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Wang WW, Han R, He HJ, Li J, Chen SY, Gu Y, Xie C. Administration of quercetin improves mitochondria quality control and protects the neurons in 6-OHDA-lesioned Parkinson's disease models. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:11738-11751. [PMID: 33878030 PMCID: PMC8109056 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired mitophagy lead to Parkinson’s disease (PD). Quercetin, one of the most abundant polyphenolic flavonoids, displays many health-promoting biological effects in many diseases. We explored the neuroprotective effect of quercetin in vivo in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rat model of PD and in vitro in 6-OHDA-treated PC12 cells. In vitro, we found that quercetin (20 μM) treatment improved mitochondrial quality control, reduced oxidative stress, increased the levels of the mitophagy markers PINK1 and Parkin and decreased α-synuclein protein expression in 6-OHDA-treated PC12 cells. Moreover, our in vivo findings demonstrated that administration of quercetin also relieved 6-OHDA-induced progressive PD-like motor behaviors, mitigated neuronal death and reduced mitochondrial damage and α-synuclein accumulation in PD rats. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effect of quercetin was suppressed by knockdown of either Pink1 or Parkin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Wang
- The Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Ruiyu Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Family Planning and Healthy, Hebei Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Hebei Research Institute for Family Planning Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050071, Hebei, China
| | - Hai-Jun He
- The Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Si-Yan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yingying Gu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Chenglong Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Ramires Júnior OV, Alves BDS, Barros PAB, Rodrigues JL, Ferreira SP, Monteiro LKS, Araújo GDMS, Fernandes SS, Vaz GR, Dora CL, Hort MA. Nanoemulsion Improves the Neuroprotective Effects of Curcumin in an Experimental Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:787-799. [PMID: 33860897 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00362-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor dysfunction. Recent studies have shown that curcumin (CUR) has neuroprotective effects in PD experimental models. However, its efficacy is limited due to low water solubility, bioavailability, and access to the central nervous system. In this study, we compared the effects of new curcumin-loaded nanoemulsions (NC) and free CUR in an experimental model of PD. Adult Swiss mice received NC or CUR (25 and 50 mg/kg) or vehicle orally for 30 days. Starting on the eighth day, they were administered rotenone (1 mg/kg) intraperitoneally until the 30th day. At the end of the treatment, motor assessment was evaluated by open field, pole test, and beam walking tests. Oxidative stress markers and mitochondrial complex I activity were measured in the brain tissue. Both NC and CUR treatment significantly improved motor impairment, reduced lipoperoxidation, modified antioxidant defenses, and prevented inhibition of complex I. However, NC was more effective in preventing motor impairment and inhibition of complex I when compared to CUR in the free form. In conclusion, our results suggest that NC effectively enhances the neuroprotective potential of CUR and is a promising nanomedical application for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osmar Vieira Ramires Júnior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Campus Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102, Centro, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Barbara da Silva Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Campus Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102, Centro, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Paula Alice Bezerra Barros
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Carreiros, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Jamile Lima Rodrigues
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Carreiros, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Shana Pires Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Campus Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102, Centro, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Linda Karolynne Seregni Monteiro
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Carreiros, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela de Moraes Soares Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Campus Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102, Centro, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Sara Silva Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Campus Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102, Centro, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Richter Vaz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Campus Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102, Centro, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiana Lima Dora
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Campus Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102, Centro, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Carreiros, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Appel Hort
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Campus Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102, Centro, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil. .,Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Carreiros, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
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Perrone F, Cacace R, van der Zee J, Van Broeckhoven C. Emerging genetic complexity and rare genetic variants in neurodegenerative brain diseases. Genome Med 2021; 13:59. [PMID: 33853652 PMCID: PMC8048219 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00878-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the molecular etiology of neurodegenerative brain diseases (NBD) has substantially increased over the past three decades. Early genetic studies of NBD families identified rare and highly penetrant deleterious mutations in causal genes that segregate with disease. Large genome-wide association studies uncovered common genetic variants that influenced disease risk. Major developments in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies accelerated gene discoveries at an unprecedented rate and revealed novel pathways underlying NBD pathogenesis. NGS technology exposed large numbers of rare genetic variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in coding regions, highlighting the genetic complexity of NBD. Since experimental studies of these coding rare VUS are largely lacking, the potential contributions of VUS to NBD etiology remain unknown. In this review, we summarize novel findings in NBD genetic etiology driven by NGS and the impact of rare VUS on NBD etiology. We consider different mechanisms by which rare VUS can act and influence NBD pathophysiology and discuss why a better understanding of rare VUS is instrumental for deriving novel insights into the molecular complexity and heterogeneity of NBD. New knowledge might open avenues for effective personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Perrone
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp – CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rita Cacace
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp – CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Julie van der Zee
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp – CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp – CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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Giossi R, Carrara F, Mazzari M, Lo Re F, Senatore M, Schicchi A, Corrù F, Fittipaldo VA, Pani A, Tramacere I, Elia AE, Scaglione F. Overall Efficacy and Safety of Safinamide in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and a Meta-analysis. Clin Drug Investig 2021; 41:321-339. [PMID: 33674954 PMCID: PMC8004480 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-021-01011-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Safinamide is a novel anti-parkinsonian drug with possible anti-dyskinetic properties. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex disease. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of safinamide administration compared to placebo in PD patients on multiple outcomes. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, LILACS, and trial databases were searched up to 23 December 2020 for randomized controlled studies (RCTs) comparing safinamide to placebo, alone or as add-on therapy in PD. Data were extracted from literature and regulatory agencies. Primary outcomes were ON-time without troublesome dyskinesia, OFF-time, and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) section III (UPDRS-III). Secondary outcomes included any dyskinesia rating scale (DRS), ON-time with troublesome dyskinesia, UPDRS-II, and Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire 39 (PDQ-39). In order to estimate mean difference (MD) and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI), generic inverse variance and Mantel-Haenszel methods were used for continuous and dichotomous variables, respectively. Analyses were performed grouping by PD with (PDwMF) or without (PDwoMF) motor fluctuations, safinamide dose, and concomitant dopaminergic treatment. Summary of findings with GRADE were performed. RESULTS Six studies with a total of 2792 participants were identified. In PDwMF patients, safinamide 100 mg as add-on to levodopa (L-dopa) significantly increased ON-time without troublesome dyskinesia (MD = 0.95 h; 95% CI from 0.41 to 1.49), reduced OFF-time (MD = - 1.06 h; 95% CI from - 1.60 to - 0.51), and improved UPDRS-III (MD = - 2.77; 95% CI from - 4.27 to - 1.28) with moderate quality of evidence. Similar results were observed for the 50 mg dose. However, the quality of evidence was moderate only for ON-time without troublesome dyskinesia, whereas for OFF-time and UPDRS-III was low. In PDwoMF patients taking a single dopamine agonist, safinamide 100 mg resulted in little to no clinically significant improvement in UPDRS-III (MD = - 1.84; 95% CI from - 3.19 to - 0.49), with moderate quality of evidence. Conversely, in PDwoMF patients, the 200 mg and 50 mg doses showed nonsignificant improvement in UPDRS-III, with very low and moderate quality of evidence, respectively. In PDwMF patients taking safinamide 100 mg or 50 mg, nonsignificant differences were observed for ON-time with troublesome dyskinesia and DRS, with high and low quality of evidence, respectively. In the same patients, UPDRS-II was significantly improved at the 100 mg and 50 mg dose, with high and moderate quality of evidence. In PDwoMF, UPDRS-II showed a little yet significant difference only at 100 mg, with low quality of evidence. PDQ-39 resulted significantly improved only with the 100 mg dose in PDwMF, with low quality of evidence. CONCLUSION Overall, safinamide is effective in PDwMF patients taking L-dopa both at 100 and 50 mg daily. Evidence for efficacy in early PD is limited. Further trials are needed to better evaluate the anti-dyskinetic properties of safinamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Giossi
- Department of Oncology and Onco-Hematology, Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan, 20129, Milan, Italy.
