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Kerk SA, Papagiannakopoulos T, Shah YM, Lyssiotis CA. Metabolic networks in mutant KRAS-driven tumours: tissue specificities and the microenvironment. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:510-525. [PMID: 34244683 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic mutations in KRAS drive common metabolic programmes that facilitate tumour survival, growth and immune evasion in colorectal carcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. However, the impacts of mutant KRAS signalling on malignant cell programmes and tumour properties are also dictated by tumour suppressor losses and physiological features specific to the cell and tissue of origin. Here we review convergent and disparate metabolic networks regulated by oncogenic mutant KRAS in colon, lung and pancreas tumours, with an emphasis on co-occurring mutations and the role of the tumour microenvironment. Furthermore, we explore how these networks can be exploited for therapeutic gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Kerk
- Doctoral Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thales Papagiannakopoulos
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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102
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Murphy KJ, Chambers CR, Herrmann D, Timpson P, Pereira BA. Dynamic Stromal Alterations Influence Tumor-Stroma Crosstalk to Promote Pancreatic Cancer and Treatment Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3481. [PMID: 34298706 PMCID: PMC8305001 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cancer studies now recognize that disease initiation, progression, and response to treatment are strongly influenced by the microenvironmental niche. Widespread desmoplasia, or fibrosis, is fundamental to pancreatic cancer development, growth, metastasis, and treatment resistance. This fibrotic landscape is largely regulated by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which deposit and remodel extracellular matrix (ECM) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). This review will explore the prognostic and functional value of the stromal compartment in predicting outcomes and clinical prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We will also discuss the major dynamic stromal alterations that occur in the pancreatic TME during tumor development and progression, and how the stromal ECM can influence cancer cell phenotype, metabolism, and immune response from a biochemical and biomechanical viewpoint. Lastly, we will provide an outlook on the latest clinical advances in the field of anti-fibrotic co-targeting in combination with chemotherapy or immunotherapy in PDAC, providing insight into the current challenges in treating this highly aggressive, fibrotic malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendelle J. Murphy
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; (K.J.M.); (C.R.C.); (D.H.)
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Cecilia R. Chambers
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; (K.J.M.); (C.R.C.); (D.H.)
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - David Herrmann
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; (K.J.M.); (C.R.C.); (D.H.)
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; (K.J.M.); (C.R.C.); (D.H.)
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Brooke A. Pereira
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; (K.J.M.); (C.R.C.); (D.H.)
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
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103
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Zhan P, Shu X, Chen M, Sun L, Yu L, Liu J, Sun L, Yang Z, Ran Y. miR-98-5p inhibits gastric cancer cell stemness and chemoresistance by targeting branched-chain aminotransferases 1. Life Sci 2021; 276:119405. [PMID: 33798550 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) have been used as a therapeutic target. This study aims to estimate the role of miR-98-5p (termed miR-98) in the development of GCSCs. MAIN METHODS The expression of miR-98 in CD44+ GCSCs was verified by RT-PCR. The miR-98 was overexpressed in CD44+ GCSCs by Lentivirus. The ability of self-renewal, invasion, chemoresistance and tumorigenicity was detected in vitro or in vivo after overexpression of miR-98. The target genes of miR-98 were predicted and verified by luciferase reporter assays. The effects miR-98/BCAT1 signaling on the chemoresistance and tumorigenicity of CD44+ GCSCs were investigated in a xenograft model by rescue experiments. KEY FINDINGS We have shown that miR-98 was decreased in CD44+ GCSCs. The overexpression of miR-98 could inhibit the expression of stem-related genes and the ability of self-renewal, invasion, and tumorigenicity of GCSCs. Also, we found that miR-98 overexpression enhances the sensitivity to cisplatin treatment in vitro. Using a xenograft model, we showed that miR-98 overexpression reversed paclitaxel resistance to CD44+ GCSCs. Finally, we found that branched-chain aminotransferases 1 (BCAT1) is a target gene of miR-98. Overexpressed BCAT1 reversed xenograft tumor formation ability and attenuated the paclitaxel chemosensitivity induced by miR-98 downregulation. Furthermore, BCAT1 restoration affected the expression of invasion and drug resistance-related genes. SIGNIFICANCE This study revealed miR-98 inhibits gastric cancer cell stemness and chemoresistance by targeting BCAT1, suggesting that this miR-98/BCAT1 axis represents a potential therapeutic target in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, PR China
| | - Xiong Shu
- Beijing Research Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital, Beijing 100035, PR China
| | - Meng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, PR China
| | - Lixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, PR China
| | - Long Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, PR China
| | - Lichao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, PR China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, PR China
| | - Yuliang Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, PR China.
