101
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The Origin of Mitochondria and their Role in the Evolution of Life and Human Health. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2020. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2020-5.5.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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102
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Lu J, Li Y, Mollinari C, Garaci E, Merlo D, Pei G. Amyloid-β Oligomers-induced Mitochondrial DNA Repair Impairment Contributes to Altered Human Neural Stem Cell Differentiation. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 16:934-949. [PMID: 31642778 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666191023104036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloid-β42 oligomers (Aβ42O), the proximate effectors of neurotoxicity observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD), can induce mitochondrial oxidative stress and impair mitochondrial function besides causing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage. Aβ42O also regulate the proliferative and differentiative properties of stem cells. OBJECTIVE We aimed to study whether Aβ42O-induced mtDNA damage is involved in the regulation of stem cell differentiation. METHOD Human iPSCs-derived neural stem cell (NSC) was applied to investigate the effect of Aβ42O on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA damage using mitoSOX staining and long-range PCR lesion assay, respectively. mtDNA repair activity was measured by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) in vitro assay using mitochondria isolates and the expression and localization of NHEJ components were determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence assay. The expressions of Tuj-1 and GFAP, detected by immunofluorescence and qPCR, respectively, were examined as an index of neurons and astrocytes production. RESULTS We show that in NSC Aβ42O treatment induces ROS production and mtDNA damage and impairs DNA end joining activity. NHEJ components, such as Ku70/80, DNA-PKcs, and XRCC4, are localized in mitochondria and silencing of XRCC4 significantly exacerbates the effect of Aβ42O on mtDNA integrity. On the contrary, pre-treatment with Phytic Acid (IP6), which specifically stimulates DNA-PK-dependent end-joining, inhibits Aβ42O-induced mtDNA damage and neuronal differentiation alteration. CONCLUSION Aβ42O-induced mtDNA repair impairment may change cell fate thus shifting human NSC differentiation toward an astrocytic lineage. Repair stimulation counteracts Aβ42O neurotoxicity, suggesting mtDNA repair pathway as a potential target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders like AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Cristiana Mollinari
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Garaci
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy.,Telematic University San Raffaele, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Merlo
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
| | - Gang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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103
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Karakaidos P, Rampias T. Mitonuclear Interactions in the Maintenance of Mitochondrial Integrity. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10090173. [PMID: 32878185 PMCID: PMC7555762 DOI: 10.3390/life10090173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, mitochondria originated in an α-proteobacterial endosymbiont. Although these organelles harbor their own genome, the large majority of genes, originally encoded in the endosymbiont, were either lost or transferred to the nucleus. As a consequence, mitochondria have become semi-autonomous and most of their processes require the import of nuclear-encoded components to be functional. Therefore, the mitochondrial-specific translation has evolved to be coordinated by mitonuclear interactions to respond to the energetic demands of the cell, acquiring unique and mosaic features. However, mitochondrial-DNA-encoded genes are essential for the assembly of the respiratory chain complexes. Impaired mitochondrial function due to oxidative damage and mutations has been associated with numerous human pathologies, the aging process, and cancer. In this review, we highlight the unique features of mitochondrial protein synthesis and provide a comprehensive insight into the mitonuclear crosstalk and its co-evolution, as well as the vulnerabilities of the animal mitochondrial genome.
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104
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Vozáriková V, Kunová N, Bauer JA, Frankovský J, Kotrasová V, Procházková K, Džugasová V, Kutejová E, Pevala V, Nosek J, Tomáška Ľ. Mitochondrial HMG-Box Containing Proteins: From Biochemical Properties to the Roles in Human Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081193. [PMID: 32824374 PMCID: PMC7463775 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecules are packaged into compact nucleo-protein structures called mitochondrial nucleoids (mt-nucleoids). Their compaction is mediated in part by high-mobility group (HMG)-box containing proteins (mtHMG proteins), whose additional roles include the protection of mtDNA against damage, the regulation of gene expression and the segregation of mtDNA into daughter organelles. The molecular mechanisms underlying these functions have been identified through extensive biochemical, genetic, and structural studies, particularly on yeast (Abf2) and mammalian mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) mtHMG proteins. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the biochemical properties of mtHMG proteins, the structural basis of their interaction with DNA, their roles in various mtDNA transactions, and the evolutionary trajectories leading to their rapid diversification. We also describe how defects in the maintenance of mtDNA in cells with dysfunctional mtHMG proteins lead to different pathologies at the cellular and organismal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vozáriková
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina B-1, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.V.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Nina Kunová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.K.); (J.A.B.); (V.K.); (E.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Jacob A. Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.K.); (J.A.B.); (V.K.); (E.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Ján Frankovský
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina B-1, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.V.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Veronika Kotrasová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.K.); (J.A.B.); (V.K.); (E.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Katarína Procházková
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina B-1, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.V.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Vladimíra Džugasová
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina B-1, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.V.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Eva Kutejová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.K.); (J.A.B.); (V.K.); (E.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Vladimír Pevala
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.K.); (J.A.B.); (V.K.); (E.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Jozef Nosek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina CH-1, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Ľubomír Tomáška
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina B-1, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.V.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (V.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-90149-433
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105
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Fu Y, Tigano M, Sfeir A. Safeguarding mitochondrial genomes in higher eukaryotes. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2020; 27:687-695. [PMID: 32764737 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-0474-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria respond to DNA damage and preserve their own genetic material in a manner distinct from that of the nucleus but that requires organized mito-nuclear communication. Failure to resolve mtDNA breaks leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and affects host cells and tissues. Here, we review the pathways that safeguard mitochondrial genomes and examine the insights gained from studies of cellular and tissue-wide responses to mtDNA damage and mito-nuclear genome incompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fu
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Cell Biology Department, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marco Tigano
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Cell Biology Department, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Agnel Sfeir
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Cell Biology Department, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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106
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Zhao L, Sumberaz P. Mitochondrial DNA Damage: Prevalence, Biological Consequence, and Emerging Pathways. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2491-2502. [PMID: 32486637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have a plethora of functions within a eukaryotic cell, ranging from energy production, cell signaling, and protein cofactor synthesis to various aspects of metabolism. Mitochondrial dysfunction is known to cause over 200 named disorders and has been implicated in many human diseases and aging. Mitochondria have their own genetic material, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which encodes 13 protein subunits in the oxidative phosphorylation system and a full set of transfer and rRNAs. Although more than 99% of the proteins in mitochondria are nuclear DNA (nDNA)-encoded, the integrity of mtDNA is critical for mitochondrial functions, as evidenced by mitochondrial diseases sourced from mtDNA mutations and depletions and the vital role of fragmented mtDNA molecules in cell signaling pathways. Previous research has shown that mtDNA is an important target of genotoxic assaults by a variety of chemical and physical factors. This Perspective discusses the prevalence of mtDNA damage by comparing the abundance of lesions in mDNA and nDNA and summarizes current knowledge on the biological pathways to cope with mtDNA damage, including mtDNA repair, mtDNA degradation, and mitochondrial fission and fusion. Also, emerging roles of mtDNA damage in mutagenesis and immune responses are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Philip Sumberaz
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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107
