101
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Chen JQ, Wakefield LM, Goldstein DJ. Capillary nano-immunoassays: advancing quantitative proteomics analysis, biomarker assessment, and molecular diagnostics. J Transl Med 2015; 13:182. [PMID: 26048678 PMCID: PMC4467619 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an emerging demand for the use of molecular profiling to facilitate biomarker identification and development, and to stratify patients for more efficient treatment decisions with reduced adverse effects. In the past decade, great strides have been made to advance genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic approaches to address these demands. While there has been much progress with these large scale approaches, profiling at the protein level still faces challenges due to limitations in clinical sample size, poor reproducibility, unreliable quantitation, and lack of assay robustness. A novel automated capillary nano-immunoassay (CNIA) technology has been developed. This technology offers precise and accurate measurement of proteins and their post-translational modifications using either charge-based or size-based separation formats. The system not only uses ultralow nanogram levels of protein but also allows multi-analyte analysis using a parallel single-analyte format for increased sensitivity and specificity. The high sensitivity and excellent reproducibility of this technology make it particularly powerful for analysis of clinical samples. Furthermore, the system can distinguish and detect specific protein post-translational modifications that conventional Western blot and other immunoassays cannot easily capture. This review will summarize and evaluate the latest progress to optimize the CNIA system for comprehensive, quantitative protein and signaling event characterization. It will also discuss how the technology has been successfully applied in both discovery research and clinical studies, for signaling pathway dissection, proteomic biomarker assessment, targeted treatment evaluation and quantitative proteomic analysis. Lastly, a comparison of this novel system with other conventional immuno-assay platforms is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Qiu Chen
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 37, Room 2140, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Lalage M Wakefield
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - David J Goldstein
- Office of Science and Technology Resources, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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102
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Bradley HL, Sabnis H, Pritchett D, Bunting KD. Nanoproteomic assays on hematopoietic stem cells. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1185:165-77. [PMID: 25062628 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1133-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of cytokine signaling pathways is associated with benign and malignant hematologic disorders. Improvements in therapy rely on understanding the biology of the pathways and the proteins involved. Studying these pathways in patient samples is challenging as samples are difficult to obtain, contain fewer cells, and are heterogeneous in nature. To address some of these difficulties, we have utilized the technique of microcapillary electrophoresis. Using the NanoPro 1000 system (ProteinSimple) which is built on an automated, capillary-based immunoassay platform, we have developed rapid and quantitative assays for specific proteins from relatively small sample sizes. The NanoPro provides precise and quantitative data of the phosphorylation states of a specific protein of interest. We describe our experience with NanoPro assay development and optimization with specific application toward understanding aberrant cytokine signaling in human leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heath L Bradley
- Division of Hem/Onc/BMT, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Drive NE, HSRB E363, 30322, Atlanta, GA, USA
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103
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Boso G, Somia NV. Characterization of resistance to rhabdovirus and retrovirus infection in a human myeloid cell line. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121455. [PMID: 25811758 PMCID: PMC4374779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses interact with various permissive and restrictive factors in host cells throughout their replication cycle. Cell lines that are non-permissive to viral infection have been particularly useful in discovering host cell proteins involved in viral life cycles. Here we describe the characterization of a human myeloid leukemia cell line, KG-1, that is resistant to infection by retroviruses and a Rhabdovirus. We show that KG-1 cells are resistant to infection by Vesicular Stomatits Virus as well as VSV Glycoprotein (VSVG) pseudotyped retroviruses due to a defect in binding. Moreover our results indicate that entry by xenotropic retroviral envelope glycoprotein RD114 is impaired in KG-1 cells. Finally we characterize a post- entry block in the early phase of the retroviral life cycle in KG-1 cells that renders the cell line refractory to infection. This cell line will have utility in discovering proteins involved in infection by VSV and HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guney Boso
- Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology and Genetics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Nikunj V. Somia
- Dept. of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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104
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Estimation of plasma concentrations of hepatocyte growth factor in acute leukemia in Upper Egypt. EGYPTIAN PEDIATRIC ASSOCIATION GAZETTE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epag.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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105
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Piesche M, Ho VT, Kim H, Nakazaki Y, Nehil M, Yaghi NK, Kolodin D, Weiser J, Altevogt P, Kiefel H, Alyea EP, Antin JH, Cutler C, Koreth J, Canning C, Ritz J, Soiffer RJ, Dranoff G. Angiogenic cytokines are antibody targets during graft-versus-leukemia reactions. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:1010-8. [PMID: 25538258 PMCID: PMC4348150 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) reaction is an important example of immune-mediated tumor destruction. A coordinated humoral and cellular response accomplishes leukemia cell killing, but the specific targets remain largely uncharacterized. To learn more about the antigens that elicit antibodies during GVL reactions, we analyzed patients with advanced myelodysplasia (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) who received an autologous, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-secreting tumor cell vaccine early after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A combination of tumor-derived cDNA expression library screening, protein microarrays, and antigen-specific ELISAs were used to characterize sera obtained longitudinally from 15 patients with AML/MDS who were vaccinated early after allogeneic HSCT. RESULTS A broad, therapy-induced antibody response was uncovered, which primarily targeted intracellular proteins that function in growth, transcription/translation, metabolism, and homeostasis. Unexpectedly, antibodies were also elicited against eight secreted angiogenic cytokines that play critical roles in leukemogenesis. Antibodies to the angiogenic cytokines were evident early after therapy, and in some patients manifested a diversification in reactivity over time. Patients that developed antibodies to multiple angiogenic cytokines showed prolonged remission and survival. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal a potent humoral response during GVL reactions induced with vaccination early after allogeneic HSCT and raise the possibility that antibodies, in conjunction with natural killer cells and T lymphocytes, may contribute to immune-mediated control of myeloid leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Piesche
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vincent T Ho
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Haesook Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yukoh Nakazaki
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Nehil
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nasser K Yaghi
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dmitriy Kolodin
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeremy Weiser
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Altevogt
- Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Helena Kiefel
- Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Edwin P Alyea
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph H Antin
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Corey Cutler
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John Koreth
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christine Canning
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jerome Ritz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert J Soiffer
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Glenn Dranoff