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104
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Zhu Z, Parikh P, Zhao H, Givens NT, Beck DB, Willson CM, Bai Q, Wakefield MR, Fang Y. Targeting immunometabolism of neoplasms by interleukins: A promising immunotherapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Cancer Lett 2021; 518:94-101. [PMID: 34153401 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, tumor metabolism has become a prevalent research topic for scientists and pharmaceutical companies. As research in the field has progressed, the metabolism-based therapy of tumors has ushered in new opportunities. Most tumors emerge and evolve under selective pressure from their microenvironment, which promotes the diversification of both neoplastic and non-neoplastic compartments of the tumor microenvironment (TME), and finally reaches a certain degree of intratumoral heterogeneity. As a result of the tumor intratumoral heterogeneity, tumor cells often possess a complex energy metabolism phenotype. During tumor progression, the metabolism for both tumor parenchyma and stroma is reprogrammed. The tumor stroma mainly consists of the extracellular matrix, fibroblasts, and immune cells. Interestingly, tumor-infiltrating immune cells utilize different metabolites based on their subtype and function, and these immunometabolic pathways can be modified in the TME. In particular, interleukins play a vital role in the activation and differentiation of immune cells and have exhibited multiple effects on tumor cell neoplasia, invasion, and metastasis. In this review, we summarize the common mechanisms of interleukins affecting the tumor and tumor-infiltrating immune cells metabolically and discuss how these mechanisms may lead to novel therapeutic opportunities. This review might contribute to the novel development of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Pooja Parikh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hongyun Zhao
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathan T Givens
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Damien B Beck
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Conner M Willson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Qian Bai
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Mark R Wakefield
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Yujiang Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.
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105
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Jiang W, Qiao L, Han Y, Zhang A, An H, Xiao J, Ren L. Pancreatic stellate cells regulate branched-chain amino acid metabolism in pancreatic cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:417. [PMID: 33842638 PMCID: PMC8033345 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most lethal malignancy: it has a 5-year survival rate of less than 9%. Although surgical resection is an effective treatment for PDAC, only a small number of patients can have their tumors surgically removed. Thus, an urgent need to find new therapeutic targets for PDAC exists. Understanding the molecular mechanism of PDAC development is essential for the treatment of this malignancy. This research aimed to study the mechanisms of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), which regulate branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism in PDAC. Methods Differentially expressed proteins were detected via nanoliquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (nano-LC-MS/MS). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment methods were used to find the valine-leucine-isoleucine (BCAA) degradation pathway. The levels of BCAAs in the sera and tissues of patients with PDAC were measured by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The functions of BCAA concentrations and the effects of activated pancreatic stellate cells (aPSCs) were also evaluated by performing Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, and wound healing assays. Results A total of 1,519 proteins with significantly differential expression were discovered in PDAC and adjacent tissues by using nano-LC-MS/MS. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified the BCAA degradation pathway. The content of BCAA in PDAC clinical samples was up-regulated. However, the addition of different concentrations of BCAA to PDAC cell culture medium failed to promote the proliferation and migration of PDAC cells. Given that analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas database showed that the number of aPSCs gradually increased with the progression of PDAC, the effects of aPSCs on PDAC cells were explored. After coculture with aPSCs, PDAC cell proliferation showed a significant increase, and the proteins involved in the BCAA degradation pathway in PDAC cells had also changed. Conclusions aPSCs could regulate BCAA metabolism to enhance the progression of PDAC, indicating that the regulation of BCAA metabolism may serve as a new therapeutic direction for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Tianjin Medical University), Ministry of Education
| | - Lu Qiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yawei Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Tianjin Medical University), Ministry of Education
| | - Aimin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Hospital of ITCWM Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Haohua An
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiawei Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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106
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Whole-body metabolic fate of branched-chain amino acids. Biochem J 2021; 478:765-776. [PMID: 33626142 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) is tightly regulated in mammals. We review here the distribution and regulation of whole-body BCAA oxidation. Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the rate-limiting enzyme, branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex directly regulates BCAA oxidation, and various other indirect mechanisms of regulation also exist. Most tissues throughout the body are capable of BCAA oxidation, and the flux of oxidative BCAA disposal in each tissue is influenced by three key factors: 1. tissue-specific preference for BCAA oxidation relative to other fuels, 2. the overall oxidative activity of mitochondria within a tissue, and 3. total tissue mass. Perturbations in BCAA oxidation have been implicated in many disease contexts, underscoring the importance of BCAA homeostasis in overall health.
