101
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Zhang X, Zhang M, Tong J, Guo P, Wang X, Liang Z, Wang Y, Xia Y. Synthesis and photovoltaic investigation of dithieno[2,3‐
d
:2′,3′‐
d
′]‐benzo[1,2‐
b
:3,4‐
b
′:5,6‐
d
″]trithiophene‐based conjugated polymer with an enlarged π‐conjugated system. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry EducationLanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou PR China
| | - Minjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry EducationLanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou PR China
| | - Junfeng Tong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry EducationLanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou PR China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringLanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou PR China
| | - Pengzhi Guo
- National Green Coating Technology and Equipment Research CenterLanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou PR China
| | - Xunchang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China
| | - Zezhou Liang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry EducationLanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou PR China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry EducationLanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou PR China
| | - Yangjun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry EducationLanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou PR China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringLanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou PR China
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102
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Kaake LG. Towards the Organic Double Heterojunction Solar Cell. CHEM REC 2019; 19:1131-1141. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Loren G. Kaake
- Department of ChemistrySimon Fraser University 8888 University Dr. Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
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103
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Yuan J, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Zhang C, Lau TK, Zhang G, Lu X, Yip HL, So SK, Beaupré S, Mainville M, Johnson PA, Leclerc M, Chen H, Peng H, Li Y, Zou Y. Fused Benzothiadiazole: A Building Block for n-Type Organic Acceptor to Achieve High-Performance Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807577. [PMID: 30883937 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Narrow bandgap n-type organic semiconductors (n-OS) have attracted great attention in recent years as acceptors in organic solar cells (OSCs), due to their easily tuned absorption and electronic energy levels in comparison with fullerene acceptors. Herein, a new n-OS acceptor, Y5, with an electron-deficient-core-based fused structure is designed and synthesized, which exhibits a strong absorption in the 600-900 nm region with an extinction coefficient of 1.24 × 105 cm-1 , and an electron mobility of 2.11 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1 . By blending Y5 with three types of common medium-bandgap polymers (J61, PBDB-T, and TTFQx-T1) as donors, all devices exhibit high short-circuit current densities over 20 mA cm-2 . As a result, the power conversion efficiency of the Y5-based OSCs with J61, TTFQx-T1, and PBDB-T reaches 11.0%, 13.1%, and 14.1%, respectively. This indicates that Y5 is a universal and highly efficient n-OS acceptor for applications in organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yunqiang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Liuyang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chujun Zhang
- Department of Physics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Tsz-Ki Lau
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Guichuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Shu Kong So
- Department of Physics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Serge Beaupré
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mathieu Mainville
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Paul A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mario Leclerc
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Honggang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hongjian Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yingping Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
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104
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Dong B, Cui J, Gao Y, Qi Y, Zhang F, Li C. Heterostructure of 1D Ta 3 N 5 Nanorod/BaTaO 2 N Nanoparticle Fabricated by a One-Step Ammonia Thermal Route for Remarkably Promoted Solar Hydrogen Production. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1808185. [PMID: 30785220 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201808185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Heterostructures are widely fabricated for promotion of photogenerated charge separation and solar cell/fuel production. (Oxy)nitrides are extremely promising for solar energy conversion, but the fabrication of heterostructures based on nitrogen-containing semiconductors is still challenging. Here, a simple ammonia thermal synthesis of a heterostructure (denoted as Ta3 N5 /BTON) composed of 1D Ta3 N5 nanorods and BaTaO2 N (BTON) nanoparticles (0D), which is demonstrated to result in a remarkable increase in photogenerated charge separation and solar hydrogen production from water, is introduced. As analyzed and discussed, the Ta3 N5 /BTON heterostructure is type II and tends to create intimate interfaces between the 1D nanorods and 0D nanoparticles. The 1D Ta3 N5 nanorods are demonstrated to transfer electrons along the rod orientation direction. Furthermore, the intimate interfaces of the heterostructure are believed to originate from the similar Ta-based octahedron units of Ta3 N5 and BTON. All of the above features are expected to integrally endow increased photoinduced charge separation and one order of magnitude higher solar overall water splitting activity with respect to counterpart systems. These results may open a new avenue to fabricate heterostructures on the basis of nitrogen-containing semiconductors that is extremely promising for solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junyan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yuying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Fuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian, 116023, China
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105
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Chen J, Bi Z, Xu X, Zhang Q, Yang S, Guo S, Yan H, You W, Ma W. Fine Optimization of Morphology Evolution Kinetics with Binary Additives for Efficient Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801560. [PMID: 30937258 PMCID: PMC6425445 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The power conversion efficiency of polymer solar cells (PSCs) is strongly affected by active layer morphology. Here, two solvent additives (ODT: octance-1,8-dithiol; DIO: 1,8-diiodooctane) are used to optimize the bulk heterojunction morphology of FTAZ:ITIC-Th based PSCs and ≈11% efficiency is obtained, which is 10% higher than the untreated device. Based on the morphological characterizations, the influence of binary solvent additives on manipulating molecular packing and phase separation of blend films is successfully revealed. More importantly, in situ grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering characterization is adopted to explore the crucial role played by these two solvent additives at different stages of the film-forming process, that is, ODT influences the initial stage of the film-forming process, while DIO later establishes the ultimate photoactive film formation. Due to the impacts of two additives at different film processing stages, an optimal ratio of ODT:DIO (0.375%:0.125%) is obtained, which helps in realizing the optimized morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianya Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
- School of ScienceMOE Key Laboratory for Non‐equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed MatterXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Zhaozhao Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Xianbin Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599USA
| | - Shengchun Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
- School of ScienceMOE Key Laboratory for Non‐equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed MatterXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Shengwei Guo
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringNorth Minzu UniversityYinchuan750021China
| | - Hongping Yan
- SLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryMenlo ParkCA94025USA
| | - Wei You
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599USA
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
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106
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Wang N, Long X, Ding Z, Feng J, Lin B, Ma W, Dou C, Liu J, Wang L. Improving Active Layer Morphology of All-Polymer Solar Cells by Dissolving the Two Polymers Individually. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University
of
Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Long
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Zicheng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jirui Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Baojun Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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107
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Matsumoto F, Sumino S, Iwai T, Ito T. Regioselectivity enhancement in synthesis of [70]fullerene derivatives by introduction of a branched structure. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:2629-2634. [PMID: 30768088 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob03144d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Regio-purity in [70]fullerene derivatives is of great importance to improve the power conversion efficiencies of organic photovoltaics. We found that the introduction of a branched structure to [70]PCBM enhanced the yield of α-isomers. The effect of the steric group in the reaction mechanism was theoretically investigated and a difference in the activation energies within specific pathways was revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fukashi Matsumoto
- Research Division of Organic Materials, Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 1-6-50, Morinomiya, Joto-ku, Osaka 536-8553, Japan.