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Folgiero V, Goffredo BM, Filippini P, Masetti R, Bonanno G, Caruso R, Bertaina V, Mastronuzzi A, Gaspari S, Zecca M, Torelli GF, Testi AM, Pession A, Locatelli F, Rutella S. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) activity in leukemia blasts correlates with poor outcome in childhood acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2015; 5:2052-64. [PMID: 24903009 PMCID: PMC4039144 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microenvironmental factors contribute to the immune dysfunction characterizing acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is an interferon (IFN)-γ-inducible enzyme that degrades tryptophan into kynurenine, which, in turn, inhibits effector T cells and promotes regulatory T-cell (Treg) differentiation. It is presently unknown whether childhood AML cells express IDO1 and whether IDO1 activity correlates with patient outcome. We investigated IDO1 expression and function in 37 children with newly diagnosed AML other than acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blast cells were cultured with exogenous IFN-γ for 24 hours, followed by the measurement of kynurenine production and tryptophan consumption. No constitutive expression of IDO1 protein was detected in blast cells from the 37 AML samples herein tested. Conversely, 19 out of 37 (51%) AML samples up-regulated functional IDO1 protein in response to IFN-γ. The inability to express IDO1 by the remaining 18 AML samples was not apparently due to a defective IFN-γ signaling circuitry, as suggested by the measurement of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation. Co-immunoprecipitation assays indicated the occurrence of physical interactions between STAT3 and IDO1 in AML blasts. In line with this finding, STAT3 inhibitors abrogated IDO1 function in AML blasts. Interestingly, levels of IFN-γ were significantly higher in the bone marrow fluid of IDO-expressing compared with IDO-nonexpressing AMLs. In mixed tumor lymphocyte cultures (MTLC), IDO-expressing AML blasts blunted the ability of allogeneic naïve T cells to produce IFN-γ and promoted Treg differentiation. From a clinical perspective, the 8-year event-free survival was significantly worse in IDO-expressing children (16.4%, SE 9.8) as compared with IDO-nonexpressing ones (48.0%, SE 12.1; p=0.035). These data indicate that IDO1 expression by leukemia blasts negatively affects the prognosis of childhood AML. Moreover, they speak in favor of the hypothesis that IDO can be targeted, in adjunct to current chemotherapy approaches, to improve the clinical outcome of children with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Folgiero
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Transfusion Medicine, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
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107
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Munje C, Hills RK, Whetton A, Burnett AK, Darley RL, Tonks A. Cord Blood-Derived Quiescent CD34+ Cells Are More Transcriptionally Matched to AML Blasts Than Cytokine-Induced Normal Human Hematopoietic CD34+ Cells. Gene Expr 2015; 16:169-175. [PMID: 26637397 PMCID: PMC5405857 DOI: 10.3727/105221615x14399878166159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by developmental arrest, which is thought to arise from transcriptional dysregulation of myeloid development programs. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) isolated from human blood are frequently used as a normal comparator in AML studies. Previous studies have reported changes in the transcriptional program of genes involved in proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and homing when HSPCs were expanded ex vivo. The intrinsic functional differences between quiescent and dividing CD34+ HSPCs prompted us to determine whether fresh or cytokine-induced cord blood-derived CD34+ HSPCs are a more appropriate normal control compared to AML blasts. Based on principal component analysis and gene expression profiling we demonstrate that CD34+ HSPCs that do not undergo ex vivo expansion are transcriptionally similar to minimally differentiated AML blasts. This was confirmed by comparing the cell cycle status of the AML blasts and the HSPCs. We suggest that freshly isolated CD34+ HSPCs that do not undergo ex vivo expansion would serve as a better control to identify novel transcriptional targets in the AML blast population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay Munje
- *Department of Haematology, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- †Cardiff Cancer Genomics Biomedical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Robert K. Hills
- *Department of Haematology, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Anthony Whetton
- ‡Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Faculty Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alan K. Burnett
- *Department of Haematology, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Richard L. Darley
- *Department of Haematology, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alex Tonks
- *Department of Haematology, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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McGee SF, Kornblau SM, Qiu Y, Look AT, Zhang N, Yoo SY, Coombes KR, Kentsis A. Biological properties of ligand-dependent activation of the MET receptor kinase in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2014; 29:1218-21. [PMID: 25541150 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S F McGee
- 1] Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai St Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA [2] Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - S M Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y Qiu
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A T Look
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N Zhang
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S-Y Yoo
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - K R Coombes
- Departmentt of Biomedical Informatics, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - A Kentsis
- 1] Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA [2] Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
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109
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Antibody-based detection of protein phosphorylation status to track the efficacy of novel therapies using nanogram protein quantities from stem cells and cell lines. Nat Protoc 2014; 10:149-68. [PMID: 25521791 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2015.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This protocol describes a highly reproducible antibody-based method that provides protein level and phosphorylation status information from nanogram quantities of protein cell lysate. Nanocapillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF) combines with UV-activated linking chemistry to detect changes in phosphorylation status. As an example application, we describe how to detect changes in response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the phosphorylation status of the adaptor protein CrkL, a major substrate of the oncogenic tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), using highly enriched CML stem cells and mature cell populations in vitro. This protocol provides a 2.5 pg/nl limit of protein detection (<0.2% of a stem cell sample containing <10(4) cells). Additional assays are described for phosphorylated tyrosine 207 (pTyr207)-CrkL and the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPRC/CD45; these assays were developed using this protocol and applied to CML patient samples. This method is of high throughput, and it can act as a screen for in vitro cancer stem cell response to drugs and novel agents.
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110
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Jardim DLF, Tang C, Gagliato DDM, Falchook GS, Hess K, Janku F, Fu S, Wheler JJ, Zinner RG, Naing A, Tsimberidou AM, Holla V, Li MM, Roy-Chowdhuri S, Luthra R, Salgia R, Kurzrock R, Meric-Bernstam F, Hong DS. Analysis of 1,115 patients tested for MET amplification and therapy response in the MD Anderson Phase I Clinic. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:6336-45. [PMID: 25326232 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess MET amplification among different cancers, association with clinical factors and genetic aberrations and targeted therapy response modifications. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN From May 2010 to November 2012, samples from patients with advanced tumors referred to the MD Anderson Phase I Clinic were analyzed for MET gene amplification by FISH. Patient demographic, histologic characteristics, molecular characteristics, and outcomes in phase I protocols were compared per MET amplification status. RESULTS Of 1,115 patients, 29 (2.6%) had MET amplification. The highest prevalence was in adrenal (2 of 13; 15%) and renal (4 of 28; 14%) tumors, followed by gastroesophageal (6%), breast (5%), and ovarian cancers (4%). MET amplification was associated with adenocarcinomas (P = 0.007), high-grade tumors (P = 0.003), more sites of metastasis, higher BRAF mutation, and PTEN loss (all P < 0.05). Median overall survival was 7.23 and 8.62 months for patients with and without a MET amplification, respectively (HR = 1.12; 95% confidence intervals, 0.83-1.85; P = 0.29). Among the 20 patients with MET amplification treated on a phase I protocol, 4 (20%) achieved a partial response with greatest response rate on agents targeting angiogenesis (3 of 6, 50%). No patient treated with a c-MET inhibitor (0 of 7) achieved an objective response. CONCLUSION MET amplification was detected in 2.6% of patients with solid tumors and was associated with adenocarcinomas, high-grade histology, and higher metastatic burden. Concomitant alterations in additional pathways (BRAF mutation and PTEN loss) and variable responses on targeted therapies, including c-MET inhibitors, suggest that further studies are needed to target this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis L F Jardim
