101
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Doulamis IP, Guariento A, Duignan T, Kido T, Orfany A, Saeed MY, Weixler VH, Blitzer D, Shin B, Snay ER, Inkster JA, Packard AB, Zurakowski D, Rousselle T, Bajwa A, Parikh SM, Stillman IE, Del Nido PJ, McCully JD. Mitochondrial transplantation by intra-arterial injection for acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F403-F413. [PMID: 32686525 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00255.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury is a common clinical disorder and one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the postoperative period. In this study, the safety and efficacy of autologous mitochondrial transplantation by intra-arterial injection for renal protection in a swine model of bilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion injury were investigated. Female Yorkshire pigs underwent percutaneous bilateral temporary occlusion of the renal arteries with balloon catheters. Following 60 min of ischemia, the balloon catheters were deflated and animals received either autologous mitochondria suspended in vehicle or vehicle alone, delivered as a single bolus to the renal arteries. The injected mitochondria were rapidly taken up by the kidney and were distributed throughout the tubular epithelium of the cortex and medulla. There were no safety-related issues detected with mitochondrial transplantation. Following 24 h of reperfusion, estimated glomerular filtration rate and urine output were significantly increased while serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were significantly decreased in swine that received mitochondria compared with those that received vehicle. Gross anatomy, histopathological analysis, acute tubular necrosis scoring, and transmission electron microscopy showed that the renal cortex of the vehicle-treated group had extensive coagulative necrosis of primarily proximal tubules, while the mitochondrial transplanted kidney showed only patchy mild acute tubular injury. Renal cortex IL-6 expression was significantly increased in vehicle-treated kidneys compared with the kidneys that received mitochondrial transplantation. These results demonstrate that mitochondrial transplantation by intra-arterial injection provides renal protection from ischemia-reperfusion injury, significantly enhancing renal function and reducing renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias P Doulamis
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alvise Guariento
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas Duignan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Takashi Kido
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Arzoo Orfany
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mossab Y Saeed
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Viktoria H Weixler
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Blitzer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Borami Shin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erin R Snay
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James A Inkster
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alan B Packard
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Zurakowski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas Rousselle
- Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Amandeep Bajwa
- Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Samir M Parikh
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Isaac E Stillman
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pedro J Del Nido
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James D McCully
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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102
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Terraza-Aguirre C, Campos-Mora M, Elizondo-Vega R, Contreras-López RA, Luz-Crawford P, Jorgensen C, Djouad F. Mechanisms behind the Immunoregulatory Dialogue between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Th17 Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071660. [PMID: 32664207 PMCID: PMC7408034 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit potent immunoregulatory abilities by interacting with cells of the adaptive and innate immune system. In vitro, MSCs inhibit the differentiation of T cells into T helper 17 (Th17) cells and repress their proliferation. In vivo, the administration of MSCs to treat various experimental inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and bowel disease showed promising therapeutic results. These therapeutic properties mediated by MSCs are associated with an attenuated immune response characterized by a reduced frequency of Th17 cells and the generation of regulatory T cells. In this manuscript, we review how MSC and Th17 cells interact, communicate, and exchange information through different ways such as cell-to-cell contact, secretion of soluble factors, and organelle transfer. Moreover, we discuss the consequences of this dynamic dialogue between MSC and Th17 well described by their phenotypic and functional plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Terraza-Aguirre
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, F-34090 Montpellier, France; (C.T.-A.); (R.A.C.-L.)
| | | | - Roberto Elizondo-Vega
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Biología Celular, Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile;
| | | | - Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile;
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, F-34090 Montpellier, France; (C.T.-A.); (R.A.C.-L.)
- CHU Montpellier, F-34295 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: (C.J.); (F.D.); Tel.: +33-(0)-4-67-33-77-96 (C.J.); +33-(0)-4-67-33-04-75 (F.D.)
| | - Farida Djouad
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, F-34090 Montpellier, France; (C.T.-A.); (R.A.C.-L.)
- Correspondence: (C.J.); (F.D.); Tel.: +33-(0)-4-67-33-77-96 (C.J.); +33-(0)-4-67-33-04-75 (F.D.)
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103
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Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell-Mediated Mitochondrial Transfer and the Therapeutic Potential in Treatment of Neurological Diseases. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8838046. [PMID: 32724315 PMCID: PMC7364205 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8838046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can be derived from various tissues. Due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties, MSCs have been extensively researched and tested for treatment of different diseases/indications. One mechanism that MSCs exert functions is through the transfer of mitochondria, a key player involved in many biological processes in health and disease. Mitochondria transfer is bidirectional and has an impact on both donor and recipient cells. In this review, we discussed how MSC-mediated mitochondrial transfer may affect cellular metabolism, survival, proliferation, and differentiation; how this process influences inflammatory processes; and what is the molecular machinery that mediates mitochondrial transfer. In the end, we summarized recent advances in preclinical research and clinical trials for the treatment of stroke and spinal cord injury, through application of MSCs and/or MSC-derived mitochondria.