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Sreedhar A, Aguilera-Aguirre L, Singh KK. Mitochondria in skin health, aging, and disease. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:444. [PMID: 32518230 PMCID: PMC7283348 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The skin is a high turnover organ, and its constant renewal depends on the rapid proliferation of its progenitor cells. The energy requirement for these metabolically active cells is met by mitochondrial respiration, an ATP generating process driven by a series of protein complexes collectively known as the electron transport chain (ETC) that is located on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. However, reactive oxygen species (ROS) like superoxide, singlet oxygen, peroxides are inevitably produced during respiration and disrupt macromolecular and cellular structures if not quenched by the antioxidant system. The oxidative damage caused by mitochondrial ROS production has been established as the molecular basis of multiple pathophysiological conditions, including aging and cancer. Not surprisingly, the mitochondria are the primary organelle affected during chronological and UV-induced skin aging, the phenotypic manifestations of which are the direct consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction. Also, deletions and other aberrations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are frequent in photo-aged skin and skin cancer lesions. Recent studies have revealed a more innate role of the mitochondria in maintaining skin homeostasis and pigmentation, which are affected when the essential mitochondrial functions are impaired. Some common and rare skin disorders have a mitochondrial involvement and include dermal manifestations of primary mitochondrial diseases as well as congenital skin diseases caused by damaged mitochondria. With studies increasingly supporting the close association between mitochondria and skin health, its therapeutic targeting in the skin-either via an ATP production boost or free radical scavenging-has gained attention from clinicians and aestheticians alike. Numerous bioactive compounds have been identified that improve mitochondrial functions and have proved effective against aged and diseased skin. In this review, we discuss the essential role of mitochondria in regulating normal and abnormal skin physiology and the possibility of targeting this organelle in various skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Keshav K Singh
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- Integartive Center For Aging Research and O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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108
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Bueno M, Calyeca J, Rojas M, Mora AL. Mitochondria dysfunction and metabolic reprogramming as drivers of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Redox Biol 2020; 33:101509. [PMID: 32234292 PMCID: PMC7251240 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating lung disease of unknown etiology. It is characterized by deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, like collagen and fibronectin in the lung interstitium leading to respiratory failure. Our understanding of the pathobiology underlying IPF is still incomplete; however, it is accepted that aging is a major risk factor in the disease while growing evidence suggests that the mitochondria plays an important role in the initiation and progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Mitochondria dysfunction and metabolic reprogramming had been identified in different IPF lung cells (alveolar epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages) promoting low resilience and increasing susceptibility to activation of profibrotic responses. Here we summarize changes in mitochondrial numbers, biogenesis, turnover and associated metabolic adaptations that promote disrepair and fibrosis in the lung. Finally, we highlight new possible therapeutic approaches focused on ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bueno
- Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jazmin Calyeca
- Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Dorothy and Richard Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ana L Mora
- Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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109
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Rose E, Carvalho JL, Hecht M. Mechanisms of DNA repair in Trypanosoma cruzi: What do we know so far? DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 91-92:102873. [PMID: 32505694 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas Disease, which affects 6-7 million people worldwide. Since the early stages of infection and throughout its life cycle, the parasite is exposed to several genotoxic agents. Furthermore, DNA damage is also part of the mechanism of action of at least a few trypanocidal drugs, including Benznidazole. Thus, it is paramount for the parasite to count on an efficient DNA repair machinery to guarantee genome integrity and survival. The present work provides an up-to-date review of both the conserved and peculiar DNA repair mechanisms described in T. cruzi against oxidative stress, ultraviolet and ionizing radiation, DNA adduct-inducing agents, and Benznidazole. The comprehension of the DNA repair mechanisms of the parasite may shed light on the parasite evolution and possibly pave the way for the development of novel and more effective trypanocidal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Rose
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Lott Carvalho
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Mariana Hecht
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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110
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Piantadosi CA. Mitochondrial DNA, oxidants, and innate immunity. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:455-461. [PMID: 31958498 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidant damage, including damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a feature of both severe microbial infections and inflammation arising from sterile (non-infectious) sources such as tissue trauma. Damaged mitochondria release intact or oxidized fragments of mtDNA into the cytoplasm, which represent oxidant injury, and the fragments promote a spontaneous innate immune response, exemplifying a modern frontier of immunological research. MtDNA and mitochondrial-derived oxidants are central factors in activating at least three innate immune pathways involving the TLR9 (Toll-like receptor 9), the NLRP3 (NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein-3) inflammasome, and the cGAS (cyclic AMP-GMP synthase) pathway. The events that allow mtDNA to escape from damaged mitochondria and from damaged cells are incompletely known, but the presence of cytoplasmic mtDNA and cell-free mtDNA as immune regulators are important for understanding the cell's capacity for protecting mitochondrial quality control (MQC) and cell viability during inflammatory states.
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111
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Mao CC, Cai X. Nanomaterials and Aging. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 16:57-65. [PMID: 32321409 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200422103916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As the proportion of the elderly population increases, more and more people suffer from aging-related diseases. Even if aging is inevitable, prolonging the time of healthy aging, delaying the progression of aging-related diseases, and the incidence of morbidity can greatly alleviate the pressure on individuals and society. Current research and exploration in the field of materials related to aging are expanding tremendously. Here, we present a summary of recent research in the field of nanomaterials relevant to aging. Some nanomaterials, such as silica nanomaterials (NMs) and carbon nanotubes, cause damage to the cells similar to aging processes. Other nanomaterials such as fullerenes and metalbased nanomaterials can protect the body from endogenous and exogenous harmful substances such as ROS by virtue of their excellent reducing properties. Another new type of nucleic acid nanomaterial, tetrahedral framework nucleic acids, works effectively against cell damage. This material selectively clears existing senescent cells in the tissue and thus prevents the development of the chronic inflammatory environment caused by senescent cells secreting senescence-associated secretory phenotype to the surroundings. We believe that nanomaterials have tremendous potential to advance the understanding and treatment of aging-related disorders, and today's research only represents the beginning stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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112
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Zhou W, Sun J, Guo W, Zhuang Y, Xu L, Wang Y. AluYb8 insertion polymorphism in the MUTYH gene impairs mitochondrial DNA maintenance and affects the age of onset of IPF. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:933-949. [PMID: 30716719 PMCID: PMC6382421 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an age-related fatal disease with an unknown etiology. Increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are thought to be involved in its pathogenesis. However, the effect of the AluYb8MUTYH polymorphism on IPF is not known. Results: The mean age of onset for IPF in patients homozygous for the AluYb8MUTYH variant (P/P) was 66.5 years old, which was significantly earlier than that in patients with the wild-type (A/A, 70.45 years old). For the 97 male IPF patients with lung function data, the FVC% of the P/P patients was lower than that of the wild-type (A/A) or heterozygous (A/P) patients. The laboratory analysis indicated that an increased mtDNA content and impaired mitochondrial quality control were associated with the P/P genotype. We also confirmed that AluYb8 insertion into MUTYH caused decreased MUTYH1 expression in lung tissues. Methods: We compared the lung function of IPF patients and observed the mtDNA content, mtDNA integrity and molecular expression of mitochondrial quality control among subjects with different AluYb8MUTYH genotypes. Additionally, immunoblotting and a reporter gene system were used to test whether altered mitochondrial MUTYH1 expression was linked to AluYb8MUTYH. Conclusions: The AluYb8 insertion polymorphism in MUTYH impairs mtDNA stability and affects the age of onset of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiapeng Sun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenwen Guo
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Yi Zhuang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Respirology, Medical School Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lizhi Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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113
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Peter B, Falkenberg M. TWINKLE and Other Human Mitochondrial DNA Helicases: Structure, Function and Disease. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040408. [PMID: 32283748 PMCID: PMC7231222 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian mitochondria contain a circular genome (mtDNA) which encodes subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation machinery. The replication and maintenance of mtDNA is carried out by a set of nuclear-encoded factors—of which, helicases form an important group. The TWINKLE helicase is the main helicase in mitochondria and is the only helicase required for mtDNA replication. Mutations in TWINKLE cause a number of human disorders associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, neurodegeneration and premature ageing. In addition, a number of other helicases with a putative role in mitochondria have been identified. In this review, we discuss our current knowledge of TWINKLE structure and function and its role in diseases of mtDNA maintenance. We also briefly discuss other potential mitochondrial helicases and postulate on their role(s) in mitochondria.