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chad Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Debora De Melo Gagliato
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gerald S Falchook
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kenneth Hess
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Filip Janku
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Siqing Fu
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer J Wheler
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ralph G Zinner
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Aung Naing
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Apostolia M Tsimberidou
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Vijaykumar Holla
- Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marylin M Li
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sinchita Roy-Chowdhuri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Raja Luthra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David S Hong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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111
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Egile C, Kenigsberg M, Delaisi C, Bégassat F, Do-Vale V, Mestadier J, Bonche F, Bénard T, Nicolas JP, Valence S, Lefranc C, Francesconi E, Castell C, Lefebvre AM, Nemecek C, Calvet L, Goulaouic H. The selective intravenous inhibitor of the MET tyrosine kinase SAR125844 inhibits tumor growth in MET-amplified cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 14:384-94. [PMID: 25504634 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the MET/HGF pathway is common in human cancer and is thought to promote tumor initiation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and resistance to diverse therapies. We report here the pharmacologic characterization of the triazolopyridazine derivative SAR125844, a potent and highly selective inhibitor of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), for intravenous administration. SAR125844 displayed nanomolar activity against the wild-type kinase (IC50 value of 4.2 nmol/L) and the M1250T and Y1235D mutants. Broad biochemical profiling revealed that SAR125844 was highly selective for MET kinase. SAR125844 inhibits MET autophosphorylation in cell-based assays in the nanomolar range, and promotes low nanomolar proapoptotic and antiproliferative activities selectively in cell lines with MET gene amplification or pathway addiction. In two MET-amplified human gastric tumor xenograft models, SNU-5 and Hs 746T, intravenous treatment with SAR125844 leads to potent, dose- and time-dependent inhibition of the MET kinase and to significant impact on downstream PI3K/AKT and RAS/MAPK pathways. Long duration of MET kinase inhibition up to 7 days was achieved with a nanosuspension formulation of SAR125844. Daily or every-2-days intravenous treatment of SAR125844 promoted a dose-dependent tumor regression in MET-amplified human gastric cancer models at tolerated doses without treatment-related body weight loss. Our data demonstrated that SAR125844 is a potent and selective MET kinase inhibitor with a favorable preclinical toxicity profile, supporting its clinical development in patients with MET-amplified and MET pathway-addicted tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coumaran Egile
- Sanofi Oncology, Sanofi Research and Development, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | | | - Christine Delaisi
- Sanofi Oncology, Sanofi Research and Development, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Françoise Bégassat
- Sanofi Oncology, Sanofi Research and Development, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Véronique Do-Vale
- Sanofi Oncology, Sanofi Research and Development, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jessica Mestadier
- Sanofi Oncology, Sanofi Research and Development, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Fabrice Bonche
- Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Sanofi Research and Development, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Tsiala Bénard
- Lead Generation to Candidate Realization, Sanofi Research and Development, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jean-Paul Nicolas
- Sanofi Oncology, Sanofi Research and Development, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Sandrine Valence
- Sanofi Oncology, Sanofi Research and Development, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Céline Lefranc
- Sanofi Oncology, Sanofi Research and Development, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Elisa Francesconi
- Sanofi Oncology, Sanofi Research and Development, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Christelle Castell
- Sanofi Oncology, Sanofi Research and Development, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | | | - Conception Nemecek
- Sanofi Oncology, Sanofi Research and Development, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Loreley Calvet
- Sanofi Oncology, Sanofi Research and Development, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Hélène Goulaouic
- Sanofi Oncology, Sanofi Research and Development, Vitry-sur-Seine, France.
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112
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(Lymph)angiogenic influences on hematopoietic cells in acute myeloid leukemia. Exp Mol Med 2014; 46:e122. [PMID: 25412683 PMCID: PMC4262793 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2014.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the effect of (lymph)angiogenic cytokines on hematopoietic cells involved in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Like angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis occurs in pathophysiological conditions but not in healthy adults. AML is closely associated with the vasculature system, and the interplay between lymphangiogenic cytokines maintains leukemic blast survival in the bone marrow (BM). Once AML is induced, proangiogenic cytokines function as angiogenic or lymphangiogenic factors and affect hematopoietic cells, including BM-derived immune cells. Simultaneously, the representative cytokines, VEGFs and their receptors are expressed on AML blasts in vascular and osteoblast niches in both the BM and the peripheral circulation. After exposure to (lymph)angiogenic cytokines in leukemogenesis and infiltration, immune cell phenotypes and functions are affected. These dynamic behaviors in the BM reflect the clinical features of AML. In this review, we note the importance of lymphangiogenic factors and their receptors in hematopoietic cells in AML. Understanding the functional characterization of (lymph)angiogenic factors in the BM niche in AML will also be helpful in interrupting the engraftment of leukemic stem cells and for enhancing immune cell function by modulating the tumor microenvironment.
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113
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Hatfield KJ, Reikvam H, Bruserud Ø. Identification of a subset of patients with acute myeloid leukemia characterized by long-termin vitroproliferation and altered cell cycle regulation of the leukemic cells. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:1237-51. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.957671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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114
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The Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF)/Met Axis: A Neglected Target in the Treatment of Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms? Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1631-69. [PMID: 25119536 PMCID: PMC4190560 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6031631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Met is the receptor of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a cytoprotective cytokine. Disturbing the equilibrium between Met and its ligand may lead to inappropriate cell survival, accumulation of genetic abnormalities and eventually, malignancy. Abnormal activation of the HGF/Met axis is established in solid tumours and in chronic haematological malignancies, including myeloma, acute myeloid leukaemia, chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML), and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The molecular mechanisms potentially responsible for the abnormal activation of HGF/Met pathways are described and discussed. Importantly, inCML and in MPNs, the production of HGF is independent of Bcr-Abl and JAK2V617F, the main molecular markers of these diseases. In vitro studies showed that blocking HGF/Met function with neutralizing antibodies or Met inhibitors significantly impairs the growth of JAK2V617F-mutated cells. With personalised medicine and curative treatment in view, blocking activation of HGF/Met could be a useful addition in the treatment of CML and MPNs for those patients with high HGF/MET expression not controlled by current treatments (Bcr-Abl inhibitors in CML; phlebotomy, hydroxurea, JAK inhibitors in MPNs).
