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Abstract
O-GlcNAc is an intracellular posttranslational modification that governs myriad cell biological processes and is dysregulated in human diseases. Despite this broad pathophysiological significance, the biochemical effects of most O-GlcNAcylation events remain uncharacterized. One prevalent hypothesis is that O-GlcNAc moieties may be recognized by "reader" proteins to effect downstream signaling. However, no general O-GlcNAc readers have been identified, leaving a considerable gap in the field. To elucidate O-GlcNAc signaling mechanisms, we devised a biochemical screen for candidate O-GlcNAc reader proteins. We identified several human proteins, including 14-3-3 isoforms, that bind O-GlcNAc directly and selectively. We demonstrate that 14-3-3 proteins bind O-GlcNAc moieties in human cells, and we present the structures of 14-3-3β/α and γ bound to glycopeptides, providing biophysical insights into O-GlcNAc-mediated protein-protein interactions. Because 14-3-3 proteins also bind to phospho-serine and phospho-threonine, they may integrate information from O-GlcNAc and O-phosphate signaling pathways to regulate numerous physiological functions.
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102
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Li Y, Zhang D, Yu K, Hu Y, Wu Q, Qian F, Wang Z. CMPD1 inhibited human gastric cancer cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Biol Res 2018; 51:11. [PMID: 29661232 PMCID: PMC5901880 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-018-0159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer occupies the fourth highest morbidity rate of cancers worldwide. Clinical therapies of gastric cancer remain limited because of uncertainty of mechanisms and shortness of effective medicine. Thus, new drug candidates for gastric cancer treatment is urgently needed. Results In this study, CMPD1 as a wildly used MK2 phosphorylation inhibitor was employed to find its impact on gastric cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle using colony formation assay and flow cytometry analysis. Along with its anti-proliferation effect on gastric cancer cell line MKN-45 and SGC7901, CMPD1 also induced massive apoptosis and significant G2/M phase arrest in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner in MKN-45 cells respectively. Furthermore, Western blot confirmed that the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 was decreased while BAX, cytochrome c release and cleaved PARP were increased. In addition, oncogene c-Myc was downregulated in response to CMPD1 treatment. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that CMPD1 has anti-tumor effect on human gastric cancer cell line MKN-45 possibly via downregulating oncogene c-Myc expression and CMPD1 could be applied as a potential candidate for treating gastric malignancy. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report of anti-tumor effect of CMPD-1 on human gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233003, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Depeng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell, & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaikai Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell, & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudong Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell, & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233003, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Qian
- Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233003, Anhui, People's Republic of China. .,Engineering Research Center of Cell, & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zishu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, People's Republic of China. .,Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233003, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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103
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Fu J, Huang D, Yuan F, Xie N, Li Q, Sun X, Zhou X, Li G, Tong T, Zhang Y. TRAF-interacting protein with forkhead-associated domain (TIFA) transduces DNA damage-induced activation of NF-κB. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:7268-7280. [PMID: 29581234 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage-induced NF-κB activation and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines play crucial roles in carcinogenesis and cellular senescence. However, the underlying mechanisms, especially the initial sensors and transducers connecting the nuclear DNA damage signal with cytoplasmic NF-κB activation remain incompletely understood. Here, we report that TRAF-interacting protein with forkhead-associated domain (TIFA), an established NF-κB activator in the cytosol, unexpectedly exhibited nuclear translocation and accumulation on damaged chromatin following genotoxic stress. Accordingly, we also found that DNA damage-induced transcriptional activation and the resulting secretion of classic NF-κB targets, including interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, was greatly enhanced in TIFA-overexpressing cells compared with control cells. Mechanistically, DNA damage-induced TIFA phosphorylation at threonine 9 (pThr-9), and this phosphorylation event, involving the pThr-binding forkhead-associated domain, was crucial for its enrichment on damaged chromatin and subsequent NF-κB activation. Moreover, in conjunction with its partner protein, the E3 ligase TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), TIFA relayed the DNA damage signals by stimulating ubiquitination of NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO), whose sumoylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination were critical for NF-κB's response to DNA damage. Consistently, TRAF2 knockdown suppressed TIFA overexpression-enhanced NEMO ubiquitination under genotoxic stress, and a unphosphorylatable Thr-9-mutated TIFA variant had only minor effects on NEMO poly-ubiquitination. Finally, in agreement with the model of DNA damage-associated secretory senescence barrier against carcinogenesis, ectopic TIFA expression limited proliferation of multiple myeloma cancer cells. In conclusion our results indicate that TIFA functions as a key transducer in DNA damage-induced NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Fu
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Beijing 100191; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191
| | - Daoyuan Huang
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Beijing 100191; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191
| | - Fuwen Yuan
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Beijing 100191; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191
| | - Nan Xie
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Beijing 100191; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinpei Sun
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Beijing 100191; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191
| | - Xuehong Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191
| | - Guodong Li
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Beijing 100191; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191
| | - Tanjun Tong
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Beijing 100191; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Beijing 100191; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191.
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104
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Nasa I, Kettenbach AN. Coordination of Protein Kinase and Phosphoprotein Phosphatase Activities in Mitosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:30. [PMID: 29623276 PMCID: PMC5874294 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic changes in protein phosphorylation govern the transitions between different phases of the cell division cycle. A "tug of war" between highly conserved protein kinases and the family of phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPP) establishes the phosphorylation state of proteins, which controls their function. More than three-quarters of all proteins are phosphorylated at one or more sites in human cells, with the highest occupancy of phosphorylation sites seen in mitosis. Spatial and temporal regulation of opposing kinase and PPP activities is crucial for accurate execution of the mitotic program. The role of mitotic kinases has been the focus of many studies, while the contribution of PPPs was for a long time underappreciated and is just emerging. Misconceptions regarding the specificity and activity of protein phosphatases led to the belief that protein kinases are the primary determinants of mitotic regulation, leaving PPPs out of the limelight. Recent studies have shown that protein phosphatases are specific and selective enzymes, and that their activity is tightly regulated. In this review, we discuss the emerging roles of PPPs in mitosis and their regulation of and by mitotic kinases, as well as mechanisms that determine PPP substrate recognition and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Nasa
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Arminja N Kettenbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
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105
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Xie Y, Liu Y, Li Q, Chen J. Polo-like kinase 2 promotes chemoresistance and predicts limited survival benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1401-1414. [PMID: 29568868 PMCID: PMC5873899 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignances worldwide. Chemoresistance remains a major issue in the field of CRC treatment. The present study aimed to investigate the potential role of polo-like kinase 2 (Plk2) in chemoresistance in CRC. The associations between Plk2 and clinicopathological factors, as well as chemotherapeutic benefit were analyzed with a publicly available CRC dataset. The correlation between Plk2 expression and chemosensitivity was further confirmed in CRC cells. Moreover, knockdown and exogenous overexpression experiments of Plk2 were carried out to uncover the potential role of Plk2 in regulating the chemoresistance of CRC cells. We found that the expression of Plk2 was significantly associated with proximally located tumors. In addition, it was found that high expression ofPlk2 was associated with deficient mismatch repair status, B-raf serine/threonine kinase proto-oncogeneand Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog mutations. By contrast, tumor protein 53 mutation was correlated with a low expression level of Plk2. A higher expression level of Plk2 significantly predicted a poorer outcome in patients with CRC. However, the prognostic significance was only observed in patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy. In CRC cells, higher levels of Plk2 were associated with increased resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Knocking down the expression of Plk2 resulted in elevated cellular apoptosis induced by oxaliplatin. By contrast, exogenous overexpression of Plk2 exerted an anti-apoptotic effect and enhanced the resistance of CRC cells to chemotherapeutic agents. In conclusion, a high expression of Plk2 was associated with chemoresistant traits of CRC through inhibiting apoptosis. These results suggested that Plk2 may serve as a predictive marker for chemoresistance and a novel target in CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuquan Xie
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Jingmen City, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Jingmen City, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, P.R. China
| | - Qiubo Li
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Jingmen City, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Jingmen City, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, P.R. China
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106
