1
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Kumar R, Mancebo JG, Patenaude R, Sack K, Prondzynski M, Packard AB, Dearling JLJ, Li R, Balcarcel-Monzon M, Dominguez S, Emani S, Kheir JN, Polizzotti B, Peng Y. Low-Fouling Zwitterionic Polymeric Colloids as Resuscitation Fluids for Hemorrhagic Shock. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2207376. [PMID: 36153826 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Colloids, known as volume expanders, have been used as resuscitation fluids for hypovolemic shock for decades, as they increase plasma oncotic pressure and expand intravascular volume. However, recent studies show that commonly used synthetic colloids have adverse interactions with human biological systems. In this work, a low-fouling amine(N)-oxide-based zwitterionic polymer as an alternative volume expander with improved biocompatibility and efficacy is designed. It is demonstrated that the polymer possesses antifouling ability, resisting cell interaction and deposition in major organs, and is rapidly cleared via renal filtration and hepatic circulation, reducing the risk of long-term side effects. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies show an absence of adverse effects on hemostasis or any acute safety risks. Finally, it is shown that, in a head-to-head comparison with existing colloids and plasma, the zwitterionic polymer serves as a more potent oncotic agent for restoring intravascular volume in a hemorrhagic shock model. The design of N-oxide-based zwitterionic polymers may lead to the development of alternative fluid therapies to treat hypovolemic shock and to improve fluid management in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Julia Garcia Mancebo
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ryan Patenaude
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kristen Sack
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Maksymilian Prondzynski
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alan B Packard
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jason L J Dearling
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ruihan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Michelle Balcarcel-Monzon
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Saffron Dominguez
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sirisha Emani
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - John N Kheir
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Brian Polizzotti
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yifeng Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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2
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Dammes N, Goldsmith M, Ramishetti S, Dearling JLJ, Veiga N, Packard AB, Peer D. Conformation-sensitive targeting of lipid nanoparticles for RNA therapeutics. Nat Nanotechnol 2021; 16:1030-1038. [PMID: 34140675 PMCID: PMC7611664 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00928-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The successful in vivo implementation of gene expression modulation strategies relies on effective, non-immunogenic delivery vehicles. Lipid nanoparticles are one of the most advanced non-viral clinically approved nucleic-acid delivery systems. Yet lipid nanoparticles accumulate naturally in liver cells upon intravenous administration, and hence, there is an urgent need to enhance uptake by other cell types. Here we use a conformation-sensitive targeting strategy to achieve in vivo gene silencing in a selective subset of leukocytes and show potential therapeutic applications in a murine model of colitis. In particular, by targeting the high-affinity conformation of α4β7 integrin, which is a hallmark of inflammatory gut-homing leukocytes, we silenced interferon-γ in the gut, resulting in an improved therapeutic outcome in experimental colitis. The lipid nanoparticles did not induce adverse immune activation or liver toxicity. These results suggest that our lipid nanoparticle targeting strategy might be applied for selective delivery of payloads to other conformation-sensitive targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Dammes
- Laboratory of Precision Nanomedicine, Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Meir Goldsmith
- Laboratory of Precision Nanomedicine, Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Srinivas Ramishetti
- Laboratory of Precision Nanomedicine, Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jason L J Dearling
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nuphar Veiga
- Laboratory of Precision Nanomedicine, Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alan B Packard
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory of Precision Nanomedicine, Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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3
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Inkster JAH, Sromek AW, Akurathi V, Neumeyer JL, Packard AB. The Non-Anhydrous, Minimally Basic Synthesis of the Dopamine D 2 Agonist [18F]MCL-524. Chemistry (Basel) 2021; 3:1047-1056. [PMID: 37830058 PMCID: PMC10569134 DOI: 10.3390/chemistry3030075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The dopamine D2 agonist MCL-524 is selective for the D2 receptor in the high-affinity state (D2high), and, therefore, the PET analogue, [18F]MCL-524, may facilitate the elucidation of the role of D2high in disorders such as schizophrenia. However, the previously reported synthesis of [18F]MCL-524 proved difficult to replicate and was lacking experimental details. We therefore developed a new synthesis of [18F]MCL-524 using a "non-anhydrous, minimally basic" (NAMB) approach. In this method, [18F]F- is eluted from a small (10-12 mg) trap-and-release column with tetraethylammonium tosylate (2.37 mg) in 7:3 MeCN:H2O (0.1 mL), rather than the basic carbonate or bicarbonate solution that is most often used for [18F]F- recovery. The tosylated precursor (1 mg) in 0.9 mL anhydrous acetonitrile was added directly to the eluate, without azeotropic drying, and the solution was heated (150 °C/15 min). The catechol was then deprotected with the Lewis acid In(OTf)3 (10 equiv.; 150 °C/20 min). In contrast to deprotection with protic acids, Lewis-acid-based deprotection facilitated the efficient removal of byproducts by HPLC and eliminated the need for SPE extraction prior to HPLC purification. Using the NAMB approach, [18F]MCL-524 was obtained in 5-9% RCY (decay-corrected, n = 3), confirming the utility of this improved method for the multistep synthesis of [18F]MCL-524 and suggesting that it may applicable to the synthesis of other 18F-labeled radiotracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. H. Inkster
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anna W. Sromek
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Vamsidhar Akurathi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John L. Neumeyer
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Alan B. Packard
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
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4
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Packard AB. A Challenging and Rewarding Year. J Nucl Med 2021; 62:32N. [PMID: 34074692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
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5
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Packard AB. SNMMI Leadership Update: A Year of Progress Amid a Pandemic. J Nucl Med 2021; 62:17N-22N. [PMID: 33975978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
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6
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Packard AB. Advocating for Our Field. J Nucl Med 2021; 62:15N. [PMID: 33622970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
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7
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Dearling JLJ, van Dam EM, Harris MJ, Packard AB. Detection and therapy of neuroblastoma minimal residual disease using [ 64/67Cu]Cu-SARTATE in a preclinical model of hepatic metastases. EJNMMI Res 2021; 11:20. [PMID: 33630166 PMCID: PMC7907331 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-021-00763-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A major challenge to the long-term success of neuroblastoma therapy is widespread metastases that survive initial therapy as minimal residual disease (MRD). The SSTR2 receptor is expressed by most neuroblastoma tumors making it an attractive target for molecularly targeted radionuclide therapy. SARTATE consists of octreotate, which targets the SSTR2 receptor, conjugated to MeCOSar, a bifunctional chelator with high affinity for copper. Cu-SARTATE offers the potential to both detect and treat neuroblastoma MRD by using [64Cu]Cu-SARTATE to detect and monitor the disease and [67Cu]Cu-SARTATE as the companion therapeutic agent. In the present study, we tested this theranostic pair in a preclinical model of neuroblastoma MRD. An intrahepatic model of metastatic neuroblastoma was established using IMR32 cells in nude mice. The biodistribution of [64Cu]Cu-SARTATE was measured using small-animal PET and ex vivo tissue analysis. Survival studies were carried out using the same model: mice (6–8 mice/group) were given single doses of saline, or 9.25 MBq (250 µCi), or 18.5 MBq (500 µCi) of [67Cu]Cu-SARTATE at either 2 or 4 weeks after tumor cell inoculation. Results PET imaging and ex vivo biodistribution confirmed tumor uptake of [64Cu]Cu-SARTATE and rapid clearance from other tissues. The major clearance tissues were the kidneys (15.6 ± 5.8% IA/g at 24 h post-injection, 11.5 ± 2.8% IA/g at 48 h, n = 3/4). Autoradiography and histological analysis confirmed [64Cu]Cu-SARTATE uptake in viable, SSTR2-positive tumor regions with mean tumor uptakes of 14.1–25.0% IA/g at 24 h. [67Cu]Cu-SARTATE therapy was effective when started 2 weeks after tumor cell inoculation, extending survival by an average of 13 days (30%) compared with the untreated group (mean survival of control group 43.0 ± 8.1 days vs. 55.6 ± 9.1 days for the treated group; p = 0.012). No significant therapeutic effect was observed when [67Cu]Cu-SARTATE was started 4 weeks after tumor cell inoculation, when the tumors would have been larger (control group 14.6 ± 8.5 days; 9.25 MBq group 9.5 ± 1.6 days; 18.5 MBq group 15.6 ± 4.1 days; p = 0.064). Conclusions Clinical experiences of peptide-receptor radionuclide therapy for metastatic disease have been encouraging. This study demonstrates the potential for a theranostic approach using [64/67Cu]Cu-SARTATE for the detection and treatment of SSTR2-positive neuroblastoma MRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L J Dearling
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Ellen M van Dam
- Clarity Pharmaceuticals Ltd., 4 Cornwallis St., Sydney, NSW, 2015, Australia
| | - Matthew J Harris
- Clarity Pharmaceuticals Ltd., 4 Cornwallis St., Sydney, NSW, 2015, Australia
| | - Alan B Packard
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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8
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Packard AB. SNMMI Leadership Update: Improving Radionuclide Availability. J Nucl Med 2021; 62:22N. [PMID: 33334918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
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9
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Packard AB. SNMMI Leadership Update: Research-The Key to Nuclear Medicine's Past and Future. J Nucl Med 2020; 61:23N. [PMID: 33139399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
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10
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Packard AB. SNMMI Leadership Update: Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion. J Nucl Med 2020; 61:24N. [PMID: 32873744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