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107
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Gagliano T, Brancolini C. Epigenetic Mechanisms beyond Tumour-Stroma Crosstalk. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040914. [PMID: 33671588 PMCID: PMC7926949 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite cancer having been usually considered the result of genetic mutations, it is now well established that epigenetic dysregulations play pivotal roles in cancer onset and progression. Hence, inactivation of tumour suppressor genes can be gained not only by genetic mutations, but also by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modifications. To occur, epigenetic events need to be triggered by genetic alterations of the epigenetic regulators, or they can be mediated by intracellular and extracellular stimuli. In this last setting, the tumour microenvironment (TME) plays a fundamental role. Therefore, to decipher how epigenetic changes are associated with TME is a challenge still open. The complex signalling between tumour cells and stroma is currently under intensive investigation, and most of the molecules and pathways involved still need to be identified. Neoplastic initiation and development are likely to involve a back-and-forth crosstalk among cancer and stroma cells. An increasing number of studies have highlighted that the cancer epigenome can be influenced by tumour microenvironment and vice versa. Here, we discuss about the recent literature on tumour-stroma interactions that focus on epigenetic mechanisms and the reciprocal regulation between cancer and TME cells.
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108
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Hewton KG, Johal AS, Parker SJ. Transporters at the Interface between Cytosolic and Mitochondrial Amino Acid Metabolism. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11020112. [PMID: 33669382 PMCID: PMC7920303 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are central organelles that coordinate a vast array of metabolic and biologic functions important for cellular health. Amino acids are intricately linked to the bioenergetic, biosynthetic, and homeostatic function of the mitochondrion and require specific transporters to facilitate their import, export, and exchange across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Here we review key cellular metabolic outputs of eukaryotic mitochondrial amino acid metabolism and discuss both known and unknown transporters involved. Furthermore, we discuss how utilization of compartmentalized amino acid metabolism functions in disease and physiological contexts. We examine how improved methods to study mitochondrial metabolism, define organelle metabolite composition, and visualize cellular gradients allow for a more comprehensive understanding of how transporters facilitate compartmentalized metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keeley G. Hewton
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (K.G.H.); (A.S.J.)
| | - Amritpal S. Johal
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (K.G.H.); (A.S.J.)
| | - Seth J. Parker
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (K.G.H.); (A.S.J.)
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 0B3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-604-875-3121
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109
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Luo L, Sun W, Zhu W, Li S, Zhang W, Xu X, Fang D, Grahn THM, Jiang L, Zheng Y. BCAT1 decreases the sensitivity of cancer cells to cisplatin by regulating mTOR-mediated autophagy via branched-chain amino acid metabolism. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:169. [PMID: 33568627 PMCID: PMC7876012 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the most effective chemotherapy drugs and is widely used in the treatment of cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cervical cancer, but its therapeutic benefit is limited by the development of resistance. Our previous studies demonstrated that BCAT1 promoted cell proliferation and decreased cisplatin sensitivity in HCC cells. However, the exact role and mechanism of how BCAT1 is involved in cisplatin cytotoxicity remain undefined. In this study, we revealed that cisplatin triggered autophagy in cancer cells, with an increase in BCAT1 expression. The cisplatin-induced up-regulation of BCAT1 decreased the cisplatin sensitivity by regulating autophagy through the mTOR signaling pathway. In addition, branched-chain amino acids or leucine treatment inhibited cisplatin- or BCAT1-mediated autophagy and increased cisplatin sensitivity by activating mTOR signaling in cancer cells. Moreover, inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine increased cisplatin sensitivity in vivo. Also, the knockdown of BCAT1 or the administration of leucine activated mTOR signaling, inhibited autophagy, and increased cisplatin sensitivity in cancer cells in vivo. These findings demonstrate a new mechanism, revealing that BCAT1 decreases cisplatin sensitivity in cancer cells by inducing mTOR-mediated autophagy via branched-chain amino acid leucine metabolism, providing an attractive pharmacological target to improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Luo
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Weijian Zhu
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Shuhan Li
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Wenqi Zhang
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Daoquan Fang
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Tan Hooi Min Grahn
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University Hospital, Lund, 22184, Sweden