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Chen X, Liu Z, Shan Z, Yao W, Gu A, Wen W. Structural determinants controlling 14-3-3 recruitment to the endocytic adaptor Numb and dissociation of the Numb·α-adaptin complex. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:4149-4158. [PMID: 29382713 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Traffic of cargo across membranes helps establish, maintain, and reorganize distinct cellular compartments and is fundamental to many metabolic processes. The cargo-selective endocytic adaptor Numb participates in clathrin-dependent endocytosis by attaching cargoes to the clathrin adaptor α-adaptin. The phosphorylation of Numb at Ser265 and Ser284 recruits the regulatory protein 14-3-3, accompanied by the dissociation of Numb from α-adaptin and Numb's translocation from the cortical membrane to the cytosol. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the Numb-α-adaptin interaction and its regulation by Numb phosphorylation and 14-3-3 recruitment remain poorly understood. Here, biochemical and structural analyses of the Numb·14-3-3 complex revealed that Numb phosphorylation at both Ser265 and Ser284 is required for Numb's efficient interaction with 14-3-3. We also discovered that an RQFRF motif surrounding Ser265 in Numb functions together with the canonical C-terminal DPF motif, required for Numb's interaction with α-adaptin, to form a stable complex with α-adaptin. Of note, we provide evidence that the phosphorylation-induced binding of 14-3-3 to Numb directly competes with the binding of α-adaptin to Numb. Our findings suggest a potential mechanism governing the dynamic assembly of Numb with α-adaptin or 14-3-3. This dual-site recognition of Numb by α-adaptin may have implications for other α-adaptin targets. We propose that the newly identified α-adaptin-binding site surrounding Ser265 in Numb functions as a triggering mechanism for the dynamic dissociation of the Numb·α-adaptin complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ziheng Liu
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zelin Shan
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weiyi Yao
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Aihong Gu
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenyu Wen
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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107
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Welcker D, Jain M, Khurshid S, Jokić M, Höhne M, Schmitt A, Frommolt P, Niessen CM, Spiro J, Persigehl T, Wittersheim M, Büttner R, Fanciulli M, Schermer B, Reinhardt HC, Benzing T, Höpker K. AATF suppresses apoptosis, promotes proliferation and is critical for Kras-driven lung cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:1503-1518. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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108
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Maniswami RR, Prashanth S, Karanth AV, Koushik S, Govindaraj H, Mullangi R, Rajagopal S, Jegatheesan SK. PLK4: a link between centriole biogenesis and cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 22:59-73. [PMID: 29171762 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1410140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polo like kinase (PLK) is known to play a pivotal role in various cell cycle processes to perpetuate proper division and growth of the cells. Polo like kinase-4 (PLK4) is one such kinase that appears in low abundance and plays a well-characterized role in centriole duplication. PLK4 deregulation (i.e. both overexpression and depletion of PLK4), leads to altered mitotic fidelity and thereby triggers tumorigenesis. Hence, over the last few years PLK4 has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of various advanced cancers. Areas covered: In this review, we discuss the basic structure, expression, localization and functions of PLK4 along with its regulation by various proteins. We also discuss the role of altered PLK4 activity in the onset of cancer and the current pre-clinical and clinical inhibitors to regulate PLK4. Expert opinion: PLK4 mediated centriole duplication has a crucial role in maintaining mitotic correctness in normal cells, while its deregulation has a greater impact on genesis of cancer. Henceforth, a deep knowledge of the PLK4 levels, its role and interactions with various proteins in cancer is required to design effective inhibitors for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sindhu Koushik
- a Jubilant Biosys Ltd, Bioinformatics , Bangalore , India
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109
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Sluchanko NN. Association of Multiple Phosphorylated Proteins with the 14-3-3 Regulatory Hubs: Problems and Perspectives. J Mol Biol 2017; 430:20-26. [PMID: 29180038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are well-known universal regulators binding a vast number of partners by recognizing their phosphorylated motifs, typically located within the intrinsically disordered regions. The abundance of such phosphomotifs ensures the involvement of 14-3-3 proteins in sophisticated protein-protein interaction networks that govern vital cellular processes. Thousands of 14-3-3 partners have been either experimentally identified or predicted, but the spatiotemporal hierarchy of the processes based on 14-3-3 interactions is not clearly understood. This is exacerbated by the lack of available structural information on full regulatory complexes involving 14-3-3, which resist high-resolution structural studies due to the presence of intrinsically disordered regions. Although deducing three-dimensional structures is of particular urgency, structural advances are lagging behind the rate at which novel 14-3-3 partners are discovered. Here I attempted to critically review the current state of the field and in particular to dissect the unknowns, focusing on questions that could help in moving the frontiers forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai N Sluchanko
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation; Department of Biophysics, School of Biology, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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110
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Tarbet HJ, Toleman CA, Boyce M. A Sweet Embrace: Control of Protein-Protein Interactions by O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine. Biochemistry 2017; 57:13-21. [PMID: 29099585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a critical post-translational modification (PTM) of thousands of intracellular proteins. Reversible O-GlcNAcylation governs many aspects of cell physiology and is dysregulated in numerous human diseases. Despite this broad pathophysiological significance, major aspects of O-GlcNAc signaling remain poorly understood, including the biochemical mechanisms through which O-GlcNAc transduces information. Recent work from many laboratories, including our own, has revealed that O-GlcNAc, like other intracellular PTMs, can control its substrates' functions by inhibiting or inducing protein-protein interactions. This dynamic regulation of multiprotein complexes exerts diverse downstream signaling effects in a range of processes, cell types, and organisms. Here, we review the literature about O-GlcNAc-regulated protein-protein interactions and suggest important questions for future studies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Tarbet
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Clifford A Toleman
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Michael Boyce
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
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111
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Doerr F, George J, Schmitt A, Beleggia F, Rehkämper T, Hermann S, Walter V, Weber JP, Thomas RK, Wittersheim M, Büttner R, Persigehl T, Reinhardt HC. Targeting a non-oncogene addiction to the ATR/CHK1 axis for the treatment of small cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15511. [PMID: 29138515 PMCID: PMC5686113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15840-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a difficult to treat subtype of lung cancer. One of the hallmarks of SCLC is its almost uniform chemotherapy sensitivity. However, chemotherapy response is typically transient and patients frequently succumb to SCLC within a year following diagnosis. We performed a transcriptome analysis of the major human lung cancer entities. We show a significant overexpression of genes involved in the DNA damage response, specifically in SCLC. Particularly CHEK1, which encodes for the cell cycle checkpoint kinase CHK1, is significantly overexpressed in SCLC, compared to lung adenocarcinoma. In line with uncontrolled cell cycle progression in SCLC, we find that CDC25A, B and C mRNAs are expressed at significantly higher levels in SCLC, compared to lung adenocarcinoma. We next profiled the efficacy of compounds targeting CHK1 and ATR. Both, ATR- and CHK1 inhibitors induce genotoxic damage and apoptosis in human and murine SCLC cell lines, but not in lung adenocarcinoma cells. We further demonstrate that murine SCLC tumors were highly sensitive to ATR- and CHK1 inhibitors, while Kras G12D -driven murine lung adenocarcinomas were resistant against these compounds and displayed continued growth under therapy. Altogether, our data indicate that SCLC displays an actionable dependence on ATR/CHK1-mediated cell cycle checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Doerr
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Julie George
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Schmitt
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Filippo Beleggia
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tim Rehkämper
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Hermann
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vonn Walter
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jean-Philip Weber
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roman K Thomas
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maike Wittersheim
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thorsten Persigehl
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - H Christian Reinhardt
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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112
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Multi-BRCT Domain Protein Brc1 Links Rhp18/Rad18 and γH2A To Maintain Genome Stability during S Phase. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00260-17. [PMID: 28784724 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00260-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA replication involves the inherent risk of genome instability, since replisomes invariably encounter DNA lesions or other structures that stall or collapse replication forks during the S phase. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the multi-BRCT domain protein Brc1, which is related to budding yeast Rtt107 and mammalian PTIP, plays an important role in maintaining genome integrity and cell viability when cells experience replication stress. The C-terminal pair of BRCT domains in Brc1 were previously shown to bind phosphohistone H2A (γH2A) formed by Rad3/ATR checkpoint kinase at DNA lesions; however, the putative scaffold interactions involving the N-terminal BRCT domains 1 to 4 of Brc1 have remained obscure. Here, we show that these domains bind Rhp18/Rad18, which is an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase that has crucial functions in postreplication repair. A missense allele in BRCT domain 4 of Brc1 disrupts binding to Rhp18 and causes sensitivity to replication stress. Brc1 binding to Rhp18 and γH2A are required for the Brc1 overexpression suppression of smc6-74, a mutation that impairs the Smc5/6 structural maintenance of chromosomes complex required for chromosome integrity and repair of collapsed replication forks. From these findings, we propose that Brc1 provides scaffolding functions linking γH2A, Rhp18, and Smc5/6 complex at damaged replication forks.