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115
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Hsu YH, Yao J, Chan LC, Wu TJ, Hsu JL, Fang YF, Wei Y, Wu Y, Huang WC, Liu CL, Chang YC, Wang MY, Li CW, Shen J, Chen MK, Sahin AA, Sood A, Mills GB, Yu D, Hortobagyi GN, Hung MC. Definition of PKC-α, CDK6, and MET as therapeutic targets in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Res 2014; 74:4822-35. [PMID: 24970481 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous and recurrent subtype of breast cancer that lacks an effective targeted therapy. To identify candidate therapeutic targets, we profiled global gene expression in TNBC and breast tumor-initiating cells with a patient survival dataset. Eight TNBC-related kinases were found to be overexpressed in TNBC cells with stem-like properties. Among them, expression of PKC-α, MET, and CDK6 correlated with poorer survival outcomes. In cases coexpressing two of these three kinases, survival rates were lower than in cases where only one of these kinases was expressed. In functional tests, two-drug combinations targeting these three kinases inhibited TNBC cell proliferation and tumorigenic potential in a cooperative manner. A combination of PKC-α-MET inhibitors also attenuated tumor growth in a cooperative manner in vivo. Our findings define three kinases critical for TNBC growth and offer a preclinical rationale for their candidacy as effective therapeutic targets in treating TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Li-Chuan Chan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Ting-Jung Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jennifer L Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Graduate Institute for Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Fu Fang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yongkun Wei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wen-Chien Huang
- Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Liang Liu
- Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ching Chang
- Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yang Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jia Shen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Mei-Kuang Chen
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Aysegul A Sahin
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anil Sood
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas. Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gordon B Mills
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas. Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dihua Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Gabriel N Hortobagyi
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas. Graduate Institute for Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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116
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Parikh RA, Wang P, Beumer JH, Chu E, Appleman LJ. The potential roles of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-MET pathway inhibitors in cancer treatment. Onco Targets Ther 2014; 7:969-83. [PMID: 24959084 PMCID: PMC4061161 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s40241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MET is located on chromosome 7q31 and is a proto-oncogene that encodes for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor, a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. HGF, also known as scatter factor (SF), is the only known ligand for MET. MET is a master regulator of cell growth and division (mitogenesis), mobility (motogenesis), and differentiation (morphogenesis); it plays an important role in normal development and tissue regeneration. The HGF-MET axis is frequently dysregulated in cancer by MET gene amplification, translocation, and mutation, or by MET or HGF protein overexpression. MET dysregulation is associated with an increased propensity for metastatic disease and poor overall prognosis across multiple tumor types. Targeting the dysregulated HGF-MET pathway is an area of active research; a number of monoclonal antibodies to HGF and MET, as well as small molecule inhibitors of MET, are under development. This review summarizes the key biological features of the HGF-MET axis, its dysregulation in cancer, and the therapeutic agents targeting the HGF-MET axis, which are in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul A Parikh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peng Wang
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jan H Beumer
- University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Edward Chu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Leonard J Appleman
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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117
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Breig O, Bras S, Martinez Soria N, Osman D, Heidenreich O, Haenlin M, Waltzer L. Pontin is a critical regulator for AML1-ETO-induced leukemia. Leukemia 2014; 28:1271-9. [PMID: 24342949 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The oncogenic fusion protein AML1-ETO, also known as RUNX1-RUNX1T1 is generated by the t(8;21)(q22;q22) translocation, one of the most frequent chromosomal rearrangements in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Identifying the genes that cooperate with or are required for the oncogenic activity of this chimeric transcription factor remains a major challenge. Our previous studies showed that Drosophila provides a genuine model to study how AML1-ETO promotes leukemia. Here, using an in vivo RNA interference screen for suppressors of AML1-ETO activity, we identified pontin/RUVBL1 as a gene required for AML1-ETO-induced lethality and blood cell proliferation in Drosophila. We further show that PONTIN inhibition strongly impaired the growth of human t(8;21)(+) or AML1-ETO-expressing leukemic blood cells. Interestingly, AML1-ETO promoted the transcription of PONTIN. Moreover, transcriptome analysis in Kasumi-1 cells revealed a strong correlation between PONTIN and AML1-ETO gene signatures and demonstrated that PONTIN chiefly regulated the expression of genes implicated in cell cycle progression. Concordantly, PONTIN depletion inhibited leukemic self-renewal and caused cell cycle arrest. All together our data suggest that the upregulation of PONTIN by AML1-ETO participate in the oncogenic growth of t(8;21) cells.
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MESH Headings
- ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Carrier Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Cycle
- Cell Proliferation
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/metabolism
- DNA Helicases/antagonists & inhibitors
- DNA Helicases/genetics
- DNA Helicases/metabolism
- Drosophila melanogaster/genetics
- Drosophila melanogaster/growth & development
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/etiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Translocation, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- O Breig
- CNRS, CBD UMR5547, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CBD (Centre de Biologie du Développement), Bâtiment 4R3, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse, France
| | - S Bras
- CNRS, CBD UMR5547, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CBD (Centre de Biologie du Développement), Bâtiment 4R3, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse, France
| | - N Martinez Soria
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - D Osman
- CNRS, CBD UMR5547, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CBD (Centre de Biologie du Développement), Bâtiment 4R3, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse, France
| | - O Heidenreich
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - M Haenlin
- CNRS, CBD UMR5547, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CBD (Centre de Biologie du Développement), Bâtiment 4R3, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse, France
| | - L Waltzer
- CNRS, CBD UMR5547, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CBD (Centre de Biologie du Développement), Bâtiment 4R3, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse, France
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118
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The Pim-1 protein kinase is an important regulator of MET receptor tyrosine kinase levels and signaling. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:2517-32. [PMID: 24777602 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00147-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MET, the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), plays an important role in signaling normal and tumor cell migration and invasion. Here, we describe a previously unrecognized mechanism that promotes MET expression in multiple tumor cell types. The levels of the Pim-1 protein kinase show a positive correlation with the levels of MET protein in human tumor cell lines and patient-derived tumor materials. Using small interfering RNA (siRNA), Pim knockout mice, small-molecule inhibitors, and overexpression of Pim-1, we confirmed this correlation and found that Pim-1 kinase activity regulates HGF-induced tumor cell migration, invasion, and cell scattering. The novel biochemical mechanism for these effects involves the ability of Pim-1 to control the translation of MET by regulating the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4B (eIF4B) on S406. This targeted phosphorylation is required for the binding of eIF4B to the eIF3 translation initiation complex. Importantly, Pim-1 action was validated by the evaluation of patient blood and bone marrow from a phase I clinical trial of a Pim kinase inhibitor, AZD1208. These results suggest that Pim inhibitors may have an important role in the treatment of patients where MET is driving tumor biology.