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114
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Repolês BM, Machado CR, Florentino PTV. DNA lesions and repair in trypanosomatids infection. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190163. [PMID: 32236391 PMCID: PMC7197992 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological processes such as bacterial, viral and parasitic infections can generate a plethora of responses such as, but not restricted to, oxidative stress that can be harmful to the host and the pathogen. This stress occurs when there is an imbalance between reactive oxygen species produced and antioxidant factors produced in response to the infection. This imbalance can lead to DNA lesions in both infected cells as well as in the pathogen. The effects of the host response on the parasite lead to several kinds of DNA damage, causing alterations in the parasite's metabolism; the reaction and sensitivity of the parasite to these responses are related to the DNA metabolism and life cycle of each parasite. The present review will discuss the survival strategies developed by host cells and Trypanosoma cruzi, focusing on the DNA repair mechanisms of these organisms throughout infection including the relationship between DNA damage, stress response features, and the unique characteristics of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M Repolês
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos Renato Machado
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
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115
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Riley JS, Tait SW. Mitochondrial DNA in inflammation and immunity. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49799. [PMID: 32202065 PMCID: PMC7132203 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 422] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular organelles that orchestrate a vast range of biological processes, from energy production and metabolism to cell death and inflammation. Despite this seemingly symbiotic relationship, mitochondria harbour within them a potent agonist of innate immunity: their own genome. Release of mitochondrial DNA into the cytoplasm and out into the extracellular milieu activates a plethora of different pattern recognition receptors and innate immune responses, including cGAS‐STING, TLR9 and inflammasome formation leading to, among others, robust type I interferon responses. In this Review, we discuss how mtDNA can be released from the mitochondria, the various inflammatory pathways triggered by mtDNA release and its myriad biological consequences for health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel S Riley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.,Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stephen Wg Tait
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.,Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Ma H, Hayama T, Van Dyken C, Darby H, Koski A, Lee Y, Gutierrez NM, Yamada S, Li Y, Andrews M, Ahmed R, Liang D, Gonmanee T, Kang E, Nasser M, Kempton B, Brigande J, McGill TJ, Terzic A, Amato P, Mitalipov S. Deleterious mtDNA mutations are common in mature oocytes. Biol Reprod 2020; 102:607-619. [PMID: 31621839 PMCID: PMC7068114 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heritable mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are common, yet only a few recurring pathogenic mtDNA variants account for the majority of known familial cases in humans. Purifying selection in the female germline is thought to be responsible for the elimination of most harmful mtDNA mutations during oogenesis. Here we show that deleterious mtDNA mutations are abundant in ovulated mature mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos recovered from PolG mutator females but not in their live offspring. This implies that purifying selection acts not in the maternal germline per se, but during post-implantation development. We further show that oocyte mtDNA mutations can be captured and stably maintained in embryonic stem cells and then reintroduced into chimeras, thereby allowing examination of the effects of specific mutations on fetal and postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ma
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S.W. Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 N.W. 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Tomonari Hayama
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S.W. Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 N.W. 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Crystal Van Dyken
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S.W. Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 N.W. 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Hayley Darby
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S.W. Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 N.W. 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Amy Koski
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S.W. Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 N.W. 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Yeonmi Lee
- Stem Cell Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Nuria Marti Gutierrez
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S.W. Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 N.W. 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Satsuki Yamada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S.W. Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 N.W. 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Michael Andrews
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3375 S.W. Terwilliger Blvd, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Riffat Ahmed
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S.W. Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 N.W. 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Dan Liang
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S.W. Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 N.W. 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Thanasup Gonmanee
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S.W. Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 N.W. 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Eunju Kang
- Stem Cell Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammed Nasser
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S.W. Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 N.W. 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Beth Kempton
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - John Brigande
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Trevor J McGill
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3375 S.W. Terwilliger Blvd, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Andre Terzic
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Paula Amato
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S.W. Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Shoukhrat Mitalipov
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S.W. Bond Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 N.W. 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Wei G, Zhao J, Yang G, Zhou S. Stepwise dual targeting and dual responsive polymer micelles for mitochondrion therapy. J Control Release 2020; 322:157-169. [PMID: 32169533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Methods to selectively destroy mitochondria of tumor cells and induce cell apoptosis with nanomedicine constitute challenges in cancer therapy. In the present study, we develop cell membrane/mitochondria dual targeting and pH/redox dual responsive nanoparticles for mitochondrion therapy. The nanoparticles are fabricated by the self-assembly of triphenylphosphonium (TPP) grafted poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG)-poly(d,l-lactide)(PLA) copolymers (TPP-PEG-ss-PLA) using disulfide bonds as the intermediate linkers. To shield the surface positive charge of the nanoparticles from TPP composition, chondroitin sulfate (CS) is employed to coat the nanoparticles, and this prolongs blood circulation while endowing an active targeting ability to the cell membrane. In acidic lyso-somes/endosomes, the negatively charged CS layer falls away to expose the TPP component. Subsequently, in the cyto-plasm, the nanoparticles can anchor to the mitochondrial outer membrane by TPP-mediated targeting, thereby inducing a decrease in the membrane potential and opening of the permeability transition pore. Thus, the overproduction of ROS in the mitochondria promotes cell apoptosis. The released DOX directly diffuse into the mitochondria, thereby resulting in mito-chondrial DNA damage. Therefore, the nanoparticles exhibit significant potential in terms of a new avenue for mitochondrion therapy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, PR China; Radiation Chemistry Department, Sichuan Institute of Atomic Energy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610101, PR China; Irradiation Preservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610101, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, PR China
| | - Guoqing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, PR China
| | - Jingya Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, PR China
| | - Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, PR China
| | - Shaobing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, PR China.
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118
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Chiaratti MR, Macabelli CH, Augusto Neto JD, Grejo MP, Pandey AK, Perecin F, Collado MD. Maternal transmission of mitochondrial diseases. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190095. [PMID: 32141474 PMCID: PMC7197987 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the major role of the mitochondrion in cellular homeostasis, dysfunctions of this organelle may lead to several common diseases in humans. Among these, maternal diseases linked to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are of special interest due to the unclear pattern of mitochondrial inheritance. Multiple copies of mtDNA are present in a cell, each encoding for 37 genes essential for mitochondrial function. In cases of mtDNA mutations, mitochondrial malfunctioning relies on mutation load, as mutant and wild-type molecules may co-exist within the cell. Since the mutation load associated with disease manifestation varies for different mutations and tissues, it is hard to predict the progeny phenotype based on mutation load in the progenitor. In addition, poorly understood mechanisms act in the female germline to prevent the accumulation of deleterious mtDNA in the following generations. In this review, we outline basic aspects of mitochondrial inheritance in mammals and how they may lead to maternally-inherited diseases. Furthermore, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies for these diseases, which may be used in the future to prevent their transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos R Chiaratti
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Laboratório de Genética e Biotecnologia, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina H Macabelli
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Laboratório de Genética e Biotecnologia, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - José Djaci Augusto Neto
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Laboratório de Genética e Biotecnologia, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Mateus Priolo Grejo
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Laboratório de Genética e Biotecnologia, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Anand Kumar Pandey
- Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Felipe Perecin
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Laboratório de Morfofisiologia Molecular e Desenvolvimento, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Maite Del Collado
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Laboratório de Morfofisiologia Molecular e Desenvolvimento, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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119
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Zhao L, Li J, Su Y, Yang L, Chen L, Qiang L, Wang Y, Xiang H, Tham HP, Peng J, Zhao Y. MTH1 inhibitor amplifies the lethality of reactive oxygen species to tumor in photodynamic therapy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz0575. [PMID: 32181355 PMCID: PMC7056313 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been clinically applied tumor hypoxia still greatly restricts the performance of this oxygen-dependent oncological treatment. The delivery of oxygen donors to tumor may produce excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and damage the peripheral tissues. Herein, we developed a strategy to solve the hypoxia issue by enhancing the lethality of ROS. Before PDT, the ROS-defensing system of the cancer cells was obstructed by an inhibitor to MTH1, which is a key for the remediation of ROS-caused DNA damage. As a result, both nuclei and mitochondrial DNA damages were increased, remarkably promoting cellular apoptosis. The therapeutic results demonstrated that the performance of PDT can be improved by the MTH1 inhibitor, leading to efficient cancer cell killing effect in the hypoxic tumor. This strategy makes better use of the limited oxygen, holding the promise to achieve satisfactory therapeutic effect by PDT without generating redundant cytotoxic ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Junyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Yaoquan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Liqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Liu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Lei Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Huijing Xiang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Huijun Phoebe Tham
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Juanjuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Garbe S, Krause M, Klimpel A, Neundorf I, Lippmann P, Ott I, Brünink D, Strassert CA, Doltsinis NL, Klein A. Cyclometalated Pt Complexes of CNC Pincer Ligands: Luminescence and Cytotoxic Evaluation. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Garbe
- Universität zu Köln, Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Maren Krause