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
| | - Federica Carrara
- Department of Oncology and Onco-Hematology, Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Mazzari
- Department of Oncology and Onco-Hematology, Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Lo Re
- Department of Oncology and Onco-Hematology, Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan, 20129, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy
| | - Michele Senatore
- Department of Oncology and Onco-Hematology, Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan, 20129, Milan, Italy
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Azzurra Schicchi
- Pavia Poison Control Centre - National Toxicology Information Centre - Clinical and Experimental Lab, Toxicology Unit - Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Corrù
- Department of Oncology and Onco-Hematology, Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Arianna Pani
- Department of Oncology and Onco-Hematology, Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Tramacere
- Department of Research and Clinical Development, Scientific Directorate, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Emanuele Elia
- Parkinson and Movement Diseases Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Scaglione
- Department of Oncology and Onco-Hematology, Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan, 20129, Milan, Italy
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
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105
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Li M, Hu K, Lin D, Wang Z, Xu M, Huang J, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Yin L, You R, Li CH, Guan YQ. Synthesis of Double Interfering Biodegradable Nano-MgO Micelle Composites and Their Effect on Parkinson's Disease. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1216-1229. [PMID: 33560819 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although gene therapy targeting the α-synuclein gene (SNCA) has achieved outstanding results in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), the lack of a suitable gene delivery system and inadequate therapeutic effects remains a tremendous obstacle for RNAi therapy. Here, a degradable nano-MgO micelle composite (MgO(pDNA)-INS-Plu-mRNA-NGF) with double interference (mediated by RNAi and α-synuclein (α-syn)-targeted mRNA) was constructed. Binding mRNA treatment significantly increased the inhibitory effect compared to the reduction of α-syn expression by RNAi alone. Moreover, the cell experiments demonstrated that the viability of the PD cell model can be significantly improved by nano-MgO micelle composite treatment. More importantly, the composite has the ability to penetrate the blood brain barrier and deliver genes and mRNA to neurons through endocytosis mediated by the nerve growth factor and its receptors, thus significantly downregulating the expression of α-syn in the PD mice model without causing damage to other major organs. Overall, this work provides a novel insight into the design of biomaterials for gene therapy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Li
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Kaikai Hu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Danmin Lin
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Mingze Xu
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jinpeng Huang
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.,South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Zhan Chen
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Liang Yin
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Rong You
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Chu-Hua Li
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yan-Qing Guan
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.,South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou 511400, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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de Almeida da Anunciação AR, Favaron PO, de Morais-Pinto L, de Carvalho CMF, Dos Santos Martins D, Conei D, Del Sol M, Vásquez B, Miglino MA. Central nervous system development in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus L. 1758). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 304:1313-1328. [PMID: 33480146 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the embryonic and fetal development of the central nervous system in rabbits from the seventh day after conception until the end of the full-term fetal period. A total of 19 embryonic and fetal samples were carefully dissected and microscopically analyzed. Neural tube closure was observed between 7.5 and 8 days of gestation. Primordial encephalic vesicle differentiation and spinal canal delimitation were observed on the 12th day of gestation. Histologically, on the 15th day of gestation, the brain, cerebellum, and brain stem were delimited. On the 18th day of gestation, the cervical and lumbar intumescences of the spinal cord were visible. On the 28th day of gestation, four-cell layers could be distinguished in the cerebral cortex, while the cerebellar cortex was still differentiating. Overall, the morphological aspects of the embryonic and fetal developmental phases in rabbits were highly similar to those in humans. Thus, the present study provides relevant information highlighting rabbits as an excellent candidate animal model for preclinical research on human neurological diseases given the high adaptability of rabbits to bioterium conditions and the similarity of morphological events between rabbits and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phelipe Oliveira Favaron
- General Biology Department, Biological Science Center, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Luciano de Morais-Pinto
- Laboratory of Anatomical Design/LabDA, Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniel Conei
- Doctoral Program in Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Mariano Del Sol
- Doctoral Program in Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Bélgica Vásquez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Maria Angelica Miglino
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Animal Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sheng X, Yang S, Wen X, Zhang X, Ye Y, Zhao P, Zang L, Peng K, Du E, Li S. Neuroprotective effects of Shende'an tablet in the Parkinson's disease model. Chin Med 2021; 16:18. [PMID: 33549148 PMCID: PMC7866695 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00429-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shende'an tablet (SDA) is a newly capsuled Chinese herbal formula derived from the Chinese traditional medicine Zhengan Xifeng Decoction which is approved for the treatment of neurasthenia and insomnia in China. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of SDA against Parkinson's disease (PD) in vitro and in vivo. METHODS In the present work, the neuroprotective effects and mechanism of SDA were evaluated in the cellular PD model. Male C57BL/6J mice were subject to a partial MPTP lesion alongside treatment with SDA. Behavioural test and tyrosine-hydroxylase immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate nigrostriatal tract integrity. HPLC analysis and Western blotting were used to assess the effect of SDA on dopamine metabolism and the expression of HO-1, PGC-1α and Nrf2, respectively. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that SDA had neuroprotective effect in dopaminergic PC12 cells with 6-OHDA lesion. It had also displayed efficient dopaminergic neuronal protection and motor behavior alleviation properties in MPTP-induced PD mice. In the PC12 cells and MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease animal models, SDA was highly efficacious in α-synuclein clearance associated with the activation of PGC-1α/Nrf2 signal pathway. CONCLUSIONS SDA demonstrated potential as a future therapeutic modality in PD through protecting dopamine neurons and alleviating the motor symptoms, mediated by the activation of PGC-1α/Nrf2 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Sheng
- Nursing Department, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomin Wen
- The Centre of Preventive, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongfeng Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- The Centre of Preventive, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, Guangdong, China
| | - Limin Zang
- Zhengzhou Yihe Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450047, Henan, China
| | - Kang Peng
- The Centre of Preventive, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, Guangdong, China.
| | - Enming Du
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University, School of Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
| | - Sai Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, Guangdong, China.
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Struzyna LA, Watt ML. The Emerging Role of Neuronal Organoid Models in Drug Discovery: Potential Applications and Hurdles to Implementation. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 99:256-265. [PMID: 33547249 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The high failure rate of drugs in the clinical pipeline is likely in part the result of inadequate preclinical models, particularly those for neurologic disorders and neurodegenerative disease. Such preclinical animal models often suffer from fundamental species differences and rarely recapitulate all facets of neurologic conditions, whereas conventional two-dimensional (2D) in vitro models fail to capture the three-dimensional spatial organization and cell-to-cell interactions of brain tissue that are presumed to be critical to the function of the central nervous system. Recent studies have suggested that stem cell-derived neuronal organoids are more physiologically relevant than 2D neuronal cultures because of their cytoarchitecture, electrophysiological properties, human origin, and gene expression. Hence there is interest in incorporating such physiologically relevant models into compound screening and lead optimization efforts within drug discovery. However, despite their perceived relevance, compared with previously used preclinical models, little is known regarding their predictive value. In fact, some have been wary to broadly adopt organoid technology for drug discovery because of the low-throughput and tedious generation protocols, inherent variability, and lack of compatible moderate-to-high-throughput screening assays. Consequently, microfluidic platforms, specialized bioreactors, and automated assays have been and are being developed to address these deficits. This mini review provides an overview of the gaps to broader implementation of neuronal organoids in a drug discovery setting as well as emerging technologies that may better enable their utilization. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Neuronal organoid models offer the potential for a more physiological system in which to study neurological diseases, and efforts are being made to employ them not only in mechanistic studies but also in profiling/screening purposes within drug discovery. In addition to exploring the utility of neuronal organoid models within this context, efforts in the field aim to standardize such models for consistency and adaptation to screening platforms for throughput evaluation. This review covers potential impact of and hurdles to implementation.
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109
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Zhang CL, Han QW, Chen NH, Yuan YH. Research on developing drugs for Parkinson's disease. Brain Res Bull 2020; 168:100-109. [PMID: 33387636 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Current treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD) are mainly dopaminergic drugs. However, dopaminergic drugs are only symptomatic treatments and limited by several side effects. Recent studies into drug development focused on emerging new molecular mechanisms, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, nuclear receptor-related 1 (Nurr1), adenosine receptor A2, nicotine receptor, metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), and glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Also, immunotherapy and common pathological mechanisms shared with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and diabetes have attracted much attention. In this review, we summarized the development of preclinical and clinical studies of novel drugs and the improvement of dopaminergic drugs to provide a prospect for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica& Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qi-Wen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica& Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica& Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yu-He Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica& Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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Gregory KJ, Goudet C. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CXI. Pharmacology, Signaling, and Physiology of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 73:521-569. [PMID: 33361406 DOI: 10.1124/pr.119.019133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors respond to glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain, mediating a modulatory role that is critical for higher-order brain functions such as learning and memory. Since the first mGlu receptor was cloned in 1992, eight subtypes have been identified along with many isoforms and splice variants. The mGlu receptors are transmembrane-spanning proteins belonging to the class C G protein-coupled receptor family and represent attractive targets for a multitude of central nervous system disorders. Concerted drug discovery efforts over the past three decades have yielded a wealth of pharmacological tools including subtype-selective agents that competitively block or mimic the actions of glutamate or act allosterically via distinct sites to enhance or inhibit receptor activity. Herein, we review the physiologic and pathophysiological roles for individual mGlu receptor subtypes including the pleiotropic nature of intracellular signal transduction arising from each. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties of prototypical and commercially available orthosteric agonists and antagonists as well as allosteric modulators, including ligands that have entered clinical trials. Finally, we highlight emerging areas of research that hold promise to facilitate rational design of highly selective mGlu receptor-targeting therapeutics in the future. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The metabotropic glutamate receptors are attractive therapeutic targets for a range of psychiatric and neurological disorders. Over the past three decades, intense discovery efforts have yielded diverse pharmacological tools acting either competitively or allosterically, which have enabled dissection of fundamental biological process modulated by metabotropic glutamate receptors and established proof of concept for many therapeutic indications. We review metabotropic glutamate receptor molecular pharmacology and highlight emerging areas that are offering new avenues to selectively modulate neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.) and Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France (C.G.)
| | - Cyril Goudet
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.) and Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France (C.G.)