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11
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Doulamis IP, Guariento A, Duignan T, Kido T, Orfany A, Saeed MY, Weixler VH, Blitzer D, Shin B, Snay ER, Inkster JA, Packard AB, Zurakowski D, Rousselle T, Bajwa A, Parikh SM, Stillman IE, Del Nido PJ, McCully JD. Mitochondrial transplantation by intra-arterial injection for acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F403-F413. [PMID: 32686525 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00255.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury is a common clinical disorder and one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the postoperative period. In this study, the safety and efficacy of autologous mitochondrial transplantation by intra-arterial injection for renal protection in a swine model of bilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion injury were investigated. Female Yorkshire pigs underwent percutaneous bilateral temporary occlusion of the renal arteries with balloon catheters. Following 60 min of ischemia, the balloon catheters were deflated and animals received either autologous mitochondria suspended in vehicle or vehicle alone, delivered as a single bolus to the renal arteries. The injected mitochondria were rapidly taken up by the kidney and were distributed throughout the tubular epithelium of the cortex and medulla. There were no safety-related issues detected with mitochondrial transplantation. Following 24 h of reperfusion, estimated glomerular filtration rate and urine output were significantly increased while serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were significantly decreased in swine that received mitochondria compared with those that received vehicle. Gross anatomy, histopathological analysis, acute tubular necrosis scoring, and transmission electron microscopy showed that the renal cortex of the vehicle-treated group had extensive coagulative necrosis of primarily proximal tubules, while the mitochondrial transplanted kidney showed only patchy mild acute tubular injury. Renal cortex IL-6 expression was significantly increased in vehicle-treated kidneys compared with the kidneys that received mitochondrial transplantation. These results demonstrate that mitochondrial transplantation by intra-arterial injection provides renal protection from ischemia-reperfusion injury, significantly enhancing renal function and reducing renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias P Doulamis
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alvise Guariento
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas Duignan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Takashi Kido
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Arzoo Orfany
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mossab Y Saeed
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Viktoria H Weixler
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Blitzer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Borami Shin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erin R Snay
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James A Inkster
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alan B Packard
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Zurakowski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas Rousselle
- Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Amandeep Bajwa
- Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Samir M Parikh
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Isaac E Stillman
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pedro J Del Nido
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James D McCully
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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12
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Packard AB. SNMMI Leadership Update: Notes from the Top. J Nucl Med 2020; 61:19N. [PMID: 32611721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
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13
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Inkster JAH, Akurathi V, Sromek AW, Chen Y, Neumeyer JL, Packard AB. A non-anhydrous, minimally basic protocol for the simplification of nucleophilic 18F-fluorination chemistry. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6818. [PMID: 32321927 PMCID: PMC7176689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorine-18 radiolabeling typically includes several conserved steps including elution of the [18F]fluoride from an anion exchange cartridge with a basic solution of K2CO3 or KHCO3 and Kryptofix 2.2.2. in mixture of acetonitrile and water followed by rigorous azeotropic drying to remove the water. In this work we describe an alternative "non-anhydrous, minimally basic" ("NAMB") technique that simplifies the process and avoids the basic conditions that can sometimes limit the scope and efficiency of [18F]fluoride incorporation chemistry. In this approach, [18F]F- is eluted from small (10-12 mg) anion-exchange cartridges with solutions of tetraethylammonium bicarbonate, perchlorate or tosylate in polar aprotic solvents containing 10-50% water. After dilution with additional aprotic solvent, these solutions are used directly in nucleophilic aromatic and aliphatic 18F-fluorination reactions, obviating the need for azeotropic drying. Perchlorate and tosylate are minimally basic anions that are nevertheless suitable for removal of [18F]F- from the anion-exchange cartridge. As proof-of-principle, "NAMB" chemistry was utilized for the synthesis of the dopamine D2/D3 antagonist [18F]fallypride.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A H Inkster
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - V Akurathi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - A W Sromek
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - J L Neumeyer
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - A B Packard
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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14
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Shin B, Saeed MY, Esch JJ, Guariento A, Blitzer D, Moskowitzova K, Ramirez-Barbieri G, Orfany A, Thedsanamoorthy JK, Cowan DB, Inkster JA, Snay ER, Staffa SJ, Packard AB, Zurakowski D, Del Nido PJ, McCully JD. A Novel Biological Strategy for Myocardial Protection by Intracoronary Delivery of Mitochondria: Safety and Efficacy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 4:871-888. [PMID: 31909298 PMCID: PMC6938990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is the determinant insult of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Autologous mitochondrial transplantation involves supplying one's healthy mitochondria to the ischemic region harboring damaged mitochondria. The authors used in vivo swine to show that mitochondrial transplantation in the heart by intracoronary delivery is safe, with specific distribution to the heart, and results in significant increase in coronary blood flow, which requires intact mitochondrial viability, adenosine triphosphate production, and, in part, the activation of vascular KIR channels. Intracoronary mitochondrial delivery after temporary regional ischemia significantly improved myocardial function, perfusion, and infarct size. The authors concluded that intracoronary delivery of mitochondria is safe and efficacious therapy for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borami Shin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mossab Y Saeed
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jesse J Esch
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alvise Guariento
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Blitzer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kamila Moskowitzova
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Giovanna Ramirez-Barbieri
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Arzoo Orfany
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jerusha K Thedsanamoorthy
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas B Cowan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James A Inkster
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erin R Snay
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven J Staffa
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alan B Packard
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Zurakowski
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pedro J Del Nido
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James D McCully
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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15
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Moskowitzova K, Orfany A, Liu K, Ramirez-Barbieri G, Thedsanamoorthy JK, Yao R, Guariento A, Doulamis IP, Blitzer D, Shin B, Snay ER, Inkster JAH, Iken K, Packard AB, Cowan DB, Visner GA, Del Nido PJ, McCully JD. Mitochondrial transplantation enhances murine lung viability and recovery after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 318:L78-L88. [PMID: 31693391 PMCID: PMC6985877 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00221.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common cause of acute lung injury is ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), during which mitochondrial damage occurs. We have previously demonstrated that mitochondrial transplantation is an efficacious therapy to replace or augment mitochondria damaged by IRI, allowing for enhanced muscle viability and function in cardiac tissue. Here, we investigate the efficacy of mitochondrial transplantation in a murine lung IRI model using male C57BL/6J mice. Transient ischemia was induced by applying a microvascular clamp on the left hilum for 2 h. Upon reperfusion mice received either vehicle or vehicle-containing mitochondria either by vascular delivery (Mito V) through the pulmonary artery or by aerosol delivery (Mito Neb) via the trachea (nebulization). Sham control mice underwent thoracotomy without hilar clamping and were ventilated for 2 h before returning to the cage. After 24 h recovery, lung mechanics were assessed and lungs were collected for analysis. Our results demonstrated that at 24 h of reperfusion, dynamic compliance and inspiratory capacity were significantly increased and resistance, tissue damping, elastance, and peak inspiratory pressure (Mito V only) were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in Mito groups as compared with their respective vehicle groups. Neutrophil infiltration, interstitial edema, and apoptosis were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in Mito groups as compared with vehicles. No significant differences in cytokines and chemokines between groups were shown. All lung mechanics results in Mito groups except peak inspiratory pressure in Mito Neb showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) as compared with Sham. These results conclude that mitochondrial transplantation by vascular delivery or nebulization improves lung mechanics and decreases lung tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Moskowitzova
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Arzoo Orfany
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kaifeng Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Giovanna Ramirez-Barbieri
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jerusha K Thedsanamoorthy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rouan Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alvise Guariento
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ilias P Doulamis
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Blitzer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Borami Shin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erin R Snay