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113
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Linder MI, Köhler M, Boersema P, Weberruss M, Wandke C, Marino J, Ashiono C, Picotti P, Antonin W, Kutay U. Mitotic Disassembly of Nuclear Pore Complexes Involves CDK1- and PLK1-Mediated Phosphorylation of Key Interconnecting Nucleoporins. Dev Cell 2017; 43:141-156.e7. [PMID: 29065306 PMCID: PMC5654724 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
During interphase, the nuclear envelope (NE) serves as a selective barrier between cytosol and nucleoplasm. When vertebrate cells enter mitosis, the NE is dismantled in the process of nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD). Disassembly of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) is a key aspect of NEBD, required for NE permeabilization and formation of a cytoplasmic mitotic spindle. Here, we show that both CDK1 and polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) support mitotic NPC disintegration by hyperphosphorylation of Nup98, the gatekeeper nucleoporin, and Nup53, a central nucleoporin linking the inner NPC scaffold to the pore membrane. Multisite phosphorylation of Nup53 critically contributes to its liberation from its partner nucleoporins, including the pore membrane protein NDC1. Initial steps of NPC disassembly in semi-permeabilized cells can be reconstituted by a cocktail of mitotic kinases including cyclinB-CDK1, NIMA, and PLK1, suggesting that the unzipping of nucleoporin interactions by protein phosphorylation is an important principle underlying mitotic NE permeabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika I Linder
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mario Köhler
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul Boersema
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marion Weberruss
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Wandke
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joseph Marino
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Ashiono
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paola Picotti
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfram Antonin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kutay
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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114
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Sluchanko NN, Tugaeva KV, Greive SJ, Antson AA. Chimeric 14-3-3 proteins for unraveling interactions with intrinsically disordered partners. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12014. [PMID: 28931924 PMCID: PMC5607241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12214-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, several “hub” proteins integrate signals from different interacting partners that bind through intrinsically disordered regions. The 14-3-3 protein hub, which plays wide-ranging roles in cellular processes, has been linked to numerous human disorders and is a promising target for therapeutic intervention. Partner proteins usually bind via insertion of a phosphopeptide into an amphipathic groove of 14-3-3. Structural plasticity in the groove generates promiscuity allowing accommodation of hundreds of different partners. So far, accurate structural information has been derived for only a few 14-3-3 complexes with phosphopeptide-containing proteins and a variety of complexes with short synthetic peptides. To further advance structural studies, here we propose a novel approach based on fusing 14-3-3 proteins with the target partner peptide sequences. Such chimeric proteins are easy to design, express, purify and crystallize. Peptide attachment to the C terminus of 14-3-3 via an optimal linker allows its phosphorylation by protein kinase A during bacterial co-expression and subsequent binding at the amphipathic groove. Crystal structures of 14-3-3 chimeras with three different peptides provide detailed structural information on peptide-14-3-3 interactions. This simple but powerful approach, employing chimeric proteins, can reinvigorate studies of 14-3-3/phosphoprotein assemblies, including those with challenging low-affinity partners, and may facilitate the design of novel biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai N Sluchanko
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, Moscow, Russian Federation. .,Department of biophysics, School of Biology, Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Kristina V Tugaeva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Department of biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sandra J Greive
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Alfred A Antson
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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115
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Abstract
Dysregulation of cell cycle control is a hallmark of melanomagenesis. Agents targeting the G1-S and G2-M checkpoints, as well as direct anti-mitotic agents, have all shown promising preclinical activity in melanoma. However, in vivo, standalone single agents targeting cell cycle regulation have only demonstrated modest efficacy in unselected patients. The advent of specific CDK 4/6 inhibitors targeting the G1-S transition, with an improved therapeutic index, is a significant step forward. Potential synergy exists with the combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors with existing therapies targeting the MAPK pathway, particularly in subsets of metastatic melanomas such as NRAS and BRAF mutants. This reviews summaries of the latest developments in both preclinical and clinical data with cell cycle-targeted therapies in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Grant McArthur
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia. .,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Oncogenic Signalling and Growth Control Program, East Melbourne, Australia. .,Translational Research Laboratory, Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Australia. .,Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A'Beckett Street, Melbourne, VIC, 8006, Australia.
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116
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Perkhofer L, Schmitt A, Romero Carrasco MC, Ihle M, Hampp S, Ruess DA, Hessmann E, Russell R, Lechel A, Azoitei N, Lin Q, Liebau S, Hohwieler M, Bohnenberger H, Lesina M, Algül H, Gieldon L, Schröck E, Gaedcke J, Wagner M, Wiesmüller L, Sipos B, Seufferlein T, Reinhardt HC, Frappart PO, Kleger A. ATM Deficiency Generating Genomic Instability Sensitizes Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells to Therapy-Induced DNA Damage. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5576-5590. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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117
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Lee JH, Kim MS, Yoo NJ, Lee SH. Frameshift mutation and loss of expression of PLK2 , a serine/threonine kinase-encoding gene, in colorectal cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 213:1019-1020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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118
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Knittel G, Rehkämper T, Korovkina D, Liedgens P, Fritz C, Torgovnick A, Al-Baldawi Y, Al-Maarri M, Cun Y, Fedorchenko O, Riabinska A, Beleggia F, Nguyen PH, Wunderlich FT, Ortmann M, Montesinos-Rongen M, Tausch E, Stilgenbauer S, P Frenzel L, Herling M, Herling C, Bahlo J, Hallek M, Peifer M, Buettner R, Persigehl T, Reinhardt HC. Two mouse models reveal an actionable PARP1 dependence in aggressive chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Nat Commun 2017; 8:153. [PMID: 28751718 PMCID: PMC5532225 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00210-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains an incurable disease. Two recurrent cytogenetic aberrations, namely del(17p), affecting TP53, and del(11q), affecting ATM, are associated with resistance against genotoxic chemotherapy (del17p) and poor outcome (del11q and del17p). Both del(17p) and del(11q) are also associated with inferior outcome to the novel targeted agents, such as the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib. Thus, even in the era of targeted therapies, CLL with alterations in the ATM/p53 pathway remains a clinical challenge. Here we generated two mouse models of Atm- and Trp53-deficient CLL. These animals display a significantly earlier disease onset and reduced overall survival, compared to controls. We employed these models in conjunction with transcriptome analyses following cyclophosphamide treatment to reveal that Atm deficiency is associated with an exquisite and genotype-specific sensitivity against PARP inhibition. Thus, we generate two aggressive CLL models and provide a preclinical rational for the use of PARP inhibitors in ATM-affected human CLL. ATM and TP53 mutations are associated with poor prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Here the authors generate mouse models of Tp53- and Atm-defective CLL mimicking the high-risk form of human disease and show that Atm-deficient CLL is sensitive to PARP1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gero Knittel
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany. .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany. .,Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.
| | - Tim Rehkämper
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Darya Korovkina
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Paul Liedgens
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Christian Fritz
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Alessandro Torgovnick
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Yussor Al-Baldawi
- Department of Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Mona Al-Maarri
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Yupeng Cun
- Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Oleg Fedorchenko
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Arina Riabinska
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Filippo Beleggia
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Phuong-Hien Nguyen
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | | | - Monika Ortmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | | | - Eugen Tausch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University, Ulm, 89070, Germany
| | | | - Lukas P Frenzel
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Marco Herling
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Carmen Herling
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Jasmin Bahlo
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Michael Hallek
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Martin Peifer
- Department of Translational Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Reinhard Buettner
- Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Thorsten Persigehl
- Department of Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - H Christian Reinhardt
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany. .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany. .,Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany. .,Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany.
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119
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The unconventional kinetoplastid kinetochore: from discovery toward functional understanding. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 44:1201-1217. [PMID: 27911702 PMCID: PMC5095916 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The kinetochore is the macromolecular protein complex that drives chromosome segregation in eukaryotes. Its most fundamental function is to connect centromeric DNA to dynamic spindle microtubules. Studies in popular model eukaryotes have shown that centromere protein (CENP)-A is critical for DNA-binding, whereas the Ndc80 complex is essential for microtubule-binding. Given their conservation in diverse eukaryotes, it was widely believed that all eukaryotes would utilize these components to make up a core of the kinetochore. However, a recent study identified an unconventional type of kinetochore in evolutionarily distant kinetoplastid species, showing that chromosome segregation can be achieved using a distinct set of proteins. Here, I review the discovery of the two kinetochore systems and discuss how their studies contribute to a better understanding of the eukaryotic chromosome segregation machinery.