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111
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Staats R, Michaels TCT, Flagmeier P, Chia S, Horne RI, Habchi J, Linse S, Knowles TPJ, Dobson CM, Vendruscolo M. Screening of small molecules using the inhibition of oligomer formation in α-synuclein aggregation as a selection parameter. Commun Chem 2020; 3:191. [PMID: 36703335 PMCID: PMC9814678 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00412-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of α-synuclein is a central event in Parkinsons's disease and related synucleinopathies. Since pharmacologically targeting this process, however, has not yet resulted in approved disease-modifying treatments, there is an unmet need of developing novel methods of drug discovery. In this context, the use of chemical kinetics has recently enabled accurate quantifications of the microscopic steps leading to the proliferation of protein misfolded oligomers. As these species are highly neurotoxic, effective therapeutic strategies may be aimed at reducing their numbers. Here, we exploit this quantitative approach to develop a screening strategy that uses the reactive flux toward α-synuclein oligomers as a selection parameter. Using this approach, we evaluate the efficacy of a library of flavone derivatives, identifying apigenin as a compound that simultaneously delays and reduces the formation of α-synuclein oligomers. These results demonstrate a compound selection strategy based on the inhibition of the formation of α-synuclein oligomers, which may be key in identifying small molecules in drug discovery pipelines for diseases associated with α-synuclein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxine Staats
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Thomas C. T. Michaels
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XPaulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Patrick Flagmeier
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Sean Chia
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Robert I. Horne
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Johnny Habchi
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Sara Linse
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Chemistry, Division for Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tuomas P. J. Knowles
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Christopher M. Dobson
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
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112
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The application of isatin-based multicomponent-reactions in the quest for new bioactive and druglike molecules. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 211:113102. [PMID: 33421712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxindole derivatives are known for their great interest in the field of Medicinal Chemistry, as they display vast biological activities. Recent efforts concerning the preparation of oxindole derivatives using isatin-based multicomponent reactions (MCRs) constitute a great advance in generating druglike libraries fast and with wide scaffold diversity. In this review, we address those recent developments, exploring the synthetic pathways and biological activities described for these compounds, namely antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and central nervous system (CNS) pathologies. To add new depth to this work, we used a well-established web-based free tool (SwissADME) to evaluate the most promising scaffolds in what concerns their druglike properties, namely by evaluating their compliance with some of the most valuable rules applied by medicinal chemists in both academia and industrial settings (Lipinski, Ghose, Veber, Egan, Muegge). The aim of this review is to endorse isatin-based MCRs as a valuable synthetic approach to attain new hit compounds bearing the oxindole privileged structure, while critically exploring these scaffolds' druglike properties.
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113
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Minakaki G, Krainc D, Burbulla LF. The Convergence of Alpha-Synuclein, Mitochondrial, and Lysosomal Pathways in Vulnerability of Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons in Parkinson's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:580634. [PMID: 33381501 PMCID: PMC7767856 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.580634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, characterized by progressive bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, and gait impairment, as well as a spectrum of non-motor symptoms including autonomic and cognitive dysfunction. The cardinal motor symptoms of PD stem from the loss of substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons, and it remains unclear why SN DAergic neurons are preferentially lost in PD. However, recent identification of several genetic PD forms suggests that mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunctions play important roles in the degeneration of midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons. In this review, we discuss the interplay of cell-autonomous mechanisms linked to DAergic neuron vulnerability and alpha-synuclein homeostasis. Emerging studies highlight a deleterious feedback cycle, with oxidative stress, altered DA metabolism, dysfunctional lysosomes, and pathological alpha-synuclein species representing key events in the pathogenesis of PD. We also discuss the interactions of alpha-synuclein with toxic DA metabolites, as well as the biochemical links between intracellular iron, calcium, and alpha-synuclein accumulation. We suggest that targeting multiple pathways, rather than individual processes, will be important for developing disease-modifying therapies. In this context, we focus on current translational efforts specifically targeting lysosomal function, as well as oxidative stress via calcium and iron modulation. These efforts could have therapeutic benefits for the broader population of sporadic PD and related synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Minakaki
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lena F Burbulla
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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114
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Chung CC, Chan L, Chen JH, Bamodu OA, Hong CT. Neurofilament light chain level in plasma extracellular vesicles and Parkinson's disease. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2020; 13:1756286420975917. [PMID: 33335563 PMCID: PMC7724268 DOI: 10.1177/1756286420975917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is essential for axonal maintenance and
reflects neuronal damage. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially exosomes,
secreted by cells into the blood, are emerging as novel biomedical research
platforms of physiological and pathological processes. The present study
investigated the possible association between plasma EV NfL and Parkinson’s
disease (PD). Methods: One hundred and sixteen patients with mild to moderate PD and 46 non-PD,
neurological controls were recruited, and their clinical motor symptoms and
cognitive function were evaluated. Plasma EVs were isolated using an exoEasy
kit, and immunomagnetic reduction assay was used to assess EV NfL level.
Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0, and
p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The isolated plasma EVs were validated according to size and the presence of
specific surface markers. Compared with the neurological control group, the
levels of plasma EV NfL in patients with PD were not significantly different
(PD: 9.42 ± 3.89, control: 9.53 ± 3.62 pg/mL plasma,
p = 0.71). On the other hand, plasma EV NfL in patients
with PD trendwise correlated with the severity of akinetic rigidity
(p = 0.05). PD patients with optimal EV NfL (lowest
quartile) had 6.66 ± 2.08 lower Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale-III
score after adjustment for age, sex, and disease duration. Conclusion: Plasma EV NfL levels did not distinguish patients with PD from the
neurological control group. The possible correlation between plasma EV NfL
with the severity of motor symptoms within the PD patients, especially with
akinetic rigidity, was noted. Further clinical validation of the blood EV
NfL by a longitudinal follow-up study of PD patients is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chih Chung
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City
| | - Lung Chan
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City
| | - Jia-Hung Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City
| | - Oluwaseun Adebayo Bamodu
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City Department of Medical Research & Education, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City
| | - Chien-Tai Hong
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No. 291, Zhongzheng Rd, Zhonghe District, New Taipei City 23561 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City
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Bu LL, Xie YY, Lin DY, Chen Y, Jing XN, Liang YR, Peng SD, Huang KX, Tao EX. LncRNA-T199678 Mitigates α-Synuclein-Induced Dopaminergic Neuron Injury via miR-101-3p. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:599246. [PMID: 33328976 PMCID: PMC7732511 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.599246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopaminergic neuron death and the abnormal accumulation and aggregation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) in the substantia nigra (SN). Although the abnormal accumulation of α-Syn can solely promote and accelerate the progress of PD, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Mounting evidence confirms that the abnormal expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays an important role in PD. Our previous study found that exogenous α-Syn induced the downregulation of lncRNA-T199678 in SH-SY5Y cells via a gene microarray analysis. This finding suggested that lncRNA-T199678 might have a potential pathological role in the pathogenesis of PD. This study aimed to explore the influence of lncRNA-T199678 on α-Syn-induced dopaminergic neuron injury. Overexpression of lncRNA-T199678 ameliorated the neuron injury induced by α-Syn via regulating oxidative stress, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Studies indicate lncRNAs could regulate posttranscriptional gene expression via regulating the downstream microRNA (miRNA). To discover the downstream molecular target of lncRNA-T199678, the following experiment found out that miR-101-3p was a potential target for lncRNA-T199678. Further study showed that the upregulation of lncRNA-T199678 reduced α-Syn-induced neuronal damage through miR-101-3p in SH-SY5Y cells and lncRNA-T199678 was responsible for the α-Syn-induced intracellular oxidative stress, dysfunction of the cell cycle, and apoptosis. All in all, lncRNA-T199678 mitigated the α-Syn-induced dopaminergic neuron injury via targeting miR-101-3p, which contributed to promote PD. Our results highlighted the role of lncRNA-T199678 in mitigating dopaminergic neuron injury in PD and revealed a new molecular target for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Bu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Yu Xie
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Yu Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Na Jing
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ran Liang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Su-Dan Peng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Xun Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - En-Xiang Tao
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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116
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Lim HS, Moon BC, Lee J, Choi G, Park G. The insect molting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone protects dopaminergic neurons against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 159:23-36. [PMID: 32745769 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), a steroidal prohormone, is secreted from the prothoracic glands. While 20E has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in Parkinson's disease (PD) models in vitro, its effects have not yet been examined in vivo. We sought to assess the behavioral and mechanistic effects of 20E on MPTP-induced toxicity in mice. To this end, we used behavioral tests, stereological analyses of dopaminergic neurons by tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry, and assessments of apoptotic mechanisms, focusing on Nrf2 signaling through Western blotting and ELISA assays. A 20E treatment protected against MPTP-induced motor incoordination, postural imbalance, and bradykinesia, and significantly reduced dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the striatum (ST). It also attenuated dopamine deficiency in the ST, modulated levels of antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione in the SNpc, increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and inhibited cytosolic cytochrome c release and caspase-9, -7, and -3 activity in the SNpc. These results indicated that 20E inhibited the apoptotic cascade. Furthermore, the attenuation of MPTP neurotoxicity was associated with inhibited cleaved-caspase signaling pathways, along with upregulated Nrf2 pathways in the SNpc, suggesting that 20E mitigates MPTP-induced neurotoxicity via mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by modulating anti-oxidative activities. Our results suggest that 20E can inhibit MPTP-induced behavioral and neurotoxic effects in mice. This lays the foundation for further research on 20E as a potential target for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sun Lim
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111 Geonjae-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Cheol Moon
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111 Geonjae-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111 Geonjae-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Goya Choi
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111 Geonjae-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunhyuk Park
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 111 Geonjae-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea.