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108
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Beejapur HA, Zhang Q, Hu K, Zhu L, Wang J, Ye Z. TEMPO in Chemical Transformations: From Homogeneous to Heterogeneous. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b05001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hazi Ahmad Beejapur
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Kecheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jianli Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Zhibin Ye
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1M8, Canada
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109
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Patel J, Sharma A, Chauhan M, Aatif M, Vashistha N, Kumar M, Tripathi B, Chand S, Tiwari JP, Pandey MK. Understanding charge carrier dynamics in a P3HT:FLR blend. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:2771-2782. [PMID: 30667010 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05518a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In organic semiconductors, optical absorption is pivotal for the performance of optoelectronic devices. The absorption by the semiconductors generates excitons which dissociate into free charge carriers, resulting in energy conversion. Although high performance has been achieved in non-fullerene organic solar cells, their charge generation behavior is far from being well understood. Keeping this in view, we have employed optical spectroscopic tools to study the charge generation mechanism in FLR (1,6,7,10-tetramethylfluoranthene) as a non-fullerene electron acceptor blended with P3HT (poly(3-hexylthiophene)) as an electron donor in five different solvents. Through steady state UV-visible and photoluminescence spectroscopy, we provide a basic understanding of charge transport by enlightening the influence of solvents on the aggregation behavior and exciton bandwidth. Furthermore, for the first time, by employing ultrafast vis-NIR transient absorption spectroscopy, we address the ultrafast charge generation and charge separation mechanism with systematic variation in solvent polarity by incorporating the time evolution of the transient species under various pump-probe wavelengths in the range of 450 nm to 1600 nm. For the different excitation wavelengths, the lifetime kinetics have been depicted by their multiexponential fits. The results show a fast decay term at a lifetime of a few picoseconds (ps) (∼1 to 5 ps) and a slow decay term at a lifetime of ∼500 ps. The charge generation in the P3HT:FLR blend proceeds on a ps time scale, which implies good intermixing of the components. It is clearly established that the non-halogenated solvents influence this aggregation behavior and higher conjugation lengths with higher photoluminescence quenching contribute to the higher charge generation. The enhanced polaron population in P3HT with the addition of FLR illustrates the importance of this acceptor material in the blend because a good solvent-material combination is essential to enhance the charge generation. As such, this comprehensive study explicitly shows the role of FLR as an emerging efficient non-fullerene acceptor for further improving the performance of devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Patel
- Department of Science, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar 382007, India.
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110
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Rather SR, Scholes GD. From Fundamental Theories to Quantum Coherences in Electron Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:708-722. [PMID: 30412671 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced electron transfer (ET) is a cornerstone of energy transduction from light to chemistry. The past decade has seen tremendous advances in the possible role of quantum coherent effects in the light-initiated energy and ET processes in chemical, biological, and materials systems. The prevalence of such coherence effects holds a promise to increase the efficiency and robustness of transport even in the face of energetic or structural disorder. A primary motive of this Perspective is to work out how to think about "coherence" in ET reactions. We will discuss how the interplay of basic parameters governing ET reactions-like electronic coupling, interactions with the environment, and intramolecular high-frequency quantum vibrations-impact coherences. This includes revisiting the insights from the seminal work on the theory of ET and time-resolved measurements on coherent dynamics to explore the role of coherences in ET reactions. We conclude by suggesting that in addition to optical spectroscopies, validating the functional role of coherences would require simultaneous mapping of correlated electron motion and atomically resolved nuclear structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnawaz R. Rather
- Frick Chemistry Laboratory , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Frick Chemistry Laboratory , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
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111
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Huang Y, Luscombe CK. Towards Green Synthesis and Processing of Organic Solar Cells. CHEM REC 2019; 19:1039-1049. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Huang
- Department of Material Science & Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA 98195
| | - Christine K. Luscombe
- Department of Material Science & Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA 98195
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195
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112
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Park MS, Kim FS. Synergistic Effects of Processing Additives and Thermal Annealing on Nanomorphology and Hole Mobility of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Thin Films. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11010112. [PMID: 30960096 PMCID: PMC6401865 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of the nanoscale molecular ordering and charge-carrier mobility of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) was achieved by the combined use of processing additives and thermal annealing. Evaluation of four processing additives (1,8-octanedithiol (ODT), diphenyl ether (DPE), 1-chloronaphthalene (CN), and 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO), which are commonly used for the fabrication of organic solar cells, revealed that the nanoscale molecular ordering and, therefore, the charge-carrier mobility, are largely affected by the additives, as demonstrated by spectral absorption, X-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy. Thermal annealing selectively influenced the morphological changes, depending on the solubility of P3HT in the additive at high temperature. In the case of CN, in which P3HT can be dissolved at moderate temperature, significant molecular ordering was observed even without thermal annealing. For DIO, in which P3HT is only soluble at elevated temperature, the mobility reached 1.14 × 10-1 cm² V-1 s-1 only after annealing. ODT and DPE were not effective as processing additives in a single-component P3HT. This study provides insight for designing the processing conditions to control the morphology and charge-transport properties of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Soo Park
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Felix Sunjoo Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
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113
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Jain N, Bothra U, Moghe D, Sadhanala A, Friend RH, McNeill CR, Kabra D. Negative Correlation between Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Disorder in Bulk-Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:44576-44582. [PMID: 30488688 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
By varying the concentration of a solvent additive, we demonstrate the modulation of intermolecular (donor/acceptor (D/A) interface) and intramolecular (bulk) disorder in blends of the low-band gap polymer poly[2,6-(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4 H-cyclopental[2,1- b;3,4- b']-dithiophene)- alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (PCPDTBT) blended with [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM). Using the solvent additive concentration of 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) in the host-processing solvent, the disorder in the bulk and at the interface is studied in terms of Urbach energy, electroluminescence (EL) broadening, and EL quantum efficiency (ELQE). The Urbach energy varies from 80 to 39 meV for bulk and 39 to 51 meV for D/A interface. An interesting feature is that changes in the Urbach energy of the D/A interface are opposite to those of the Urbach energy of bulk; i.e., the disorder at the D/A interface increases as the disorder in the bulk decreases with increase in DIO concentration. Our study evidently suggested a negative correlation between intermolecular and intramolecular property in a bulk-heterojunction solar cell. Furthermore, scanning photocurrent microscopy measurements show that the effective hole transport length is double in magnitude for cells processed from 3 vol % DIO in comparison to that in cells processed from 0 vol %. This increase in effective hole transport length is explained by an increase in the delocalization of the electronic states involved in charge transport, as confirmed by dark J- V knee voltage, JSC and EU-bulk measurements. Henceforth, we provide a functional relationship between the additive-induced bulk-heterojunction morphology and the optoelectronic properties of PCPDTBT-based solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Urvashi Bothra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Monash University , Wellington Road , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia
| | | | - Aditya Sadhanala
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0HE , U.K
| | - Richard H Friend
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0HE , U.K
| | - Christopher R McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Monash University , Wellington Road , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia
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114
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Lee D, Sang JS, Yoo PJ, Shin TJ, Oh KW, Park J. Machine-Washable Smart Textiles with Photothermal and Antibacterial Activities from Nanocomposite Fibers of Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles and Polyacrylonitrile. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 11:polym11010016. [PMID: 30960000 PMCID: PMC6402031 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Smart textiles based on conjugated polymers have been highlighted as promising fabrics that can intelligently respond to environmental stimuli based on the electrical properties of polymer semiconductors. However, there has been limited interest in the photothermal properties of conjugated polymers that can be applied to smart textiles. We prepared nanoparticles by assembling a conjugated polymer with a fatty acid via an emulsion process and nanocomposite fibers by distributing the conjugated polymer nanoparticles in a polyacrylonitrile matrix. We then fabricated the textiles using the fibers. The resulting fabrics based on nanocomposite fibers show a temperature increase to 50 °C in 10 min under white light irradiation because of efficient photothermal conversion by the conjugated polymer light harvester, while the temperature of a pristine polyacrylonitrile fabric increases to only 35 °C. In addition, excellent antimicrobial activity was confirmed by a 99.9% decrease in the populations of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli over 24 h because of the effect of the fatty acid in the nanocomposite films and fabrics. Furthermore, the fabric showed efficient durability after a laundry test, suggesting the usefulness of these smart textiles based on conjugated polymer nanoparticles for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabin Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Energy Converting Soft Materials, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Jeong Seon Sang
- Industry Academic-Cooperation Foundation, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Pil J Yoo
- School of Chemical Engineering and SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST Central Research Facilities and School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea.