- Universität zu Köln, Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Annika Klimpel
- Universität zu Köln, Department für Chemie, Institut für Biochemie, Zülpicher Strasse 47a, D-50674 Köln, Germany
| | - Ines Neundorf
- Universität zu Köln, Department für Chemie, Institut für Biochemie, Zülpicher Strasse 47a, D-50674 Köln, Germany
| | - Petra Lippmann
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraβe 55, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraβe 55, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dana Brünink
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Festkörpertheorie and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Cristian A. Strassert
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, CiMIC, CeNTech, Heisenbergstraße 11, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nikos L. Doltsinis
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Festkörpertheorie and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Axel Klein
- Universität zu Köln, Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany
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Ikonomidis I, Katogiannis K, Kyriakou E, Taichert M, Katsimaglis G, Tsoumani M, Andreadou I, Maratou E, Lambadiari V, Kousathana F, Papadopoulou A, Varlamos C, Plotas P, Parissis J, Stamatelopoulos K, Alexopoulos D, Dimitriadis G, Tsantes AE. β-Amyloid and mitochondrial-derived peptide-c are additive predictors of adverse outcome to high-on-treatment platelet reactivity in type 2 diabetics with revascularized coronary artery disease. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2020; 49:365-376. [PMID: 32052315 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Increased β-amyloid and decreased mitochondrial-derived peptide (MOTS-c), are reported in diabetes. We investigated their additive value to high on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity (HPR) for adverse outcome in type 2 diabetics after recent revascularization. PATIENTS AND METHODS In 121 type II diabetics, treated with clopidogrel and aspirin, (93 males, mean age 67.2 years) we measured: (a) maximum platelet aggregation to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) by light transmission aggregometry (LTAmax), (b) malondialdehyde (MDA), as oxidative stress marker, (c) MOTS-c, (d) β-amyloid blood levels. Cardiac death and acute coronary syndromes (MACE) were recorded during 2 years of follow-up. RESULTS Out of 121 patients, 32 showed HPR (LTAmax > 48%,). At baseline, HPR was associated with β-amyloid > 51 pg/ml (p = 0.006) after adjusting clinical variables, HbA1c, MOTS-c, MDA and medication. During follow-up, 22 patients suffered a MACE. HPR, β-amyloid > 51 pg/ml and MOTS-c < 167 ng/ml were predictors of MACE (relative risk 3.1, 3.5 and 3.8 respectively, p < 0.05) after adjusting for confounders and medication. There was significant interaction between HPR and β-amyloid or MOTS-c for the prediction of MACE (p < 0.05). Patients with HPR and β-amyloid > 51 mg/dl or HPR and MOTS-c concentration < 167 ng/ml had a fourfold higher risk for MACE than patients without these predictors (relative risk 4.694 and 4.447 respectively p < 0.01). The above results were confirmed in an external validation cohort of 90 patients with diabetes and CAD. CONCLUSIONS Increased β-amyloid or low MOTS-c are additive predictors to high on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity for adverse outcome in diabetics with CAD during 2-years follow-up. Clinical Trial Registration-URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT04027712.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignatios Ikonomidis
- Second Cardiology Department, 'Attikon University Hospital', School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Katogiannis
- Second Cardiology Department, 'Attikon University Hospital', School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elias Kyriakou
- Laboratory of Haematology & Blood Bank Unit, 'Attikon University Hospital', School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Taichert
- Laboratory of Haematology & Blood Bank Unit, 'Attikon University Hospital', School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Maria Tsoumani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Maratou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, 'Attikon University Hospital', School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vaia Lambadiari
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, 'Attikon University Hospital', School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Foteini Kousathana
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, 'Attikon University Hospital', School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Papadopoulou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, 'Attikon University Hospital', School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalampos Varlamos
- Second Cardiology Department, 'Attikon University Hospital', School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Plotas
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, 'Attikon University Hospital', School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - John Parissis
- Second Cardiology Department, 'Attikon University Hospital', School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kimon Stamatelopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Alexopoulos
- Second Cardiology Department, 'Attikon University Hospital', School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Dimitriadis
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, 'Attikon University Hospital', School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Argirios E Tsantes
- Laboratory of Haematology & Blood Bank Unit, 'Attikon University Hospital', School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Weaver RJ. Hypothesized Evolutionary Consequences of the Alternative Oxidase (AOX) in Animal Mitochondria. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 59:994-1004. [PMID: 30912813 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icz015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The environment in which eukaryotes first evolved was drastically different from what they experience today, and one of the key limiting factors was the availability of oxygen for mitochondrial respiration. During the transition to a fully oxygenated Earth, other compounds such as sulfide posed a considerable constraint on using mitochondrial aerobic respiration for energy production. The ancestors of animals, and those that first evolved from the simpler eukaryotes have mitochondrial respiratory components that are absent from later-evolving animals. Specifically, mitochondria of most basal metazoans have a sulfide-resistant alternative oxidase (AOX), which provides a secondary oxidative pathway to the classical cytochrome pathway. In this essay, I argue that because of its resistance to sulfide, AOX respiration was critical to the evolution of animals by enabling oxidative metabolism under otherwise inhibitory conditions. I hypothesize that AOX allowed for metabolic flexibility during the stochastic oxygen environment of early Earth which shaped the evolution of basal metazoans. I briefly describe the known functions of AOX, with a particular focus on the decreased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during stress conditions. Then, I propose three evolutionary consequences of AOX-mediated protection from ROS observed in basal metazoans: 1) adaptation to stressful environments, 2) the persistence of facultative sexual reproduction, and 3) decreased mitochondrial DNA mutation rates. Recognizing the diversity of mitochondrial respiratory systems present in animals may help resolve the mechanisms involved in major evolutionary processes such as adaptation and speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Weaver
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Implications of Oxidative Stress and Cellular Senescence in Age-Related Thymus Involution. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7986071. [PMID: 32089780 PMCID: PMC7025075 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7986071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human thymus is a primary lymphoepithelial organ which supports the production of self-tolerant T cells with competent and regulatory functions. Paradoxically, despite the crucial role that it exerts in T cell-mediated immunity and prevention of systemic autoimmunity, the thymus is the first organ of the body that exhibits age-associated degeneration/regression, termed “thymic involution.” A hallmark of this early phenomenon is a progressive decline of thymic mass as well as a decreased output of naïve T cells, thus resulting in impaired immune response. Importantly, thymic involution has been recently linked with cellular senescence which is a stress response induced by various stimuli. Accumulation of senescent cells in tissues has been implicated in aging and a plethora of age-related diseases. In addition, several lines of evidence indicate that oxidative stress, a well-established trigger of senescence, is also involved in thymic involution, thus highlighting a possible interplay between oxidative stress, senescence, and thymic involution.
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124
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Schaack S, Ho EKH, Macrae F. Disentangling the intertwined roles of mutation, selection and drift in the mitochondrial genome. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190173. [PMID: 31787045 PMCID: PMC6939366 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding and quantifying the rates of change in the mitochondrial genome is a major component of many areas of biological inquiry, from phylogenetics to human health. A critical parameter in understanding rates of change is estimating the mitochondrial mutation rate (mtDNA MR). Although the first direct estimates of mtDNA MRs were reported almost 20 years ago, the number of estimates has not grown markedly since that time. This is largely owing to the challenges associated with time- and labour-intensive mutation accumulation (MA) experiments. But even MA experiments do not solve a major problem with estimating mtDNA MRs-the challenge of disentangling the role of mutation from other evolutionary forces acting within the cell. Now that it is widely understood that any newly generated mutant allele in the mitochondria will initially be at very low frequency (1/N, where N is the number of mtDNA molecules in the cell), the importance of understanding the effective population size (Ne) of the mtDNA and the size of genetic bottlenecks during gametogenesis and development has come into the spotlight. In addition to these factors regulating the role of genetic drift, advances in our understanding of mitochondrial replication and turnover allow us to more easily envision how natural selection within the cell might favour or purge mutations in multi-copy organellar genomes. Here, we review the unique features of the mitochondrial genome that pose a challenge for accurate MR estimation and discuss ways to overcome those challenges. Estimates of mtDNA MRs remain one of the most widely used parameters in biology, thus accurate quantification and a deeper understanding of how and why they may vary within and between individuals, populations and species is an important goal. This article is part of the theme issue 'Linking the mitochondrial genotype to phenotype: a complex endeavour'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schaack
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, OR 97202, USA
| | - Eddie K H Ho
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, OR 97202, USA
| | - Fenner Macrae
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, OR 97202, USA
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Wang H, Zhang F, Wen H, Shi W, Huang Q, Huang Y, Xie J, Li P, Chen J, Qin L, Zhou Y. Tumor- and mitochondria-targeted nanoparticles eradicate drug resistant lung cancer through mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:8. [PMID: 31918714 PMCID: PMC6950814 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drugs frequently encounter multidrug resistance. ATP from mitochondria helps overexpression of drug efflux pumps to induce multidrug resistance, so mitochondrial delivery as a means of "repurposing'' chemotherapeutic drugs currently used in the clinic appears to be a worthwhile strategy to pursue for the development of new anti-drug-resistant cancer agents. TPP-Pluronic F127-hyaluronic acid (HA) (TPH), with a mitochondria-targeting triphenylphosphine (TPP) head group, was first synthesized through ester bond formation. Paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded TPH (TPH/PTX) nanomicelles exhibited excellent physical properties and significantly inhibited A549/ADR cells. After TPH/PTX nanomicelles entered acidic lysosomes through macropinocytosis, the positively charged TP/PTX nanomicelles that resulted from degradation of HA by hyaluronidase (HAase) in acidic lysosomes were exposed and completed lysosomal escape at 12 h, finally localizing to mitochondria over a period of 24 h in A549/ADR cells. Subsequently, TPH/PTX caused mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) by inhibiting antiapoptotic Bcl-2, leading to cytochrome C release and activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. In an A549/ADR xenograft tumor model and a drug-resistant breast cancer-bearing mouse model with lung metastasis, TPH/PTX nanomicelles exhibited obvious tumor targeting and significant antitumor efficacy. This work presents the potential of a single, nontoxic nanoparticle (NP) platform for mitochondria-targeted delivery of therapeutics for diverse drug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China.,Center of Cancer Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Huaying Wen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenwen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiudi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Yugang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiacui Xie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiyin Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianhai Chen
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Linghao Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China.