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120
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Lucas X, Ciulli A. Recognition of substrate degrons by E3 ubiquitin ligases and modulation by small-molecule mimicry strategies. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2017; 44:101-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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121
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Yan J, Hedl M, Abraham C. An inflammatory bowel disease-risk variant in INAVA decreases pattern recognition receptor-induced outcomes. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:2192-2205. [PMID: 28436939 DOI: 10.1172/jci86282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by dysregulation in both cytokines and responses to intestinal microbes, and proper regulation of pattern recognition receptor (PRR) signaling is critical for intestinal immune homeostasis. Altered functions for the IBD risk locus containing rs7554511, which encompasses the C1orf106 gene (recently named INAVA), and roles for the protein encoded by the INAVA gene are unknown. Here, we investigated the role of INAVA and INAVA genotype in regulating PRR-initiated outcomes in primary human cells. Both peripheral and intestinal myeloid cells expressed INAVA. Upon PRR stimulation, INAVA was required for optimal MAPK and NF-κB activation, cytokine secretion, and intracellular bacterial clearance. INAVA recruited 14-3-3τ, thereby contributing to recruitment of a signaling complex that amplified downstream signals and cytokines. Further, INAVA enhanced bacterial clearance by regulating reactive oxygen, reactive nitrogen, and autophagy pathways. Macrophages from rs7554511 C risk carriers expressed lower levels of INAVA RNA and protein. Lower expression was attributed in part to decreased transcription mediated directly by the intronic region containing the rs7554511 C variant. In rs7554511 C risk carrier macrophages, lower INAVA expression led to decreased PRR-induced activation of MAPK and NF-κB pathways, cytokines, and bacterial clearance pathways. Thus, IBD-associated polymorphisms in INAVA modulate PRR-initiated signaling, cytokines, and intracellular bacterial clearance, likely contributing to intestinal immune homeostasis.
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122
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de Gooijer MC, van den Top A, Bockaj I, Beijnen JH, Würdinger T, van Tellingen O. The G2 checkpoint-a node-based molecular switch. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:439-455. [PMID: 28396830 PMCID: PMC5377395 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight regulation of the eukaryotic cell cycle is paramount to ensure genomic integrity throughout life. Cell cycle checkpoints are present in each phase of the cell cycle and prevent cell cycle progression when genomic integrity is compromised. The G2 checkpoint is an intricate signaling network that regulates the progression of G2 to mitosis (M). We propose here a node-based model of G2 checkpoint regulation, in which the action of the central CDK1-cyclin B1 node is determined by the concerted but opposing activities of the Wee1 and cell division control protein 25C (CDC25C) nodes. Phosphorylation of both Wee1 and CDC25C at specific sites determines their subcellular localization, driving them either toward activity within the nucleus or to the cytoplasm and subsequent ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. In turn, this subcellular balance of the Wee1 and CDC25C nodes is directed by the action of the PLK1 and CHK1 nodes via what we have termed the 'nuclear and cytoplasmic decision states' of Wee1 and CDC25C. The proposed node-based model provides an intelligible structure of the complex interactions that govern the decision to delay or continue G2/M progression. The model may also aid in predicting the effects of agents that target these G2 checkpoint nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. de Gooijer
- Division of Pharmacology/Mouse Cancer ClinicThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Arnout van den Top
- Division of Pharmacology/Mouse Cancer ClinicThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Irena Bockaj
- Division of Pharmacology/Mouse Cancer ClinicThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jos H. Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy and PharmacologyThe Netherlands Cancer Institute/Slotervaart HospitalAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Division of Drug ToxicologyFaculty of PharmacyUtrecht UniversityThe Netherlands
- Division of Biomedical AnalysisFaculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityThe Netherlands
| | - Thomas Würdinger
- Neuro‐oncology Research GroupDepartments of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Oncology/HematologyCancer Center AmsterdamVU University Medical CenterThe Netherlands
- Molecular Neurogenetics UnitDepartments of Neurology and RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Neuroscience ProgramHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Olaf van Tellingen
- Division of Pharmacology/Mouse Cancer ClinicThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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123
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ATM Deficiency Is Associated with Sensitivity to PARP1- and ATR Inhibitors in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2017; 77:3040-3056. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-3398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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124
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Bruinsma W, Aprelia M, García-Santisteban I, Kool J, Xu YJ, Medema RH. Inhibition of Polo-like kinase 1 during the DNA damage response is mediated through loss of Aurora A recruitment by Bora. Oncogene 2017; 36:1840-1848. [PMID: 27721411 PMCID: PMC5378932 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
When cells in G2 phase are challenged with DNA damage, several key mitotic regulators such as Cdk1/Cyclin B, Aurora A and Plk1 are inhibited to prevent entry into mitosis. Here we have studied how inhibition of Plk1 is established after DNA damage. Using a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensor for Plk1 activity, we show that inhibition of Plk1 after DNA damage occurs with relatively slow kinetics and is entirely dependent on loss of Plk1-T210 phosphorylation. As T210 is phosphorylated by the kinase Aurora A in conjunction with its co-factor Bora, we investigated how they are affected by DNA damage. Interestingly, we find that the interaction between Bora and Plk1 remains intact during the early phases of the DNA damage response (DDR), whereas Plk1 activity is already inhibited at this stage. Expression of an Aurora A mutant that is refractory to inhibition by the DDR failed to prevent inhibition of Plk1 and loss of T210 phosphorylation, suggesting that inhibition of Plk1 may be established by perturbing recruitment of Aurora A by Bora. Indeed, expression of a fusion in which Aurora A was directly coupled to Bora prevented DNA damage-induced inhibition of Plk1 activity, as well as inhibition of T210 phosphorylation. Taken together, these data demonstrate that DNA damage affects the function of Aurora A at multiple levels: both by direct inhibition of Aurora A activity, as well as by perturbing the interaction with its co-activator Bora. We propose that the DDR targets recruitment of Aurora A to the Plk1/Bora complex to prevent activation of Plk1 during DNA damage in G2.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bruinsma
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Center (CGC.nl), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Aprelia
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Center (CGC.nl), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - I García-Santisteban
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Center (CGC.nl), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - J Kool
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Y J Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R H Medema
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Center (CGC.nl), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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125
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J. Sherr
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm S-171 21, Sweden
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen DK 2100, Denmark
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126
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Fischer V, Wong M, Li FQ, Takemaru KI. Chibby1 knockdown promotes mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition-like changes. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:448-456. [PMID: 28107095 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1281478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chibby1 (Cby1) was originally isolated as a binding partner for β-catenin, a dual function protein in cell-cell adhesion and in canonical Wnt signaling. The canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway is dysregulated in various diseases including cancer, most notably of the gastrointestinal origin. To investigate the role of Cby1 in colorectal tumorigenesis, we generated stable Cby1-knockdown (KD) SW480 colon cancer cells. Unexpectedly, we found that Cby1 KD induces mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET)-like changes in SW480 as well as in HEK293 cells. Cby1-KD cells displayed a cuboidal epithelial morphology with tight cell-cell contacts. In Cby1-KD cells, the plasma membrane localization of E-cadherin and β-catenin was dramatically increased with formation of cortical actin rings, while the levels of the mesenchymal marker vimentin were decreased. Consistent with these changes, in wound healing assays, Cby1-KD cells exhibited epithelial cell-like properties as they migrated collectively as epithelial sheets. Furthermore, the anchorage-independent growth of Cby1-KD cells was reduced as determined by soft agar assays. These findings suggest that chronic Cby1 KD in colon cancer cells may counteract tumor progression by promoting the MET process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Fischer