| | - Kyung Wha Oh
- Department of Fashion Design, College of Art, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Juhyun Park
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Energy Converting Soft Materials, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
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115
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Tong J, An L, Lv J, Guo P, Wang X, Yang C, Xia Y. Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance in D-π-A Copolymers Containing Triisopropylsilylethynyl-Substituted Dithienobenzodithiophene by Modulating the Electron-Deficient Units. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 11:E12. [PMID: 30959996 PMCID: PMC6401703 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three alternated D-π-A type 5,10-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (DTBDT-TIPS)-based semiconducting conjugated copolymers (CPs), PDTBDT-TIPS-DTBT-OD, PDTBDT-TIPS-DTFBT-OD, and PDTBDT-TIPS-DTNT-OD, bearing different A units, including benzothiadiazole (BT), 5,6-difluorinated-BT (FBT) and naphtho[1,2-c:5,6-c']-bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole (NT), were designed and synthesized to investigate the impact of the variation in electron-deficient units on the properties of these photovoltaic polymers. It was exhibited that the down-shifted highest occupied molecular orbital energy level (EHOMO), the enhanced aggregation in both the chlorobenzene solution and the solid film, as well as the better molecular planarity, were achieved using methods involving fluorination and the replacement of BT with NT on the polymer backbone. The absorption profile was little changed upon fluorination; however, it was greatly broadened during replacement of BT with NT. Consequently, the optimized photovoltaic device based on the PDTBDT-TIPS-DTNT-OD exhibited synchronous enhancements in the open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.88 V, the short-circuit current density (JSC) of 7.21 mA cm-2, and the fill factor (FF) of 52.99%, resulting in a drastic elevation in the PCE by 129% to 3.37% compared to that of the PDTBDT-TIPS-DTBT-OD. This was triggered by PDTBDT-TIPS-DTNT-OD's broadened absorption, deepened EHOMO, improved coplanarity, and enhanced SCLC mobility (which increased 3.9 times), as well as a favorable morphology of the active layer. Unfortunately, the corresponding PCE deteriorated after incorporating fluorine into the BT, due to the oversized aggregation and large phase separation morphology in the blend films, severely impairing its JSC. Our preliminary results demonstrated that the replacement of BT with NT in a D-π-A type polymer backbone was an effective strategy of tuning the molecular structure to achieve highly efficient polymer solar cells (PSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Tong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Lili An
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China.
| | - Jie Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Pengzhi Guo
- National Green Coating Technology and Equipment Research Center, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Xunchang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Chunyan Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Yangjun Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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116
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Overcoming efficiency and stability limits in water-processing nanoparticular organic photovoltaics by minimizing microstructure defects. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5335. [PMID: 30559396 PMCID: PMC6297219 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07807-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a strong market driven need for processing organic photovoltaics from eco-friendly solvents. Water-dispersed organic semiconducting nanoparticles (NPs) satisfy these premises convincingly. However, the necessity of surfactants, which are inevitable for stabilizing NPs, is a major obstacle towards realizing competitive power conversion efficiencies for water-processed devices. Here, we report on a concept for minimizing the adverse impact of surfactants on solar cell performance. A poloxamer facilitates the purification of organic semiconducting NPs through stripping excess surfactants from aqueous dispersion. The use of surfactant-stripped NPs based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) / non-fullerene acceptor leads to a device efficiency and stability comparable to the one from devices processed by halogenated solvents. A record efficiency of 7.5% is achieved for NP devices based on a low-band gap polymer system. This elegant approach opens an avenue that future organic photovoltaics processing may be indeed based on non-toxic water-based nanoparticle inks. Water-based semiconducting polymer nanoparticles are eco-friendly and non-toxic but their performance suffers from the surfactants. Here Xie et al. design an approach to minimize the amount of residual surfactant in these nanoparticles and make high-efficiency and stability solar cells.
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117
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Randell NM, Kelly TL. Recent Advances in Isoindigo-Inspired Organic Semiconductors. CHEM REC 2018; 19:973-988. [PMID: 30375156 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, isoindigo has become a widely used electron-deficient subunit in donor-acceptor organic semiconductors, and these isoindigo-based materials have been widely used in both organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices and organic field effect transistors (OFETs). Shortly after the development of isoindigo-based semiconductors, researchers began to modify the isoindigo structure in order to change the optoelectronic properties of the resulting materials. This led to the development of many new isoindigo-inspired compounds; since 2012, the Kelly Research Group has synthesized a number of these isoindigo analogues and produced a variety of new donor-acceptor semiconductors. In this Personal Account, recent progress in the field is reviewed. We describe how the field has evolved from relatively simple donor-acceptor small molecules to structurally complex, highly planarized polymer systems. The relevance of these materials in OPV and OFET applications is highlighted, with particular emphasis on structure-property relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Randell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Timothy L Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5C9, Canada
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118
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Thienoisoindigo-Based Semiconductor Nanowires Assembled with 2-Bromobenzaldehyde via Both Halogen and Chalcogen Bonding. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14448. [PMID: 30262857 PMCID: PMC6160462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32486-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We fabricated nanowires of a conjugated oligomer and applied them to organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). The supramolecular assemblies of a thienoisoindigo-based small molecular organic semiconductor (TIIG-Bz) were prepared by co-precipitation with 2-bromobenzaldehyde (2-BBA) via a combination of halogen bonding (XB) between the bromide in 2-BBA and electron-donor groups in TIIG-Bz, and chalcogen bonding (CB) between the aldehyde in 2-BBA and sulfur in TIIG-Bz. It was found that 2-BBA could be incorporated into the conjugated planes of TIIG-Bz via XB and CB pairs, thereby increasing the π − π stacking area between the conjugated planes. As a result, the driving force for one-dimensional growth of the supramolecular assemblies via π − π stacking was significantly enhanced. TIIG-Bz/2-BBA nanowires were used to fabricate OFETs, showing significantly enhanced charge transfer mobility compared to OFETs based on pure TIIG-Bz thin films and nanowires, which demonstrates the benefit of nanowire fabrication using 2-BBA.