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular imaging, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James A H Inkster
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular imaging, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Khadija Iken
- Department of Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alan B Packard
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular imaging, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas B Cowan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gary A Visner
- Department of Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pedro J Del Nido
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James D McCully
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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16
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Butch ER, Mead PE, Amador Diaz V, Tillman H, Stewart E, Mishra JK, Kim J, Bahrami A, Dearling JLJ, Packard AB, Stoddard SV, Vāvere AL, Han Y, Shulkin BL, Snyder SE. Positron Emission Tomography Detects In Vivo Expression of Disialoganglioside GD2 in Mouse Models of Primary and Metastatic Osteosarcoma. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3112-3124. [PMID: 31015228 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The cell membrane glycolipid GD2 is expressed by multiple solid tumors, including 88% of osteosarcomas and 98% of neuroblastomas. However, osteosarcomas are highly heterogeneous, with many tumors exhibiting GD2 expression on <50% of the individual cells, while some tumors are essentially GD2-negative. Anti-GD2 immunotherapy is the current standard of care for high-risk neuroblastoma, but its application to recurrent osteosarcomas, for which no effective therapies exist, has been extremely limited. This is, in part, because the standard assays to measure GD2 expression in these heterogeneous tumors are not quantitative and are subject to tissue availability and sampling bias. To address these limitations, we evaluated a novel, sensitive radiotracer [64Cu]Cu-Bn-NOTA-hu14.18K322A to detect GD2 expression in osteosarcomas (six patient-derived xenografts and one cell line) in vivo using positron emission tomography (PET). Tumor uptake of the radiolabeled, humanized anti-GD2 antibody [64Cu]Cu-Bn-NOTA-hu14.18K322A was 7-fold higher in modestly GD2-expressing osteosarcomas (32% GD2-positive cells) than in a GD2-negative tumor (9.8% vs. 1.3% of the injected dose per cc, respectively). This radiotracer also identified lesions as small as 29 mm3 in a 34% GD2-positive model of metastatic osteosarcoma of the lung. Radiolabeled antibody accumulation in patient-derived xenografts correlated with GD2 expression as measured by flow cytometry (Pearson r = 0.88, P = 0.01), distinguishing moderately GD2-expressing osteosarcomas (32%-69% GD2-positive cells) from high GD2 expressors (>99%, P < 0.05). These results support the utility of GD2 imaging with PET to measure GD2 expression in osteosarcoma and thus maximize the clinical impact of anti-GD2 immunotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE: In situ assessment of all GD2-positive osteosarcoma sites with a novel PET radiotracer could significantly impact anti-GD2 immunotherapy patient selection and enable noninvasive probing of correlations between target expression and therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Butch
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Paul E Mead
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Victor Amador Diaz
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Heather Tillman
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Elizabeth Stewart
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jitendra K Mishra
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jieun Kim
- Center for In Vivo Imaging and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Armita Bahrami
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jason L J Dearling
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alan B Packard
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shana V Stoddard
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Amy L Vāvere
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Barry L Shulkin
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Scott E Snyder
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee. .,Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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Abstract
Nuclear medicine is composed of two complementary areas, imaging and therapy. Positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon imaging, including single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), comprise the imaging component of nuclear medicine. These areas are distinct in that they exploit different nuclear decay processes and also different imaging technologies. In PET, images are created from the 511 keV photons produced when the positron emitted by a radionuclide encounters an electron and is annihilated. In contrast, in single-photon imaging, images are created from the γ rays (and occasionally X-rays) directly emitted by the nucleus. Therapeutic nuclear medicine uses particulate radiation such as Auger or conversion electrons or β- or α particles. All three of these technologies are linked by the requirement that the radionuclide must be attached to a suitable vector that can deliver it to its target. It is imperative that the radionuclide remain attached to the vector before it is delivered to its target as well as after it reaches its target or else the resulting image (or therapeutic outcome) will not reflect the biological process of interest. Radiochemistry is at the core of this process, and radiometals offer radiopharmaceutical chemists a tremendous range of options with which to accomplish these goals. They also offer a wide range of options in terms of radionuclide half-lives and emission properties, providing the ability to carefully match the decay properties with the desired outcome. This Review provides an overview of some of the ways this can be accomplished as well as several historical examples of some of the limitations of earlier metalloradiopharmaceuticals and the ways that new technologies, primarily related to radionuclide production, have provided solutions to these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Boros
- Department of Chemistry , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , New York 11794 , United States
| | - Alan B Packard
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology , Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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18
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Moskowitzova K, Shin B, Liu K, Ramirez-Barbieri G, Guariento A, Blitzer D, Thedsanamoorthy JK, Yao R, Snay ER, Inkster JAH, Orfany A, Zurakowski D, Cowan DB, Packard AB, Visner GA, Del Nido PJ, McCully JD. Mitochondrial transplantation prolongs cold ischemia time in murine heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018; 38:92-99. [PMID: 30391192 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold ischemia time (CIT) causes ischemia‒reperfusion injury to the mitochondria and detrimentally effects myocardial function and tissue viability. Mitochondrial transplantation replaces damaged mitochondria and enhances myocardial function and tissue viability. Herein we investigated the efficacy of mitochondrial transplantation in enhancing graft function and viability after prolonged CIT. METHODS Heterotopic heart transplantation was performed in C57BL/6J mice. Upon heart harvesting from C57BL/6J donors, 0.5 ml of either mitochondria (1 × 108 in respiration buffer; mitochondria group) or respiration buffer (vehicle group) was delivered antegrade to the coronary arteries via injection to the coronary ostium. The hearts were excised and preserved for 29 ± 0.3 hours in cold saline (4°C). The hearts were then heterotopically transplanted. A second injection of either mitochondria (1 × 108) or respiration buffer (vehicle) was delivered antegrade to the coronary arteries 5 minutes after transplantation. Grafts were analyzed for 24 hours. Beating score, graft function, and tissue injury were measured. RESULTS Beating score, calculated ejection fraction, and shortening fraction were significantly enhanced (p < 0.05), whereas necrosis and neutrophil infiltration were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the mitochondria group as compared with the vehicle group at 24 hours of reperfusion. Transmission electron microscopy showed the presence of contraction bands in vehicle but not in mitochondria grafts. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial transplantation prolongs CIT to 29 hours in the murine heart transplantation model, significantly enhances graft function, and decreases graft tissue injury. Mitochondrial transplantation may provide a means to reduce graft failure and improve transplantation outcomes after prolonged CIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Moskowitzova
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Borami Shin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kaifeng Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Alvise Guariento
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Blitzer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jerusha K Thedsanamoorthy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rouan Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erin R Snay
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James A H Inkster
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arzoo Orfany
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Zurakowski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Douglas B Cowan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alan B Packard
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gary A Visner
- Department of Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pedro J Del Nido
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James D McCully
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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19
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20
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Inkster JAH, Zhang S, Akurathi V, Belanger A, Dubey S, Treves T, Packard AB. New chemical and radiochemical routes to [ 18F]Rho6G-DEG-F, a delocalized lipophilic cation for myocardial perfusion imaging with PET. Medchemcomm 2017; 8:1891-1896. [PMID: 29276578 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00326a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New chemical and radiochemical syntheses are described for the preparation of [18F]Rho6G-DEG-F, an 18F-labeled analogue of the fluoresecent dye rhodamine 6G, which has shown promise as myocardidal perfusion imaging agent. Tosylated precursors of [18F]Rho6G-DEG-F amenable to 18F-labeling were obtained either through a two-step synthesis from rhodamine 6G lactone (33% yield), or in one step from rhodamine 575 (64% yield), then purified by preparative C18 chromatography. Manual synthesis of [18F]Rho6G-DEG-F was achieved in a single radiochemical step from either the tosylate salt or the tosylate/formate double salt in DMSO under standard nucleophillic aliphatic 18F-fluorination conditions (K[18F]F/K2CO3/Kryptofix 2.2.2.). Incorporation of the [18F]F- was found to be satisfactory (≥34% by TLC), despite the protic character of the precursor molecules. [18F]Rho6G-DEG-F was manually synthesized in final decay-corrected radiochemical yields of 11-26% (tosylate salt) and 9-21% (tosylate/formate double salt). The protocol was transferred to an automated synthesis unit, where the product was obtained in 3-9% radiochemical yield (n=3) decay corrected to start-of-synthesis, >99% radiochemical purity, and a molar activity of 122-267 GBq/μmol (3.3-7.2 Ci/μmol).