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119
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Zhang HT, Wang L, Ai J, Chen Y, He CX, Ji YC, Huang M, Yang JY, Zhang A, Ding J, Geng MY. SOMG-833, a novel selective c-MET inhibitor, blocks c-MET-dependent neoplastic effects and exerts antitumor activity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 350:36-45. [PMID: 24741075 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.214817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatocyte growth factor/c-MET signaling axis plays an important role in tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and tumor angiogenesis, and therefore presents as an attractive target for cancer therapy. Notably, most small-molecule c-MET inhibitors currently undergoing clinical trials are multitarget inhibitors with the unwanted inhibition of additional kinases, often accounting for undesirable toxicity. Here, we discovered SOMG-833 [3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-5-(3-nitrobenzylamino)-7-(trifluoromethyl) quinoline] as a potent and selective small-molecule c-MET inhibitor, with an average IC50 of 0.93 nM against c-MET, over 10,000-fold more potent compared with 19 tyrosine kinases, including c-MET family members and highly homologous kinases. SOMG-833 strongly suppressed c-MET-mediated signaling transduction regardless of mechanistic complexity implicated in c-MET activation, including MET gene amplification, MET gene fusion, and HGF-stimulated c-MET activation. In a panel of 24 human cancer or genetically engineered model cell lines, SOMG-833 potently inhibited c-MET-driven cell proliferation, whereas cancer cells lacking c-MET activation were markedly less sensitive (at least 15-fold) to the treatment. SOMG-833 also suppressed c-MET-mediated migration, invasion, urokinase activity, and invasive growth phenotype. In addition, inhibition of primary human umbilical vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation and downregulation of plasma proangiogenic factor interleukin-8 secretion resulted from SOMG-833 treatment, suggesting its significant antiangiogenic properties. Together, these results led to the remarkable antitumor efficacy of SOMG-833 in vivo, as demonstrated in c-MET-dependent NIH-3T3/TPR-MET, U-87MG, and EBC-1 xenograft models. Collectively, our results suggested SOMG-833 as a promising candidate for highly selective c-MET inhibition and a powerful tool to investigate the sole role of MET kinase in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-tian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (H.-t.Z., J.-y.Y.); Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research (L.W., J.A., Y.C., C.-x.H., Y.-c.J., M.H., J.D., M.-y.G.) and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (A.Z.), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (H.-t.Z., J.-y.Y.); Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research (L.W., J.A., Y.C., C.-x.H., Y.-c.J., M.H., J.D., M.-y.G.) and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (A.Z.), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ai
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (H.-t.Z., J.-y.Y.); Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research (L.W., J.A., Y.C., C.-x.H., Y.-c.J., M.H., J.D., M.-y.G.) and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (A.Z.), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (H.-t.Z., J.-y.Y.); Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research (L.W., J.A., Y.C., C.-x.H., Y.-c.J., M.H., J.D., M.-y.G.) and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (A.Z.), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-xi He
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (H.-t.Z., J.-y.Y.); Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research (L.W., J.A., Y.C., C.-x.H., Y.-c.J., M.H., J.D., M.-y.G.) and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (A.Z.), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-chun Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (H.-t.Z., J.-y.Y.); Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research (L.W., J.A., Y.C., C.-x.H., Y.-c.J., M.H., J.D., M.-y.G.) and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (A.Z.), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (H.-t.Z., J.-y.Y.); Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research (L.W., J.A., Y.C., C.-x.H., Y.-c.J., M.H., J.D., M.-y.G.) and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (A.Z.), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (H.-t.Z., J.-y.Y.); Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research (L.W., J.A., Y.C., C.-x.H., Y.-c.J., M.H., J.D., M.-y.G.) and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (A.Z.), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (H.-t.Z., J.-y.Y.); Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research (L.W., J.A., Y.C., C.-x.H., Y.-c.J., M.H., J.D., M.-y.G.) and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (A.Z.), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (H.-t.Z., J.-y.Y.); Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research (L.W., J.A., Y.C., C.-x.H., Y.-c.J., M.H., J.D., M.-y.G.) and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (A.Z.), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-yu Geng
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (H.-t.Z., J.-y.Y.); Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research (L.W., J.A., Y.C., C.-x.H., Y.-c.J., M.H., J.D., M.-y.G.) and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (A.Z.), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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120
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Kim B, Wang S, Lee JM, Jeong Y, Ahn T, Son DS, Park HW, Yoo HS, Song YJ, Lee E, Oh YM, Lee SB, Choi J, Murray JC, Zhou Y, Song PH, Kim KA, Weiner LM. Synthetic lethal screening reveals FGFR as one of the combinatorial targets to overcome resistance to Met-targeted therapy. Oncogene 2014; 34:1083-93. [PMID: 24662823 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Met is a receptor tyrosine kinase that promotes cancer progression. In addition, Met has been implicated in resistance of tumors to various targeted therapies such as epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in lung cancers, and has been prioritized as a key molecular target for cancer therapy. However, the underlying mechanism of resistance to Met-targeting drugs is poorly understood. Here, we describe screening of 1310 genes to search for key regulators related to drug resistance to an anti-Met therapeutic antibody (SAIT301) by using a small interfering RNA-based synthetic lethal screening method. We found that knockdown of 69 genes in Met-amplified MKN45 cells sensitized the antitumor activity of SAIT301. Pathway analysis of these 69 genes implicated fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) as a key regulator for antiproliferative effects of Met-targeting drugs. Inhibition of FGFR3 increased target cell apoptosis through the suppression of Bcl-xL expression, followed by reduced cancer cell growth in the presence of Met-targeting drugs. Treatment of cells with the FGFR inhibitors substantially restored the efficacy of SAIT301 in SAIT301-resistant cells and enhanced the efficacy in SAIT301-sensitive cells. In addition to FGFR3, integrin β3 is another potential target for combination treatment with SAIT301. Suppression of integrin β3 decreased AKT phosphorylation in SAIT301-resistant cells and restored SAIT301 responsiveness in HCC1954 cells, which are resistant to SAIT301. Gene expression analysis using CCLE database shows that cancer cells with high levels of FGFR and integrin β3 are resistant to crizotinib treatment, suggesting that FGFR and integrin β3 could be used as predictive markers for Met-targeted therapy and provide a potential therapeutic option to overcome acquired and innate resistance for the Met-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kim
- BioTherapeutics Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - S Wang
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J M Lee
- BioTherapeutics Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Y Jeong
- BioTherapeutics Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - T Ahn
- BioTherapeutics Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - D-S Son
- BioTherapeutics Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - H W Park
- BioTherapeutics Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - H-s Yoo
- BioTherapeutics Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Y-J Song
- BioTherapeutics Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - E Lee
- BioTherapeutics Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Y M Oh
- BioTherapeutics Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - S B Lee
- BioTherapeutics Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - J Choi
- BioTherapeutics Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - J C Murray
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Y Zhou
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - P H Song
- BioTherapeutics Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - K-A Kim
- BioTherapeutics Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - L M Weiner
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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121
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Koeppen H, Rost S, Yauch RL. Developing biomarkers to predict benefit from HGF/MET pathway inhibitors. J Pathol 2014; 232:210-8. [PMID: 24105670 DOI: 10.1002/path.4268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the MET signalling pathway is critical in regulating multiple cellular processes underlying tumourigenic growth and has represented an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in cancer. Early stage clinical studies of multiple agents targeting this pathway have been undertaken, frequently in unselected patient cohorts with variable results. Promising data in patient subgroups in these studies indicate the need for predictive biomarkers to identify the patients most likely to benefit from these therapies. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of mechanisms of MET activation, the status of the clinical evaluation of MET-targeted therapies, the associated efforts to identify and validate biomarkers, and the considerations and challenges for potential development of companion diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Koeppen
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Webster DE, Barajas B, Bussat RT, Yan KJ, Neela PH, Flockhart RJ, Kovalski J, Zehnder A, Khavari PA. Enhancer-targeted genome editing selectively blocks innate resistance to oncokinase inhibition. Genome Res 2014; 24:751-60. [PMID: 24443471 PMCID: PMC4009605 DOI: 10.1101/gr.166231.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Thousands of putative enhancers are characterized in the human genome, yet few have been shown to have a functional role in cancer progression. Inhibiting oncokinases, such as EGFR, ALK, ERBB2, and BRAF, is a mainstay of current cancer therapy but is hindered by innate drug resistance mediated by up-regulation of the HGF receptor, MET. The mechanisms mediating such genomic responses to targeted therapy are unknown. Here, we identify lineage-specific enhancers at the MET locus for multiple common tumor types, including a melanoma lineage-specific enhancer 63 kb downstream from the MET TSS. This enhancer displays inducible chromatin looping with the MET promoter to up-regulate MET expression upon BRAF inhibition. Epigenomic analysis demonstrated that the melanocyte-specific transcription factor, MITF, mediates this enhancer function. Targeted genomic deletion (<7 bp) of the MITF motif within the MET enhancer suppressed inducible chromatin looping and innate drug resistance, while maintaining MITF-dependent, inhibitor-induced melanoma cell differentiation. Epigenomic analysis can thus guide functional disruption of regulatory DNA to decouple pro- and anti-oncogenic functions of a dominant transcription factor and block innate resistance to oncokinase therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan E Webster
- The Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA; The Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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123
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Singbrant S, Wall M, Moody J, Karlsson G, Chalk AM, Liddicoat B, Russell MR, Walkley CR, Karlsson S. The SKI proto-oncogene enhances the in vivo repopulation of hematopoietic stem cells and causes myeloproliferative disease. Haematologica 2014; 99:647-55. [PMID: 24415629 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2013.093971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The proto-oncogene SKI is highly expressed in human myeloid leukemia and also in murine hematopoietic stem cells. However, its operative relevance in these cells remains elusive. We have over-expressed SKI to define its intrinsic role in hematopoiesis and myeloid neoplasms, which resulted in a robust competitive advantage upon transplantation, a complete dominance of the stem and progenitor compartments, and a marked enhancement of myeloid differentiation at the expense of other lineages. Accordingly, enforced expression of SKI induced a gene signature associated with hematopoietic stem cells and myeloid differentiation, as well as hepatocyte growth factor signaling. Here we demonstrate that, in contrast to what has generally been assumed, the significant impact of SKI on hematopoiesis is independent of its ability to inhibit TGF-beta signaling. Instead, myeloid progenitors expressing SKI are partially dependent on functional hepatocyte growth factor signaling. Collectively our results demonstrate that SKI is an important regulator of hematopoietic stem cell activity and its overexpression leads to myeloproliferative disease.