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119
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Vardeny SR, Baniya S, Cromey B, Kieu K, Peyghambarian N, Vardeny ZV. Multiphoton Microscopy of π-Conjugated Copolymers and Copolymer/Fullerene Blends for Organic Photovoltaic Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:31813-31823. [PMID: 30192500 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells based on π-conjugated copolymer/fullerene blends are devices with the highest power conversion efficiencies within the class of organic semiconductors. Although a number of image microscopies have been applied to films of π-conjugated copolymers and their fullerene blends, seldom have they been able to detect microscopic defects in the blend films. We have applied multiphoton microscopy (MPM) using a 65 fs laser at 1.56 μm for spectroscopy and mapping of films of various π-conjugated copolymers and their fullerene blends. All pristine copolymer films have shown third harmonic generation (THG) and two-photon or three-photon photoluminescence that could be used for mapping the films with micrometer spatial resolution. Since the fullerenes have much weaker THG efficiency than those of the copolymers, we could readily map the copolymer/fullerene blend films that showed interpenetrating micron-sized grains of the two constituents. In addition, we also found second harmonic generation from various micron-sized defects in the films that are formed during film deposition or light illumination at ambient conditions, which do not possess inversion symmetry. The MPM method is therefore beneficial for organic films and devices for investigating the properties and growth of copolymer/fullerene blends for OPV applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai R Vardeny
- College of Optical Sciences , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Sangita Baniya
- Department of Physics & Astronomy , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | - Benjamin Cromey
- College of Optical Sciences , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Khanh Kieu
- College of Optical Sciences , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Nasser Peyghambarian
- College of Optical Sciences , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Z Valy Vardeny
- Department of Physics & Astronomy , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
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120
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Kosaka K, Nanjyo K, Ohta Y, Yokozawa T. Importance of the Balance of Interaction between Palladium Catalyst and Aromatic π-Face for Unstoichiometric Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling Polymerization: Effective Pd cataCXium A Catalyst for Fluorene and Cyclopentadithiophene Monomers. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.180398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kosaka
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - Kotetsu Nanjyo
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohta
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Yokozawa
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
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121
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Effect of the incorporation of an Ag nanoparticle interlayer on the photovoltaic performance of green bulk heterojunction water-soluble polythiophene solar cells. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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122
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Stasyuk AJ, Stasyuk OA, Filippone S, Martin N, Solà M, Voityuk AA. Stereocontrolled Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Metal-Fullerene Hybrids. Chemistry 2018; 24:13020-13025. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton J. Stasyuk
- The Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry; University of Girona; C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spain
| | - Olga A. Stasyuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Salvatore Filippone
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Ciudad Universitaria s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Nazario Martin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Ciudad Universitaria s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- The Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry; University of Girona; C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spain
| | - Alexander A. Voityuk
- The Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry; University of Girona; C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats; 08010 Barcelona Spain
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123
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Kulkarni C, Meskers SCJ, Palmans ARA, Meijer EW. Amplifying Chiroptical Properties of Conjugated Polymer Thin-Film Using an Achiral Additive. Macromolecules 2018; 51:5883-5890. [PMID: 30135611 PMCID: PMC6096448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chiral conjugated polymers bearing enantiopure side chains offer the possibility to harness the effect of chirality in organic electronic devices. However, its use is hampered by the low degree of circular polarization in absorption (gabs) in most of the conjugated polymer thin-films studied. Here we demonstrate a versatile method to significantly increase the gabs by using a few weight percentages of a commercially available achiral long-chain alcohol as an additive. This additive enhances the chiroptical properties in both absorption and emission by ca. 5-10 times in the thin-films. We envisage that the alcohol additive acts as a plasticizer which enhances the long-range chiral liquid crystalline ordering of the polymer chains, thereby amplifying the chiroptical properties in the thin-film. The application of this methodology to various conjugated polymers has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidambar Kulkarni
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan C J Meskers
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Anja R A Palmans
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - E W Meijer
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
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124
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Mori H, Nishinaga S, Takahashi R, Nishihara Y. Alkoxy-Substituted Anthra[1,2-c:5,6-c′]bis([1,2,5]thiadiazole) (ATz): A New Electron-Acceptor Unit in the Semiconducting Polymers for Organic Electronics. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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125
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Mai J, Xiao Y, Zhou G, Wang J, Zhu J, Zhao N, Zhan X, Lu X. Hidden Structure Ordering Along Backbone of Fused-Ring Electron Acceptors Enhanced by Ternary Bulk Heterojunction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1802888. [PMID: 29978515 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fused-ring electron acceptors (FREAs), as a family of non-fullerene (NF) acceptors, have achieved tremendous success in pushing the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells. Here, the detailed molecular packing motifs of two extensively studied FREAs-ITIC and ITIC-Th are reported. It is revealed for the first time the long-range structure ordering along the backbone direction originated from favored end group π-π stacking. The backbone ordering could be significantly enhanced in the ternary film by the mutual mixing of ITIC and ITIC-Th, which gives rise to an improved in-plane electron mobility and better ternary device performance. The backbone ordering might be a common morphological feature of FREAs, providing explanations to previously observed small open circuit voltage loss and superior performance of FREA-based devices and guiding the future molecular design of high-performance NF acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangquan Mai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Yiqun Xiao
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Guodong Zhou
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jingshuai Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ni Zhao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong
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126
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Jeong J, Kim H, Yoon YJ, Walker B, Song S, Heo J, Park SY, Kim JW, Kim GH, Kim JY. Formamidinium-based planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells with alkali carbonate-doped zinc oxide layer. RSC Adv 2018; 8:24110-24115. [PMID: 35539189 PMCID: PMC9082035 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02637h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein demonstrate n-i-p-type planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells employing spin-coated ZnO nanoparticles modified with various alkali metal carbonates including Li2CO3, Na2CO3, K2CO3 and Cs2CO3, which can tune the energy band structure of ZnO ETLs. Since these metal carbonates doped on ZnO ETLs lead to deeper conduction bands in the ZnO ETLs, electrons are easily transported from the perovskite active layer to the cathode electrode. The power conversion efficiency of about 27% is improved due to the incorporation of alkali carbonates in ETLs. As alternatives to TiO2 and n-type metal oxides, electron transport materials consisting of doped ZnO nanoparticles are viable ETLs for efficient n-i-p planar heterojunction solar cells, and they can be used on flexible substrates via roll-to-roll processing. Planar formamidinium perovskite solar cells have been fabricated with an alkali carbonate-doped zinc oxide layer.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeki Jeong
- Perovtronics Research Center, Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Haeyeon Kim
- Perovtronics Research Center, Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Yung Jin Yoon
- Perovtronics Research Center, Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Bright Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeong Song
- Perovtronics Research Center, Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Jungwoo Heo
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Song Yi Park
- Perovtronics Research Center, Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Jae Won Kim
- Perovtronics Research Center, Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Gi-Hwan Kim
- Perovtronics Research Center, Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Perovtronics Research Center, Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 South Korea
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127