- a Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , NY , USA
| | - Michael Wong
- b Department of Pharmacological Sciences , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , NY , USA
| | - Feng-Qian Li
- a Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , NY , USA.,b Department of Pharmacological Sciences , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , NY , USA
| | - Ken-Ichi Takemaru
- a Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , NY , USA.,b Department of Pharmacological Sciences , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , NY , USA
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127
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Konstantakou EG, Velentzas AD, Anagnostopoulos AK, Litou ZI, Konstandi OA, Giannopoulou AF, Anastasiadou E, Voutsinas GE, Tsangaris GT, Stravopodis DJ. Deep-proteome mapping of WM-266-4 human metastatic melanoma cells: From oncogenic addiction to druggable targets. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171512. [PMID: 28158294 PMCID: PMC5291375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a malignant tumor of skin melanocytes that are pigment-producing cells located in the basal layer (stratum basale) of epidermis. Accumulation of genetic mutations within their oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes compels melanocytes to aberrant proliferation and spread to distant organs of the body, thereby resulting in severe and/or lethal malignancy. Metastatic melanoma's heavy mutational load, molecular heterogeneity and resistance to therapy necessitate the development of novel biomarkers and drug-based protocols that target key proteins involved in perpetuation of the disease. To this direction, we have herein employed a nano liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS) proteomics technology to profile the deep-proteome landscape of WM-266-4 human metastatic melanoma cells. Our advanced melanoma-specific catalogue proved to contain 6,681 unique proteins, which likely constitute the hitherto largest single cell-line-derived proteomic collection of the disease. Through engagement of UNIPROT, DAVID, KEGG, PANTHER, INTACT, CYTOSCAPE, dbEMT and GAD bioinformatics resources, WM-266-4 melanoma proteins were categorized according to their sub-cellular compartmentalization, function and tumorigenicity, and successfully reassembled in molecular networks and interactomes. The obtained data dictate the presence of plastically inter-converted sub-populations of non-cancer and cancer stem cells, and also indicate the oncoproteomic resemblance of melanoma to glioma and lung cancer. Intriguingly, WM-266-4 cells seem to be subjected to both epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial (MET) programs, with 1433G and ADT3 proteins being identified in the EMT/MET molecular interface. Oncogenic addiction of WM-266-4 cells to autocrine/paracrine signaling of IL17-, DLL3-, FGF(2/13)- and OSTP-dependent sub-routines suggests their critical contribution to the metastatic melanoma chemotherapeutic refractoriness. Interestingly, the 1433G family member that is shared between the BRAF- and EMT/MET-specific interactomes likely emerges as a novel and promising druggable target for the malignancy. Derailed proliferation and metastatic capacity of WM-266-4 cells could also derive from their metabolic addiction to pathways associated with glutamate/ammonia, propanoate and sulfur homeostasis, whose successful targeting may prove beneficial for advanced melanoma-affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eumorphia G. Konstantakou
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanassios D. Velentzas
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios K. Anagnostopoulos
- Proteomics Core Facility, Systems Biology Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Zoi I. Litou
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ourania A. Konstandi
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini F. Giannopoulou
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ema Anastasiadou
- Basic Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerassimos E. Voutsinas
- Laboratory of Environmental Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens, Greece
| | - George Th. Tsangaris
- Proteomics Core Facility, Systems Biology Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios J. Stravopodis
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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128
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von Stechow L, Olsen JV. Proteomics insights into DNA damage response and translating this knowledge to clinical strategies. Proteomics 2017; 17:1600018. [PMID: 27682984 PMCID: PMC5333460 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Genomic instability is a critical driver in the process of cancer formation. At the same time, inducing DNA damage by irradiation or genotoxic compounds constitutes a key therapeutic strategy to kill fast-dividing cancer cells. Sensing of DNA lesions initiates a complex set of signalling pathways, collectively known as the DNA damage response (DDR). Deciphering DDR signalling pathways with high-throughput technologies could provide insights into oncogenic transformation, metastasis formation and therapy responses, and could build a basis for better therapeutic interventions in cancer treatment. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics emerged as a method of choice for global studies of proteins and their posttranslational modifications (PTMs). MS-based studies of the DDR have aided in delineating DNA damage-induced signalling responses. Those studies identified changes in abundance, interactions and modification of proteins in the context of genotoxic stress. Here we review ground-breaking MS-based proteomics studies, which analysed changes in protein abundance, protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions, phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitylation, SUMOylation and Poly(ADP-ribose)ylation (PARylation) in the DDR. Finally, we provide an outlook on how proteomics studies of the DDR could aid clinical developments on multiple levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise von Stechow
- Proteomics ProgramNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein ResearchFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jesper V. Olsen
- Proteomics ProgramNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein ResearchFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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129
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Senaratne AP, Drinnenberg IA. All that is old does not wither: Conservation of outer kinetochore proteins across all eukaryotes? J Cell Biol 2017; 216:291-293. [PMID: 28108523 PMCID: PMC5294794 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201701025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Senaratne and Drinnenberg discuss the potential universality of eukaryotic kinetochore proteins based on new work by D’Archivio and Wickstead. The kinetochore drives faithful chromosome segregation in all eukaryotes, yet the underlying machinery is diverse across species. D’Archivio and Wickstead (2017. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201608043) apply sensitive homology predictions to identify proteins in kinetoplastids with similarity to canonical outer kinetochore proteins, suggesting some degree of universality in the eukaryotic kinetochore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruni P Senaratne
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3664, F-75005 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre-and-Marie-Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Ines A Drinnenberg
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3664, F-75005 Paris, France
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130
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Proteomics Screen Identifies Class I Rab11 Family Interacting Proteins as Key Regulators of Cytokinesis. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00278-16. [PMID: 27872148 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00278-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The 14-3-3 protein family orchestrates a complex network of molecular interactions that regulates various biological processes. Owing to their role in regulating the cell cycle and protein trafficking, 14-3-3 proteins are prevalent in human diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegeneration. 14-3-3 proteins are expressed in all eukaryotic cells, suggesting that they mediate their biological functions through evolutionarily conserved protein interactions. To identify these core 14-3-3 client proteins, we used an affinity-based proteomics approach to characterize and compare the human and Drosophila 14-3-3 interactomes. Using this approach, we identified a group of Rab11 effector proteins, termed class I Rab11 family interacting proteins (Rab11-FIPs), or Rip11 in Drosophila We found that 14-3-3 binds to Rip11 in a phospho-dependent manner to ensure its proper subcellular distribution during cell division. Our results indicate that Rip11 plays an essential role in the regulation of cytokinesis and that this function requires its association with 14-3-3 but not with Rab11. Together, our results suggest an evolutionarily conserved role for 14-3-3 in controlling Rip11-dependent protein transport during cytokinesis.