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Affiliation(s)
- J A H Inkster
- Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - S Zhang
- Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - V Akurathi
- Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - A Belanger
- Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - S Dubey
- Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - T Treves
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - A B Packard
- Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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21
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Subramaniam RM, Jadvar H, Colletti PM, Guimaraes A, Gullapali R, Iagaru AH, McConathy J, Meltzer CC, Nadel H, Noto RB, Packard AB, Rohren EM, Oates ME. ACR and SNMMI Joint Credentialing Statement for PET/MRI of the Body. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:1174-1176. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.193524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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22
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Dearling JL, Packard AB. A Sensitive Method for the Measurement of Copper at Trace Levels Using an HPLC-Based Assay. Curr Radiopharm 2017; 10:59-64. [DOI: 10.2174/1874471010666170125111147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Measurement of trace metal contamination is critical in the production of
radiometals, such as 64Cu, for protein labeling. ICP-MS provides these data with high sensitivity and
high specificity, but at high (instrument) cost. TETA (1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-1,4,8,11-
tetraacetic acid) titration provides high sensitivity at low cost but with low specificity. A method that
allowed the measurement of trace metals with high sensitivity but also at relatively low cost would,
therefore, be very useful in the development of new radiometal production methods.
<p><p>
Objective: The goal of this project was to develop an analytical method for copper that uses readily
available laboratory equipment while minimally achieving low ppm sensitivity.
<p><p>
Method: The metal-chelating macrocycle 2-(4-aminobenzyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,
10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) was coupled to fluorescein to produce a molecule that combines high
UV absorbance and high quantum yield with the ability to chelate a wide range of transition metals.
The fluorescein-DOTA was mixed with Cu(II) samples at low ppm concentrations, and the samples
were analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC.
<p><p>
Results: Copper chelation by the DOTA moiety decreased its overall charge, leading to a delayed
elution from a C18 HPLC column. The absorbance signal of the fluorescein-DOTA-Cu(II) peak (453
nm) linearly correlated with the copper concentration allowing measurement of Cu(II) down to 1.25
ppm. Furthermore, using fluorescence detection (521 nm) the detection limit was reduced by almost
three orders of magnitude, to 2.5 ppb (p<0.05).
<p><p>
Conclusion: Using a fluorescent dye (fluorescein) coupled to a macrocyclic chelator (DOTA) and an
HPLC equipped with a standard UV detector is it possible to measure Cu at ppm concentrations, the
Cu concentration observed in typical samples of 64Cu.
<p><p>
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L.J. Dearling
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children`s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 and the Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115,United States
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23
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Cowan DB, Yao R, Akurathi V, Snay ER, Thedsanamoorthy JK, Zurakowski D, Ericsson M, Friehs I, Wu Y, Levitsky S, del Nido PJ, Packard AB, McCully JD. Intracoronary Delivery of Mitochondria to the Ischemic Heart for Cardioprotection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160889. [PMID: 27500955 PMCID: PMC4976938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that transplantation of autologously derived, respiration-competent mitochondria by direct injection into the heart following transient ischemia and reperfusion enhances cell viability and contractile function. To increase the therapeutic potential of this approach, we investigated whether exogenous mitochondria can be effectively delivered through the coronary vasculature to protect the ischemic myocardium and studied the fate of these transplanted organelles in the heart. Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts were subjected to 30 minutes of ischemia and then reperfused for 10 minutes. Mitochondria were labeled with 18F-rhodamine 6G and iron oxide nanoparticles. The labeled mitochondria were either directly injected into the ischemic region or delivered by vascular perfusion through the coronary arteries at the onset of reperfusion. These hearts were used for positron emission tomography, microcomputed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging with subsequent microscopic analyses of tissue sections to confirm the uptake and distribution of exogenous mitochondria. Injected mitochondria were localized near the site of delivery; while, vascular perfusion of mitochondria resulted in rapid and extensive dispersal throughout the heart. Both injected and perfused mitochondria were observed in interstitial spaces and were associated with blood vessels and cardiomyocytes. To determine the efficacy of vascular perfusion of mitochondria, an additional group of rabbit hearts were subjected to 30 minutes of regional ischemia and reperfused for 120 minutes. Immediately following regional ischemia, the hearts received unlabeled, autologous mitochondria delivered through the coronary arteries. Autologous mitochondria perfused through the coronary vasculature significantly decreased infarct size and significantly enhanced post-ischemic myocardial function. In conclusion, the delivery of mitochondria through the coronary arteries resulted in their rapid integration and widespread distribution throughout the heart and provided cardioprotection from ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B. Cowan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DBC); (JDM)
| | - Rouan Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Vamsidhar Akurathi
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Erin R. Snay
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jerusha K. Thedsanamoorthy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - David Zurakowski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ingeborg Friehs
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Yaotang Wu
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Sidney Levitsky
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Pedro J. del Nido
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Alan B. Packard
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - James D. McCully
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DBC); (JDM)
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24
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Kronauge J, Packard AB. In Memoriam: Alan Davison, PhD, 1936-2015. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:11N-5N. [PMID: 26833907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan B Packard
- Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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25
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Pandey MK, Bansal A, Engelbrecht HP, Byrne JF, Packard AB, DeGrado TR. Improved production and processing of 89Zr using a solution target. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:97-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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26
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Bartholomä MD, Zhang S, Akurathi V, Pacak CA, Dunning P, Fahey FH, Cowan DB, Treves ST, Packard AB. (18)F-labeled rhodamines as potential myocardial perfusion agents: comparison of pharmacokinetic properties of several rhodamines. Nucl Med Biol 2015. [PMID: 26205075 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We recently reported the development of the [(18)F]fluorodiethylene glycol ester of rhodamine B as a potential positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). This compound was developed by optimizing the ester moiety on the rhodamine B core, and its pharmacokinetic properties were found to be superior to those of the prototype ethyl ester. The goal of the present study was to optimize the rhodamine core while retaining the fluorodiethyleneglycol ester prosthetic group. METHODS A series of different rhodamine cores (rhodamine 6G, rhodamine 101, and tetramethylrhodamine) were labeled with (18)F using the corresponding rhodamine lactones as the precursors and [(18)F]fluorodiethylene glycol ester as the prosthetic group. The compounds were purified by semipreparative HPLC, and their biodistribution was measured in rats. Additionally, the uptake of the compounds was evaluated in isolated rat cardiomyocytes. RESULTS As was the case with the different prosthetic groups, we found that the rhodamine core has a significant effect on the in vitro and in vivo properties of this series of compounds. Of the rhodamines evaluated to date, the pharmacologic properties of the (18)F-labeled diethylene glycol ester of rhodamine 6G are superior to those of the (18)F-labeled diethylene glycol esters of rhodamine B, rhodamine 101, and tetramethylrhodamine. As with (18)F-labeled rhodamine B, [(18)F]rhodamine 6G was observed to localize in the mitochondria of isolated rat cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, the (18)F-labeled diethylene glycol ester of rhodamine 6G is the most promising potential PET MPI radiopharmaceutical of those that have evaluated to date, and we are now preparing to carry out first-in-human clinical studies with this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Bartholomä
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shaohui Zhang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Vamsidhar Akurathi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Christina A Pacak
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Patricia Dunning
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Frederic H Fahey
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Douglas B Cowan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - S Ted Treves
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alan B Packard