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Aqoma H, Park S, Park H, Hadmojo WT, Oh S, Nho S, Kim DH, Seo J, Park S, Ryu DY, Cho S, Jang S. 11% Organic Photovoltaic Devices Based on PTB7-Th: PC 71BM Photoactive Layers and Irradiation-Assisted ZnO Electron Transport Layers. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700858. [PMID: 30027029 PMCID: PMC6051392 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The enhancement of interfacial charge collection efficiency using buffer layers is a cost-effective way to improve the performance of organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs) because they are often universally applicable regardless of the active materials. However, the availability of high-performance buffer materials, which are solution-processable at low temperature, are limited and they often require burdensome additional surface modifications. Herein, high-performance ZnO based electron transporting layers (ETLs) for OPVs are developed with a novel g-ray-assisted solution process. Through careful formulation of the ZnO precursor and g-ray irradiation, the pre-formation of ZnO nanoparticles occurs in the precursor solutions, which enables the preparation of high quality ZnO films. The g-ray assisted ZnO (ZnO-G) films possess a remarkably low defect density compared to the conventionally prepared ZnO films. The low-defect ZnO-G films can improve charge extraction efficiency of ETL without any additional treatment. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the device using the ZnO-G ETLs is 11.09% with an open-circuit voltage (VOC), short-circuit current density ( JSC), and fill factor (FF) of 0.80 V, 19.54 mA cm-2, and 0.71, respectively, which is one of the best values among widely studied poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-(4-(2-ethylhexyl)-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-)-2-carboxylate-2-6-diyl)]: [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PTB7-Th:PC71BM)-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havid Aqoma
- Department of ChemistryKookmin UniversitySeoul02707Republic of Korea
| | - Sujung Park
- Department of Physics and EHSRCUniversity of UlsanUlsan44610Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Korea
| | - Hye‐Yun Park
- Department of ChemistryKookmin UniversitySeoul02707Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seung‐Hwan Oh
- Radiation Research Division for Industry and EnvironmentKorea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI)Jeollabuk‐do56212Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Nho
- Department of Physics and EHSRCUniversity of UlsanUlsan44610Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hui Kim
- Department of Physics and EHSRCUniversity of UlsanUlsan44610Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Seo
- Department of Physics and EHSRCUniversity of UlsanUlsan44610Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Korea
| | - Du Yeol Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Korea
| | - Shinuk Cho
- Department of Physics and EHSRCUniversity of UlsanUlsan44610Republic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Yeon Jang
- Department of ChemistryKookmin UniversitySeoul02707Republic of Korea
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128
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Conjugated polymer nano-ellipsoids assembled with octanoic acid and their polyurethane nanocomposites with simultaneous thermal storage and antibacterial activity. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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129
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Dayneko SV, Payne AJ, Welch GC. Inverted P3HT:PC61BM organic solar cells incorporating a π-extended squaraine dye with H- and (or) J-aggregation. CAN J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we investigated the impact of adding a large π-extended squaraine dye to the classic bulk heterojunction P3HT:PC61BM system. The compound, SQIQ-A, is a bis-indole squaraine dye appended with acetylene-indoloquinoxaline end-capping units that exhibits strong optical absorption in thin film from 650 to 750 nm, beyond the absorption wavelength cut-off for P3HT:PC61BM films (ca. ∼650 nm). The dye SQIQ-A can form H- or J-aggregates (blue or red shifting the optical absorption profiles) via solvent vapour annealing with CHCl3 or THF, respectively, thus providing a simple method to control the morphology and optical properties of the molecule. Ternary blended films composed of P3HT:PC61BM:SQIQ-A (1:1:0.3 mass ratio) were investigated as-cast, after solvent vapour annealing, and after thermal annealing. Films were characterized using optical absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and polarized light microscopy. Solar cells were fabricated using an inverted architecture in air and analysed using current–voltage and external quantum efficiency measurements. It was found that solar cells thermally annealed at 130 °C for 10 min gave good power conversion efficiencies of 3%, similar to the control P3HT:PC61BM but with improved fill factors and noticeable photocurrent generation from 650 to 760 nm where the SQIQ-A molecule absorbs. Exposure to solvent vapour (CHCl3 or THF) results in aggregation of all components but specifically leads to the formation of micron-sized domains, lowering the overall photovoltaic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Dayneko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Abby-Jo Payne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Gregory C. Welch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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130
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Synthesis and Characterization of Cyclopentadithiophene and Thienothiophene-Based Polymers for Organic Thin-Film Transistors and Solar Cells. Macromol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-018-6130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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131
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Chen P, Shi S, Wang H, Qiu F, Wang Y, Tang Y, Feng JR, Guo H, Cheng X, Guo X. Aggregation Strength Tuning in Difluorobenzoxadiazole-Based Polymeric Semiconductors for High-Performance Thick-Film Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:21481-21491. [PMID: 29862815 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High-performance polymer solar cells (PSCs) with thick active layers are essential for large-scale production. Polymer semiconductors exhibiting a temperature-dependent aggregation property offer great advantages toward this purpose. In this study, three difluorobenzoxadiazole (ffBX)-based donor polymers, PffBX-T, PffBX-TT, and PffBX-DTT, were synthesized, which contain thiophene (T), thieno[3,2- b]thiophene (TT), and dithieno[3,2- b:2',3'- d]thiophene (DTT) as the π-spacers, respectively. Temperature-dependent absorption spectra reveal that the aggregation strength increases in the order of PffBX-T, PffBX-TT, and PffBX-DTT as the π-spacer becomes larger. PffBX-TT with the intermediate aggregation strength enables well-controlled disorder-order transition in the casting process of blend film, thus leading to the best film morphology and the highest performance in PSCs. Thick-film PSCs with an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.91% and the maximum value of 9.10% are achieved using PffBX-TT:PC71BM active layer with a thickness of 250 nm. The neat film of PffBX-TT also shows a high hole mobility of 1.09 cm2 V-1 s-1 in organic thin-film transistors. When PffBX-DTT and PffBX-T are incorporated into PSCs utilizing PC71BM acceptor, the average PCE decreases to 6.54 and 1.33%, respectively. The performance drop mainly comes from reduced short-circuit current, as a result of nonoptimal blend film morphology caused by a less well-controlled film formation process. A similar trend was also observed in nonfullerene type thick-film PSCs using IT-4F as the electron acceptor. These results show the significance of polymer aggregation strength tuning toward optimal bulk heterojunction film morphology using ffBX-based polymer model system. The study demonstrates that adjusting π-spacer is an effective method, in combination with other important approaches such as alkyl chain optimization, to generate high-performance thick-film PSCs which are critical for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics , Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) , No. 1088, Xueyuan Road , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China
| | - Shengbin Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics , Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) , No. 1088, Xueyuan Road , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China
| | - Hang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics , Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) , No. 1088, Xueyuan Road , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China
| | - Fanglong Qiu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics , Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) , No. 1088, Xueyuan Road , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics , Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) , No. 1088, Xueyuan Road , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China
| | - Yumin Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics , Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) , No. 1088, Xueyuan Road , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China
| | - Jian-Rui Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics , Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) , No. 1088, Xueyuan Road , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China
| | - Han Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics , Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) , No. 1088, Xueyuan Road , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China
| | - Xing Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics , Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) , No. 1088, Xueyuan Road , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics , Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) , No. 1088, Xueyuan Road , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China
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132
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36% Enhanced Efficiency of Ternary Organic Solar Cells by Doping a NT-Based Polymer as an Electron-Cascade Donor. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10070703. [PMID: 30960628 PMCID: PMC6403668 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, ternary organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) have been dedicated to improving power conversion efficiency (PCE) by broadening optical absorption spectra. Ternary OPVs with different poly[thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2,5-diyl-alt-4,9-bis(4-(2-decyltetradecyl)thien-2-yl)naphtho[1,2-c:5,6-c']bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole-5,5'-diyl] (PTT-DTNT-DT) doping concentrations were designed and the effect of PTT-DTNT-DT as a complementary electron donor on the performance of OPVs was investigated. The optimized PCE of OPVs was increased from 3.42% to 4.66% by doping 20 wt % PTT-DTNT-DT. The remarkable improvement in the performance of the ternary device is mainly attributed to the sharp increase in the short-circuit current density and fill-factor. The major reasons have been systematically studied from atomic force microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, surface energy, space charge limited current and photocurrent behavior. It has been found that the separation of excitons and the transportation of charge are enhanced while light absorption is increased, and the charge recombination also decreases due to the optimization of the cascade energy level and the morphology of the ternary active layer. The results show that it is feasible to improve the performance of ternary OPVs by their complementary absorption.
