101
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Liu C, Hu G. High-Throughput Particle Manipulation Based on Hydrodynamic Effects in Microchannels. MICROMACHINES 2017. [PMCID: PMC6190449 DOI: 10.3390/mi8030073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China;
| | - Guoqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-8254-4298
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102
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Feng SL, Skelley AM, Anwer AG, Liu G, Inglis DW. Maximizing particle concentration in deterministic lateral displacement arrays. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:024121. [PMID: 28503245 PMCID: PMC5409848 DOI: 10.1063/1.4981014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We present an improvement to deterministic lateral displacement arrays, which allows higher particle concentration enhancement. We correct and extend previous equations to a mirror-symmetric boundary. This approach allows particles to be concentrated into a central channel, no wider than the surrounding gaps, thereby maximizing the particle enrichment. The resulting flow patterns were, for the first time, experimentally measured. The performance of the device with hard micro-spheres and cells was investigated. The observed flow patterns show important differences from our model and from an ideal pattern. The 18 μm gap device showed 11-fold enrichment of 7 μm particles and nearly perfect enrichment-of more than 50-fold-for 10 μm particles and Jurkat cells. This work shows a clear path to achieve higher-than-ever particle concentration enhancement in a deterministic microfluidic separation system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alison M Skelley
- GPB Scientific LLC, 800 East Leigh St., Richmond, Virginia 23219, USA
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103
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Dutz S, Hayden ME, Häfeli UO. Fractionation of Magnetic Microspheres in a Microfluidic Spiral: Interplay between Magnetic and Hydrodynamic Forces. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169919. [PMID: 28107472 PMCID: PMC5249185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic forces and curvature-induced hydrodynamic drag have both been studied and employed in continuous microfluidic particle separation and enrichment schemes. Here we combine the two. We investigate consequences of applying an outwardly directed magnetic force to a dilute suspension of magnetic microspheres circulating in a spiral microfluidic channel. This force is realized with an array of permanent magnets arranged to produce a magnetic field with octupolar symmetry about the spiral axis. At low flow rates particles cluster around an apparent streamline of the flow near the outer wall of the turn. At high flow rates this equilibrium is disrupted by the induced secondary (Dean) flow and a new equilibrium is established near the inner wall of the turn. A model incorporating key forces involved in establishing these equilibria is described, and is used to extract quantitative information about the magnitude of local Dean drag forces from experimental data. Steady-state fractionation of suspensions by particle size under the combined influence of magnetic and hydrodynamic forces is demonstrated. Extensions of this work could lead to new continuous microscale particle sorting and enrichment processes with improved fidelity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Dutz
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMTI), Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - M. E. Hayden
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - U. O. Häfeli
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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104
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Yamada M, Seko W, Yanai T, Ninomiya K, Seki M. Slanted, asymmetric microfluidic lattices as size-selective sieves for continuous particle/cell sorting. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:304-314. [PMID: 27975084 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01237j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic microfluidic platforms have been proven to be useful and versatile for precisely sorting particles/cells based on their physicochemical properties. In this study, we demonstrate that a simple lattice-shaped microfluidic pattern can work as a virtual sieve for size-dependent continuous particle sorting. The lattice is composed of two types of microchannels ("main channels" and "separation channels"). These channels cross each other in a perpendicular fashion, and are slanted against the macroscopic flow direction. The difference in the densities of these channels generates an asymmetric flow distribution at each intersection. Smaller particles flow along the streamline, whereas larger particles are filtered and gradually separated from the stream, resulting in continuous particle sorting. We successfully sorted microparticles based on size with high accuracy, and clearly showed that geometric parameters, including the channel density and the slant angle, critically affect the sorting behaviors of particles. Leukocyte sorting and monocyte purification directly from diluted blood samples have been demonstrated as biomedical applications. The presented system for particle/cell sorting would become a simple but versatile unit operation in microfluidic apparatus for chemical/biological experiments and manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Wataru Seko
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Takuma Yanai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Kasumi Ninomiya
- Asahi Kasei Corp, 2-1 Samejima, Fuji-shi, Shizuoka 416-8501, Japan
| | - Minoru Seki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
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105
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Microfluidic Separation of a Soluble Substance Using Transverse Diffusion in a Layered Flow. MICROMACHINES 2016. [PMCID: PMC6190363 DOI: 10.3390/mi8010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a practical flow-through method to separate anisole and ethyl phenylacetate, respectively, from a polystyrene mixture. The microfluidic separation uses different diffusive dynamics of the substances transverse to the lamination flow formed in a microchannel. The effect of inlet flow rates and ambient temperature on separation is examined. Additionally, the possibility of the separation of the light substance from the mixture with different molecular weight is shown numerically and experimentally. The separation efficiency is explained by the facts that the relaxation time depends on the inlet flow rate and that the diffusivity depends on the ambient temperature. This method can be applied to separate monomers from aggregates.