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131
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Davey NE, Seo MH, Yadav VK, Jeon J, Nim S, Krystkowiak I, Blikstad C, Dong D, Markova N, Kim PM, Ivarsson Y. Discovery of short linear motif-mediated interactions through phage display of intrinsically disordered regions of the human proteome. FEBS J 2017; 284:485-498. [PMID: 28002650 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsically disordered regions of eukaryotic proteomes are enriched in short linear motifs (SLiMs), which are of crucial relevance for cellular signaling and protein regulation; many mediate interactions by providing binding sites for peptide-binding domains. The vast majority of SLiMs remain to be discovered highlighting the need for experimental methods for their large-scale identification. We present a novel proteomic peptide phage display (ProP-PD) library that displays peptides representing the disordered regions of the human proteome, allowing direct large-scale interrogation of most potential binding SLiMs in the proteome. The performance of the ProP-PD library was validated through selections against SLiM-binding bait domains with distinct folds and binding preferences. The vast majority of identified binding peptides contained sequences that matched the known SLiM-binding specificities of the bait proteins. For SHANK1 PDZ, we establish a novel consensus TxF motif for its non-C-terminal ligands. The binding peptides mostly represented novel target proteins, however, several previously validated protein-protein interactions (PPIs) were also discovered. We determined the affinities between the VHS domain of GGA1 and three identified ligands to 40-130 μm through isothermal titration calorimetry, and confirmed interactions through coimmunoprecipitation using full-length proteins. Taken together, we outline a general pipeline for the design and construction of ProP-PD libraries and the analysis of ProP-PD-derived, SLiM-based PPIs. We demonstrated the methods potential to identify low affinity motif-mediated interactions for modular domains with distinct binding preferences. The approach is a highly useful complement to the current toolbox of methods for PPI discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman E Davey
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Moon-Hyeong Seo
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Jouhyun Jeon
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Satra Nim
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Izabella Krystkowiak
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Debbie Dong
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Philip M Kim
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Ylva Ivarsson
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Sweden
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132
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Chen Y, Li Z, Dong Z, Beebe J, Yang K, Fu L, Zhang JT. 14-3-3σ Contributes to Radioresistance By Regulating DNA Repair and Cell Cycle via PARP1 and CHK2. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:418-428. [PMID: 28087741 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
14-3-3σ has been implicated in the development of chemo and radiation resistance and in poor prognosis of multiple human cancers. While it has been postulated that 14-3-3σ contributes to these resistances via inhibiting apoptosis and arresting cells in G2-M phase of the cell cycle, the molecular basis of this regulation is currently unknown. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that 14-3-3σ causes resistance to DNA-damaging treatments by enhancing DNA repair in cells arrested in G2-M phase following DNA-damaging treatments. We showed that 14-3-3σ contributed to ionizing radiation (IR) resistance by arresting cancer cells in G2-M phase following IR and by increasing non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair of the IR-induced DNA double strand breaks (DSB). The increased NHEJ repair activity was due to 14-3-3σ-mediated upregulation of PARP1 expression that promoted the recruitment of DNA-PKcs to the DNA damage sites for repair of DSBs. On the other hand, the increased G2-M arrest following IR was due to 14-3-3σ-induced Chk2 expression.Implications: These findings reveal an important molecular basis of 14-3-3σ function in cancer cell resistance to chemo/radiation therapy and in poor prognosis of human cancers. Mol Cancer Res; 15(4); 418-28. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chen
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaomin Li
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Zizheng Dong
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jenny Beebe
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ke Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwu Fu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ting Zhang
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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133
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Sluchanko NN, Gusev NB. Moonlighting chaperone‐like activity of the universal regulatory 14‐3‐3 proteins. FEBS J 2017; 284:1279-1295. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai N. Sluchanko
- Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry of Proteins A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Nikolai B. Gusev
- Department of Biochemistry School of Biology Moscow State University Russia
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134
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Ohkanda J. A Strategy of Designing Mid-sized Synthetic Molecules that Recognize Interfaces of Protein-protein Interactions. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2017. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.75.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Ohkanda
- Academic Assembly, Institute of Agriculture, Shinshu University
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135
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Zhang W, Ben-David M, Sidhu SS. Engineering cell signaling modulators from native protein-protein interactions. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2016; 45:25-35. [PMID: 27866084 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies on genome sequencing and genetic screens with RNAi and CRISPR technology have revolutionized our understanding of aberrant signaling networks in human diseases. A strategy combining both genetic and protein-based technologies should be at the heart of modern drug-development efforts, particularly in the era of precision medicine. Thus, there is an urgent need for efficient platforms to develop probes that can modulate protein function in cells to validate drug targets and to develop therapeutic leads. Advanced protein engineering has enabled the rapid production of monoclonal antibodies and small protein scaffold affinity reagents for diverse protein targets. Here, we review the most recent progress on engineering natural protein-protein interactions for modulation of cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S3E1, Canada
| | - Moshe Ben-David
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S3E1, Canada
| | - Sachdev S Sidhu
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S3E1, Canada.
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136
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Chroma K, Mistrik M, Moudry P, Gursky J, Liptay M, Strauss R, Skrott Z, Vrtel R, Bartkova J, Kramara J, Bartek J. Tumors overexpressing RNF168 show altered DNA repair and responses to genotoxic treatments, genomic instability and resistance to proteotoxic stress. Oncogene 2016; 36:2405-2422. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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137
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Kafle A, Puchadapirom P, Plumworasawat S, Dontumprai R, Chan-On W, Buates S, Laha T, Sripa B, Suttiprapa S. Identification and characterization of protein 14-3-3 in carcinogenic liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini. Parasitol Int 2016; 66:426-431. [PMID: 27989833 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Protein 14-3-3s are abundant phospho-serine/threonine binding proteins, which are highly conserved among eukaryotes. Members of this protein family mediate metabolism and signal transduction networks through binding to hundreds of other protein partners. Protein 14-3-3s have been studied in other species of parasitic helminthes, but little is known about this protein in the carcinogenic liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini. In this study, we identified and characterized protein 14-3-3s of O. viverrini. Seven protein 14-3-3 encoded sequences were retrieved from the O. viverrini genome database. Multiple alignment and phylogenetic analysis were performed. Two isoforms (protein 14-3-3 zeta and protein 14-3-3 epsilon) that have been previously found in the excretory-secretory (ES) products of O. viverrini were produced as recombinant protein in E. coli and the proteins were then used to immunize mice to obtain specific antibodies. Western blot analysis showed that both proteins were detected in all obtainable developmental stages of O. viverrini and the ES products. Immunolocalization revealed that both isoforms were expressed throughout tissues and organs except the gut epithelium. The highest expression was observed in testes especially in developing spermatocytes, suggesting their role in spermatogenesis. Prominent expression was also detected on tegumental surface of the parasite and on epical surface of bile duct epithelium indicates their additional role in host-parasite interaction. These findings indicate that protein 14-3-3s play important role in the life cycle of the parasite and might be involved in the pathogenesis of O. viverrini infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Kafle
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Rd., Phyathai, Rachthewee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pranom Puchadapirom
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Rd., Phyathai, Rachthewee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sirikanya Plumworasawat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Rd., Phyathai, Rachthewee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Rieofarng Dontumprai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Rd., Phyathai, Rachthewee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Waraporn Chan-On
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Sureemas Buates
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Rd., Phyathai, Rachthewee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Thewarach Laha
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sutas Suttiprapa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Rd., Phyathai, Rachthewee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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138
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Cuella-Martin R, Oliveira C, Lockstone HE, Snellenberg S, Grolmusova N, Chapman JR. 53BP1 Integrates DNA Repair and p53-Dependent Cell Fate Decisions via Distinct Mechanisms. Mol Cell 2016; 64:51-64. [PMID: 27546791 PMCID: PMC5065530 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein 53BP1, a pivotal regulator of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, was first identified as a p53-interacting protein over two decades ago. However, its direct contributions to p53-dependent cellular activities remain undefined. Here, we reveal that 53BP1 stimulates genome-wide p53-dependent gene transactivation and repression events in response to ionizing radiation (IR) and synthetic p53 activation. 53BP1-dependent p53 modulation requires both auto-oligomerization and tandem-BRCT domain-mediated bivalent interactions with p53 and the ubiquitin-specific protease USP28. Loss of these activities results in inefficient p53-dependent cell-cycle checkpoint and exit responses. Furthermore, we demonstrate 53BP1-USP28 cooperation to be essential for normal p53-promoter element interactions and gene transactivation-associated events, yet dispensable for 53BP1-dependent DSB repair regulation. Collectively, our data provide a mechanistic explanation for 53BP1-p53 cooperation in controlling anti-tumorigenic cell-fate decisions and reveal these activities to be distinct and separable from 53BP1's regulation of DNA double-strand break repair pathway choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Cuella-Martin
- Chromatin and Genome Integrity Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Catarina Oliveira
- Chromatin and Genome Integrity Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Helen E Lockstone
- Bioinformatics and Statistical Genetics Core, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Suzanne Snellenberg
- Chromatin and Genome Integrity Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Natalia Grolmusova
- Chromatin and Genome Integrity Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - J Ross Chapman
- Chromatin and Genome Integrity Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
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139
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Dual TORK/DNA-PK inhibition blocks critical signaling pathways in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2016; 128:574-83. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-02-700328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
TORK/DNA-PK inhibition induces cytotoxicity and blocks signaling pathways important for CLL survival, proliferation, and drug resistance. Preliminary clinical effects of TORK/DNA-PK inhibition show 7 of 8 CLL patients with decreased lymphadenopathy.
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140
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JNK Signaling: Regulation and Functions Based on Complex Protein-Protein Partnerships. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2016; 80:793-835. [PMID: 27466283 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00043-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), as members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, mediate eukaryotic cell responses to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stress insults. JNKs also regulate important physiological processes, including neuronal functions, immunological actions, and embryonic development, via their impact on gene expression, cytoskeletal protein dynamics, and cell death/survival pathways. Although the JNK pathway has been under study for >20 years, its complexity is still perplexing, with multiple protein partners of JNKs underlying the diversity of actions. Here we review the current knowledge of JNK structure and isoforms as well as the partnerships of JNKs with a range of intracellular proteins. Many of these proteins are direct substrates of the JNKs. We analyzed almost 100 of these target proteins in detail within a framework of their classification based on their regulation by JNKs. Examples of these JNK substrates include a diverse assortment of nuclear transcription factors (Jun, ATF2, Myc, Elk1), cytoplasmic proteins involved in cytoskeleton regulation (DCX, Tau, WDR62) or vesicular transport (JIP1, JIP3), cell membrane receptors (BMPR2), and mitochondrial proteins (Mcl1, Bim). In addition, because upstream signaling components impact JNK activity, we critically assessed the involvement of signaling scaffolds and the roles of feedback mechanisms in the JNK pathway. Despite a clarification of many regulatory events in JNK-dependent signaling during the past decade, many other structural and mechanistic insights are just beginning to be revealed. These advances open new opportunities to understand the role of JNK signaling in diverse physiological and pathophysiological states.