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124
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Maroun CR, Rowlands T. The Met receptor tyrosine kinase: a key player in oncogenesis and drug resistance. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 142:316-38. [PMID: 24384534 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Met receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) is an attractive oncology therapeutic target. Met and its ligand, HGF, play a central role in signaling pathways that are exploited during the oncogenic process, including regulation of cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and cancer stem cell regulation. Elevated Met and HGF as well as numerous Met genetic alterations have been reported in human cancers and correlate with poor outcome. Alterations of pathways that regulate Met, such as the ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl are also likely to activate Met in the oncogenic setting. Moreover, interactive crosstalk between Met and other receptors such as EGFR, HER2 and VEGFR, underlies a key role for Met in resistance to other RTK-targeted therapies. A large body of preclinical and clinical data exists that supports the use of either antibodies or small molecule inhibitors that target Met or HGF as oncology therapeutics. The prognostic potential of Met expression has been suggested from studies in numerous cancers including lung, renal, liver, head and neck, stomach, and breast. Clinical trials using Met inhibitors indicate that the level of Met expression is a determinant of trial outcome, a finding that is actively under investigation in multiple clinical scenarios. Research in Met prognostics and predictors of drug response is now shifting toward more sophisticated methodologies suitable for development as validated and effective biomarkers that can be partnered with therapeutics to improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane R Maroun
- Mirati Therapeutics, 7150 Frederick-Banting, Suite 200, Montreal, Quebec H4S 2A1, Canada.
| | - Tracey Rowlands
- Mirati Therapeutics, 7150 Frederick-Banting, Suite 200, Montreal, Quebec H4S 2A1, Canada
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125
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Asmussen J, Lasater EA, Tajon C, Oses-Prieto J, Jun YW, Taylor BS, Burlingame A, Craik CS, Shah NP. MEK-dependent negative feedback underlies BCR-ABL-mediated oncogene addiction. Cancer Discov 2013; 4:200-15. [PMID: 24362263 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-13-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The clinical experience with BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) provides compelling evidence for oncogene addiction. Yet, the molecular basis of oncogene addiction remains elusive. Through unbiased quantitative phosphoproteomic analyses of CML cells transiently exposed to BCR-ABL TKI, we identified persistent downregulation of growth factor receptor (GF-R) signaling pathways. We then established and validated a tissue-relevant isogenic model of BCR-ABL-mediated addiction, and found evidence for myeloid GF-R signaling pathway rewiring that profoundly and persistently dampens physiologic pathway activation. We demonstrate that eventual restoration of ligand-mediated GF-R pathway activation is insufficient to fully rescue cells from a competing apoptotic fate. In contrast to previous work with BRAF(V600E) in melanoma cells, feedback inhibition following BCR-ABL TKI treatment is markedly prolonged, extending beyond the time required to initiate apoptosis. Mechanistically, BCR-ABL-mediated oncogene addiction is facilitated by persistent high levels of MAP-ERK kinase (MEK)-dependent negative feedback. SIGNIFICANCE We found that BCR–ABL can confer addiction in vitro by rewiring myeloid GF-R signaling through establishment of MEK-dependent negative feedback. Our findings predict that deeper, more durable responses to targeted agents across a range of malignancies may be facilitated by maintaining negative feedback concurrently with oncoprotein inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Asmussen
- Departments of 1Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, 2Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 3Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 4Otolaryngology, and 5Epidemiology and Biostatistics; 6Division of Hematology/Oncology; and 7Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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126
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Cui JJ. Targeting receptor tyrosine kinase MET in cancer: small molecule inhibitors and clinical progress. J Med Chem 2013; 57:4427-53. [PMID: 24320965 DOI: 10.1021/jm401427c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The HGF/MET signaling pathway is critical in mediating a wide range of normal physiological functions including embryological development, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. Aberrant activation of the pathway has frequently been found in human cancers via protein overexpression, mutation, gene amplification, and also paracrine or autocrine up-regulation. In addition, the activation of HGF/MET signaling confers resistance to the effects of cancer treatments. Therefore, inhibition of the HGF/MET signaling pathway has great potential for therapeutic intervention in cancer. Currently, there are three approaches toward modulating HGF/MET signaling in human clinical studies of cancer: anti-HGF monoclonal antibodies, MET monoclonal antibodies, and small molecule MET inhibitors. Preliminary clinical benefit from inhibition of HGF or MET has been reported. This Perspective will provide an overview of the HGF/MET signaling pathway in cancer and then will review the development of small molecule MET inhibitors and their progress in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jean Cui
- TP Therapeutics, Inc. , 6150 Lusk Boulevard, Suite B100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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127
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Mulgrew NM, Kettyle LMJ, Ramsey JM, Cull S, Smyth LJ, Mervyn DM, Bijl JJ, Thompson A. c-Met inhibition in a HOXA9/Meis1 model of CN-AML. Dev Dyn 2013; 243:172-81. [PMID: 24307265 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoiesis is a paradigm for developmental processes, hierarchically organized, with stem cells at its origin. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) replenish progenitor and precursor cells of multiple lineages, which normally differentiate into short-lived mature circulating cells. Hematopoiesis has provided insight into the molecular basis of tissue homeostasis and malignancy. Malignant hematopoiesis, in particular acute myeloid leukemia (AML), results from impaired development or differentiation of HSCs and progenitors. Co-overexpression of HOX and TALE genes, particularly the HOXA cluster and MEIS1, is associated with AML. Clinically relevant models of AML are required to advance drug development for an aging patient cohort. RESULTS Molecular analysis identified altered gene, microRNA, and protein expression in HOXA9/Meis1 leukemic bone marrow compared to normal controls. A candidate drug screen identified the c-Met inhibitor SU11274 for further analysis. Altered cell cycle status, apoptosis, differentiation, and impaired colony formation were shown for SU11274 in AML cell lines and primary leukemic bone marrow. CONCLUSIONS The clonal HOXA9/Meis1 AML model is amenable to drug screening analysis. The data presented indicate that human AML cells respond in a similar manner to the HOXA9/Meis1 cells, indicating pre-clinical relevance of the mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuala M Mulgrew
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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128
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Cañadas I, Rojo F, Taus Á, Arpí O, Arumí-Uría M, Pijuan L, Menéndez S, Zazo S, Dómine M, Salido M, Mojal S, García de Herreros A, Rovira A, Albanell J, Arriola E. Targeting Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition with Met Inhibitors Reverts Chemoresistance in Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 20:938-50. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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129
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Haouas
- Department of Biological and Chemical EngineeringNational Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Tunis, Tunisia
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130