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106
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Zhu Z, Chen P, Liu K, Escobedo C. A Versatile Bonding Method for PDMS and SU-8 and Its Application towards a Multifunctional Microfluidic Device. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:E230. [PMID: 30404401 PMCID: PMC6190230 DOI: 10.3390/mi7120230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a versatile and irreversible bonding method for poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and SU-8. The method is based on epoxide opening and dehydration reactions between surface-modified PDMS and SU-8. A PDMS replica is first activated via the low-cost lab equipment, i.e., the oxygen plasma cleaner or the corona treater. Then both SU-8 and plasma-treated PDMS samples are functionalized using hydrolyzed (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES). Ultimately, the samples are simply brought into contact and heated to enable covalent bonding. The molecular coupling and chemical reactions behind the bonding occurring at the surfaces were characterized by water contact angle measurement and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The reliability of bonded PDMS-SU-8 samples was examined by using tensile strength and leakage tests, which revealed a bonding strength of over 1.4 MPa. The presented bonding method was also applied to create a metal-SU-8-PDMS hybrid device, which integrated SU-8 microfluidic structures and microelectrodes. This hybrid system was used for the effective trapping of microparticles on-chip, and the selective releasing and identification of predefined trapped microparticles. The hybrid fabrication approach presented here, based on the PDMS-SU-8 bonding, enables multifunctional integration in complex microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Sipailou 2, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Pan Chen
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Sipailou 2, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Kegang Liu
- Nanomedicine Research Lab CLINAM, University Hospital Basel, Bernoullistrassse 20, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland.
| | - Carlos Escobedo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, 9 Division St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
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107
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A high-throughput microfluidic approach for 1000-fold leukocyte reduction of platelet-rich plasma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35943. [PMID: 27775049 PMCID: PMC5075940 DOI: 10.1038/srep35943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte reduction of donated blood products substantially reduces the risk of a number of transfusion-related complications. Current 'leukoreduction' filters operate by trapping leukocytes within specialized filtration material, while allowing desired blood components to pass through. However, the continuous release of inflammatory cytokines from the retained leukocytes, as well as the potential for platelet activation and clogging, are significant drawbacks of conventional 'dead end' filtration. To address these limitations, here we demonstrate our newly-developed 'controlled incremental filtration' (CIF) approach to perform high-throughput microfluidic removal of leukocytes from platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in a continuous flow regime. Leukocytes are separated from platelets within the PRP by progressively syphoning clarified PRP away from the concentrated leukocyte flowstream. Filtrate PRP collected from an optimally-designed CIF device typically showed a ~1000-fold (i.e. 99.9%) reduction in leukocyte concentration, while recovering >80% of the original platelets, at volumetric throughputs of ~1 mL/min. These results suggest that the CIF approach will enable users in many fields to now apply the advantages of microfluidic devices to particle separation, even for applications requiring macroscale flowrates.
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108
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Kim B, Choi YJ, Seo H, Shin EC, Choi S. Deterministic Migration-Based Separation of White Blood Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:5159-5168. [PMID: 27490148 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Functional and phenotypic analyses of peripheral white blood cells provide useful clinical information. However, separation of white blood cells from peripheral blood requires a time-consuming, inconvenient process and thus analyses of separated white blood cells are limited in clinical settings. To overcome this limitation, a microfluidic separation platform is developed to enable deterministic migration of white blood cells, directing the cells into designated positions according to a ridge pattern. The platform uses slant ridge structures on the channel top to induce the deterministic migration, which allows efficient and high-throughput separation of white blood cells from unprocessed whole blood. The extent of the deterministic migration under various rheological conditions is explored, enabling highly efficient migration of white blood cells in whole blood and achieving high-throughput separation of the cells (processing 1 mL of whole blood less than 7 min). In the separated cell population, the composition of lymphocyte subpopulations is well preserved, and T cells secrete cytokines without any functional impairment. On the basis of the results, this microfluidic platform is a promising tool for the rapid enrichment of white blood cells, and it is useful for functional and phenotypic analyses of peripheral white blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeongyeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joon Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyekyung Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungyoung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea.
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109
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Hahn YK, Hong D, Kang JH, Choi S. A Reconfigurable Microfluidics Platform for Microparticle Separation and Fluid Mixing. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:mi7080139. [PMID: 30404310 PMCID: PMC6190015 DOI: 10.3390/mi7080139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidics is an engineering tool used to control and manipulate fluid flows, with practical applications for lab-on-a-chip, point-of-care testing, and biological/medical research. However, microfluidic platforms typically lack the ability to create a fluidic duct, having an arbitrary flow path, and to change the path as needed without additional design and fabrication processes. To address this challenge, we present a simple yet effective approach for facile, on-demand reconfiguration of microfluidic channels using flexible polymer tubing. The tubing provides both a well-defined, cross-sectional geometry to allow reliable fluidic operation and excellent flexibility to achieve a high degree of freedom for reconfiguration of flow pathways. We demonstrate that microparticle separation and fluid mixing can be successfully implemented by reconfiguring the shape of the tubing. The tubing is coiled around a 3D-printed barrel to make a spiral microchannel with a constant curvature for inertial separation of microparticles. Multiple knots are also made in the tubing to create a highly tortuous flow path, which induces transverse secondary flows, Dean flows, and, thus, enhances the mixing of fluids. The reconfigurable microfluidics approach, with advantages including low-cost, simplicity, and ease of use, can serve as a promising complement to conventional microfabrication methods, which require complex fabrication processes with expensive equipment and lack a degree of freedom for reconfiguration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ki Hahn
- Samsung Electronics, 4 Seocho-daero 74-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06620, Korea.