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141
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Zhu K, Shan Z, Zhang L, Wen W. Phospho-Pon Binding-Mediated Fine-Tuning of Plk1 Activity. Structure 2016; 24:1110-9. [PMID: 27238966 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In Drosophila neuroblasts (NBs), the asymmetrical localization and segregation of the cell-fate determinant Numb are regulated by its adaptor Partner of Numb (Pon) and the cell-cycle kinase Polo. Polo phosphorylates the Pon localization domain, thus leading to its basal distribution together with Numb, albeit through an unclear mechanism. Here, we find that Cdk1 phosphorylates Pon at Thr63, thus creating a docking site for the Polo-box domain (PBD) of Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1). The crystal structure of the Plk1 PBD/phospho-Pon complex reveals that two phospho-Pon bound PBDs associate to form a dimer of dimers. We provide evidence that phospho-Pon binding-induced PBD dimerization relieves the autoinhibition of Plk1. Moreover, we demonstrate that the priming Cdk1 phosphorylation of Pon is important for sequential Plk1 phosphorylation. Our results not only provide structural insight into how phosphoprotein binding activates Plk1 but also suggest that binding to different phosphoproteins might mediate the fine-tuning of Plk1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zelin Shan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wenyu Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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142
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White FM, Wolf-Yadlin A. Methods for the Analysis of Protein Phosphorylation-Mediated Cellular Signaling Networks. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2016; 9:295-315. [PMID: 27049636 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation-mediated cellular signaling networks regulate almost all aspects of cell biology, including the responses to cellular stimulation and environmental alterations. These networks are highly complex and comprise hundreds of proteins and potentially thousands of phosphorylation sites. Multiple analytical methods have been developed over the past several decades to identify proteins and protein phosphorylation sites regulating cellular signaling, and to quantify the dynamic response of these sites to different cellular stimulation. Here we provide an overview of these methods, including the fundamental principles governing each method, their relative strengths and weaknesses, and some examples of how each method has been applied to the analysis of complex signaling networks. When applied correctly, each of these techniques can provide insight into the topology, dynamics, and regulation of protein phosphorylation signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forest M White
- Department of Biological Engineering and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139;
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143
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Dummer AM, Su Z, Cherney R, Choi K, Denu J, Zhao X, Fox CA. Binding of the Fkh1 Forkhead Associated Domain to a Phosphopeptide within the Mph1 DNA Helicase Regulates Mating-Type Switching in Budding Yeast. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006094. [PMID: 27257873 PMCID: PMC4892509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fkh1 protein has roles in cell-cycle regulated transcription as well as a transcription-independent role in recombination donor preference during mating-type switching. The conserved FHA domain of Fkh1 regulates donor preference by juxtaposing two distant regions on chromosome III to promote their recombination. A model posits that this Fkh1-mediated long-range chromosomal juxtaposition requires an interaction between the FHA domain and a partner protein(s), but to date no relevant partner has been described. In this study, we used structural modeling, 2-hybrid assays, and mutational analyses to show that the predicted phosphothreonine-binding FHA domain of Fkh1 interacted with multiple partner proteins. The Fkh1 FHA domain was important for its role in cell-cycle regulation, but no single interaction partner could account for this role. In contrast, Fkh1’s interaction with the Mph1 DNA repair helicase regulated donor preference during mating-type switching. Using 2-hybrid assays, co-immunoprecipitation, and fluorescence anisotropy, we mapped a discrete peptide within the regulatory Mph1 C-terminus required for this interaction and identified two threonines that were particularly important. In vitro binding experiments indicated that at least one of these threonines had to be phosphorylated for efficient Fkh1 binding. Substitution of these two threonines with alanines (mph1-2TA) specifically abolished the Fkh1-Mph1 interaction in vivo and altered donor preference during mating-type switching to the same degree as mph1Δ. Notably, the mph1-2TA allele maintained other functions of Mph1 in genome stability. Deletion of a second Fkh1-interacting protein encoded by YMR144W also resulted in a change in Fkh1-FHA-dependent donor preference. We have named this gene FDO1 for Forkhead one interacting protein involved in donor preference. We conclude that a phosphothreonine-mediated protein-protein interface between Fkh1-FHA and Mph1 contributes to a specific long-range chromosomal interaction required for mating-type switching, but that Fkh1-FHA must also interact with several other proteins to achieve full functionality in this process. Specific chromosomal interactions between distal regions of the genome allow for DNA transactions necessary for normal cell function, but the protein-protein interfaces that regulate such interactions remain largely unknown. The budding yeast Fkh1 protein uses its evolutionarily conserved phosphothreonine-binding FHA domain to regulate a long-range DNA transaction called mating-type switching that allows yeast cells to switch their sexual phenotype. In this study, another conserved nuclear protein, the Mph1 DNA repair helicase, was shown to interact directly with the FHA domain of Fkh1 to regulate mating-type switching. The Fkh1-Mph1 interaction required two phosphorylated threonines on Mph1 that were dispensable for many other Mph1-protein interactions and other Mph1 chromosomal functions. Thus a discrete protein-protein interface between two multifunctional chromosomal proteins helps define a long-range chromosomal interaction important for controlling cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoinette M. Dummer
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Zhangli Su
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Rachel Cherney
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Koyi Choi
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - John Denu
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Xiaolan Zhao
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Catherine A. Fox
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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144
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Wei H, Yu X. Functions of PARylation in DNA Damage Repair Pathways. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2016; 14:131-139. [PMID: 27240471 PMCID: PMC4936651 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein poly ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) is a widespread post-translational modification at DNA lesions, which is catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). This modification regulates a number of biological processes including chromatin reorganization, DNA damage response (DDR), transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, and mitosis. PARP1, functioning as a DNA damage sensor, can be activated by DNA lesions, forming PAR chains that serve as a docking platform for DNA repair factors with high biochemical complexity. Here, we highlight molecular insights into PARylation recognition, the expanding role of PARylation in DDR pathways, and the functional interaction between PARylation and ubiquitination, which will offer us a better understanding of the biological roles of this unique post-translational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Wei
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, MOE Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiaochun Yu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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145
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Hergovich A. The Roles of NDR Protein Kinases in Hippo Signalling. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7050021. [PMID: 27213455 PMCID: PMC4880841 DOI: 10.3390/genes7050021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo tumour suppressor pathway has emerged as a critical regulator of tissue growth through controlling cellular processes such as cell proliferation, death, differentiation and stemness. Traditionally, the core cassette of the Hippo pathway includes the MST1/2 protein kinases, the LATS1/2 protein kinases, and the MOB1 scaffold signal transducer, which together regulate the transcriptional co-activator functions of the proto-oncoproteins YAP and TAZ through LATS1/2-mediated phosphorylation of YAP/TAZ. Recent research has identified additional kinases, such as NDR1/2 (also known as STK38/STK38L) and MAP4Ks, which should be considered as novel members of the Hippo core cassette. While these efforts helped to expand our understanding of Hippo core signalling, they also began to provide insights into the complexity and redundancy of the Hippo signalling network. Here, we focus on summarising our current knowledge of the regulation and functions of mammalian NDR kinases, discussing parallels between the NDR pathways in Drosophila and mammals. Initially, we provide a general overview of the cellular functions of NDR kinases in cell cycle progression, centrosome biology, apoptosis, autophagy, DNA damage signalling, immunology and neurobiology. Finally, we put particular emphasis on discussing NDR1/2 as YAP kinases downstream of MST1/2 and MOB1 signalling in Hippo signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hergovich
- Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O'Gorman building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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146
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Sinha S, Verma S, Chaturvedi MM. Differential Expression of SWI/SNF Chromatin Remodeler Subunits Brahma and Brahma-Related Gene During Drug-Induced Liver Injury and Regeneration in Mouse Model. DNA Cell Biol 2016; 35:373-84. [PMID: 27097303 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2015.3155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromatin remodeling activity of mammalian SWI/SNF complex is carried out by either Brahma (BRM) or Brahma-related gene (BRG-1). The BRG-1 regulates genes involved in cell proliferation, whereas BRM is associated with cell differentiation, and arrest of cell growth. Global modifications of histones and expression of genes of chromatin-remodeling subunits have not been studied in in vivo model systems. In the present study, we investigate epigenetic modifications of histones and the expression of genes in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver injury and regeneration in a mouse model. In the present study, we report that hepatocyte proliferation and H3S10 phosphorylation occur during 60 to 72 h post TAA treatment in mice. Furthermore, there was change in the H3K9 acetylation and H3K9 trimethylation pattern with respect to liver injury and regeneration phase. Looking into the expression pattern of Brg-1 and Brm, it is evident that they contribute substantially to the process of liver regeneration. The SWI/SNF remodeler might contain BRG-1 as its ATPase subunit during injury phase. Whereas, BRM-associated SWI/SNF remodeler might probably be predominant during decline of injury phase and initiation of regeneration phase. Furthermore, during the regeneration phase, BRG-1-containing remodeler again predominates. Considering all these observations, the present study depicts an interplay between chromatin interacting machineries in different phases of thioacetamide-induced liver injury and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Sinha