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Dearling JLJ, Paterson BM, Akurathi V, Betanzos-Lara S, Treves ST, Voss SD, White JM, Huston JS, Smith SV, Donnelly PS, Packard AB. The ionic charge of copper-64 complexes conjugated to an engineered antibody affects biodistribution. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:707-17. [PMID: 25719414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of biomolecules as imaging probes requires radiolabeling methods that do not significantly influence their biodistribution. Sarcophagine (Sar) chelators form extremely stable complexes with copper and are therefore a promising option for labeling proteins with (64)Cu. However, initial studies using the first-generation sarcophagine bifunctional chelator SarAr to label the engineered antibody fragment ch14.18-ΔCH2 (MW 120 kDa) with (64)Cu showed high tracer retention in the kidneys, presumably because the high local positive charge on the Cu(II)-SarAr moiety resulted in increased binding of the labeled protein to the negatively charged basal cells of the glomerulus. To test this hypothesis, ch14.18-ΔCH2 was conjugated with a series of Sar derivatives of decreasing positive charge and three commonly used macrocyclic polyaza polycarboxylate (PAC) bifunctional chelators (BFC). The immunoconjugates were labeled with (64)Cu and injected into mice, and PET/CT images were obtained at 24 and 48 h postinjection (p.i.). At 48 h p.i., ex vivo biodistribution was assessed. In addition, to demonstrate the potential of metastasis detection using (64)Cu-labeled ch14.18-ΔCH2, a preclinical imaging study of intrahepatic neuroblastoma tumors was performed. Reducing the positive charge on the Sar chelators decreased kidney uptake of Cu-labeled ch14.18-ΔCH2 by more than 6-fold, from >45 to <6% ID/g, whereas the uptake in most other tissues, including liver, was relatively unchanged. However, despite this dramatic decrease, the renal uptake of the PAC BFCs was generally lower than that of the Sar derivatives, as was the liver uptake. Uptake of (64)Cu-labeled ch14.18-ΔCH2 in neuroblastoma hepatic metastases was detected using PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L J Dearling
- †Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,‡Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Brett M Paterson
- §School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Vamsidhar Akurathi
- †Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,‡Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Soledad Betanzos-Lara
- †Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - S Ted Treves
- †Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,‡Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Stephan D Voss
- †Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,‡Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jonathan M White
- §School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | - Suzanne V Smith
- #Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- §School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Alan B Packard
- †Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,‡Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Jadvar H, Subramaniam RM, Berman CG, Boada F, Colletti PM, Guimaraes AR, McConathy J, Meltzer CC, Noto RB, Packard AB, Rohren EM, Oates ME. American College of Radiology and Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Joint Credentialing Statement for PET/MR Imaging: Brain. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:642-5. [PMID: 25745088 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.155218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Jadvar
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Sromek AW, Zhang S, Akurathi V, Packard AB, Li W, Alagille D, Morley TJ, Baldwin R, Tamagnan G, Neumeyer JL. Convenient synthesis of 18F-radiolabeled R-(-)-N-n-propyl-2-(3-fluoropropanoxy-11-hydroxynoraporphine. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 57:725-9. [PMID: 25400260 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Aporphines are attractive candidates for imaging D2 receptor function because, as agonists rather than antagonists, they are selective for the receptor in the high affinity state. In contrast, D2 antagonists do not distinguish between the high and low affinity states, and in vitro data suggests that this distinction may be important in studying diseases characterized by D2 dysregulation, such as schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. Accordingly, MCL-536 (R-(-)-N-n-propyl-2-(3-[(18)F]fluoropropanoxy-11-hydroxynoraporphine) was selected for labeling with (18)F based on in vitro data obtained for the non-radioactive ((19)F) compound. Fluorine-18-labeled MCL-536 was synthesized in 70% radiochemical yield, >99% radiochemical purity, and specific activity of 167 GBq/µmol (4.5 Ci/µmol) using p-toluenesulfonyl (tosyl) both as a novel protecting group for the phenol and a leaving group for the radiofluorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna W Sromek
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478-9106, USA
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DeGrado TR, Pandey MK, Byrne JF, Engelbrecht HP, Jiang H, Packard AB, Thomas KA, Jacobson MS, Curran GL, Lowe VJ. Preparation and preliminary evaluation of 63Zn-zinc citrate as a novel PET imaging biomarker for zinc. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:1348-54. [PMID: 25047329 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.141218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Abnormalities of zinc homeostasis are indicated in many human diseases. A noninvasive imaging method for monitoring zinc in the body would be useful to understand zinc dynamics in health and disease. To provide a PET imaging agent for zinc, we have investigated production of (63)Zn (half-life, 38.5 min) via the (63)Cu(p,n)(63)Zn reaction using isotopically enriched solutions of (63)Cu-copper nitrate. A solution target was used for rapid isolation of the (63)Zn radioisotope from the parent (63)Cu ions. Initial biologic evaluation was performed by biodistribution and PET imaging in normal mice. METHODS To produce (63)Zn, solutions of (63)Cu-copper nitrate in dilute nitric acid were irradiated by 14-MeV protons in a low-energy cyclotron. An automated module was used to purify (63)Zn from (63)Cu in the target solution. The (63)Cu-(63)Zn mixture was trapped on a cation-exchange resin and rinsed with water, and the (63)Zn was eluted using 0.05 N HCl in 90% acetone. The resulting solution was neutralized with NaHCO3, and the (63)Zn was then trapped on a carboxymethyl cartridge, washed with water, and eluted with isotonic 4% sodium citrate. Standard quality control tests were performed on the product according to current good manufacturing practice, including radionuclidic identity and purity, and measurement of nonradioactive Zn(+2), Cu(+2), Fe(+3), and Ni(+2) by ion-chromatography high-performance liquid chromatography. Biodistribution and PET imaging studies were performed in B6.SJL mice after intravenous administration of (63)Zn-zinc citrate. (63)Cu target material was recycled by eluting the initial resin with 4N HNO3. RESULTS Yields of 1.07 ± 0.22 GBq (uncorrected at 30-36 min after end of bombardment) of (63)Zn-zinc citrate were obtained with a 1.23 M (63)Cu-copper nitrate solution. Radionuclidic purity was greater than 99.9%, with copper content lower than 3 μg/batch. Specific activities were 41.2 ± 18.1 MBq/μg (uncorrected) for the (63)Zn product. PET and biodistribution studies in mice at 60 min showed expected high uptake in the pancreas (standard uptake value, 8.8 ± 3.2), liver (6.0 ± 1.9), upper intestine (4.7 ± 2.1), and kidney (4.2 ± 1.3). CONCLUSION A practical and current good manufacturing practice-compliant preparation of radionuclidically pure (63)Zn-zinc citrate has been developed that will enable PET imaging studies in animal and human studies. (63)Zn-zinc citrate showed the expected biodistribution in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John F Byrne
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | | | - Huailei Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Alan B Packard
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kevin A Thomas
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Pandey MK, Byrne JF, Jiang H, Packard AB, DeGrado TR. Cyclotron production of (68)Ga via the (68)Zn(p,n)(68)Ga reaction in aqueous solution. Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2014; 4:303-310. [PMID: 24982816 PMCID: PMC4074496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present work is to extend the applicability of the solution target approach to the production of (68)Ga using a low energy cyclotron. Since the developed method does not require solid target infrastructure, it offers a convenient alternative to (68)Ge/(68)Ga generators for the routine production of (68)Ga. A new solution target with enhanced heat exchange capacity was designed and utilized with dual foils of Al (0.20 mm) and Havar (0.038 mm) separated by helium cooling to degrade the proton energy to ~14 MeV. The water-cooled solution target insert was made of Ta and its solution holding capacity (1.6 mL) was reduced to enhance heat transfer. An isotopically enriched (99.23%) 1.7 M solution of (68)Zn nitrate in 0.2 N nitric acid was utilized in a closed target system. After a 30 min irradiation at 20 μA, the target solution was unloaded to a receiving vessel and the target was rinsed with 1.6 mL water, which was combined with the target solution. An automated module was used to pass the solution through a cation-exchange column (AG-50W-X8, 200-400 mesh, hydrogen form) which efficiently trapped zinc and gallium isotopes. (68)Zn was subsequently eluted with 30 mL of 0.5 N HBr formulated in 80% acetone without any measurable loss of (68)Ga. (68)Ga was eluted with 7 mL of 3 N HCl solution with 92-96% elution efficiency. The radionuclidic purity was determined using an HPGe detector. Additionally, ICP-MS was employed to analyze for non-radioactive metal contaminants. The product yield was 192.5 ± 11.0 MBq/μ·h decay-corrected to EOB with a total processing time of 60-80 min. The radionuclidic purity of (68)Ga was found to be >99.9%, with the predominant contaminant being 67Ga. The ICP-MS analysis showed small quantities of Ga, Fe, Cu, Ni and Zn in the final product, with (68)Ga specific activity of 5.20-6.27 GBq/μg. Depending upon the user requirements, (68)Ga production yield can be further enhanced by increasing the (68)Zn concentration in the target solution and extending the irradiation time. In summary, a simple and efficient method of (68)Ga production was developed using low energy cyclotron and a solution target. The developed methodology offers a cost-effective alternative to the (68)Ge/(68)Ga generators for the production of (68)Ga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh K Pandey
- Department of Radiology, Mayo ClinicRochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - John F Byrne
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Huailei Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Mayo ClinicRochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Alan B Packard
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA 02115, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L J Dearling
- Boston Children's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
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O'Neill AF, Dearling JLJ, Wang Y, Tupper T, Sun Y, Aster JC, Calicchio ML, Perez-Atayde AR, Packard AB, Kung AL. Targeted imaging of Ewing sarcoma in preclinical models using a 64Cu-labeled anti-CD99 antibody. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 20:678-87. [PMID: 24218512 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ewing sarcoma is a tumor of the bone and soft tissue characterized by diffuse cell membrane expression of CD99 (MIC2). Single-site, surgically resectable disease is associated with an excellent 5-year event-free survival; conversely, patients with distant metastases have a poor prognosis. Noninvasive imaging is the standard approach to identifying sites of metastatic disease. We sought to develop a CD99-targeted imaging agent for staging Ewing sarcoma and other CD99-expressing tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We identified a CD99 antibody with highly specific binding in vitro and labeled this antibody with (64)Cu. Mice with either subcutaneous Ewing sarcoma xenograft tumors or micrometastases were imaged with the (64)Cu-labeled anti-CD99 antibody and these results were compared with conventional MRI and 2[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging. RESULTS (64)Cu-labeled anti-CD99 antibody demonstrated high avidity for the CD99-positive subcutaneous tumors, with a high tumor-to-background ratio, greater than that demonstrated with FDG-PET. Micrometastases, measuring 1 to 2 mm on MRI, were not detected with FDG-PET but were readily visualized with the (64)Cu-labeled anti-CD99 antibody. Probe biodistribution studies demonstrated high specificity of the probe for CD99-positive tumors. CONCLUSIONS (64)Cu-labeled anti-CD99 antibody can detect subcutaneous Ewing sarcoma tumors and metastatic sites with high sensitivity, outperforming FDG-PET in preclinical studies. This targeted radiotracer may have important implications for the diagnosis, surveillance, and treatment of Ewing sarcoma. Similarly, it may impact the management of other CD99 positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison F O'Neill