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Chen JQ, Lee JH, Herrmann MA, Park KS, Heldman MR, Goldsmith PK, Wang Y, Giaccone G. Capillary isoelectric-focusing immunoassays to study dynamic oncoprotein phosphorylation and drug response to targeted therapies in non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:2601-13. [PMID: 23979919 PMCID: PMC3823739 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Developing proteomic biomarkers is valuable for evaluating therapeutic effects of drugs and generating better treatment strategies. However, conventional protein analysis is often challenging due to inadequate sample size of clinical specimens, lack of assay reproducibility, accuracy, and sensitivity. A novel capillary isoelectricfocusing (IEF) immunoassay system (NanoPro) was used to study the dynamic phosphorylation status of signaling molecules in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase and MEK inhibitors. NanoPro showed the same dynamic ERK phosphorylation as Western blotting with good assay reproducibility using 1,000 times less protein. The IEF separation in NanoPro system enables multiple protein phosphorylation isoforms to be resolved and detected simultaneously. With NanoPro, we identified a specific on-target mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) response pattern to MEK inhibitor PD325901, which was not detectable by Western blot analysis. We also revealed a MEK2 signal that may be associated with NSCLC cell sensitivity to the EGF receptor inhibitor erlotinib, and distinguished erlotinib-sensitive cells from intrinsic as well as acquired resistant cells to erlotinib. Moreover, NanoPro could differentiate human ERK1 isoforms from the mouse isoforms based on their isoelectric point differences and showed that erlotinib effectively inhibited ERK phosphorylation in targeted human xenograft cancer cells but not in surrounding mouse stromal cells. With 8 μg of tumor aspirates, we precisely quantified the response of 18 signaling molecules to erlotinib and MEK1 inhibitor treatments in an NSCLC patient. NanoPro's higher sensitivity, better resolution of protein phosphorylation status, and reduced tissue requirement warrant NanoPro's investigation for future drug development and evaluation of drug effects of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Qiu Chen
- Corresponding Author: Giuseppe Giaccone, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC.
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131
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Nickoloff BJ, Vande Woude G. Hepatocyte growth factor in the neighborhood reverses resistance to BRAF inhibitor in melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2013; 25:758-61. [PMID: 22974232 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Nickoloff
- Nicholas V. Perricone Division of Dermatology, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, and Lab of Cutaneous Oncology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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132
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Fan AC, O'Rourke JJ, Praharaj DR, Felsher DW. Real-time nanoscale proteomic analysis of the novel multi-kinase pathway inhibitor rigosertib to measure the response to treatment of cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 22:1495-509. [PMID: 23937225 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.829453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rigosertib (ON01910.Na), is a targeted therapeutic that inhibits multiple kinases, including PI3K and PIk-1. Rigosertib has been found to induce the proliferative arrest and apoptosis of myeloblasts but not of other normal hematopoietic cells. Rigosertib has significant clinical activity as a therapy for patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome who are otherwise refractory to DNA methyltransferase inhibitors. Moreover, rigosertib has potential clinical activity in a multitude of solid tumors. AREAS COVERED The objective of this review is to evaluate the mechanism of activity, efficacy and dosing of rigosertib. Furthermore, the challenge in the clinical development of rigosertib, to identify the specific patients that are most likely to benefit from this therapeutic agent, is discussed. A PubMed search was performed using the following key words: rigosertib and ON01910.Na. EXPERT OPINION We describe the application of a novel nanoscale proteomic assay, the nanoimmunoassay, a tractable approach for measuring the activity and predicting the efficacy of rigosertib, in real-time, using limited human clinical specimens. Our strategy suggests a possible paradigm where proteomic analysis during the pre-clinical and clinical development of a therapy can be used to uncover biomarkers for the analysis and prediction of efficacy in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice C Fan
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology , Stanford, CA , USA
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133
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Corso S, Giordano S. Cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms of HGF/MET-driven resistance to targeted therapies: from basic research to a clinical perspective. Cancer Discov 2013; 3:978-92. [PMID: 23901039 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-13-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Targeted therapies have opened new perspectives in clinical oncology. However, clinicians have observed a lack of response in a relevant percentage of patients and frequent relapse in patients who initially respond. Therefore, a compelling challenge is to identify mechanisms underlying resistance and strategies to circumvent these hurdles. A growing body of evidence indicates that MET, the tyrosine kinase receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), is frequently implicated in resistance to targeted therapies. In this review, we highlight cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms through which MET drives resistance, and we discuss some unsolved issues related to the selection of patients who could benefit from combined therapies. SIGNIFICANCE Resistance is, at present, the major limitation to the efficacy of targeted therapies. Inappropriate MET activation is very frequently implicated in the onset of primary and secondary resistance to these therapies. Deciphering the role of the HGF/MET axis in resistance to different drugs could guide the design of new clinical trials based on combinatorial therapies, and it might help to overcome, or possibly prevent, the onset of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Corso
- Department of Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research at Candiolo, University of Torino, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
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134
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Burbridge MF, Bossard CJ, Saunier C, Fejes I, Bruno A, Léonce S, Ferry G, Da Violante G, Bouzom F, Cattan V, Jacquet-Bescond A, Comoglio PM, Lockhart BP, Boutin JA, Cordi A, Ortuno JC, Pierré A, Hickman JA, Cruzalegui FH, Depil S. S49076 is a novel kinase inhibitor of MET, AXL, and FGFR with strong preclinical activity alone and in association with bevacizumab. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:1749-62. [PMID: 23804704 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activity of the receptor tyrosine kinases MET, AXL, and FGFR1/2/3 has been associated with tumor progression in a wide variety of human malignancies, notably in instances of primary or acquired resistance to existing or emerging anticancer therapies. This study describes the preclinical characterization of S49076, a novel, potent inhibitor of MET, AXL/MER, and FGFR1/2/3. S49076 potently blocked cellular phosphorylation of MET, AXL, and FGFRs and inhibited downstream signaling in vitro and in vivo. In cell models, S49076 inhibited the proliferation of MET- and FGFR2-dependent gastric cancer cells, blocked MET-driven migration of lung carcinoma cells, and inhibited colony formation of hepatocarcinoma cells expressing FGFR1/2 and AXL. In tumor xenograft models, a good pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship for MET and FGFR2 inhibition following oral administration of S49076 was established and correlated well with impact on tumor growth. MET, AXL, and the FGFRs have all been implicated in resistance to VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors such as bevacizumab. Accordingly, combination of S49076 with bevacizumab in colon carcinoma xenograft models led to near total inhibition of tumor growth. Moreover, S49076 alone caused tumor growth arrest in bevacizumab-resistant tumors. On the basis of these preclinical studies showing a favorable and novel pharmacologic profile of S49076, a phase I study is currently underway in patients with advanced solid tumors. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(9); 1749-62. ©2013 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike F Burbridge
- Corresponding Author: Mike F. Burbridge, Oncology Research and Development Unit, Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 chemin de Ronde, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France.