| | - Lei Jiang
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Yihu Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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李 金, 雷 明, 雷 群, 尹 淼. [A Review of Metabolic Stress and Development of Pancreatic Cancer]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2021; 52:5-10. [PMID: 33474881 PMCID: PMC10408957 DOI: 10.12182/20210160502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most notorious malignancies with a 5-year survival rate of less than 8%. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the molecular mechanism underlining PDAC initiation, promotion, and progression for efficient treatment of PDAC. In order to adapt and survive in an extremely adverse microenvironment of hypoxia and insufficiency of nutrients and energy, PDAC cells undergo extensive metabolic modification triggered by intrinsic signalings which are activated by different genetic events, including mutations occurred at K RAS, TP53, and DPC4/ SMAD4, collaboratively promoting PDAC development. Notably, PDCA cells have extensive crosstalk in the form of reciprocal metabolic flux with its surrounding microenvironment to facilitate tumor advancement and therapy resistance. We herein summarize recent findings of PDAC metabolism and discuss metabolic rewiring-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- 金涛 李
- 复旦大学附属肿瘤医院 肿瘤研究所 (上海 200032)Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- 复旦大学上海医学院 肿瘤学系 (上海 200032)Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - 明珠 雷
- 复旦大学附属肿瘤医院 肿瘤研究所 (上海 200032)Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- 复旦大学上海医学院 肿瘤学系 (上海 200032)Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - 群英 雷
- 复旦大学附属肿瘤医院 肿瘤研究所 (上海 200032)Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- 复旦大学上海医学院 肿瘤学系 (上海 200032)Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - 淼 尹
- 复旦大学附属肿瘤医院 肿瘤研究所 (上海 200032)Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- 复旦大学上海医学院 肿瘤学系 (上海 200032)Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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111
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Molecular and Metabolic Subtypes Correspondence for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Classification. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9124128. [PMID: 33371431 PMCID: PMC7767410 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9124128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common form of pancreatic cancer, is an extremely lethal disease due to late diagnosis, aggressiveness and lack of effective therapies. Considering its intrinsic heterogeneity, patient stratification models based on transcriptomic and genomic signatures, with partially overlapping subgroups, have been established. Besides molecular alterations, PDAC tumours show a strong desmoplastic response, resulting in profound metabolic reprogramming involving increased glucose and amino acid consumption, as well as lipid scavenging and biosynthesis. Interestingly, recent works have also revealed the existence of metabolic subtypes with differential prognosis within PDAC, which correlated to defined molecular subclasses in patients: lipogenic subtype correlated with a classical/progenitor signature, while glycolytic tumours associated with the highly aggressive basal/squamous profile. Bioinformatic analyses have demonstrated that the representative genes of each metabolic subtype are up-regulated in PDAC samples and predict patient survival. This suggests a relationship between the genetic signature, metabolic profile, and aggressiveness of the tumour. Considering all this, defining metabolic subtypes represents a clear opportunity for patient stratification considering tumour functional behaviour independently of their mutational background.
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112
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Peng H, Wang Y, Luo W. Multifaceted role of branched-chain amino acid metabolism in cancer. Oncogene 2020; 39:6747-6756. [PMID: 32978521 PMCID: PMC7606751 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming fulfils increased nutrient demands and regulates
numerous oncogenic processes in tumors, leading to tumor malignancy.
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs, i.e., valine, leucine, and isoleucine)
function as nitrogen donors to generate macromolecules such as nucleotides and
are indispensable for human cancer cell growth. The cell-autonomous and
non-autonomous roles of altered BCAA metabolism have been implicated in cancer
progression and the key proteins in the BCAA metabolic pathway serve as possible
prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers in human cancers. Here we summarize how
BCAA metabolic reprogramming is regulated in cancer cells and how it influences
cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Peng
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yingfei Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA. .,Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Weibo Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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Ericksen RE, Han W. Give and take: competition for BCAAs in the tumour microenvironment. Nat Metab 2020; 2:657-658. [PMID: 32694826 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-0239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Russell E Ericksen
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Weiping Han
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
- Center for Neuro-Metabolism and Regeneration Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
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