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126
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Babbar M, Basu S, Yang B, Croteau DL, Bohr VA. Mitophagy and DNA damage signaling in human aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 186:111207. [PMID: 31923475 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with multiple human pathologies. In the past few years mitochondrial homeostasis has been well correlated with age-related disorders and longevity. Mitochondrial homeostasis involves generation, biogenesis and removal of dysfunctional mitochondria via mitophagy. Mitophagy is regulated by various mitochondrial and extra-mitochondrial factors including morphology, oxidative stress and DNA damage. For decades, DNA damage and inefficient DNA repair have been considered as major determinants for age-related disorders. Although defects in DNA damage recognition and repair and mitophagy are well documented to be major factors in age-associated diseases, interactivity between these is poorly understood. Mitophagy efficiency decreases with age leading to accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria enhancing the severity of age-related disorders including neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory diseases, cancer, diabetes and many more. Therefore, mitophagy is being targeted for intervention in age-associated disorders. NAD+ supplementation has emerged as one intervention to target both defective DNA repair and mitophagy. In this review, we discuss the molecular signaling pathways involved in regulation of DNA damage and repair and of mitophagy, and we highlight the opportunities for clinical interventions targeting these processes to improve the quality of life during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Babbar
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Sambuddha Basu
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Beimeng Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Deborah L Croteau
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Matkarimov BT, Saparbaev MK. DNA Repair and Mutagenesis in Vertebrate Mitochondria: Evidence for Asymmetric DNA Strand Inheritance. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1241:77-100. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-41283-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Shi W, Gong L, Yu H. Double control regions of some flatfish mitogenomes evolve in a concerted manner. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 142:11-17. [PMID: 31785298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) typically contain 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and a single control region (CR). Flatfish mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) from three different genera in Bothidae (bothids) contain double CRs that evolved in a concerted manner. How these double CRs maintained identical sequences throughout the evolutionary process is an interesting issue. In the present study, over four hundred arrays of the double CRs of mitogenomes from three bothids (Arnoglossus tenuis, Lophonectes gallus and Psettina iijimae) were performed. Interesting variations between double CRs were observed in P. iijimae mitogenomes, and the networks of CR sequences from P. iijimae indicated a high possibility of genetic information exchange between CRs. No recombination product was detected in our results, indicating that the mechanism of the concerted evolution between the double CRs of P. iijimae was not recombination. We speculate that mismatch repair, a mitochondrial DNA repair mechanism, is a potential explanation for the concerted evolution between these double CRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, College of Life Science, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528231, China
| | - Li Gong
- National engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022 Zhoushan, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, College of Life Science, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528231, China.
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Fu MH, Chen IC, Lee CH, Wu CW, Lee YC, Kung YC, Hung CY, Wu KLH. Anti-neuroinflammation ameliorates systemic inflammation-induced mitochondrial DNA impairment in the nucleus of the solitary tract and cardiovascular reflex dysfunction. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:224. [PMID: 31729994 PMCID: PMC6858639 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) leads to cardiovascular diseases and increased mortality in clinical studies. However, the underlying mechanisms are still inconclusive. Systemic inflammation-induced neuroinflammation is known to impair the autonomic center of cardiovascular regulation. The dynamic stability of blood pressure and heart rate (HR) is regulated by modulation of the reciprocal responses of sympathetic and parasympathetic tone by the baroreflex, which is controlled by the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). METHODS Systemic inflammation was induced by E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1.2 mg/kg/day, 7 days) peritoneal infusion via an osmotic minipump in normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and HR were measured by femoral artery cannulation and recorded on a polygraph under anesthesia. The low-frequency (LF; 0.25-0.8 Hz) and high-frequency (HF; 0.8-2.4 Hz) components of SBP were adopted as the indices for sympathetic vasomotor tone and parasympathetic vasomotor tone, while the baroreflex effectiveness index (BEI) was adopted from the analysis of SBP and pulse interval (PI). The plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) oxidative damage were analyzed by ELISA. Protein expression was evaluated by Western blot. The distribution of oxidative mtDNA was probed by immunofluorescence. Pharmacological agents were delivered via infusion into the cisterna magna with an osmotic minipump. RESULTS The suppression of baroreflex sensitivity was concurrent with increased SBP and decreased HR. Neuroinflammatory factors, including TNF-α, CD11b, and Iba-1, were detected in the NTS of the LPS group. Moreover, indices of mtDNA damage, including 8-OHdG and γ-H2AX, were significantly increased in neuronal mitochondria. Pentoxifylline or minocycline intracisternal (IC) infusion effectively prevented mtDNA damage, suggesting that cytokine and microglial activation contributed to mtDNA damage. Synchronically, baroreflex sensitivity was effectively protected, and the elevated blood pressure was significantly relieved. In addition, the mtDNA repair mechanism was significantly enhanced by pentoxifylline or minocycline. CONCLUSION These results suggest that neuronal mtDNA damage in the NTS induced by neuroinflammation could be the core factor in deteriorating baroreflex desensitization and subsequent cardiovascular dysfunction. Therefore, the enhancement of base excision repair (BER) signaling in mitochondria could be a potential therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular reflex dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - I-Chun Chen
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Chou-Hwei Lee
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Chih-Wei Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chi Lee
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Yu Chih Kung
- Master of Science Program in Health Care, Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Neipu Township, Republic of China
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Neipu Township, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Ying Hung
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Kay L. H. Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan Republic of China
- Department of Senior Citizen Services, National Tainan Institute of Nursing, Tainan, 700 Taiwan Republic of China
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da Silva Sergio LP, Mencalha AL, de Souza da Fonseca A, de Paoli F. DNA repair and genomic stability in lungs affected by acute injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 119:109412. [PMID: 31514069 PMCID: PMC9170240 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pulmonary injury, or acute respiratory distress syndrome, has a high incidence in elderly individuals and high mortality in its most severe degree, becoming a challenge to public health due to pathophysiological complications and increased economic burden. Acute pulmonary injury can develop from sepsis, septic shock, and pancreatitis causing reduction of alveolar airspace due to hyperinflammatory response. Oxidative stress acts directly on the maintenance of inflammation, resulting in tissue injury, as well as inducing DNA damages. Once the DNA is damaged, enzymatic DNA repair mechanisms act on lesions in order to maintain genomic stability and, consequently, contribute to cell viability and homeostasis. Although palliative treatment based on mechanical ventilation and antibiotic using have a kind of efficacy, therapies based on modulation of DNA repair and genomic stability could be effective for improving repair and recovery of lung tissue in patients with acute pulmonary injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Philippe da Silva Sergio
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 87, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20551030, Brazil.