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117
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Doller D, Bespalov A, Miller R, Pietraszek M, Kalinichev M. A case study of foliglurax, the first clinical mGluR4 PAM for symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease: translational gaps or a failing industry innovation model? Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:1323-1338. [PMID: 33074728 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1839047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Approximately 40% of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients that take mostly dopamine receptor agonists for motor fluctuations, experience the return of symptoms between regular doses. This is a phenomenon known as 'OFF periods.' Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4) are a promising non-dopaminergic mechanism with potential to address the unmet need of patients suffering from OFF periods. Foliglurax is the first mGluR4 PAM that has advanced into clinical testing in PD patients. AREAS COVERED We summarize the chemistry, pharmacokinetics, and preclinical pharmacology of foliglurax. Translational PET imaging studies, clinical efficacy data, and a competitive landscape analysis of available therapies are presented to the readers. In this Perspective article, foliglurax is used as a case study to illustrate the inherent R&D challenges that companies face when developing drugs. These challenges include the delivery of drugs acting through novel mechanisms, long-term scientific investment, and commercial success and shorter-term positive financial returns. EXPERT OPINION Failure to meet the primary and secondary endpoints in a Phase 2 study led Lundbeck to discontinue the development of foliglurax. Understanding the evidence supporting compound progression into Phase 2 will enable the proper assessment of the therapeutic potential of mGluR4 PAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anton Bespalov
- Partnership for Assessment and Accreditation of Scientific Practice , Heidelberg, Germany.,Valdman Institute of Pharmacology, Pavlov Medical University , St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Rob Miller
- Ventral Stream Consulting LLC ., IL, USA
| | - Malgorzata Pietraszek
- Partnership for Assessment and Accreditation of Scientific Practice , Heidelberg, Germany
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118
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Eisenstein A, Chitalia SV, Ravid K. Bone Marrow and Adipose Tissue Adenosine Receptors Effect on Osteogenesis and Adipogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7470. [PMID: 33050467 PMCID: PMC7589187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is an extracellular signaling molecule that is particularly relevant in times of cellular stress, inflammation and metabolic disturbances when the levels of the purine increase. Adenosine acts on two G-protein-coupled stimulatory and on two G-protein-coupled inhibitory receptors, which have varying expression profiles in different tissues and conditions, and have different affinities for the endogenous ligand. Studies point to significant roles of adenosine and its receptors in metabolic disease and bone health, implicating the receptors as potential therapeutic targets. This review will highlight our current understanding of the dichotomous effects of adenosine and its receptors on adipogenesis versus osteogenesis within the bone marrow to maintain bone health, as well as its relationship to obesity. Therapeutic implications will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Eisenstein
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Shlok V. Chitalia
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (S.V.C.); (K.R.)
| | - Katya Ravid
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (S.V.C.); (K.R.)
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119
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The PARK2 Mutation Associated with Parkinson's Disease Enhances the Vulnerability of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes to Paraquat. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4658109. [PMID: 33029508 PMCID: PMC7527951 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4658109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in middle-aged and elderly people. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of PD are still unclear and there is a lack of reliable biomarkers for early molecular diagnosis. Parkin (encoded by PARK2) is a ubiquitin E3 ligase that participates in mitochondrial homeostasis, the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, oxidative stress response, and cell death pathways, which are involved in the pathogenesis of PD. However, Parkin is also expressed in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). In this study, permanent lymphocyte lines were established from the peripheral blood of sporadic PD (sPD) patients, PARK2 mutation carriers, and healthy controls. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, and apoptosis were analyzed in the PBLs. There was no significant difference in ROS, mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, and apoptosis between the experimental groups and the control group without paraquat treatment. Compared with the control group of healthy subjects, we found an increase of ROS (control 100 ± 0, sPD 275.53 ± 79.11, and C441R 340 ± 99.67) and apoptosis, as well as a decline in the function of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I in PBLs of PARK2 mutation carriers and sPD after the treatment of paraquat (control 0.65 ± 0.08, sPD 0.44 ± 0.08, and C441R 0.32 ± 0.08). Moreover, overexpression of the wild-type (WT) PARK2 in HeLa cells and immortalized PBLs could rescue mitochondrial function and partially inhibit apoptosis following paraquat treatment, while the C441R mutation could not. Thus, ROS levels, activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, and apoptosis of PBLs are potential diagnostic biomarkers of PD.
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120
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Leggio L, Paternò G, Vivarelli S, L’Episcopo F, Tirolo C, Raciti G, Pappalardo F, Giachino C, Caniglia S, Serapide MF, Marchetti B, Iraci N. Extracellular Vesicles as Nanotherapeutics for Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1327. [PMID: 32948090 PMCID: PMC7563168 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are naturally occurring membranous structures secreted by normal and diseased cells, and carrying a wide range of bioactive molecules. In the central nervous system (CNS), EVs are important in both homeostasis and pathology. Through receptor-ligand interactions, direct fusion, or endocytosis, EVs interact with their target cells. Accumulating evidence indicates that EVs play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative disorders (NDs), including Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is the second most common ND, characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons within the Substantia Nigra pars compacta (SNpc). In PD, EVs are secreted by both neurons and glial cells, with either beneficial or detrimental effects, via a complex program of cell-to-cell communication. The functions of EVs in PD range from their etiopathogenetic relevance to their use as diagnostic tools and innovative carriers of therapeutics. Because they can cross the blood-brain barrier, EVs can be engineered to deliver bioactive molecules (e.g., small interfering RNAs, catalase) within the CNS. This review summarizes the latest findings regarding the role played by EVs in PD etiology, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy, with a particular focus on their use as novel PD nanotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Leggio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.L.); (G.P.); (S.V.); (G.R.); (F.P.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Greta Paternò
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.L.); (G.P.); (S.V.); (G.R.); (F.P.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Silvia Vivarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.L.); (G.P.); (S.V.); (G.R.); (F.P.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Francesca L’Episcopo
- Neuropharmacology Section, OASI Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.L.); (C.T.); (C.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Cataldo Tirolo
- Neuropharmacology Section, OASI Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.L.); (C.T.); (C.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Gabriele Raciti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.L.); (G.P.); (S.V.); (G.R.); (F.P.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Fabrizio Pappalardo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.L.); (G.P.); (S.V.); (G.R.); (F.P.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Carmela Giachino
- Neuropharmacology Section, OASI Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.L.); (C.T.); (C.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Salvatore Caniglia
- Neuropharmacology Section, OASI Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.L.); (C.T.); (C.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Maria Francesca Serapide
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.L.); (G.P.); (S.V.); (G.R.); (F.P.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Bianca Marchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.L.); (G.P.); (S.V.); (G.R.); (F.P.); (M.F.S.)
- Neuropharmacology Section, OASI Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.L.); (C.T.); (C.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Nunzio Iraci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.L.); (G.P.); (S.V.); (G.R.); (F.P.); (M.F.S.)