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School; Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School; Lurie Family Imaging Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School; Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
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Bartholomä MD, He H, Pacak CA, Dunning P, Fahey FH, McGowan FX, Cowan DB, Treves ST, Packard AB. Biological characterization of F-18-labeled rhodamine B, a potential positron emission tomography perfusion tracer. Nucl Med Biol 2013; 40:1043-8. [PMID: 24011396 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myocardial infarction is the leading cause of death in western countries, and positron emission tomography (PET) plays an increasing role in the diagnosis and treatment planning for this disease. However, the absence of an (18)F-labeled PET myocardial perfusion tracer hampers the widespread use of PET in myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). We recently reported a potential MPI agent based on (18)F-labeled rhodamine B. The goal of this study was to more completely define the biological properties of (18)F-labeled rhodamine B with respect to uptake and localization in an animal model of myocardial infarction and to evaluate the uptake (18)F-labeled rhodamine B by cardiomyocytes. METHODS A total of 12 female Sprague Dawley rats with a permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) were studied with small-animal PET. The animals were injected with 100-150 μCi of (18)F-labeled rhodamine B diethylene glycol ester ([(18)F]RhoBDEGF) and imaged two days before ligation. The animals were imaged again two to ten days post-ligation. After the post-surgery scans, the animals were euthanized and the hearts were sectioned into 1mm slices and myocardial infarct size was determined by phosphorimaging and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining (TTC). In addition, the uptake of [(18)F]RhoBDEGF in isolated rat neonatal cardiomyocytes was determined by fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Small-animal PET showed intense and uniform uptake of [(18)F]RhoBDEGF throughout the myocardium in healthy rats. After LAD ligation, well defined perfusion defects were observed in the PET images. The defect size was highly correlated with the infarct size as determined ex vivo by phosphorimaging and TTC staining. In vitro, [(18)F]RhoBDEGF was rapidly internalized into rat cardiomyocytes with ~40 % of the initial activity internalized within the 60 min incubation time. Fluorescence microscopy clearly demonstrated localization of [(18)F]RhoBDEGF in the mitochondria of rat cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION Fluorine-18-labeled rhodamine B diethylene glycol ester ([(18)F]RhoBDEGF) provides excellent image quality and clear delineation of myocardial infarcts in a rat infarct model. In vitro studies demonstrate localization of the tracer in the mitochondria of cardiac myocytes. In combination, these results support the continued evaluation of this tracer for the PET assessment of myocardial perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Bartholomä
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston; Harvard Medical School, Boston
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Dearling JLJ, Barnes JW, Panigrahy D, Zimmerman RE, Fahey F, Treves ST, Morrison MS, Kieran MW, Packard AB. Specific uptake of 99mTc-NC100692, an αvβ3-targeted imaging probe, in subcutaneous and orthotopic tumors. Nucl Med Biol 2013; 40:788-94. [PMID: 23701702 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The αvβ3 integrin, which is expressed by angiogenic epithelium and some tumor cells, is an attractive target for the development of both imaging agents and therapeutics. While optimal implementation of αvβ3-targeted therapeutics will require a priori identification of the presence of the target, the clinical evaluation of these compounds has typically not included parallel studies with αvβ3-targeted diagnostics. This is at least partly due to the relatively limited availability of PET radiopharmaceuticals in comparison to those labeled with (99m)Tc. In an effort to begin to address this limitation, we evaluated the tumor uptake of (99m)Tc-NC100692, a cyclic RGD peptide that binds to αvβ3 with ~1-nM affinity, in an αvβ3-positive tumor model as well as its in vivo specificity. METHODS MicroSPECT imaging was used to assess the ability of cilengitide, a therapeutic with high affinity for αvβ3, to block and displace (99m)Tc-NC100692 in an orthotopic U87 glioma tumor. The specificity of (99m)Tc-NC100692 was quantitatively evaluated in mice bearing subcutaneous U87MG tumors, by comparison of the biodistribution of (99m)Tc-NC100692 with that of the non-specific structural analogue (99m)Tc-AH-111744 and by blocking uptake of (99m)Tc-NC100692 with excess unlabeled NC100692. RESULTS MicroSPECT imaging studies demonstrated that uptake of (99m)Tc-NC100692 in the intracranial tumor model was both blocked and displaced by the αvβ3-targeted therapeutic cilengitide. Biodistribution studies provided quantitative confirmation of these imaging results. Tumor uptake of (99m)Tc-NC100692 at 1h post-injection was 2.8 ± 0.7% ID/g compared to 0.38 ± 0.1% ID/g for (99m)Tc-AH-111744 (p < 0.001). Blocking (99m)Tc-NC100692 uptake by pre-injecting the mice with excess unlabeled NC100692 reduced tumor uptake by approximately five-fold, to 0.68 ± 0.3% ID/g (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION These results confirm that (99m)Tc-NC100692 does, in fact, target the αvβ3 integrin and may, therefore, be useful in identifying patients prior to anti-αvβ3 therapy as well as monitoring the response of these patients to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L J Dearling
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Bartholomä MD, Gottumukkala V, Zhang S, Baker A, Dunning P, Fahey FH, Treves ST, Packard AB. Effect of the prosthetic group on the pharmacologic properties of 18F-labeled rhodamine B, a potential myocardial perfusion agent for positron emission tomography (PET). J Med Chem 2012; 55:11004-12. [PMID: 23210516 DOI: 10.1021/jm301453p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported the development of the 2-[(18)F]fluoroethyl ester of rhodamine B as a potential positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for myocardial perfusion imaging. This compound, which was prepared using a [(18)F]fluoroethyl prosthetic group, has significant uptake in the myocardium in rats but also demonstrates relatively high liver uptake and is rapidly hydrolyzed in vivo in mice. We have now prepared (18)F-labeled rhodamine B using three additional prosthetic groups (propyl, diethylene glycol, and triethylene glycol) and found that the prosthetic group has a significant effect on the in vitro and in vivo properties of these compounds. Of the esters prepared to date, the diethylene glycol ester is superior in terms of in vitro stability and pharmacokinetics. These observations suggest that the prosthetic group plays a significant role in determining the pharmacological properties of (18)F-labeled compounds. They also support the value of continued investigation of (18)F-labeled rhodamines as PET radiopharmaceuticals for myocardial perfusion imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Bartholomä
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Vavere AL, Butch ER, Dearling JLJ, Packard AB, Navid F, Shulkin BL, Barfield RC, Snyder SE. 64Cu-p-NH2-Bn-DOTA-hu14.18K322A, a PET radiotracer targeting neuroblastoma and melanoma. J Nucl Med 2012; 53:1772-8. [PMID: 23064212 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.104208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The hu14.18K322A variant of the GD2-targeting antibody hu14.18 has been shown to elicit a level of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity toward human neuroblastoma cells similar to that of the parent antibody. However, hu14.18K322A exhibited a decreased complement activation and associated pain, the dose-limiting toxicity in neuroblastoma immunotherapy. PET with a radiolabeled analog of the same antibody used in treatment will provide insight into the ability of hu14.18K322A to reach its target, as well as nontarget uptake that may cause side effects. Such antibody radiotracers might also provide a method for measuring GD2 expression in tumors, thus enabling the prediction of response to anti-GD2 therapy for individual patients. METHODS The conjugation of hu14.18K322A with p-NH(2)-Bn-DOTA was accomplished using N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide with subsequent (64)Cu radiolabeling at 37°C for 30 min. Immunoreactivity of the conjugate was assessed by a dose-escalation blocking experiment measuring binding to purified GD2 versus GD1b as a negative control. Cell uptake and biodistribution studies in M21 (GD2-positive) and PC-3 (GD2-negative) tumor models were performed, as was small-animal PET/CT of M21 and PC-3 tumor-bearing mice. RESULTS The labeling of (64)Cu-p-NH(2)-Bn-DOTA-hu14.18K322A was achieved at more than 95% radiochemical purity and a specific activity of 127-370 MBq/mg (3.4-10 mCi/mg) after chromatographic purification. Preliminary in vitro data demonstrated a greater than 6-fold selectivity of binding to GD2 versus GD1b and dose-dependent inhibition of binding by unmodified hu14.8K322A. In vivo data, including small-animal PET/CT, showed significant GD2-positive tumor-targeting ability, with a persistent 2-fold-higher uptake of radiotracer than in GD2-negative tumors. CONCLUSION (64)Cu-p-NH(2)-Bn-DOTA-hu14.18K322A represents a novel PET radiotracer to facilitate clinical investigations of anti-GD2 immunotherapies and to complement other imaging modalities in the staging and treatment of neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Vavere
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Abstract
Integrins are involved in a wide range of cell interactions. Imaging their distribution using high-resolution noninvasive techniques that are directly translatable to the clinic can provide new insights into disease processes and presents the opportunity to directly monitor new therapies. In this chapter, we describe a protocol to image, the in vivo distribution of the integrin β(7), expressed by lymphocytes recruited to and retained by the inflamed gut, using a radiolabeled whole antibody. The antibody is purified, conjugated with a bifunctional chelator for labeling with a radiometal, labeled with the positron-emitting radionuclide (64)Cu, and injected into mice for microPET studies. Mice with DSS-induced colitis were found to have higher uptake of the (64)Cu-labeled antibody in the gut than control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L J Dearling
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA.