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104
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Extracellular Vesicles, Apoptotic Bodies and Mitochondria: Stem Cell Bioproducts for Organ Regeneration. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40472-020-00282-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
In the current work, we will present the characterization of the main different stem cell-derived vesicular bio-products with potential application in organ regeneration.
Recent Findings
The therapeutic effects of stem cell therapy in organ repair, specifically those utilizing mesenchymal stromal cells, are largely dependent on the cells’ release of different bio-products. Among these bio-products, extracellular vesicles (EVs) appear to play a major role due to their ability to carry and deliver bioactive material for modulation of cellular pathways in recipient cells. Concurrently, mitochondria transfer emerged as a new mechanism of cell communication, in which the bioenergetics of a damaged cell are restored. Finally, apoptotic bodies released by dying apoptotic stem cells contribute to stimulation of the tissue’s stem cells and modulation of the immune response.
Summary
Exploitation of isolated extracellular vesicles, mitochondria and apoptotic bodies in preclinical models of organ damage shows promising results. Here, we describe the results of the pre-clinical applications of stem cell vesicular products, as well as the first clinical trials approaching artificial administration of extracellular vesicles and mitochondria in human subjects and their possible benefits and limitations.
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106
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Attia N, Mashal M. Mesenchymal Stem Cells: The Past Present and Future. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1312:107-129. [PMID: 33159306 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The biomedical applications of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have gained expanding attention over the past three decades. MSCs are easily obtained from various tissue types (e.g. bone marrow, fat, cord blood, etc.), are capable of self-renewal, and could be induced to differentiate into several cell lineages for countless biomedical applications. In addition, when transplanted, MSCs are not detected by immune surveillance, thus do not lead to graft rejection. Moreover, they can home towards affected tissues and induce their therapeutic effect in a cell-base and/or a cell-free manner. These properties, and many others, have made MSCs appealing therapeutic cell candidates (for cell and/or gene therapy) in myriad clinical conditions. However, similar to any other therapeutic tool, MSCs still have their own limitations and grey areas that entail more research for better understanding and optimization. Herein, we present a brief overview of various pre-clinical/clinical applications of MSCs in regenerative medicine and discuss limitations and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Attia
- Department of Basic Sciences, The American University of Antigua-College of Medicine, Coolidge, Antigua and Barbuda. .,The Center of research and evaluation, The American University of Antigua-College of Medicine, Coolidge, Antigua and Barbuda. .,Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt. .,NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Mohamed Mashal
- The Center of research and evaluation, The American University of Antigua-College of Medicine, Coolidge, Antigua and Barbuda.,NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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107
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Martin-Rufino JD, Espinosa-Lara N, Osugui L, Sanchez-Guijo F. Targeting the Immune System With Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: What Is the Cargo's Mechanism of Action? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:308. [PMID: 31781552 PMCID: PMC6856662 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The potent immunomodulatory activities displayed by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have motivated their application in hundreds of clinical trials to date. In some countries, they have subsequently been approved for the treatment of immune disorders such as Crohn's disease and graft-versus-host disease. Increasing evidence suggests that their main mechanism of action in vivo relies on paracrine signaling and extracellular vesicles. Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) play a prominent role in intercellular communication by allowing the horizontal transfer of microRNAs, mRNAs, proteins, lipids and other bioactive molecules between MSCs and their targets. However, despite the considerable momentum gained by MSC-EV research, the precise mechanism by which MSC-EVs interact with the immune system is still debated. Available evidence is highly context-dependent and fragmentary, with a limited number of reports trying to link their efficacy to specific active components shuttled within them. In this concise review, currently available evidence on the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of MSC-EV cargo on the immune system is analyzed. Studies that pinpoint specific MSC-EV-borne mediators of immunomodulation are highlighted, with a focus on the signaling events triggered by MSC-EVs in target immune cells. Reports that study the effects of preconditioning or “licensing” in MSC-EV-mediated immunomodulation are also presented. The need for further studies that dissect the mechanisms of MSC-EV cargo in the adaptive immune system is emphasized. Finally, the major challenges that need to be addressed to harness the full potential of these signaling vehicles are discussed, with the ultimate goal of effectively translating MSC-EV treatments into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Diego Martin-Rufino
- Unidad de Terapia Celular, Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Natalia Espinosa-Lara
- Unidad de Terapia Celular, Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Lika Osugui
- Unidad de Terapia Celular, Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Fermin Sanchez-Guijo
- Unidad de Terapia Celular, Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
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