST2 osteoblast-like cell lines, and primary rat and primary human osteoblasts cultured with MSU crystals. Quantitative real-time PCR and von Kossa stained mineralised bone formation assays were used to assess the effects of MSU crystals on osteoblast differentiation using MC3T3-E1 cells. The numbers of osteoblasts and bone lining cells were quantified in bone samples from patients with gout. RESULTS MSU crystals rapidly reduced viability in all cell types in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect on cell viability was independent of crystal phagocytosis and was not influenced by differing crystal length or addition of serum. Long-term culture of MC3T3-E1 cells with MSU crystals showed a reduction in mineralisation and decreased mRNA expression of genes related to osteoblast differentiation such as Runx2, Sp7 (osterix), Ibsp (bone sialoprotein), and Bglap (osteocalcin). Fewer osteoblast and lining cells were present on bone directly adjacent to gouty tophus than bone unaffected by tophus in patients with gout. CONCLUSIONS MSU crystals have profound inhibitory effects on osteoblast viability and differentiation. These data suggest that bone erosion in gout occurs at the tophus-bone interface through alteration of physiological bone turnover, with both excessive osteoclast formation, and reduced osteoblast differentiation from mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashika Chhana
- Bone Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Dalbeth N, Pool B, Smith T, Callon KE, Lobo M, Taylor WJ, Jones PB, Cornish J, McQueen FM. Circulating mediators of bone remodeling in psoriatic arthritis: implications for disordered osteoclastogenesis and bone erosion. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12:R164. [PMID: 20796300 PMCID: PMC2945067 DOI: 10.1186/ar3123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diverse bone pathologies are observed in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Uncoupling of bone remodeling with disordered osteoclastogenesis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PsA. The aim of this study was to examine the role of soluble mediators of bone remodeling within the circulation of patients with PsA. Methods Patients with PsA (n = 38), with psoriasis (n = 10), and healthy controls (n = 12) were studied. Serum was obtained for testing of Dikkopf-1 (Dkk-1), macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) with ELISA. Patients with PsA also had bone densitometry, plain radiographs of the hands and feet, and assessment of peripheral blood osteoclast precursors. Radiographs were scored for erosion, joint-space narrowing, osteolysis, and new bone formation. Results Compared with those with psoriasis and healthy controls, patients with PsA had higher circulating concentrations of Dkk-1 and M-CSF. In patients with PsA, M-CSF and RANKL, but not Dkk-1, concentrations positively correlated with radiographic erosion, joint-space narrowing, and osteolysis scores. Mediators of bone remodeling did not correlate with the number of joints with new bone formation or with total hip-bone mineral density. Peripheral blood CD14+/CD11b+ cells, and the number of osteoclast-like cells and resorptive pits after culture with RANKL and M-CSF also correlated with radiographic damage scores. Circulating M-CSF concentrations correlated with the percentage of peripheral blood CD14+/CD11b+ cells. Conclusions Systemic expression of soluble factors that promote osteoclastogenesis is disordered in patients with PsA and may contribute to periarticular bone loss in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
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Dalbeth N, Pool B, Gamble GD, Smith T, Callon KE, McQueen FM, Cornish J. Cellular characterization of the gouty tophus: a quantitative analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:1549-56. [PMID: 20131281 DOI: 10.1002/art.27356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the cellular architecture of the tophus and to determine the presence of cytokines implicated in the initiation and resolution of gouty inflammation. METHODS Sixteen fixed, paraffin-embedded, uninfected tophus samples were surgically obtained from 12 patients with microscopically proven gout and were analyzed by quantitative immunohistochemistry. The number of cells present in the corona and fibrovascular zones of the tophus was analyzed by Genmod mixed models analysis. RESULTS Numerous CD68+ mononucleated and multinucleated cells were present within the corona zone. Mast cells were identified in all tophus samples and at similar densities throughout the corona and fibrovascular zones. In contrast, neutrophils were rarely observed. Plasma cells were present in very high numbers within the corona zone. The overall number of CD20+ B cells was much lower. However, in 6 of 12 patients (50%), at least 1 B cell aggregate was present in the fibrovascular zone. Large numbers of cells expressing interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) were observed in the corona zone. Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1)-expressing mononucleated cells were also identified. The number of CD68+ cells correlated with the number of cells expressing IL-1beta (r = 0.691, P = 0.009) and the number expressing TGFbeta1 (r = 0.518, P = 0.04). CONCLUSION The tophus represents a complex and organized chronic inflammatory tissue response to monosodium urate monohydrate crystals involving both innate and adaptive immune cells. The coexpression of IL-1beta and TGFbeta1 suggests that both proinflammatory and antiinflammatory factors present within the tophus contribute to a cycle of chronic inflammation, attempted resolution, and tissue remodeling.