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135
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Ghiso E, Giordano S. Targeting MET: why, where and how? Curr Opin Pharmacol 2013; 13:511-8. [PMID: 23797036 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the initial skepticism, targeted therapies represent a new perspective in the treatment of cancer. Tyrosine kinases, and in particular receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), are considered ideal targets for this type of therapy. MET, the tyrosine kinase receptor for the Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), has recently become a very interesting and studied target in oncology. In this review we discuss firstly 'why' the MET/HGF pathway can be considered a target in human tumors; secondly 'where' MET/HGF inhibition can be useful in cancer treatment and finally 'how' MET and HGF can be inhibited using either monoclonal antibodies or tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We also highlight some questions in the anti-MET/HGF targeted therapy field that are still waiting for an answer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ghiso
- University of Torino, Department of Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research at Candiolo, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
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136
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Evangelisti C, Evangelisti C, Bressanin D, Buontempo F, Chiarini F, Lonetti A, Soncin M, Spartà A, McCubrey JA, Martelli AM. Targeting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling in acute myelogenous leukemia. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:921-36. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.808333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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137
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Bardelli A, Corso S, Bertotti A, Hobor S, Valtorta E, Siravegna G, Sartore-Bianchi A, Scala E, Cassingena A, Zecchin D, Apicella M, Migliardi G, Galimi F, Lauricella C, Zanon C, Perera T, Veronese S, Corti G, Amatu A, Gambacorta M, Diaz LA, Sausen M, Velculescu VE, Comoglio P, Trusolino L, Di Nicolantonio F, Giordano S, Siena S. Amplification of the MET receptor drives resistance to anti-EGFR therapies in colorectal cancer. Cancer Discov 2013; 3:658-73. [PMID: 23729478 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-12-0558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 519] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
EGF receptor (EGFR)-targeted monoclonal antibodies are effective in a subset of metastatic colorectal cancers. Inevitably, all patients develop resistance, which occurs through emergence of KRAS mutations in approximately 50% of the cases. We show that amplification of the MET proto-oncogene is associated with acquired resistance in tumors that do not develop KRAS mutations during anti-EGFR therapy. Amplification of the MET locus was present in circulating tumor DNA before relapse was clinically evident. Functional studies show that MET activation confers resistance to anti-EGFR therapy both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, in patient-derived colorectal cancer xenografts, MET amplification correlated with resistance to EGFR blockade, which could be overcome by MET kinase inhibitors. These results highlight the role of MET in mediating primary and secondary resistance to anti-EGFR therapies in colorectal cancer and encourage the use of MET inhibitors in patients displaying resistance as a result of MET amplification.
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138
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Vacchelli E, Eggermont A, Fridman WH, Galon J, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch: Immunostimulatory cytokines. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e24850. [PMID: 24073369 PMCID: PMC3782010 DOI: 10.4161/onci.24850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past two decades, the notion that cancer would merely constitute a cell-intrinsic disease has gradually been complemented by a model postulating that the immune system plays a relevant role during all stages of oncogenesis and tumor progression. Along with this conceptual shift, several strategies have been devised to stimulate tumor-specific immune responses, including relatively unselective approaches such as the systemic administration of adjuvants or immunomodulatory cytokines. One year ago, in the July issue of OncoImmunology, we described the main biological features of this large group of proteins and discussed the progress of ongoing clinical studies evaluating their safety and therapeutic potential in cancer patients. Here, we summarize the latest developments in this area of clinical research, focusing on high impact studies that have been published during the last 13 mo and clinical trials launched in the same period to investigate which cytokines can be employed as safe and efficient immunostimulatory interventions against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Vacchelli
- Institut Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Paris, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France
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Masui K, Gini B, Wykosky J, Zanca C, Mischel PS, Furnari FB, Cavenee WK. A tale of two approaches: complementary mechanisms of cytotoxic and targeted therapy resistance may inform next-generation cancer treatments. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:725-38. [PMID: 23455378 PMCID: PMC3616676 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy and molecularly targeted approaches represent two very different modes of cancer treatment and each is associated with unique benefits and limitations. Both types of therapy share the overarching limitation of the emergence of drug resistance, which prevents these drugs from eliciting lasting clinical benefit. This review will provide an overview of the various mechanisms of resistance to each of these classes of drugs and examples of drug combinations that have been tested clinically. This analysis supports the contention that understanding modes of resistance to both chemotherapy and molecularly targeted therapies may be very useful in selecting those drugs of each class that will have complementing mechanisms of sensitivity and thereby represent reasonable combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paul S. Mischel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research
- Moores Cancer Center and
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0660, USA
| | - Frank B. Furnari
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research
- Moores Cancer Center and
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0660, USA
| | - Webster K. Cavenee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research
- Moores Cancer Center and
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0660, USA
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140
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Bonardi F, Fusetti F, Deelen P, van Gosliga D, Vellenga E, Schuringa JJ. A proteomics and transcriptomics approach to identify leukemic stem cell (LSC) markers. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 12:626-37. [PMID: 23233446 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.021931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between hematopoietic stem cells and their niche are mediated by proteins within the plasma membrane (PM) and changes in these interactions might alter hematopoietic stem cell fate and ultimately result in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, using nano-LC/MS/MS, we set out to analyze the PM profile of two leukemia patient samples. We identified 867 and 610 unique CD34(+) PM (-associated) proteins in these AML samples respectively, including previously described proteins such as CD47, CD44, CD135, CD96, and ITGA5, but also novel ones like CD82, CD97, CD99, PTH2R, ESAM, MET, and ITGA6. Further validation by flow cytometry and functional studies indicated that long-term self-renewing leukemic stem cells reside within the CD34(+)/ITGA6(+) fraction, at least in a subset of AML cases. Furthermore, we combined proteomics with transcriptomics approaches using a large panel of AML CD34(+) (n = 60) and normal bone marrow CD34(+) (n = 40) samples. Thus, we identified eight subgroups of AML patients based on their specific PM expression profile. GSEA analysis revealed that these eight subgroups are enriched for specific cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bonardi
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, The Netherlands
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