| | - Andre Luiz Mencalha
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 87, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20551030, Brazil
| | - Adenilson de Souza da Fonseca
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 87, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20551030, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Frei Caneca, 94, Rio de Janeiro, 20211040, Brazil; Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos, Avenida Alberto Torres, 111, Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro, 25964004, Brazil
| | - Flavia de Paoli
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer - s/n, Campus Universitário, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36036900, Brazil
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131
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Bernal M, Yang X, Lisby M, Mazón G. The FANCM family Mph1 helicase localizes to the mitochondria and contributes to mtDNA stability. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 82:102684. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Boucherat O, Peterlini T, Bourgeois A, Nadeau V, Breuils-Bonnet S, Boilet-Molez S, Potus F, Meloche J, Chabot S, Lambert C, Tremblay E, Chae YC, Altieri DC, Sutendra G, Michelakis ED, Paulin R, Provencher S, Bonnet S. Mitochondrial HSP90 Accumulation Promotes Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 198:90-103. [PMID: 29394093 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201708-1751oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a vascular remodeling disease with a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Although the mechanisms contributing to vascular remodeling in PAH are still unclear, several features, including hyperproliferation and resistance to apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), have led to the emergence of the cancer-like concept. The molecular chaperone HSP90 (heat shock protein 90) is directly associated with malignant growth and proliferation under stress conditions. In addition to being highly expressed in the cytosol, HSP90 exists in a subcellular pool compartmentalized in the mitochondria (mtHSP90) of tumor cells, but not in normal cells, where it promotes cell survival. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that mtHSP90 in PAH-PASMCs represents a protective mechanism against stress, promoting their proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. METHODS Expression and localization of HSP90 were analyzed by Western blot, immunofluorescence, and immunogold electron microscopy. In vitro, effects of mtHSP90 inhibition on mitochondrial DNA integrity, bioenergetics, cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis were assessed. In vivo, the therapeutic potential of Gamitrinib, a mitochondria-targeted HSP90 inhibitor, was tested in fawn-hooded and monocrotaline rats. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We demonstrated that, in response to stress, HSP90 preferentially accumulates in PAH-PASMC mitochondria (dual immunostaining, immunoblot, and immunogold electron microscopy) to ensure cell survival by preserving mitochondrial DNA integrity and bioenergetic functions. Whereas cytosolic HSP90 inhibition displays a lack of absolute specificity for PAH-PASMCs, Gamitrinib decreased mitochondrial DNA content and repair capacity and bioenergetic functions, thus repressing PAH-PASMC proliferation (Ki67 labeling) and resistance to apoptosis (Annexin V assay) without affecting control cells. In vivo, Gamitrinib improves PAH in two experimental rat models (monocrotaline and fawn-hooded rat). CONCLUSIONS Our data show for the first time that accumulation of mtHSP90 is a feature of PAH-PASMCs and a key regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis contributing to vascular remodeling in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Boucherat
- 1 Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Thibaut Peterlini
- 1 Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Alice Bourgeois
- 1 Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Valérie Nadeau
- 1 Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Sandra Breuils-Bonnet
- 1 Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Boilet-Molez
- 1 Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - François Potus
- 1 Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jolyane Meloche
- 1 Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Sophie Chabot
- 1 Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Caroline Lambert
- 1 Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Eve Tremblay
- 1 Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Young Chan Chae
- 2 Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Dario C Altieri
- 2 Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Gopinath Sutendra
- 3 Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Roxane Paulin
- 1 Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Steeve Provencher
- 1 Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- 1 Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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Abstract
Over the last decade, several theoretical models have been put forth to describe how animals respond to adverse environments and how this response changes under different physiological demands across life history stages. These models capture the context- and condition-dependent nature of stress responses. Yet, application of the models has been limited thus far in part because each model addresses different aspects of the problems facing the field of stress biology. Thus, there is a need for a unifying theoretical model that incorporates changes in physiological demand with life history stages and age, intricate relationships among physiological systems, and biphasic nature of stress responses. Here, I propose a new integrative framework, the Damage-Fitness Model. In this model, regulators, such as DNA repair mechanisms and glucocorticoids, work together as anti-damage mechanisms to minimize damage at both the cellular and organismal level. When the anti-damage regulators are insufficient or inappropriate, persistent damage accumulates. Previous studies indicate that these damage directly impact reproductive performance, disease risk, and survival. The types of regulators, the threshold at which they are initiated, and the magnitude of the responses are shaped by developmental and current environments. This model unites existing theoretical models by shifting our focus from physiological responses to downstream consequences of the stress responses, circumventing context specificity. Discussions include (1) how the proposed model relates to existing models, (2) steps to test the new model, and (3) how this model can be used to better assess the health of individuals and a population. Lay summary The field of stress physiology faces a challenge of characterizing dynamic cellular, physiological, and behavioral responses when animals encounter a stressor. This paper proposes a new theoretical model which links stress avoidance, damage repair and accumulation, and fitness components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Wada
- a Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University , Auburn , AL , USA
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134
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Andreazza S, Samstag CL, Sanchez-Martinez A, Fernandez-Vizarra E, Gomez-Duran A, Lee JJ, Tufi R, Hipp MJ, Schmidt EK, Nicholls TJ, Gammage PA, Chinnery PF, Minczuk M, Pallanck LJ, Kennedy SR, Whitworth AJ. Mitochondrially-targeted APOBEC1 is a potent mtDNA mutator affecting mitochondrial function and organismal fitness in Drosophila. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3280. [PMID: 31337756 PMCID: PMC6650417 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10857-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations in the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) have been linked to multiple disease conditions and to ageing itself. In Drosophila, knock-in of a proofreading deficient mtDNA polymerase (POLG) generates high levels of somatic point mutations and also small indels, but surprisingly limited impact on organismal longevity or fitness. Here we describe a new mtDNA mutator model based on a mitochondrially-targeted cytidine deaminase, APOBEC1. mito-APOBEC1 acts as a potent mutagen which exclusively induces C:G>T:A transitions with no indels or mtDNA depletion. In these flies, the presence of multiple non-synonymous substitutions, even at modest heteroplasmy, disrupts mitochondrial function and dramatically impacts organismal fitness. A detailed analysis of the mutation profile in the POLG and mito-APOBEC1 models reveals that mutation type (quality) rather than quantity is a critical factor in impacting organismal fitness. The specificity for transition mutations and the severe phenotypes make mito-APOBEC1 an excellent mtDNA mutator model for ageing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Andreazza
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Colby L Samstag
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Alvaro Sanchez-Martinez
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Erika Fernandez-Vizarra
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Aurora Gomez-Duran
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Juliette J Lee
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Roberta Tufi
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Michael J Hipp
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | | | - Thomas J Nicholls
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Payam A Gammage
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Patrick F Chinnery
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Michal Minczuk
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Leo J Pallanck
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Scott R Kennedy
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Alexander J Whitworth
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
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Abstract
Replication stalling has been associated with the formation of pathological mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) rearrangements. Yet, almost nothing is known about the fate of stalled replication intermediates in mitochondria. We show here that replication stalling in mitochondria leads to replication fork regression and mtDNA double-strand breaks. The resulting mtDNA fragments are normally degraded by a mechanism involving the mitochondrial exonuclease MGME1, and the loss of this enzyme results in accumulation of linear and recombining mtDNA species. Additionally, replication stress promotes the initiation of alternative replication origins as an apparent means of rescue by fork convergence. Besides demonstrating an interplay between two major mechanisms rescuing stalled replication forks – mtDNA degradation and homology-dependent repair – our data provide evidence that mitochondria employ similar mechanisms to cope with replication stress as known from other genetic systems.
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136
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Ferrando B, Furlanetto ALDM, Gredilla R, Havelund JF, Hebelstrup KH, Møller IM, Stevnsner T. DNA repair in plant mitochondria - a complete base excision repair pathway in potato tuber mitochondria. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:494-512. [PMID: 30035320 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are one of the major sites of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the plant cell. ROS can damage DNA, and this damage is in many organisms mainly repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathway. We know very little about DNA repair in plants especially in the mitochondria. Combining proteomics, bioinformatics, western blot and enzyme assays, we here demonstrate that the complete BER pathway is found in mitochondria isolated from potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers. The enzyme activities of three DNA glycosylases and an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease (APE) were characterized with respect to Mg2+ dependence and, in the case of the APE, temperature sensitivity. Evidence for the presence of the DNA polymerase and the DNA ligase, which complete the repair pathway by replacing the excised base and closing the gap, was also obtained. We tested the effect of oxidative stress on the mitochondrial BER pathway by incubating potato tubers under hypoxia. Protein carbonylation increased significantly in hypoxic tuber mitochondria indicative of increased oxidative stress. The activity of two BER enzymes increased significantly in response to this oxidative stress consistent with the role of the BER pathway in the repair of oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Ferrando
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ana L D M Furlanetto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life sciences Sector, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-990, Curitiba, Puerto Rico, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Gredilla
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesper F Havelund
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kim H Hebelstrup
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Ian M Møller
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Tinna Stevnsner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark
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137
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Bermúdez-Guzmán L, Leal A. DNA repair deficiency in neuropathogenesis: when all roads lead to mitochondria. Transl Neurodegener 2019; 8:14. [PMID: 31110700 PMCID: PMC6511134 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-019-0156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in DNA repair enzymes can cause two neurological clinical manifestations: a developmental impairment and a degenerative disease. Polynucleotide kinase 3'-phosphatase (PNKP) is an enzyme that is actively involved in DNA repair in both single and double strand break repair systems. Mutations in this protein or others in the same pathway are responsible for a complex group of diseases with a broad clinical spectrum. Besides, mitochondrial dysfunction also has been consolidated as a hallmark of brain degeneration. Here we provide evidence that supports a shared role between mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA repair defects in the pathogenesis of the nervous system. As models, we analyze PNKP-related disorders, focusing on Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and ataxia. A better understanding of the molecular dynamics of this relationship could provide improved diagnosis and treatment for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Bermúdez-Guzmán