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133
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Lee H, Park C, Sin DH, Park JH, Cho K. Recent Advances in Morphology Optimization for Organic Photovoltaics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1800453. [PMID: 29921007 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics are an important part of a next-generation energy-harvesting technology that uses a practically infinite pollutant-free energy source. They have the advantages of light weight, solution processability, cheap materials, low production cost, and deformability. However, to date, the moderate photovoltaic efficiencies and poor stabilities of organic photovoltaics impede their use as replacements for inorganic photovoltaics. Recent developments in bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaics mean that they have almost reached the lower efficiency limit for feasible commercialization. In this review article, the recent understanding of the ideal bulk-heterojunction morphology of the photoactive layer for efficient exciton dissociation and charge transport is described, and recent attempts as well as early-stage trials to realize this ideal morphology are discussed systematically from a morphological viewpoint. The various approaches to optimizing morphologies consisting of an interpenetrating bicontinuous network with appropriate domain sizes and mixed regions are categorized, and in each category, the recent trends in the morphology control on the multilength scale are highlighted and discussed in detail. This review article concludes by identifying the remaining challenges for the control of active layer morphologies and by providing perspectives toward real application and commercialization of organic photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Chaneui Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Dong Hun Sin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Park
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Creative and Fundamental Research Division, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon, 51543, South Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
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134
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Zheng H, Zhao Y, Song MX, Wang J, Chen LQ, Sun L, Bai FQ. Influences of donor/acceptor ratio on the optical and electrical properties of the D/A alternating model oligomers: A density functional theory study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 199:260-270. [PMID: 29626817 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We adopted an ingenious method that cut out the DA alternating oligomers from the corresponding DA alternating copolymers. From analyzing the orbital compositions of the HOMOs and LUMOs as well as the reorganization energies, we found the level of charge transfer is increased with the increasing of D/A ratio, but ionization potentials and electron affinities show a contrary trend. Moreover, with the greater ratio, the trend in the nearness of two transitions results in broadening the absorption band in the visible range. That is why experimentally improving the ratio is beneficial for the copolymers used as the p-type materials in the BHJ solar cells. This method is impossible to take the real copolymer system, however, it could provide a strategy to avoid the limitation of the theory level and perform reliable result to study the intrinsic properties of DA alternating copolymers, which can provide a guidance to experimental works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- Network and Information Center, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Network and Information Center, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Ming-Xing Song
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Qiao Chen
- Innovation & Application Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Sun
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Fu-Quan Bai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China.
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135
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McDowell C, Abdelsamie M, Toney MF, Bazan GC. Solvent Additives: Key Morphology-Directing Agents for Solution-Processed Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1707114. [PMID: 29900605 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201707114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPV) have the advantage of possible fabrication by energy-efficient and cost-effective deposition methods, such as solution processing. Solvent additives can provide fine control of the active layer morphology of OPVs by influencing film formation during solution processing. As such, solvent additives form a versatile method of experimental control for improving organic solar cell device performance. This review provides a brief history of solution-processed bulk heterojunction OPVs and the advent of solvent additives, putting them into context with other methods available for morphology control. It presents the current understanding of how solvent additives impact various mechanisms of phase separation, enabled by recent advances in in situ morphology characterization. Indeed, understanding solvent additives' effects on film formation has allowed them to be applied and combined effectively and synergistically to boost OPV performance. Their success as a morphology control strategy has also prompted the use of solvent additives in related organic semiconductor technologies. Finally, the role of solvent additives in the development of next-generation OPV active layers is discussed. Despite concerns over their environmental toxicity and role in device instability, solvent additives remain relevant morphological directing agents as research interests evolve toward nonfullerene acceptors, ternary blends, and environmentally sustainable solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin McDowell
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Maged Abdelsamie
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Building 137, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Michael F Toney
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Building 137, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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136
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Chen J, Liu Q, Li H, Zhao Z, Lu Z, Huang Y, Xu D. Density Functional Theory Investigations of D-A-D' Structural Molecules as Donor Materials in Organic Solar Cell. Front Chem 2018; 6:200. [PMID: 29915784 PMCID: PMC5994543 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Squaraine core based small molecules in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells have received extensive attentions due to their distinguished photochemical properties in far red and infrared domain. In this paper, combining theoretical simulations and experimental syntheses and characterizations, three major factors (fill factor, short circuit and open-cirvuit voltage) have been carried out together to achieve improvement of power conversion efficiencies of solar cells. As model material systems with D-A-D' framework, two asymmetric squaraines (CNSQ and CCSQ-Tol) as donor materials in bulk heterojunction organic solar cell were synthesized and characterized. Intensive density functional theory computations were applied to identify some direct connections between three factors and corresponding molecular structural properties. It then helps us to predict one new molecule of CCSQ'-Ox that matches all the requirements to improve the power conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxian Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,College of Chemistry and Environment Protection Engineering, SouthWest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingyu Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Environment Protection Engineering, SouthWest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyun Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dingguo Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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137
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Nirmalraj P, Dos Santos MC, Salazar Rios JM, Davila D, Vargas F, Scherf U, Loi MA. Polymer-Nanocarbon Topological and Electronic Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:6225-6230. [PMID: 29733657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The electronic structure of semiconducting carbon nanotubes selected through polymer functionalization is routinely verified by measuring the spectral van Hove singularity signature under ultraclean vacuum conditions. Interpreting the effect of unperturbed polymer adsorption on the nanotube energetic bands in solvent media is experimentally challenging owing to solvent molecular crowding around the hybrid complex. Here, a liquid-based scanning tunneling microscope and spectroscope operating in a noise-free laboratory is used to resolve the polymer-semiconducting carbon-nanotube-underlying graphene heterostructure in the presence of encompassing solvent molecules. The spectroscopic measurements highlight the role of polymer packing and graphene landscape on the electronic shifts induced in the nanotube energy bands. Together with molecular dynamics simulations, our experimental findings emphasize the necessity of recording physicochemical and electronic properties of liquid-phase solubilized hybrid materials in their native state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Nirmalraj
- IBM Research - Zurich , Säumerstrasse 4 , CH-8803 Rüschlikon , Switzerland
- Adolphe Merkle Institute , University of Fribourg , Chemin des Verdiers 4 , CH-1700 Fribourg , Switzerland
| | - Maria Cristina Dos Santos
- Photophysics and OptoElectronics, Zernike Institute of Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Groningen 9747 , The Netherlands
| | - Jorge Mario Salazar Rios
- Photophysics and OptoElectronics, Zernike Institute of Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Groningen 9747 , The Netherlands
| | - Diana Davila
- IBM Research - Zurich , Säumerstrasse 4 , CH-8803 Rüschlikon , Switzerland
| | - Fiorella Vargas