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Dalbeth N, Wong S, Gamble GD, Horne A, Mason B, Pool B, Fairbanks L, McQueen FM, Cornish J, Reid IR, Palmano K. Acute effect of milk on serum urate concentrations: a randomised controlled crossover trial. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69:1677-82. [PMID: 20472590 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2009.124230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent observational studies have highlighted the beneficial role of dairy ingestion in gout prevention. The aims of this study were to determine the acute effects of milk ingestion on serum urate concentrations and examine the mechanisms of these effects. METHODS This was a short-term randomised controlled crossover trial of milk in 16 healthy male volunteers. The following products were tested (each 80 g protein): soy control, early season skim milk, late season skim milk (containing high concentrations of orotic acid, a naturally occurring uricosuric agent) and ultrafiltrated MPC 85 skim milk. Each participant received a single dose of each product in random order. Serum and urine were obtained immediately before and then hourly over a 3 h period after ingestion of each study product. RESULTS Ingestion of the soy control led to an increase in serum urate concentrations by approximately 10%. In contrast, ingestion of all milks led to a decrease in serum urate concentrations by approximately 10% (p<0.0001). All products (including soy) rapidly increased the fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA). Late season milk led to a greater increase in FEUA than MPC 85 (p=0.02) and early season milk (p=0.052). There were no differences over time in serum oxypurines or purine-containing nucleosides. However, all products increased the fractional excretion of xanthine. CONCLUSIONS Intact milk has an acute urate-lowering effect. These data provide further rationale for long-term intervention studies to determine whether such dietary interventions have an adjunctive role in the management of individuals with hyperuricaemia and gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd., Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Dalbeth N, Gracey E, Pool B, Callon K, McQueen FM, Cornish J, MacGibbon A, Palmano K. Identification of dairy fractions with anti-inflammatory properties in models of acute gout. Ann Rheum Dis 2009; 69:766-9. [PMID: 19713204 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2009.113290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Large epidemiological studies have shown that low-fat dairy intake reduces the risk of developing gout. It was hypothesised that factors within dairy fractions inhibit the inflammatory response to monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystals. METHODS Dairy fractions were tested in MSU crystal-stimulated THP-1 cell assays. Fractions with inhibitory effects were then tested in the murine urate peritonitis model. RESULTS Two dairy fractions were found to have consistent inhibitory effects. Glycomacropeptide (GMP) and G600 milk fat extract both inhibited interleukin-1beta (IL1beta) gene and protein expression in the THP-1 cell assay. Conversely, standard milk fat increased IL8 protein expression in the THP-1 cell assay. Oral administration of GMP and G600 milk fat extract inhibited cellular influx in the urate peritonitis model. CONCLUSIONS Both protein and lipid fractions within dairy products are capable of modulating the inflammatory response to MSU crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Dalbeth
- Bone Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Abstract
Many factors should be considered in the selection of chemical protective clothing, but the majority of selections are based on manufacturers' permeation data composed of average results for three replicates; usually no information about variability is provided. It was hypothesized that variability across batch lots might be considerable, and that variability may be due to cure factors that may vary from one site to another within the same company. Glass transition temperature (Tg) has been demonstrated to be an indicator of cure, and so its relationship to permeation parameters was examined. Steady state permeation rate, breakthrough detection time (BDT), cumulative permeation at 125 minutes (ASTM F1407), and Tg (ASTM E1356) were measured for two makes of nitrile gloves presumably in four batches. Tg was not related to any of the permeation parameters even though batch-to-batch variability was statistically significant for all parameters except BDT. A comparison with recent ASTM round-robin results indicates that some of the variability may be due to the method; however, manufacturer quality control must be suspected as the major source of variability based on the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Perkins
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Public Health 35294-0008, USA
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Eisenbrand G, Denkel E, Pool B. Alcoholdehydrogenase as an activating enzyme for N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA): in vitro activation of NDELA to a potent mutagen in Salmonella typhimurium. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1984; 108:76-80. [PMID: 6378917 DOI: 10.1007/bf00390977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
N-Nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA), a potent carcinogen, has not so far been found to be mutagenic in a wide range of test systems. In particular, mutagenicity testing in Salmonella typhimurium with rat liver S-9 mix or microsomal fraction used for activation has failed to indicate mutagenicity. However, when incubated with alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in the presence of NAD, NDELA is converted to a potent mutagen. A possible mechanism of activation comprises the generation of an aldehyde as a primary metabolite formed by NAD/ADH and its subsequent rearrangement into cyclic intermediates. The latter might either be further metabolized or spontaneously decompose into various alkylating agents and glycolaldehyde. Standard test conditions used for the Ames test will not favor the detection of mutagens to be activated by NAD/ADH because they require the presence of NADPH, whereas ADH needs NAD to become an activating enzyme, as shown for NDELA.
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Pool B. Dyeing stained linen makes it usable again. Am Laund Dig 1981; 46:29-34. [PMID: 10252626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Preussmann R, Habs M, Pool B, Stummeyer D, Lijinsky W, Reuber MD. Fluoro-substituted N-nitrosamines. 1. Inactivity of N-nitrosobis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)amine in carcinogenicity and mutagenicity tests. Carcinogenesis 1981; 2:753-6. [PMID: 7026079 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/2.8.753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
N-Nitroso-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)amine (hexafluorodiethylnitrosamine, 6-F-DEN) was synthesized as a derivative of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) with blocked terminal C-atoms to avoid metabolic oxidation at this site. Chronic oral administration of 6-F-DEN in drinking water did not induce tumours in Sprague-Dawley and in Fischer 344 rats. On the other hand, equimolar doses of DEN or even much lower ones are clearly carcinogenic. Mutagenicity tests using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535 and TA 100 and metabolic activation by rat liver S-9 fraction were equally negative with 6-F-DEn. The substitution of fluorine in the beta-position of DEn apparently inhibits the alpha-oxidation considered necessary for carcinogenesis and mutagenesis of dialkylnitrosamines.
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