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Fabbri M, Kauppila LA, Ferreira JJ, Rascol O. Challenges and Perspectives in the Management of Late-Stage Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2020; 10:S75-S83. [PMID: 32568114 PMCID: PMC7592689 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, with a continuously increasing prevalence. With improved clinical and therapeutic management of PD, more patients reach later stages of the disease, meaning they may face new clinical problems that were not commonly approached. This gave way to the description of a new PD stage, late-stage PD (LSPD), which is clinically discernible from the advanced-stage one. Therefore, LSPD patients have new and different needs, regarding pharmacological and non pharmacological interventions, including palliative care and multidisciplinary teams. LSPD patients constitute an‘orphan population’, who traditionally was excluded from previous studies, due to its high disability. With this manuscript, we intend to review specific management challenges of LSPD patients, covering this new concept and its clinical features, how to assess these patients, therapeutic recommendations, as well as discussing ongoing research and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Fabbri
- Department of Neurosciences, Clinical Investigation Center CIC 1436, Parkinson Toulouse Expert Centre, NS-Park/FCRIN Network and Neuro Toul COEN Centre; Toulouse University Hospital; INSERM; University of Toulouse 3; Toulouse, France.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Linda Azevedo Kauppila
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim J Ferreira
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisbon, Portugal.,CNS - Campus Neurológico Sénior, Torres Vedras, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Olivier Rascol
- Department of Neurosciences, Clinical Investigation Center CIC 1436, Parkinson Toulouse Expert Centre, NS-Park/FCRIN Network and Neuro Toul COEN Centre; Toulouse University Hospital; INSERM; University of Toulouse 3; Toulouse, France
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122
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Insights into the Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Secretome in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155241. [PMID: 32718092 PMCID: PMC7432166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived secretome demonstrated therapeutic effects like those reported after MSCs transplantation. MSC-derived secretome may avoid various side effects of MSC-based therapy, comprising undesirable differentiation of engrafted MSCs and potential activation of the allogeneic immune response. MSC-derived secretome comprises soluble factors and encapsulated extravesicles (EVs). MSC-derived EVs comprise microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, and exosomes. In this review, we focus on the recent insights into the effects of MSC-derived secretome in Parkinson’s disease (PD). In particular, MSC-derived secretome and exosomal components counteracted neuroinflammation and enhanced antioxidant capacity and neurotrophic factors expression. In light of the insights reported in this review, MSC-derived secretome or their released exosomes may be used as a potential therapeutic approach or as adjuvant therapy to counteract the disease progression and improve PD symptoms. Also, MSC-derived secretome may be used as a vehicle in cell transplantation approaches to enhance the viability and survival of engrafted cells. Furthermore, since exosomes can cross the blood–brain barrier, they may be used as biomarkers of neural dysfunction. Further studies are necessary to fully characterize the bioactive molecules present in the secretome and to create a new, effective, cell-free therapeutic approach towards a robust clinical outcome for PD patients.
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123
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Park HS, Song YS, Moon BS, Yoo SE, Lee JM, Chung YT, Kim E, Lee BC, Kim SE. Neurorestorative Effects of a Novel Fas-Associated Factor 1 Inhibitor in the MPTP Model: An [ 18F]FE-PE2I Positron Emission Tomography Analysis Study. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:953. [PMID: 32676027 PMCID: PMC7333457 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fas-associated factor 1 (FAF1), a Fas-binding protein, is implicated in neuronal cell death in Parkinson’s disease (PD). We examined the effects of a novel FAF1 inhibitor, KM-819, in dopaminergic neurons in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model using [18F]FE-PE2I positron emission tomography (PET). The MPTP model was generated with subacute MPTP treatment (20 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 5 consecutive days in C57bl/6J mice. This study included three groups: the control group (treatment with saline only), the MPTP model group with KM-819 treatment (20 mg/kg/day p.o.) for 6 days, and the MPTP model group without KM-819 treatment. [18F]FE-PE2I PET studies were conducted in the same animals before and after MPTP with or without KM-819 treatment to monitor changes in striatal dopamine transporter activity indicated by non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) of [18F]FE-PE2I, and the expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase were assessed using immunohistochemistry before and after KM-819 treatment. After MPTP injection, decreased striatal BPND was observed in the MPTP model group compared with the control group. Striatal BPND increased in the MPTP model group with KM-819 treatment, but not in the MPTP model group without KM-819 treatment. The tyrosine hydroxylase expression levels also significantly increased in the MPTP model group with KM-819 treatment compared with the control group. This study indicates that inhibition of the Fas-mediated cell death pathway by KM-819 has neurorestorative effects in striatal dopamine neurons in the MPTP model. Further studies would be needed to investigate the potential of KM-819 as a therapeutic drug for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Soo Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea.,Department of Transdisciplinary Studies Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoo Sung Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Byung Seok Moon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Eunhee Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea.,Department of Transdisciplinary Studies Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sang Eun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea.,Department of Transdisciplinary Studies Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, South Korea
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124
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Transcriptomic profiling of differentially expressed genes and related pathways in different brain regions in Parkinson’s disease. Neurosci Lett 2020; 732:135074. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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125
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Marchetti B, Leggio L, L’Episcopo F, Vivarelli S, Tirolo C, Paternò G, Giachino C, Caniglia S, Serapide MF, Iraci N. Glia-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Parkinson's Disease. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061941. [PMID: 32575923 PMCID: PMC7356371 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial cells are fundamental players in the central nervous system (CNS) development and homeostasis, both in health and disease states. In Parkinson’s disease (PD), a dysfunctional glia-neuron crosstalk represents a common final pathway contributing to the chronic and progressive death of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Notably, glial cells communicating with each other by an array of molecules, can acquire a “beneficial” or “destructive” phenotype, thereby enhancing neuronal death/vulnerability and/or exerting critical neuroprotective and neuroreparative functions, with mechanisms that are actively investigated. An important way of delivering messenger molecules within this glia-neuron cross-talk consists in the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are nano-sized membranous particles able to convey a wide range of molecular cargoes in a controlled way, depending on the specific donor cell and the microenvironmental milieu. Given the dual role of glia in PD, glia-derived EVs may deliver molecules carrying various messages for the vulnerable/dysfunctional DAergic neurons. Here, we summarize the state-of-the-art of glial-neuron interactions and glia-derived EVs in PD. Also, EVs have the ability to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB), thus acting both within the CNS and outside, in the periphery. In these regards, this review discloses the emerging applications of EVs, with a special focus on glia-derived EVs as potential carriers of new biomarkers and nanotherapeutics for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Marchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via S. Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.L.); (S.V.); (G.P.); (M.F.S.)
- Neuropharmacology Section, OASI Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.L.); (C.T.); (C.G.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (B.M.); (N.I.)
| | - Loredana Leggio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via S. Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.L.); (S.V.); (G.P.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Francesca L’Episcopo
- Neuropharmacology Section, OASI Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.L.); (C.T.); (C.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Silvia Vivarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via S. Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.L.); (S.V.); (G.P.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Cataldo Tirolo
- Neuropharmacology Section, OASI Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.L.); (C.T.); (C.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Greta Paternò
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via S. Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.L.); (S.V.); (G.P.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Carmela Giachino
- Neuropharmacology Section, OASI Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.L.); (C.T.); (C.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Salvatore Caniglia
- Neuropharmacology Section, OASI Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.L.); (C.T.); (C.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Maria Francesca Serapide
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via S. Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.L.); (S.V.); (G.P.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Nunzio Iraci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via S. Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.L.); (S.V.); (G.P.); (M.F.S.)
- Correspondence: (B.M.); (N.I.)
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126
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Targeting the cholinergic system in Parkinson's disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:453-463. [PMID: 32132659 PMCID: PMC7468250 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor control in the striatum is an orchestra played by various neuronal populations. Loss of harmony due to dopamine deficiency is considered the primary pathological cause of the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recent progress in experimental approaches has enabled us to examine the striatal circuitry in a much more comprehensive manner, not only reshaping our understanding of striatal functions in movement regulation but also leading to new opportunities for the development of therapeutic strategies for treating PD. In addition to dopaminergic innervation, giant aspiny cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) within the striatum have long been recognized as a critical node for balancing dopamine signaling and regulating movement. With the roles of ChIs in motor control further uncovered and more specific manipulations available, striatal ChIs and their corresponding receptors are emerging as new promising therapeutic targets for PD. This review summarizes recent progress in functional studies of striatal circuitry and discusses the translational implications of these new findings for the treatment of PD.