- IBM Research - Zurich , Säumerstrasse 4 , CH-8803 Rüschlikon , Switzerland
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Macromolecular Chemistry , Bergische Universität Wuppertal , Gauss-Str. 20 , D-42119 Wuppertal , Germany
| | - Maria Antonietta Loi
- Photophysics and OptoElectronics, Zernike Institute of Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Groningen 9747 , The Netherlands
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138
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Hendsbee AD, Li Y. Performance Comparisons of Polymer Semiconductors Synthesized by Direct (Hetero)Arylation Polymerization (DHAP) and Conventional Methods for Organic Thin Film Transistors and Organic Photovoltaics. Molecules 2018; 23:E1255. [PMID: 29794982 PMCID: PMC6100596 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
C-C bond forming reactions are central to the construction of π-conjugated polymers. Classical C-C bond forming reactions such as the Stille and Suzuki coupling reactions have been widely used in the past for this purpose. More recently, direct (hetero)arylation polymerization (DHAP) has earned a place in the spotlight with an increasing number of π-conjugated polymers being produced using this atom-economic and more sustainable chemistry. As semiconductors in organic electronics, the device performances of the polymers made by DHAP are of great interest and importance. This review compares the device performances of some representative π-conjugated polymers made using the DHAP method with those made using the conventional C-C bond forming reactions when they are used as semiconductors in organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) and organic photovoltaics (OPVs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur D Hendsbee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Yuning Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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139
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Chen J, Qiu F, Liao Q, Peng C, Liu F, Guo X. Side-Chain Optimization of Phthalimide−Bithiophene Copolymers for Efficient All-Polymer Solar Cells with Large Fill Factors. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and; The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics; South University of Science and Technology of China; No. 1088, Xueyuan Road Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| | - Fanglong Qiu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and; The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics; South University of Science and Technology of China; No. 1088, Xueyuan Road Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| | - Qiaogan Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and; The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics; South University of Science and Technology of China; No. 1088, Xueyuan Road Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| | - Changliang Peng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and; The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics; South University of Science and Technology of China; No. 1088, Xueyuan Road Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and; Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA); Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
- Materials Sciences Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Lab; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and; The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics; South University of Science and Technology of China; No. 1088, Xueyuan Road Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
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140
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Nagasawa S, Al-Naamani E, Saeki A. Computer-Aided Screening of Conjugated Polymers for Organic Solar Cell: Classification by Random Forest. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:2639-2646. [PMID: 29733216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the diverse chemical structures, organic photovoltaic (OPV) applications with a bulk heterojunction framework have greatly evolved over the last two decades, which has produced numerous organic semiconductors exhibiting improved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Despite the recent fast progress in materials informatics and data science, data-driven molecular design of OPV materials remains challenging. We report a screening of conjugated molecules for polymer-fullerene OPV applications by supervised learning methods (artificial neural network (ANN) and random forest (RF)). Approximately 1000 experimental parameters including PCE, molecular weight, and electronic properties are manually collected from the literature and subjected to machine learning with digitized chemical structures. Contrary to the low correlation coefficient in ANN, RF yields an acceptable accuracy, which is twice that of random classification. We demonstrate the application of RF screening for the design, synthesis, and characterization of a conjugated polymer, which facilitates a rapid development of optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Nagasawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka University , 2-1 Yamadaoka , Suita, Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
| | - Eman Al-Naamani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka University , 2-1 Yamadaoka , Suita, Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka University , 2-1 Yamadaoka , Suita, Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) , Japan Science and Technology Agency , 4-1-8 Honcho , Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012 , Japan
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141
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Li Z, Zhao S, Xu Z, Swelm W, Song D, Qiao B, Zhao J, Liu J, Yuan B, Xu X. Improving charge transport by the ultrathin QDs interlayer in polymer solar cells. RSC Adv 2018; 8:17914-17920. [PMID: 35542107 PMCID: PMC9080484 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02770f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs) have been incorporated into PTB7:PC71BM BHJ active layers to fabricate polymer solar cells (PSCs) and gather on the top surface of active layers to form an ultrathin interlayer. The PbS QDs ultrathin interlayer with an appropriate thickness increases the carrier transport capacity, exciton dissociation and reduces the carrier recombination, which leads to a higher short circuit current (J sc) and fill factor (FF). Finally, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) improves from 7.03% (control devices) to 7.87% with an ultrathin interlayer by doping 5% PbS QDs, while the current density (J sc) and fill factor (FF) enhances from 13.83 mA cm-2 to 14.81 mA cm-2 and from 68.70% to 70.85%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicha Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education Beijing 100044 China
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044 China
| | - Suling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education Beijing 100044 China
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044 China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education Beijing 100044 China
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044 China
| | - Wageh Swelm
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Physics and Engineering Mathematics Department, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University Menouf 32952 Egypt
| | - Dandan Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education Beijing 100044 China
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044 China
| | - Bo Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education Beijing 100044 China
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044 China
| | - Jiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education Beijing 100044 China
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044 China
| | - Jingli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education Beijing 100044 China
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044 China
| | - Binbin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education Beijing 100044 China
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044 China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education Beijing 100044 China
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044 China
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142
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Pan S, Zhu M, He L, Zhang H, Qiu F, Lin Z, Peng J. Transformation from Nanofibers to Nanoribbons in Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Solution by Adding Alkylthiols. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800048. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Science; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Mingjing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Science; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Luze He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Science; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Hongdong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Science; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Feng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Science; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Juan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Science; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
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143
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Li Y, Chen C, Burton J, Park K, Heflin JR, Tao C. Self-assembled PCBM bilayers on graphene and HOPG examined by AFM and STM. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:185703. [PMID: 29451137 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aab00a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work we report fabrication and characterization of phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) bilayer structures on graphene and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). Through careful control of the PCBM solution concentration (from 0.1 to 2 mg ml-1) and the deposition conditions, we demonstrate that PCBM molecules self-assemble into bilayer structures on graphene and HOPG substrates. Interestingly, the PCBM bilayers are formed with two distinct heights on HOPG, but only one unique representative height on graphene. At elevated annealing temperatures, edge diffusion allows neighboring vacancies to merge into a more ordered structure. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first experimental realization of PCBM bilayer structures on graphene. This work could provide valuable insight into fabrication of new hybrid, ordered structures for applications to organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Li