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Dearling JLJ, Voss SD, Dunning P, Snay E, Fahey F, Smith SV, Huston JS, Meares CF, Treves ST, Packard AB. Imaging cancer using PET--the effect of the bifunctional chelator on the biodistribution of a (64)Cu-labeled antibody. Nucl Med Biol 2010; 38:29-38. [PMID: 21220127 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Use of copper radioisotopes in antibody radiolabeling is challenged by reported loss of the radionuclide from the bifunctional chelator used to label the protein. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the thermodynamic stability of the (64)Cu-complexes of five commonly used bifunctional chelators (BFCs) and the biodistribution of an antibody labeled with (64)Cu using these chelators in tumor-bearing mice. METHODS The chelators [S-2-(aminobenzyl)1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (p-NH(2)-Bn-NOTA): 6-[p-(bromoacetamido)benzyl]-1, 4, 8, 11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-N, N', N'', N'''-tetraacetic acid (BAT-6): S-2-(4-aminobenzyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododocane tetraacetic acid (p-NH(2)-Bn-DOTA): 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododocane-N, N', N", N"'-tetraacetic acid (DOTA): and 1-N-(4-aminobenzyl)-3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaazabicyclo[6.6.6]eicosane-1,8-diamine (SarAr)] were conjugated to the anti-GD2 antibody ch14.18, and the modified antibody was labeled with (64)Cu and injected into mice bearing subcutaneous human melanoma tumors (M21) (n = 3-5 for each study). Biodistribution data were obtained from positron emission tomography images acquired at 1, 24 and 48 hours post-injection, and at 48 hours post-injection a full ex vivo biodistribution study was carried out. RESULTS The biodistribution, including tumor targeting, was similar for all the radioimmunoconjugates. At 48 h post-injection, the only statistically significant differences in radionuclide uptake (p < 0.05) were between blood, liver, spleen and kidney. For example, liver uptake of [(64)Cu]ch14.18-p-NH(2)-Bn-NOTA was 4.74 ± 0.77 per cent of the injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g), and for [(64)Cu]ch14.18-SarAr was 8.06 ± 0.77 %ID/g. Differences in tumor targeting correlated with variations in tumor size rather than which BFC was used. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that differences in the thermodynamic stability of these chelator-Cu(II) complexes were not associated with significant differences in uptake of the tracer by the tumor. However, there were significant differences in tracer concentration in other tissues, including those involved in clearance of the radioimmunoconjugate (e.g., liver and spleen).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L J Dearling
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Dearling JLJ, Park EJ, Dunning P, Baker A, Fahey F, Treves ST, Soriano SG, Shimaoka M, Packard AB, Peer D. Detection of intestinal inflammation by MicroPET imaging using a (64)Cu-labeled anti-beta(7) integrin antibody. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010; 16:1458-66. [PMID: 20186943 PMCID: PMC2930103 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary function of integrin beta(7) is the recruitment and retention of lymphocytes to the inflamed gut. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of imaging colitis radioimmunodetection by targeting the beta(7) integrin with a radiolabeled antibody. METHODS FIB504.64, a monoclonal antibody that binds to beta(7) integrin, was conjugated with a bifunctional chelator and labeled with (64)Cu. The antibody (50 microg, 7 MBq) was injected into C57BL/6 mice with experimentally induced colitis (n = 6). MicroPET images were collected at 1, 24, and 48 hours postinjection and the biodistribution was measured at 48 hours by tissue assay. Data were also obtained for a (64)Cu-labeled nonspecific isotype-matched antibody in mice with colitis and (64)Cu-labeled FIB504.64 in healthy mice (n = 5-6). RESULTS The microPET images showed higher uptake of (64)Cu-labeled FIB504.64 in the gut of mice with colitis than for either of the controls. This observation was confirmed by the 48-hour ex vivo biodistribution data: the percentage of injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g +/- SD) (large intestine) colitis mice with (64)Cu-labeled FIB504.64, 6.49 +/- 2.25; control mice with (64)Cu-labeled FIB504.64, 3.64 +/- 1.12; colitis mice, (64)Cu-labeled nonspecific antibody 3.97 +/- 0.48%ID/g (P < 0.05 between groups). CONCLUSIONS The selective uptake of (64)Cu-labeled FIB504.64 antibody in the gut of animals with colitis suggests that integrin beta(7) may be a promising target for radioimmunodetection of this disease, which would aid diagnosis, assessment, and therapy guidance of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason LJ Dearling
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, Corresponding authors: JLJD, , Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Boston, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115., Tel: 001-617-919-2106, Fax: 001-617-730-0619; DP, , Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel, Tel: (972)-3-6407925, Fax: (972)-3-6405926
| | - Eun Jeong Park
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, Immune Disease Institute, 3 Blackfan Circle, The Center for Life Science Boston, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Patricia Dunning
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Amanda Baker
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Frederic Fahey
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115
| | - S Ted Treves
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Sulpicio G Soriano
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, Immune Disease Institute, 3 Blackfan Circle, The Center for Life Science Boston, Boston, MA 02115, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Children's Hospital, Boston
| | - Motomu Shimaoka
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, Immune Disease Institute, 3 Blackfan Circle, The Center for Life Science Boston, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Alan B Packard
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel, Corresponding authors: JLJD, , Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Boston, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115., Tel: 001-617-919-2106, Fax: 001-617-730-0619; DP, , Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Department of Cell Research & Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel, Tel: (972)-3-6407925, Fax: (972)-3-6405926
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Dearling JLJ, Packard AB. Some thoughts on the mechanism of cellular trapping of Cu(II)-ATSM. Nucl Med Biol 2010; 37:237-43. [PMID: 20346863 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cu(II)-ATSM continues to be investigated, both in the laboratory and in the clinic, as a tumor hypoxia imaging agent. However, meaningful interpretation of these images requires a more complete understanding of the mechanism by which the tracer is trapped within the cell. Cu(II)-ATSM is a simple molecule and its biochemical interaction with cells is similarly simple, mainly based upon redox chemistry. Here we suggest that the trapping mechanism is biphasic. The first phase is a reduction/oxidation cycle involving thiols and molecular oxygen. This can be followed by interaction with proteins in the mitochondria leading to more permanent retention of the tracer. The uptake mechanism is complicated by this second step because of the changes in the cell resulting from hypoxia, such as an increase in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) redox state and differences in cellular biochemistry and cell proteomes. These changes may lead to differences in the extent of trapping and retention of the (64)Cu in different cell types. For example, copper uptake might be increased in cells with lower pH due to the lower stability of metal bis(thiosemicarbazones) under acidic conditions. Reaction rates with cellular reductants also vary with pH, which differs between cellular organelles. For Cu(II)-ATSM to reach its full potential, more complete characterization of the mechanism of cellular trapping in different cell types is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L J Dearling
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Heinrich TK, Gottumukkala V, Snay E, Dunning P, Fahey FH, Ted Treves S, Packard AB. Synthesis of fluorine-18 labeled rhodamine B: A potential PET myocardial perfusion imaging agent. Appl Radiat Isot 2009; 68:96-100. [PMID: 19783150 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in developing an (18)F-labeled PET myocardial perfusion agent. Rhodamine dyes share several properties with (99m)Tc-MIBI, the most commonly used single-photon myocardial perfusion agent, suggesting that an (18)F-labeled rhodamine dye might prove useful for this application. In addition to being lipophilic cations, like (99m)Tc-MIBI, rhodamine dyes are known to accumulate in the myocardium and are substrates for Pgp, the protein implicated in MDR1 multidrug resistance. As the first step in determining whether (18)F-labeled rhodamines might be useful as myocardial perfusion agents for PET, our objective was to develop synthetic methods for preparing the (18)F-labeled compounds so that they could be evaluated in vivo. Rhodamine B was chosen as the prototype compound for development of the synthesis because the ethyl substituents on the amine moieties of rhodamine B protect them from side reactions, thus eliminating the need to include (and subsequently remove) protecting groups. The 2'-[(18)F]fluoroethyl ester of rhodamine B was synthesized by heating rhodamine B lactone with [(18)F]fluoroethyltosylate in acetonitrile at 165 degrees C for 30min using [(18)F]fluoroethyl tosylate, which was prepared by the reaction of ethyleneglycol ditosylate with Kryptofix 2.2.2, K(2)CO(3), and [(18)F]NaF in acetonitrile for 10min at 90 degrees C. The product was purified by semi-preparative HPLC to produce the 2'-[(18)F]fluoroethylester in >97% radiochemical purity with a specific activity of 1.3GBq/mumol, an isolated decay corrected yield of 35%, and a total synthesis time of 90min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias K Heinrich