- Section of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Biology, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501 Costa Rica
| | - Alejandro Leal
- Section of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Biology, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501 Costa Rica
- Neuroscience Research Center, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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138
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Abstract
Aging is accompanied by a time-dependent progressive deterioration of multiple factors of the cellular system. The past several decades have witnessed major leaps in our understanding of the biological mechanisms of aging using dietary, genetic, pharmacological, and physical interventions. Metabolic processes, including nutrient sensing pathways and mitochondrial function, have emerged as prominent regulators of aging. Mitochondria have been considered to play a key role largely due to their production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in DNA damage that accumulates over time and ultimately causes cellular failure. This theory, known as the mitochondrial free radical theory of aging (MFRTA), was favored by the aging field, but increasing inconsistent evidence has led to criticism and rejection of this idea. However, MFRTA should not be hastily rejected in its entirety because we now understand that ROS is not simply an undesired toxic metabolic byproduct, but also an important signaling molecule that is vital to cellular fitness. Notably, mitochondrial function, a term traditionally referred to bioenergetics and apoptosis, has since expanded considerably. It encompasses numerous other key biological processes, including the following: (i) complex metabolic processes, (ii) intracellular and endocrine signaling/communication, and (iii) immunity/inflammation. Here, we will discuss shortcomings of previous concepts regarding mitochondria in aging and their emerging roles based on recent advances. We will also discuss how the mitochondrial genome integrates with major theories on the evolution of aging. [BMB Reports 2019; 52(1): 13-23].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyung Mean Son
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Changhan Lee
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089; USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
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139
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Kupsco A, Sanchez-Guerra M, Amarasiriwardena C, Brennan KJM, Estrada-Gutierrez G, Svensson K, Schnaas L, Pantic I, Téllez-Rojo MM, Baccarelli AA, Wright RO. Prenatal manganese and cord blood mitochondrial DNA copy number: Effect modification by maternal anemic status. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:484-493. [PMID: 30849576 PMCID: PMC6471611 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient but also a toxicant at high exposures, when it can induce oxidative stress (OS). Mn uptake is inversely correlated with iron status, therefore anemic individuals may be more susceptible to Mn overload induced-OS, which can manifest as changes in mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA CN). Our objectives were to: 1) determine stage-specific associations of prenatal Mn exposure with cord blood MtDNA CN; and 2) investigate effect modification by maternal anemia, ferritin, and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured whole blood Mn, hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and MCV in the 2nd and 3rd trimester, in maternal blood at birth, and in cord blood from a prospective birth cohort in Mexico City, Mexico (n = 485). We then extracted DNA from cord blood leukocytes to determine mtDNA CN. We used robust regression to measure associations between Mn and mtDNA CN at each trimester and at birth. Anemia (hemoglobin ≤11 g/dL), iron deficiency (ferritin ≤15 ng/mL) and MCV (stratified at median), were examined as effect modifiers. RESULTS Mn levels increased throughout pregnancy, and Mn was inversely correlated with ferritin. We observed a positive association between Mn in the 3rd trimester and Mn in cord blood and mtDNA CN (β = 0.04-0.05; 95% CI = 0.01, 0.08). Anemia significantly modified the association between mtDNA CN and Mn in the 2nd trimester. We found a positive association between 2nd trimester Mn and mtDNA CN in mothers with normal hemoglobin, and a negative association in those with low hemoglobin. (βhigh = 0.06; 95% CI = 0.01, 0.11; p = 0.01 and βlow = -0.06; 95% CI = 0.03, -0.13; p = 0.06). No associations were detected between anemia, iron deficiency and MCV and mtDNA CN. CONCLUSIONS Maternal blood Mn in the 3rd trimester and in cord blood was positively associated with mtDNA CN, suggesting that higher late pregnancy prenatal Mn exposures can impact newborn mitochondria by promoting OS. Furthermore, 2nd trimester Mn was positively associated with mtDNA in non-anemic mother-child pairs but inversely associated in anemic individuals, indicating potential interactions between Mn and chronic anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Kupsco
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | - Chitra Amarasiriwardena
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kasey J M Brennan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Katherine Svensson
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ivan Pantic
- National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha María Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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140
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Sanchez-Guerra M, Peng C, Trevisi L, Cardenas A, Wilson A, Osorio-Yáñez C, Niedzwiecki MM, Zhong J, Svensson K, Acevedo MT, Solano-Gonzalez M, Amarasiriwardena CJ, Estrada-Gutierrez G, Brennan KJM, Schnaas L, Just AC, Laue HE, Wright RJ, Téllez-Rojo MM, Wright RO, Baccarelli AA. Altered cord blood mitochondrial DNA content and pregnancy lead exposure in the PROGRESS cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 125:437-444. [PMID: 30753999 PMCID: PMC6391888 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lead (Pb) crosses the placenta and can cause oxidative stress, reduced fetal growth and neurological problems. The principal source of oxidative stress in human cells is mitochondria. Therefore, disruption of normal mitochondrial function during pregnancy may represent a primary mechanism behind the adverse effects of lead. We sought to assess the association of Pb exposure during pregnancy with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, a sensitive marker of mitochondrial function, in cord blood. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study comprised mother-infant pairs from the Programming Research in Obesity, Growth, Environment and Social Stressors (PROGRESS) study, a prospective birth-cohort that enrolled 1050 pregnant women from Mexico City who were receiving prenatal care between December 2007 and July 2011. Quantitative PCR was used to calculate relative MtDNA content (mitochondrial-to-nuclear DNA ratio (mtDNA/nDNA)) in cord blood. Lead concentrations in both maternal blood (2nd and 3rd trimester and at delivery day) and in cord blood were measured by ICP-MS. Multivariable regression models adjusting for multiple confounders were fitted with 410 mother-infant pairs for whom complete data for mtDNA content, lead levels, and covariates were available. RESULTS Maternal blood Pb measured in the second (mean 3.79 μg/dL, SD 2.63; β = 0.059, 95% CI 0.008, 0.111) and third trimester (mean 3.90 μg/dL; SD 2.84; β = 0.054, 95% CI 0.002, 0.107) during pregnancy and PB in cord blood (mean 3.50 μg/dL, SD 2.59; β = 0.050, 95% CI 0.004; 0.096) were associated with increased cord blood mtDNA content (mean 1.46, SD 0.44). In two-way interaction analyses, cord blood Pb marginally interacted with gestational age leading to an increase in mtDNA content for pre-term births (Benjamini-Hochberg False Discovery Rate correction; BH-FDR = 0.08). CONCLUSION This study shows that lead exposure in pregnancy alters mtDNA content in cord blood; therefore, alteration of mtDNA content might be a mechanism underlying the toxicity of lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sanchez-Guerra
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Perinatology, Montes Urales 800, Lomas Virreyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico.
| | - Cheng Peng
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Letizia Trevisi
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim HealthCare Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ander Wilson
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Citlalli Osorio-Yáñez
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Megan M Niedzwiecki
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jia Zhong
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine Svensson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Acevedo
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Perinatology, Montes Urales 800, Lomas Virreyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Maritsa Solano-Gonzalez
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Guadalupe Estrada-Gutierrez
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Perinatology, Montes Urales 800, Lomas Virreyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Kasey J M Brennan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lourdes Schnaas
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Perinatology, Montes Urales 800, Lomas Virreyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Allan C Just
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hannah E Laue
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rosalind J Wright
- Kravis Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martha Maria Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
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Cao JJ, Zheng Y, Wu XW, Tan CP, Chen MH, Wu N, Ji LN, Mao ZW. Anticancer Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes with Planar Ligands: Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Metabolism Disturbance. J Med Chem 2019; 62:3311-3322. [PMID: 30816710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Emerging studies have shown that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a potential target for cancer therapy. Herein, six cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes Ir1-Ir6 containing a series of extended planar diimine ligands have been designed and assessed for their efficacy as anticancer agents. Ir1-Ir6 show much higher cytotoxicity than cisplatin and they can effectively localize to mitochondria. Among them, complexes Ir3 and Ir4 with dipyrido[3,2- a:2',3'- c]phenazine (dppz) ligands can bind to DNA tightly in vitro, intercalate to mtDNA in situ, and induce mtDNA damage. Ir3- and Ir4-impaired mitochondria exhibit decline of mitochondrial membrane potential, disability of adenosine triphosphate generation, disruption of mitochondrial energetic and metabolic status, which subsequently cause protective mitophagy, G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. In vivo antitumor evaluations also show that Ir4 can inhibit tumor xenograft growth effectively. Overall, our work proves that targeting the mitochondrial genome may present an effective strategy to develop metal-based anticancer agents to overcome cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Yue Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Xiao-Wen Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Cai-Ping Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Mu-He Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Na Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Liang-Nian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
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142
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Gu S, Yu P, Hu J, Liu Y, Li Z, Qian Y, Wang Y, Gou Y, Yang F. Mitochondria-localizing N-heterocyclic thiosemicarbazone copper complexes with good cytotoxicity and high antimetastatic activity. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 164:654-664. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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143
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Chocron ES, Munkácsy E, Pickering AM. Cause or casualty: The role of mitochondrial DNA in aging and age-associated disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:285-297. [PMID: 30419337 PMCID: PMC6310633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) represents a tiny fraction of the whole genome, comprising just 16.6 kilobases encoding 37 genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and the mitochondrial translation machinery. Despite its small size, much interest has developed in recent years regarding the role of mtDNA as a determinant of both aging and age-associated diseases. A number of studies have presented compelling evidence for key roles of mtDNA in age-related pathology, although many are correlative rather than demonstrating cause. In this review we will evaluate the evidence supporting and opposing a role for mtDNA in age-associated functional declines and diseases. We provide an overview of mtDNA biology, damage and repair as well as the influence of mitochondrial haplogroups, epigenetics and maternal inheritance in aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sandra Chocron
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA
| | - Erin Munkácsy
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA
| | - Andrew M Pickering
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA.