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127
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Chen JF, Cunha RA. The belated US FDA approval of the adenosine A 2A receptor antagonist istradefylline for treatment of Parkinson's disease. Purinergic Signal 2020; 16:167-174. [PMID: 32236790 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-020-09694-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
After more than two decades of preclinical and clinical studies, on August 27, 2019, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the adenosine A2A receptor antagonist Nourianz® (istradefylline) developed by Kyowa Hakko Kirin Inc., Japan, as an add-on treatment to levodopa in Parkinson's disease (PD) with "OFF" episodes. This milestone achievement is the culmination of the decade-long clinical studies of the effects of istradefylline in more than 4000 PD patients. Istradefylline is the first non-dopaminergic drug approved by FDA for PD in the last two decades. This approval also provides some important lessons to be remembered, namely, concerning disease-specific adenosine signaling and targeting subpopulation of PD patients. Importantly, this approval paves the way to foster entirely novel therapeutic opportunities for adenosine A2A receptor antagonists, such as neuroprotection or reversal of mood and cognitive deficits in PD and other neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Fan Chen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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128
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Riesenberg R, Werth J, Zhang Y, Duvvuri S, Gray D. PF-06649751 efficacy and safety in early Parkinson's disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2020; 13:1756286420911296. [PMID: 32201505 PMCID: PMC7066585 DOI: 10.1177/1756286420911296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: PF-06649751 is a novel, oral, non-catechol-based, D1/D5 dopamine receptor partial agonist under investigation for the treatment of motor symptoms associated with Parkinson’s disease. Methods: A 15-week, phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of flexible-dose PF-06649751 in subjects with early stage Parkinson’s disease (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02847650). Results: Enrollment was terminated early for reasons unrelated to the trial. Overall, 57 subjects received study medication (PF-06649751 = 29; placebo = 28) and 47 completed the study (PF-06649751 = 25; placebo = 22). Despite early termination, the study met its primary endpoint with the PF-06649751 group showing statistically significant improvement from baseline in the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Part III score at week 15 compared with placebo. Mean (SE) change in MDS-UPDRS Part III score was −9.0 (1.54) for PF-06649751 and −4.3 (1.65) for placebo. This corresponds to an improvement versus placebo of 4.8 for the PF-06649751 group (two-sided p = 0.0407; 90% CI = 1.0, 8.6). Statistically significant improvement in MDS-UPDRS-III score was also observed at all assessment time points prior to week 15. The safety profile of PF-06649751 was similar to that observed in prior studies, with the majority of adverse events (AEs) reported as mild or moderate. The most common AEs in the PF-06649751 group were nausea, headache, dry mouth, somnolence, and tremor. Conclusions: Once-daily dosing of oral PF-06649751 resulted in significant improvement of motor symptoms and was generally well tolerated in subjects with early stage Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Werth
- Pfizer Inc., 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
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129
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Byeon JJ, Park MH, Shin SH, Park Y, Lee BI, Choi JM, Kim N, Park SJ, Park MJ, Lim JH, Na YG, Shin YG. In Vitro, In Silico, and In Vivo Assessments of Pharmacokinetic Properties of ZM241385. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051106. [PMID: 32131453 PMCID: PMC7179144 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Adenosine regulates the response to other neurotransmitters in the brain regions related to motor function. In the several subtypes of adenosine receptors, especially, adenosine 2A receptors (A2ARs) are involved in neurodegenerative conditions. ZM241385 is one of the selective non-xanthine A2AR antagonists with high affinity in the nanomolar range. This study describes the in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic properties of ZM241385 in rats. A liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometric (LC-qToF MS) method was developed for the determination of ZM241385 in rat plasma. In vivo IV administration studies showed that ZM241385 was rapidly eliminated in rats. However, the result of in vitro metabolic stability studies showed that ZM241385 had moderate clearance, suggesting that there is an extra clearance pathway in addition to hepatic clearance. In addition, in vivo PO administration studies demonstrated that ZM241385 had low exposure in rats. The results of semi-mass balance studies and the in silico PBPK modeling studies suggested that the low bioavailability of ZM241385 after oral administration in rats was due to the metabolism and by liver, kidney, and gut.
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130
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Polydatin protects SH-SY5Y in models of Parkinson's disease by promoting Atg5-mediated but parkin-independent autophagy. Neurochem Int 2020; 134:104671. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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131
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Pyridoxine induces glutathione synthesis via PKM2-mediated Nrf2 transactivation and confers neuroprotection. Nat Commun 2020; 11:941. [PMID: 32071304 PMCID: PMC7029000 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14788-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major pathogenic mechanism in Parkinson's disease (PD). As an important cellular antioxidant, glutathione (GSH) balances the production and incorporation of free radicals to protect neurons from oxidative damage. GSH level is decreased in the brains of PD patients. Hence, clarifying the molecular mechanism of GSH deficiency may help deepen our knowledge of PD pathogenesis. Here we report that the astrocytic dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) regulates GSH synthesis via PKM2-mediated Nrf2 transactivation. In addition we find that pyridoxine can dimerize PKM2 to promote GSH biosynthesis. Further experiments show that pyridoxine supplementation increases the resistance of nigral dopaminergic neurons to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced neurotoxicity in wild-type mice as well as in astrocytic Drd2 conditional knockout mice. We conclude that dimerizing PKM2 may be a potential target for PD treatment.
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132
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Uncovering the Pharmacological Mechanism of Stemazole in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases Based on a Network Pharmacology Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020427. [PMID: 31936558 PMCID: PMC7013392 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stemazole exerts potent pharmacological effects against neurodegenerative diseases and protective effects in stem cells. However, on the basis of the current understanding, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of stemazole in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease have not been fully elucidated. In this study, a network pharmacology-based strategy integrating target prediction, network construction, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses, and molecular docking was adopted to predict the targets of stemazole relevant to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and to further explore the involved pharmacological mechanisms. The majority of the predicted targets were highly involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1), caspase-3 (CASP3), caspase-8 (CASP8), mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8), and mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14) are the core targets regulated by stemazole and play a central role in its anti-apoptosis effects. This work provides a scientific basis for further elucidating the mechanism underlying the effects of stemazole in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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133
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The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurol Sci 2020; 41:1153-1162. [PMID: 31897944 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-04211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the relationship between OSA and PD is still inconsistent. Our study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between PD and OSA. METHODS Studies on OSA and PD were searched using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane library, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. Review Manager 5.3 software was used to calculate the pooled estimate effect. The inverse variance model was used to pool the mean difference (MD) or hazard ratios (HRs); the Mantel-Haenszel method was used to pool the odds ratio (OR). Heterogeneity among the studies was assessed using I2 statistic and Q test. RESULTS A total of 12 studies with 93,332 cases were deemed eligible and included in our meta-analysis. Overall, the occurrence of PD was more frequent in patients with OSA (HR 1.59, 95% CI, 1.36-1.85). The subgroup analysis demonstrated the risk similarly by sex. Male and female had HR of incident PD with OSA of 1.56 (95% CI, 1.30-1.87) and 1.60 (95% CI, 1.21-2.11), respectively. The incidence of OSA did not increase in PD patients (OR 0.89, 95% CI, 0.53-1.49). The MD of apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in PD patients was also not statistically significant (P = 0.5). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that OSA is one of independent risk factors of PD. However, OSA does not seem to be abnormally frequent in PD.