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Kiani S, Staples RJ, Treves ST, Packard AB. Synthesis and Characterization of a Tetramethyl Furanone Functionalized Diiminedioxime, A Potential Ligand for Cu Radiopharmaceuticals, and its Copper(II) and Nickel(II) Complexes. Polyhedron 2009; 28:775-781. [PMID: 20161333 DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As part of our on-going effort to develop (64)Cu-based radiopharmaceuticals for PET (positron emission tomography) imaging of multidrug resistance in cancer, we prepared a tetramethylfuranone-functionalized diiminedioxime ligand, TMFPreH (TMFPreH = 4-[3-(4-Hydroxyimino-2,2,5,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-3-ylideneamino)-propylimino]-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-dihydro-furan-3-one oxime) and its Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes. When the copper(II) complex was prepared from Cu(ClO(4))(2) in ethanol, it was isolated as a Cu(II)-bridged dimer, but when it was prepared from Cu(OAc)(2) and heated in acetone, an unusual example of an acetone adduct of the ligand is formed by reduction of one of the imine double bonds by the solvent. The Ni(II) complex is square pyramidal with the perchlorate counterion at the apex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Kiani
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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Grant FD, Fahey FH, Packard AB, Davis RT, Alavi A, Treves ST. Skeletal PET with18F-Fluoride: Applying New Technology to an Old Tracer. J Nucl Med 2007; 49:68-78. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.106.037200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Mulkern RV, Hung YP, Ababneh Z, Maier SE, Packard AB, Uluer MC, Kacher DF, Gambarota G, Voss S. On the strong field dependence and nonlinear response to gadolinium contrast agent of proton transverse relaxation rates in dairy cream. Magn Reson Imaging 2006; 23:757-64. [PMID: 16198831 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2005.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2005] [Accepted: 07/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Dairy cream, as a suspension of lipid droplets in water, is a potentially useful magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) phantom material and an interesting material for studying fundamental relaxation mechanisms. Here we report a strong increase in the transverse relaxation rates with field strength for both the water and lipid protons in dairy cream. Also, studies at 4.7 T reveal a nonlinear response of transverse relaxation rates with increasing concentration of a common gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agent, including an initial decrease of water relaxation rates as measured with Hahn spin echoes at the lower Gd concentrations. The results are treated within the framework of a model in which the magnetic susceptibility difference between the lipid droplets and the aqueous phase plays the prominent role for transverse relaxation. Second-order polynomial fits of the water proton transverse relaxation rate dependence on field strength and on Gd concentration at 4.7 T provided experimental parameters from which model parameters are extracted and compared with expectations available from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert V Mulkern
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02468, USA.
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Mulkern RV, Huang J, Vajapeyam S, Packard AB, Oshio K, Grinspoon S. Fat fractions and spectral T2 values in vertebral bone marrow in HIV- and non-HIV-infected men: a 1H spectroscopic imaging study. Magn Reson Med 2004; 52:552-8. [PMID: 15334574 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.20205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fat fractions and spectral T2 values of fat and water within the vertebral marrow of non-HIV- and HIV-infected men were measured with the use of a Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) line scan spectroscopic imaging sequence. The fat fraction for the HIV-infected men (0.29 +/- 0.08) was significantly lower (P < 0.05, Student's unpaired t-test) than the fat fraction found in non-HIV-infected men (0.40 +/- 0.12). The mean water and fat T2 values did not differ between the two groups, and did not show any systematic dependence on fat fraction over the wide range of fat fractions encountered in this study. The marrow water and fat T2 values measured with the CPMG approach were markedly longer than the spectral T2 values reported by other groups using the more common point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) and stimulated-echo acquisition mode (STEAM) acquisitions. Proton spectroscopic studies of vertebral marrow revealed differences between non-HIV- and HIV-infected men that may prove useful for studying the effects of this disease and/or antiretroviral agents on body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert V Mulkern
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Treves ST, Packard AB, Fung LCT. Assessment of rapid changes in renal blood flow with (191m)Ir, an ultra-short-lived radionuclide. J Nucl Med 2004; 45:508-11. [PMID: 15001695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED We investigated the feasibility of using (191m)Ir (half-life, 5 s) to measure rapid dynamic alterations in differential renal blood flow. METHODS A nonobstructive constant renal pelvic pressure model was used. The renal pelves of 6 New Zealand White rabbits were drained by use of bilateral catheters, and increased hydrostatic pressure was achieved by raising 1 catheter to 16, 25, 30, or 35 cm above the level of the renal pelvis. The contralateral kidney served as the control. (191m)Ir first-pass angiograms were obtained at baseline, after the induction of elevated pressure in the renal pelvis, and after the pressure was returned to normal. A minimum of 3 sequential angiograms were obtained at each point. RESULTS The differential blood flow values (mean +/- SD) were 47.5% +/- 7.3% at baseline, decreased to 42.3% +/- 2.6% when the renal pelvic pressure was elevated (P = 0.001), and returned to 51.1% +/- 4.0% after the pressure was returned to normal (P = 0.0017). There was no significant difference between baseline and postcompression values (P = 0.4807). CONCLUSION It is possible to use (191m)Ir first-pass angiography to evaluate rapid dynamic changes in differential renal blood flow in an experimental animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ted Treves
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Abstract
The dimeric title copper(II) complex, diaqua-1kappaO,2kappaO-bis[3,9-dimethyl-6-(2-pyridylmethyl)-4,8-diazaundeca-3,8-diene-2,10-dione dioximato(1-)]-1k(4)N(2),N(4),N(8),N(10);1:2kappa(5)O(2):N(2),N(4),N(8),N(10)-dicopper(II) diperchlorate, [Cu(2)(C(17)H(24)N(5)O(2))(2)](ClO(4))(2), crystallizes with one Cu atom in a square-pyramidal environment and the other Cu atom displaying a distorted octahedral coordination. In each case, the four N atoms in the core of the ligand (two imine and two oxime N atoms) form the base of the pyramid, with a water molecule at an apex. The two parts of the dimer are linked by an interaction [2.869 (2) A] between one of the Cu atoms and one of the oxime O atoms coordinated to the second Cu atom, and also by a hydrogen bond between the apical water molecule on the second Cu atom and the pyridyl N atom from the coordination sphere of the first Cu atom. The pyridyl N atoms of the lariat arms are not coordinated to either of the Cu atoms. Thus, this potentially pentadentate ligand is only tetradentate when coordinated to Cu(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Kiani
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard J. Staples
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alan B. Packard
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence:
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Anderson OP, Packard AB. Structural variations in macrocyclic copper(II) complexes: crystal and molecular structures of [Cu(cyclops)H2O](ClO4) and [Cu(PreH)H2O](ClO4).H2O. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic50197a044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Anderson OP, Packard AB. Crystal and molecular structure of chloro(3-diethylaminopropionyl)[(diethylamino)(methylamino)carbene]palladium(II). Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic50183a047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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