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America
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144
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Oxygen Contribution for Uniform Formation of Crystalline Zinc Oxide/Polyethylenimine Interfaces to Boost Charge Generation/Transport in Inverted Organic Solar Cells. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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145
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El Mahdy A, Halim SA, Taha H. DFT and TD-DFT calculations of metallotetraphenylporphyrin and metallotetraphenylporphyrin fullerene complexes as potential dye sensitizers for solar cells. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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146
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Haque SKM, Ardila-Rey JA, Umar Y, Rahman H, Mas'ud AA, Muhammad-Sukki F, Albarracín R. Polymeric Materials for Conversion of Electromagnetic Waves from the Sun to Electric Power. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10030307. [PMID: 30966342 PMCID: PMC6415068 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar photoelectric energy converted into electricity requires large surface areas with incident light and flexible materials to capture these light emissions. Currently, sunlight rays are converted to electrical energy using silicon polymeric material with efficiency up to 22%. The majority of the energy is lost during conversion due to an energy gap between sunlight photons and polymer energy transformation. This energy conversion also depends on the morphology of present polymeric materials. Therefore, it is very important to construct mechanisms of highest energy occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO)s and the lowest energy unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO)s to increase the efficiency of conversion. The organic and inorganic solar cells used as dyes can absorb more photons from sunlight and the energy gap will be less for better conversion of energy to electricity than the conventional solar cells. This paper provides an up-to-date review on the performance, characterization, and reliability of different composite polymeric materials for energy conversion. Specific attention has been given to organic solar cells because of their several advantages over others, such as their low-energy payback time, conversion efficiency and greenhouse emissions. Finally, this paper provides the recent progress on the application of both organic and inorganic solar cells for electric power generations together with several challenges that are currently faced.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Manirul Haque
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Jubail Industrial College, P.O. Box 10099, Jubail 31961, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Santiago de Chile 8940000, Chile.
| | - Yunusa Umar
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Jubail Industrial College, P.O. Box 10099, Jubail 31961, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Habibur Rahman
- Department of General Studies, Jubail Industrial College, P.O. Box 10099, Jubail 31961, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullahi Abubakar Mas'ud
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Jubail Industrial College, P.O. Box 10099, Jubail 319261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki
- School of Engineering, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7QB, Scotland, UK.
| | - Ricardo Albarracín
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica, Automática y Física Aplicada, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería y Diseño Industrial, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ronda de Valencia 3, 28012 Madrid, Spain.
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147
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Yan C, Wang T. A new view for nanoparticle assemblies: from crystalline to binary cooperative complementarity. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:1483-1509. [PMID: 28059420 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00696e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Studies on nanoparticle assemblies and their applications have been research frontiers in nanoscience in the past few decades and remarkable progress has been made in the synthetic strategies and techniques. Recently, the design and fabrication of the nanoparticle-based nanomaterials or nanodevices with integrated and enhanced properties compared to those of the individual components have gradually become the mainstream. However, a systematic solution to provide a big picture for future development and guide the investigation of different aspects of the study of nanoparticle assemblies remains a challenge. The binary cooperative complementary principle could be an answer. The binary cooperative complementary principle is a universal discipline and can describe the fundamental properties of matter from the subatomic particles to the universe. According to its definition, a variety of nanoparticle assemblies, which represent the cutting-edge work in the nanoparticle studies, are naturally binary cooperative complementary materials. Therefore, the introduction of the binary cooperative complementary principle in the studies of nanoparticle assemblies could provide a unique perspective for reviewing this field and help in the design and fabrication of novel functional nanoparticle assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tie Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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148
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Qarony W, Hossain MI, Jovanov V, Knipp D, Tsang YH. Maximizing the short circuit current of organic solar cells by partial decoupling of electrical and optical properties. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-018-0713-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The partial decoupling of electronic and optical properties of organic solar cells allows for realizing solar cells with increased short circuit current and energy conversion efficiency. The proposed device consists of an organic solar cell conformally prepared on the surface of an array of single and double textured pyramids. The device geometry allows for increasing the optical thickness of the organic solar cell, while the electrical thickness is equal to the nominal thickness of the solar cell. By increasing the optical thickness of the solar cell, the short circuit current is distinctly increased. The quantum efficiency and short circuit current are determined using finite-difference time-domain simulations of the 3D solar cell structure. The influence of different solar cell designs on the quantum efficiency and short circuit current is discussed and optimal device dimensions are proposed.
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149
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Wu CK, Sivashanmugan K, Guo TF, Wen TC. Enhancement of Inverted Polymer Solar Cells Performances Using Cetyltrimethylammonium-Bromide Modified ZnO. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11030378. [PMID: 29510537 PMCID: PMC5872957 DOI: 10.3390/ma11030378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the performance and stability of inverted bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs) is enhanced by doping zinc oxide (ZnO) with 0–6 wt % cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in the sol-gel ZnO precursor solution. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the optimized 3 wt % CTAB-doped ZnO PSCs was increased by 9.07%, compared to a PCE of 7.31% for the pristine ZnO device. The 0–6 wt % CTAB-doped ZnO surface roughness was reduced from 2.6 to 1 nm and the number of surface defects decreased. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy binding energies of Zn 2p3/2 (1021.92 eV) and 2p1/2 (1044.99 eV) shifted to 1022.83 and 1045.88 eV, respectively, which is related to strong chemical bonding via bromide ions (Br−) that occupy oxygen vacancies in the ZnO lattice, improving the PCE of PSCs. The concentration of CTAB in ZnO significantly affected the work function of PSC devices; however, excessive CTAB increased the work function of the ZnO layer, resulting from the aggregation of CTAB molecules. In addition, after a 120-hour stability test in the atmosphere with 40% relative humidity, the inverted device based on CTAB-doped ZnO retained 92% of its original PCE and that based on pristine ZnO retained 68% of its original PCE. The obtained results demonstrate that the addition of CTAB into ZnO can dramatically influence the optical, electrical, and morphological properties of ZnO, enhancing the performance and stability of BHJ PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Kai Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Kundan Sivashanmugan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Tzung-Fang Guo
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Ten-Chin Wen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
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150
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Xie C, Cheng P, Pu K. Synthesis of PEGylated Semiconducting Polymer Amphiphiles for Molecular Photoacoustic Imaging and Guided Therapy. Chemistry 2018; 24:12121-12130. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xie
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Penghui Cheng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637457 Singapore
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