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134
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Hu S, Hu M, Liu J, Zhang B, Zhang Z, Zhou FH, Wang L, Dong J. Phosphorylation of Tau and α-Synuclein Induced Neurodegeneration in MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:651-663. [PMID: 32184604 PMCID: PMC7061418 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s235562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. The α-Synuclein is a major component of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, the pathologic hallmark of PD. It is known that α-Synuclein is phosphorylated (p-α-Synuclein) in PD and tau-hyperphosphorylation (p-Tau) is also a pathologic feature of PD. However, the relationship between p-Synuclein and p-Tau in PD is not clear, in particular in the MPTP model of PD. The purpose of this study was to reveal their relationship in the mouse MPTP model. METHODS Firstly, the p-α-Synuclein, α-Synuclein, p-Tau and Tau protein levels were analyzed. Then, GSK3β activation was determined using immunoblot and immunohistochemical staining. Finally, the dopaminergic neurodegeneration was assessed using Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) staining and retrograde labeling and microglial marker were labeled. Microglial activation and nigrostriatal pathway degeneration were observed. RESULTS The results showed that p-α-Synuclein, α-Synuclein, p-Tau and Tau were upregulated in both hippocampus and substantia nigra of the PD mouse model. Furthermore, p-α-Synuclein and p-Tau were localized in the same regions of substantial nigra (SN) and dentate gyrus (DG) of hippocampus (Hippo). The activated form of GSK3β (phosphor GSK3β Y216) was increased in multiple brain areas. The GSK3β inhibitor AZD1080 injected in MPTP mice suppressed the expression of p-Tau and p-GSK3β and improved motor functions. CONCLUSION These findings revealed that p-α-Synuclein and p-Tau proteins are key pathological events leading to neurodegeneration and motor dysfunctions in the mouse MPTP model of PD. Our data suggest that the interference with the GSK3β activity may be an effective approach for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Hu
- Good Clinical Practice Center, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Meigui Hu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi 563099, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo 315040, People's Republic of China
| | - Fiona H Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, and UniSA Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo 315040, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, and UniSA Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Jianghui Dong
- Department of Hand Surgery, Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo 315040, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, and UniSA Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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135
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Sun M, McDonald SJ, Brady RD, Collins-Praino L, Yamakawa GR, Monif M, O'Brien TJ, Cloud GC, Sobey CG, Mychasiuk R, Loane DJ, Shultz SR. The need to incorporate aged animals into the preclinical modeling of neurological conditions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 109:114-128. [PMID: 31877345 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurological conditions such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease are serious clinical problems that affect millions of people worldwide. The majority of clinical trials for these common conditions have failed, and there is a critical need to understand why treatments in preclinical animal models do not translate to patients. Many patients with these conditions are middle-aged or older, however, the majority of preclinical studies have used only young-adult animals. Considering that aging involves biological changes that are relevant to the pathobiology of neurological diseases, the lack of aged subjects in preclinical research could contribute to translational failures. This paper details how aging affects biological processes involved in neurological conditions, and reviews aging research in the context of traumatic brain injury, stroke, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. We conclude that aging is an important, but often overlooked, factor that influences biology and outcomes in neurological conditions, and provide suggestions to improve our understanding and treatment of these diseases in aged patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujun Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lyndsey Collins-Praino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Glenn R Yamakawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Mastura Monif
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Geoffrey C Cloud
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Stroke Services, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - David J Loane
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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136
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Balestrino R, Schapira A. Parkinson disease. Eur J Neurol 2019; 27:27-42. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.14108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Balestrino
- Department of Neuroscience University of Turin Turin Italy
| | - A.H.V. Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology London UK
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137
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Feng Z, Zhang L, Wang S, Hong Q. Circular RNA circDLGAP4 exerts neuroprotective effects via modulating miR-134-5p/CREB pathway in Parkinson's disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 522:388-394. [PMID: 31761328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease which is characterized by the substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons denatured. Circular RNA (circRNA) DLGAP4 (circDLGAP4) was found to have neuroprotective effect. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether circDLGAP4 participates in the progression of PD. Here, our results showed that circDLGAP4 expression was decreased in MPTP-induced PD mouse model and MPP+-induced PD cell models. In vitro study revealed that circDLGAP4 could promote viability, reduce apoptosis, decrease mitochondrial damage, enhance autophagy and thereby attenuated the neurotoxic effects of MPP+ in SH-SY5Y and MN9D cells. Further research suggested that circDLGAP4 exerted its functions via regulating miR-134-5p. Moreover, we demonstrated that CREB was a target of miR-134-5p and CREB expression could be regulated by circDLGAP4/miR-134-5p axis. CircDLGAP4/miR-134-5p could also modulate the activation of CREB signaling and thereby influence the expression of CREB target genes including BDNF, Bcl-2 and PGC-1α in SH-SY5Y and MN9D cells. In all, our study identifies that circDLGAP4 exerts neuroprotective effects via modulating miR-134-5p/CREB pathway both in human and mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sa Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Hong
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, Zhejiang, China.
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138
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Liu CY, Wang X, Liu C, Zhang HL. Pharmacological Targeting of Microglial Activation: New Therapeutic Approach. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:514. [PMID: 31803024 PMCID: PMC6877505 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is not just a consequence but a vital contributor to the development and progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Microglia in particular, may contribute to the induction and modulation of inflammation in PD. Upon stimulation, microglia convert into activated phenotypes, which exist along a dynamic continuum and bear different immune properties depending on the disease stage and severity. Activated microglia release various factors involved in neuroinflammation, such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and prostaglandins (PGs). Further, activated microglia interact with other cell types (e.g., neurons, astrocytes and mast cells) and are closely associated with α-synuclein (α-syn) pathophysiology and iron homeostasis disturbance. Taken together, microglial activation and microglia-mediated inflammatory responses play essential roles in the pathogenesis of PD and elucidation of the complexity and imbalance of microglial activation may shed light on novel therapeutic approaches for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Yun Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong-Liang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Life Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing, China
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139
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Vanda D, Zajdel P, Soural M. Imidazopyridine-based selective and multifunctional ligands of biological targets associated with psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111569. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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140
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The chemistry toolbox of multitarget-directed ligands for Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111572. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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141
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Nag N, Jelinek GA. A Narrative Review of Lifestyle Factors Associated with Parkinson's Disease Risk and Progression. NEURODEGENER DIS 2019; 19:51-59. [PMID: 31487721 DOI: 10.1159/000502292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a complex slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder with motor and non-motor symptoms affecting daily living. Despite effective symptomatic treatments, with various degrees of side effects, no disease-modifying therapeutic options presently exist. Symptoms progress, with an accumulating burden, reducing the quality of life and forming the impression that medications are no longer effective. Adopting positive lifestyle behaviours can empower patients, improve the quality of life, alleviate symptoms, and potentially slow disease progression. Lifestyle behaviours including nutrition, cognitive enrichment, physical activity, and stress management have beneficial effects on brain health and quality of life. While some evidence of an association of lifestyle with Parkinson's disease risk and progression exists, the sparse and often conflicting data make it difficult to provide clinical recommendations. Herein, we highlight studies showing promising associations between lifestyle and Parkinson's disease. Given the increasing aging of populations worldwide and the prevalence of neurological disorders, further research into self-management through adoption of positive lifestyle behaviours is clearly warranted to better enable individualized care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Nag
- Neuroepidemiology Unit, Centre of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,
| | - George A Jelinek
- Neuroepidemiology Unit, Centre of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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142
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Vidyadhara DJ, Lee JE, Chandra SS. Role of the endolysosomal system in Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem 2019; 150:487-506. [PMID: 31287913 PMCID: PMC6707858 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, affecting 1-1.5% of the total population. While progress has been made in understanding the neurodegenerative mechanisms that lead to cell death in late stages of PD, mechanisms for early, causal pathogenic events are still elusive. Recent developments in PD genetics increasingly point at endolysosomal (E-L) system dysfunction as the early pathomechanism and key pathway affected in PD. Clathrin-mediated synaptic endocytosis, an integral part of the neuronal E-L system, is probably the main early target as evident in auxilin, RME-8, and synaptojanin-1 mutations that cause PD. Autophagy, another important pathway in the E-L system, is crucial in maintaining proteostasis and a healthy mitochondrial pool, especially in neurons considering their inability to divide and requirement to function an entire life-time. PINK1 and Parkin mutations severely perturb autophagy of dysfunctional mitochondria (mitophagy), both in the cell body and synaptic terminals of dopaminergic neurons, leading to PD. Endolysosomal sorting and trafficking is also crucial, which is complex in multi-compartmentalized neurons. VPS35 and VPS13C mutations noted in PD target these mechanisms. Mutations in GBA comprise the most common risk factor for PD and initiate pathology by compromising lysosomal function. This is also the case for ATP13A2 mutations. Interestingly, α-synuclein and LRRK2, key proteins involved in PD, function in different steps of the E-L pathway and target their components to induce disease pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss these E-L system genes that are linked to PD and how their dysfunction results in PD pathogenesis. This article is part of the Special Issue "Synuclein".