- 1 Laboratory for Chromatin Biology, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi , New Delhi, India
| | - Sudhir Verma
- 1 Laboratory for Chromatin Biology, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi , New Delhi, India
| | - Madan M Chaturvedi
- 1 Laboratory for Chromatin Biology, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi , New Delhi, India .,2 Cluster Innovation Center, Delhi University , Delhi, India
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147
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Sirota FL, Maurer-Stroh S, Eisenhaber B, Eisenhaber F. Single-residue posttranslational modification sites at the N-terminus, C-terminus or in-between: To be or not to be exposed for enzyme access. Proteomics 2016; 15:2525-46. [PMID: 26038108 PMCID: PMC4745020 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Many protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are the result of an enzymatic reaction. The modifying enzyme has to recognize the substrate protein's sequence motif containing the residue(s) to be modified; thus, the enzyme's catalytic cleft engulfs these residue(s) and the respective sequence environment. This residue accessibility condition principally limits the range where enzymatic PTMs can occur in the protein sequence. Non‐globular, flexible, intrinsically disordered segments or large loops/accessible long side chains should be preferred whereas residues buried in the core of structures should be void of what we call canonical, enzyme‐generated PTMs. We investigate whether PTM sites annotated in UniProtKB (with MOD_RES/LIPID keys) are situated within sequence ranges that can be mapped to known 3D structures. We find that N‐ or C‐termini harbor essentially exclusively canonical PTMs. We also find that the overwhelming majority of all other PTMs are also canonical though, later in the protein's life cycle, the PTM sites can become buried due to complex formation. Among the remaining cases, some can be explained (i) with autocatalysis, (ii) with modification before folding or after temporary unfolding, or (iii) as products of interaction with small, diffusible reactants. Others require further research how these PTMs are mechanistically generated in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda L Sirota
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science and Technology (A*STAR), Matrix, Singapore
| | - Sebastian Maurer-Stroh
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science and Technology (A*STAR), Matrix, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences (SBS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
| | - Birgit Eisenhaber
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science and Technology (A*STAR), Matrix, Singapore
| | - Frank Eisenhaber
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science and Technology (A*STAR), Matrix, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences (DBS), National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore.,School of Computer Engineering (SCE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
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148
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Li H, Li W, Liu F, Wang Z, Li G, Karamanos Y. Detection of Tumor Invasive Biomarker using a Peptamer of Signal Conversion and Signal Amplification. Anal Chem 2016; 88:3662-8. [PMID: 26938572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the structural and functional features of proteins in cell signaling, a switchable peptide is designed in this work. This switchable peptide is named a "peptamer," and it can react to ligand binding with conformational change and activation/deactivation of catalytic ability. The peptamer is constructed by elaborately integrating several different peptide motifs with targeting and catalytic abilities. Thus, targeted binding of the peptamer to an integrin can be regulated by a synthetic ligand. Moreover, the conformational rearrangement of the peptamer induced by both integrin and the synthetic ligand can resolve in altered affinity of the peptamer for a catalytic cofactor, cupric ion. This leads to greatly contrasted efficiency of catalysis in the presence/absence of integrin. This distinct switching on/off of catalytic activity also enables a bioassay of tissue integrin expression in clinical samples of thyroid carcinoma. Experimental results reveal that the detected integrin level parallels the state of lymph node metastasis. Therefore, this simple peptide model may help to understand the structural reconfiguration of proteins involved in cellular signal transduction, as well as to provide a new means to assess protein activity under pathological conditions such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Fengzhen Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Genxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China.,Laboratory of Biosensing Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yannis Karamanos
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-encéphalique, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Artois , rue Souvraz SP18, 62307 CEDEX Lens, France
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149
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Lian X, Guo J, Gu W, Cui Y, Zhong J, Jin J, He QY, Wang T, Zhang G. Genome-Wide and Experimental Resolution of Relative Translation Elongation Speed at Individual Gene Level in Human Cells. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005901. [PMID: 26926465 PMCID: PMC4771717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the process of translation, ribosomes first assemble on mRNAs (translation initiation) and then translate along the mRNA (elongation) to synthesize proteins. Elongation pausing is deemed highly relevant to co-translational folding of nascent peptides and the functionality of protein products, which positioned the evaluation of elongation speed as one of the central questions in the field of translational control. By integrating three types of RNA-seq methods, we experimentally and computationally resolved elongation speed, with our proposed elongation velocity index (EVI), a relative measure at individual gene level and under physiological condition in human cells. We successfully distinguished slow-translating genes from the background translatome. We demonstrated that low-EVI genes encoded more stable proteins. We further identified cell-specific slow-translating codons, which might serve as a causal factor of elongation deceleration. As an example for the biological relevance, we showed that the relatively slow-translating genes tended to be associated with the maintenance of malignant phenotypes per pathway analyses. In conclusion, EVI opens a new view to understand why human cells tend to avoid simultaneously speeding up translation initiation and decelerating elongation, and the possible cancer relevance of translating low-EVI genes to gain better protein quality. In protein synthesis, ribosome assembles to mRNA to initiate translation, followed by the process of elongation to read the codons along the mRNA molecule for polypeptide chain production. It is known that slowing down the elongation speed at certain regions of mRNA is critical for the correct folding of numerous proteins—the so-called “pause-to-fold”. However, it has been an open question to evaluate elongation speed under cellular physiological conditions in genome-wide scale. Here, we used three types of next-generation sequencing approaches to experimentally and computationally address this question. With a new relative measure of elongation velocity index (EVI), we successfully distinguished slow-translating genes. Their protein products are more stable than the background genes. We found that different cell types tended to have distinct slow-translating codons, which might be relevant to the cell/tissue specific tRNA composition. Such elongation deceleration is potentially disease-relevant: cancer cells tend to slow down numerous cancer-favorable genes, and vice versa. Furthermore, we justified that translation initiation and elongation are evolutionarily synergistic as no gene with both high initiation efficiency and low elongation speed was observed: that would cause a traffic jam of ribosomes that should be maximally avoided per evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Lian
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Guo
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhi Cui
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayong Zhong
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjie Jin
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Yu He
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (GZ); (TW); (QYH)
| | - Tong Wang
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (GZ); (TW); (QYH)
| | - Gong Zhang
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (GZ); (TW); (QYH)
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150
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Ratsima H, Serrano D, Pascariu M, D'Amours D. Centrosome-Dependent Bypass of the DNA Damage Checkpoint by the Polo Kinase Cdc5. Cell Rep 2016; 14:1422-1434. [PMID: 26832404 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cycle checkpoints are essential feedback mechanisms that promote genome integrity. However, in the face of unrepairable DNA lesions, bypass mechanisms can suppress checkpoint activity and allow cells to resume proliferation. The molecular mechanisms underlying this biological response are currently not understood. Taking advantage of unique separation-of-function mutants, we show that the Polo-like kinase (PLK) Cdc5 uses a phosphopriming-based interaction mechanism to suppress G2/M checkpoint arrest by targeting Polo kinase activity to centrosomes. We also show that key subunits of the evolutionarily conserved RSC complex are critical downstream effectors of Cdc5 activity in checkpoint suppression. Importantly, the lethality and checkpoint defects associated with loss of Cdc5 Polo box activity can be fully rescued by artificially anchoring Cdc5 kinase domain to yeast centrosomes. Collectively, our results highlight a previously unappreciated role for centrosomes as key signaling centers for the suppression of cell-cycle arrest induced by persistent or unrepairable DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hery Ratsima
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Diego Serrano
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Mirela Pascariu
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Damien D'Amours
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
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