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144
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Mitochondrial DNA Integrity: Role in Health and Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020100. [PMID: 30700008 PMCID: PMC6406942 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As the primary cellular location for respiration and energy production, mitochondria serve in a critical capacity to the cell. Yet, by virtue of this very function of respiration, mitochondria are subject to constant oxidative stress that can damage one of the unique features of this organelle, its distinct genome. Damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and loss of mitochondrial genome integrity is increasingly understood to play a role in the development of both severe early-onset maladies and chronic age-related diseases. In this article, we review the processes by which mtDNA integrity is maintained, with an emphasis on the repair of oxidative DNA lesions, and the cellular consequences of diminished mitochondrial genome stability.
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145
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Cioffi F, Senese R, Petito G, Lasala P, de Lange P, Silvestri E, Lombardi A, Moreno M, Goglia F, Lanni A. Both 3,3',5-triiodothyronine and 3,5-diodo-L-thyronine Are Able to Repair Mitochondrial DNA Damage but by Different Mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:216. [PMID: 31024454 PMCID: PMC6465950 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine (T2) and 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) on rat liver mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) oxidative damage and repair and to investigate their ability to induce protective effects against oxidative stress. Control rats, rats receiving a daily injection of T2 (N+T2) for 1 week and rats receiving a daily injection of T3 (N+T3) for 1 week, were used throughout the study. In the liver, mtDNA oxidative damage [by measuring mtDNA lesion frequency and expression of DNA polymerase γ (POLG)], mtDNA copy number, mitochondrial biogenesis [by measuring amplification of mtDNA/nDNA and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-alpha (PGC-1α)], and oxidative stress [by measuring serum levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)] were detected. T2 reduces mtDNA lesion frequency and increases the expression of POLG, and it does not change the mtDNA copy number, the expression of PGC-1α, or the serum levels of 8-OHdG. Therefore, T2, by stimulating the major mtDNA repair enzyme, maintains genomic integrity. Similar to T2, T3 decreases mtDNA lesion frequency but increases the serum levels of 8-OHdG, and it decreases the expression of POLG. Moreover, as expected, T3 increases the mtDNA copy number and the expression of PGC-1α. Thus, in T3-treated rats, the increase of 8-OHdG and the decrease of POLG indicate that there is increased oxidative damage and that the decreased mtDNA lesion frequency might be a consequence of increased mitochondrial biogenesis. These data demonstrate that both T2 and T3 are able to decrease in the liver mtDNA oxidative damage, but they act via different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cioffi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
- *Correspondence: Federica Cioffi
| | - Rosalba Senese
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Petito
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Pasquale Lasala
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Pieter de Lange
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Elena Silvestri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Assunta Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Moreno
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Fernando Goglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Antonia Lanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
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146
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Tan X, Zhou Y, Shen L, Jia H, Tan X. A mitochondria-targeted delivery system of doxorubicin and evodiamine for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. RSC Adv 2019; 9:37067-37078. [PMID: 35539080 PMCID: PMC9075594 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07096f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For mitochondria-targeted nano-drug delivery systems against cancer, effectively targeting and releasing the drug into mitochondria are the keys to improve the therapeutic effect. In this study, mitochondria-targeted and reduction-sensitive micelles were developed to co-deliver doxorubicin (DOX) and evodiamine (EVO) for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. After entering cancer cells, the micelles first targeted mitochondria through triphenylphosphonium cations. Then, the disulfide bonds of the micelles were cleaved by GSH, and both DOX and EVO were released near the mitochondria. The released EVO subsequently destroyed the mitochondrial membrane, resulting in a large amount of DOX entering the mitochondria and improving the anti-tumor effect of DOX. These mitochondria-targeted and reduction-sensitive micelles loaded with doxorubicin and evodiamine showed significant inhibition of the tumor cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. For mitochondria-targeted nano-drug delivery systems against cancer, effectively targeting and releasing the drug into mitochondria are the keys to improve the therapeutic effect.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Tan
- Chongqing Anti-tumor Natural Drug Engineering Technology Research Center
- Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College
- 404120 P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Zhou
- Chongqing Anti-tumor Natural Drug Engineering Technology Research Center
- Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College
- 404120 P. R. China
| | - Li Shen
- Chongqing Anti-tumor Natural Drug Engineering Technology Research Center
- Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College
- 404120 P. R. China
| | - Han Jia
- Chongqing Anti-tumor Natural Drug Engineering Technology Research Center
- Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College
- 404120 P. R. China
| | - Xiaorong Tan
- Chongqing Anti-tumor Natural Drug Engineering Technology Research Center
- Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College
- 404120 P. R. China
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147
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Cataractogenic load – A concept to study the contribution of ionizing radiation to accelerated aging in the eye lens. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 779:68-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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148
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Naeem MM, Sondheimer N. Heteroplasmy Shifting as Therapy for Mitochondrial Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1158:257-267. [PMID: 31452145 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8367-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disease can arise due to pathogenic sequence variants in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that prevent cells from meeting their energy demands. Mitochondrial diseases are often fatal and currently there are no treatments directed towards the underlying cause of disease. Pathogenic variants in mtDNA often exist in a state of heteroplasmy, with coexistence of pathogenic and wild type mtDNA. The load of heteroplasmy, defined as the relative amount of pathogenic mtDNA to wild type mtDNA, corresponds to timing and symptom severity. Thus, changing the heteroplasmy load may lead to a shift in disease onset and symptom severity. Here we review techniques aimed at preventing inheritance of pathogenic mtDNA via mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) and strategies geared toward shifting of heteroplasmy in individuals with active mitochondrial disease. MRT strategies seek to create embryos with the nuclear genetic makeup of the intended parents and wild type mtDNA from a donor in order to avoid known maternal pathogenic variants. Heteroplasmy shift approaches in patients are of two categories: nuclease dependent and nuclease independent strategies. Despite initial success in mouse models and patient cells, these techniques have not reached clinical use. Translational attempts in this area are urgently needed to improve therapies for a currently untreatable set of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansur M Naeem
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neal Sondheimer
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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149
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Zhao L. Mitochondrial DNA degradation: A quality control measure for mitochondrial genome maintenance and stress response. Enzymes 2019; 45:311-341. [PMID: 31627882 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in bioenergetics, and fulfill a plethora of functions in cell signaling, programmed cell death, and biosynthesis of key protein cofactors. Mitochondria harbor their own genomic DNA, which encodes protein subunits of the electron transport chain and a full set of transfer and ribosomal RNAs. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is essential for cellular and organismal functions, and defects in mitochondrial genome maintenance have been implicated in common human diseases and mitochondrial disorders. mtDNA repair and degradation are known pathways to cope with mtDNA damage; however, molecular factors involved in this process have remained unclear. Such knowledge is fundamental to the understanding of mitochondrial genomic maintenance and pathology, because mtDNA degradation may contribute to the etiology of mtDNA depletion syndromes and to the activation of the innate immune response by fragmented mtDNA. This article reviews the current literature regarding the importance of mitochondrial DNA degradation in mtDNA maintenance and stress response, and the recent progress in uncovering molecular factors involved in mtDNA degradation. These factors include key components of the mtDNA replication machinery, such as DNA polymerase γ, helicase Twinkle, and exonuclease MGME1, as well as a major DNA-packaging protein, mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States.
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150
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Mallick A, Nandi A, Basu S. Polyethylenimine Coated Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles for Targeting Mitochondria in Cancer Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 2:14-19. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhik Mallick
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Aditi Nandi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Sudipta Basu
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
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