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Vidyadhara
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - John E Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sreeganga S Chandra
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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143
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Small molecules from natural products targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway as a therapeutic strategy. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:108990. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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144
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Tosato M, Di Marco V. Metal Chelation Therapy and Parkinson's Disease: A Critical Review on the Thermodynamics of Complex Formation between Relevant Metal Ions and Promising or Established Drugs. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E269. [PMID: 31324037 PMCID: PMC6681387 DOI: 10.3390/biom9070269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review reports a list of approximately 800 compounds which have been used, tested or proposed for Parkinson's disease (PD) therapy in the year range 2014-2019 (April): name(s), chemical structure and references are given. Among these compounds, approximately 250 have possible or established metal-chelating properties towards Cu(II), Cu(I), Fe(III), Fe(II), Mn(II), and Zn(II), which are considered to be involved in metal dyshomeostasis during PD. Speciation information regarding the complexes formed by these ions and the 250 compounds has been collected or, if not experimentally available, has been estimated from similar molecules. Stoichiometries and stability constants of the complexes have been reported; values of the cologarithm of the concentration of free metal ion at equilibrium (pM), and of the dissociation constant Kd (both computed at pH = 7.4 and at total metal and ligand concentrations of 10-6 and 10-5 mol/L, respectively), charge and stoichiometry of the most abundant metal-ligand complexes existing at physiological conditions, have been obtained. A rigorous definition of the reported amounts is given, the possible usefulness of this data is described, and the need to characterize the metal-ligand speciation of PD drugs is underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Tosato
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valerio Di Marco
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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145
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Peng W, Minakaki G, Nguyen M, Krainc D. Preserving Lysosomal Function in the Aging Brain: Insights from Neurodegeneration. Neurotherapeutics 2019; 16:611-634. [PMID: 31183763 PMCID: PMC6694346 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00742-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are acidic, membrane-bound organelles that serve as the primary catabolic compartment of the cell. They are crucial to a variety of cellular processes from nutrient storage to autophagy. Given the diversity of lysosomal functions, it is unsurprising that lysosomes are also emerging as important players in aging. Lysosomal dysfunction is implicated in several aging-related neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia, and Huntington's. Although the precise role of lysosomes in the aging brain is not well-elucidated, some insight into their function has been gained from our understanding of the pathophysiology of age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases. Therapeutic strategies targeting lysosomes and autophagic machinery have already been tested in several of these diseases with promising results, suggesting that improving lysosomal function could be similarly beneficial in preserving function in the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Peng
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Georgia Minakaki
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Maria Nguyen
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA.
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146
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Hernandez-Baltazar D, Nadella R, Mireya Zavala-Flores L, Rosas-Jarquin CDJ, Rovirosa-Hernandez MDJ, Villanueva-Olivo A. Four main therapeutic keys for Parkinson's disease: A mini review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:716-721. [PMID: 32373291 PMCID: PMC7196346 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.33659.8025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by motor and cognitive dysfunctions. The progressive degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons that are present in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) has been the main focus of study and PD therapies since ages. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this manuscript, a systematic revision of experimental and clinical evidence of PD-associated cell process was conducted. RESULTS Classically, the damage in the dopaminergic neuronal circuits of SNpc is favored by reactive oxidative/nitrosative stress, leading to cell death. Interestingly, the therapy for PD has only focused on avoiding the symptom progression but not in finding a complete reversion of the disease. Recent evidence suggests that the renin-angiotensin system imbalance and neuroinflammation are the main keys in the progression of experimental PD. CONCLUSION The progression of neurodegeneration in SNpc is due to the complex interaction of multiple processes. In this review, we analyzed the main contribution of four cellular processes and discussed in the perspective of novel experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rasajna Nadella
- IIIT Srikakulam, Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies (RGUKT); International collaboration ID:1840; India
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147
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Yang K, Wang C, Sun T. The Roles of Intracellular Chaperone Proteins, Sigma Receptors, in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:528. [PMID: 31178723 PMCID: PMC6537631 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma receptors, including Sigma-1 receptors and Sigma-2 receptors, are highly expressed in the CNS. They are intracellular chaperone proteins. Sigma-1 receptors localize mainly at the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane (MAM). Upon stimulation, they translocate from MAM to plasma membrane (PM) and nucleus, where they interact with many proteins and ion channels. Sigma-1 receptor could interact with itself to form oligomers, its oligomerization states affect its ability to interact with client proteins including ion channels and BiP. Sigma-1 receptor shows high affinity for many unrelated and structurally diverse ligands, but the mechanism for this diverse drug receptor interaction remains unknown. Sigma-1 receptors also directly bind many proteins including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ion channels. In recent years, significant progress has been made in our understanding of roles of the Sigma-1 receptors in normal and pathological conditions, but more studies are still required for the Sigma-2 receptors. The physiological roles of Sigma-1 receptors in the CNS are discussed. They can modulate the activity of many ion channels including voltage-dependent ion channels including Ca2+, Na+, K+ channels and NMDAR, thus affecting neuronal excitability and synaptic activity. They are also involved in synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. Moreover, the activation of Sigma receptors protects neurons from death via the modulation of ER stress, neuroinflammation, and Ca2+ homeostasis. Evidences about the involvement of Sigma-1 receptors in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) are also presented, indicating Sigma-1 receptors might be promising targets for pharmacologically treating PD and MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changcai Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Taolei Sun
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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148
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MicroRNAs: Game Changers in the Regulation of α-Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2019; 2019:1743183. [PMID: 31191899 PMCID: PMC6525811 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1743183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Its neuropathological hallmarks include neuronal loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the presence of Lewy bodies containing aggregates of α-synuclein (α-syn). An imbalance between the rates of α-syn synthesis, aggregation, and clearance can result in abnormal α-syn levels and contribute to the pathogenesis of PD. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous single-stranded noncoding RNAs (∼22 nucleotides) that have recently emerged as key posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. In this review, we summarize the functions of miRNAs that directly target α-syn. We also review miRNAs that indirectly impact α-syn levels or toxicity through different pathways, including those involved in the clearance of α-syn and neuroinflammation.
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149
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González-Arancibia C, Urrutia-Piñones J, Illanes-González J, Martinez-Pinto J, Sotomayor-Zárate R, Julio-Pieper M, Bravo JA. Do your gut microbes affect your brain dopamine? Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1611-1622. [PMID: 31098656 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05265-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows changes in gut microbiota composition in association with psychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depression. Moreover, it has been reported that perturbations in gut microbe diversity and richness influence serotonergic, GABAergic, noradrenergic, and dopaminergic neurotransmission. Among these, dopamine is regarded as a main regulator of cognitive functions such as decision making, attention, memory, motivation, and reward. In this work, we will highlight findings that link alterations in intestinal microbiota and dopaminergic neurotransmission, with a particular emphasis on the mesocorticolimbic circuit, which is involved in reward to natural reinforcers, as well as abuse substances. For this, we reviewed evidence from studies carried out on germ-free animals, or in rodents subjected to intestinal dysbiosis using antibiotics, and also through the use of probiotics. All this evidence strongly supports that the microbiota-gut-brain axis is key to the physiopathology of several neuropsychiatric disorders involving those where dopaminergic neurotransmission is compromised. In addition, the gut microbiota appears as a key player when it comes to proposing novel strategies to the treatment of these psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila González-Arancibia
- Grupo de NeuroGastroBioquímica, Laboratorio de Química Biológica y Bioquímica de Sistemas, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Universidad 330, Curauma, Valparaíso, Región de Valparaíso, Chile.,Laboratorio de Neuroquímica y Neurofarmacología, Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias mención Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jocelyn Urrutia-Piñones
- Grupo de NeuroGastroBioquímica, Laboratorio de Química Biológica y Bioquímica de Sistemas, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Universidad 330, Curauma, Valparaíso, Región de Valparaíso, Chile.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias mención Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Javiera Illanes-González
- Grupo de NeuroGastroBioquímica, Laboratorio de Química Biológica y Bioquímica de Sistemas, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Universidad 330, Curauma, Valparaíso, Región de Valparaíso, Chile.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias mención Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jonathan Martinez-Pinto
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica y Neurofarmacología, Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica y Neurofarmacología, Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Marcela Julio-Pieper
- Grupo de NeuroGastroBioquímica, Laboratorio de Química Biológica y Bioquímica de Sistemas, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Universidad 330, Curauma, Valparaíso, Región de Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Javier A Bravo
- Grupo de NeuroGastroBioquímica, Laboratorio de Química Biológica y Bioquímica de Sistemas, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Universidad 330, Curauma, Valparaíso, Región de Valparaíso, Chile.
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Nag N, Jelinek GA. More Research Is Needed on Lifestyle Behaviors That Influence Progression of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2019; 10:452. [PMID: 31114542 PMCID: PMC6503036 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The variability of symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) suggests the need for individualized treatment. A key aspect of precision medicine is lifestyle risk factor modification, known to be important in the prevention and management of chronic illness including other neurological diseases. Diet, cognitive training, exercise, and social engagement affect brain health and quality of life, but little is known of the influence of lifestyle on PD progression. Given disease heterogeneity, absence of objective outcome measures, and the confounding effects of medication, investigating lifestyle as a potential therapy in PD is challenging. This article highlights some of these challenges in the design of lifestyle studies in PD, and suggests a more coordinated international effort is required, including ongoing longitudinal observational studies. In combination with pharmaceutical treatments, healthy lifestyle behaviors may slow the progression of PD, empower patients, and reduce disease burden. For optimal care of people with PD, it is important to close this gap in current knowledge and discover whether such associations exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Nag
- Neuroepidemiology Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - George A Jelinek
- Neuroepidemiology Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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