| | - Daehyup Hong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea.
| | - Joo H Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Korea.
| | - Sungyoung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea.
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110
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Paramagnetic Structures within a Microfluidic Channel for Enhanced Immunomagnetic Isolation and Surface Patterning of Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29407. [PMID: 27388549 PMCID: PMC4937384 DOI: 10.1038/srep29407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this report, we demonstrate a unique method for embedding magnetic structures inside a microfluidic channel for cell isolation. We used a molding process to fabricate these structures out of a ferrofluid of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. We show that the embedded magnetic structures significantly increased the magnetic field in the channel, resulting in up to 4-fold enhancement in immunomagnetic capture as compared with a channel without these embedded magnetic structures. We also studied the spatial distribution of trapped cells both experimentally and computationally. We determined that the surface pattern of these trapped cells was determined by both location of the magnet and layout of the in-channel magnetic structures. Our magnetic structure embedded microfluidic device achieved over 90% capture efficiency at a flow velocity of 4 mm/s, a speed that was roughly two orders of magnitude faster than previous microfluidic systems used for a similar purpose. We envision that our technology will provide a powerful tool for detection and enrichment of rare cells from biological samples.
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111
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Enhancing cell-free layer thickness by bypass channels in a wall. J Biomech 2016; 49:2299-2305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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112
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Simon P, Frankowski M, Bock N, Neukammer J. Label-free whole blood cell differentiation based on multiple frequency AC impedance and light scattering analysis in a micro flow cytometer. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2326-38. [PMID: 27229300 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00128a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We developed a microfluidic sensor for label-free flow cytometric cell differentiation by combined multiple AC electrical impedance and light scattering analysis. The measured signals are correlated to cell volume, membrane capacity and optical properties of single cells. For an improved signal to noise ratio, the microfluidic sensor incorporates two electrode pairs for differential impedance detection. One-dimensional sheath flow focusing was implemented, which allows single particle analysis at kHz count rates. Various monodisperse particles and differentiation of leukocytes in haemolysed samples served to benchmark the microdevice applying combined AC impedance and side scatter analyses. In what follows, we demonstrate that AC impedance measurements at selected frequencies allow label-free discrimination of platelets, erythrocytes, monocytes, granulocytes and lymphocytes in whole blood samples involving dilution only. Immunofluorescence staining was applied to validate the results of the label-free cell analysis. Reliable differentiation and enumeration of cells in whole blood by AC impedance detection have the potential to support medical diagnosis for patients with haemolysis resistant erythrocytes or abnormally sensitive leucocytes, i.e. for patients suffering from anaemia or leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Simon
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestrasse 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany.
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113
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Padovani JI, Jeffrey SS, Howe RT. Electropermanent magnet actuation for droplet ferromicrofluidics. TECHNOLOGY 2016; 4:110-119. [PMID: 27583301 PMCID: PMC5003119 DOI: 10.1142/s2339547816500023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Droplet actuation is an essential mechanism for droplet-based microfluidic systems. On-demand electromagnetic actuation is used in a ferrofluid-based microfluidic system for water droplet displacement. Electropermanent magnets (EPMs) are used to induce 50 mT magnetic fields in a ferrofluid filled microchannel with gradients up to 6.4 × 104 kA/m2. Short 50 µs current pulses activate the electropermanent magnets and generate negative magnetophoretic forces that range from 10 to 70 nN on 40 to 80 µm water-in-ferrofluid droplets. Maximum droplet displacement velocities of up to 300 µm/s are obtained under flow and no-flow conditions. Electropermanent magnet-activated droplet sorting under continuous flow is demonstrated using a split-junction microfluidic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- José I Padovani
- Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stefanie S Jeffrey
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Roger T Howe
- Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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114
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Nakajima N, Yamada M, Kakegawa S, Seki M. Microfluidic System Enabling Multistep Tuning of Extraction Time Periods for Kinetic Analysis of Droplet-Based Liquid–Liquid Extraction. Anal Chem 2016; 88:5637-43. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Nakajima
- Department of Applied Chemistry
and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33
Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masumi Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry
and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33
Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Shunta Kakegawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry
and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33
Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Minoru Seki
- Department of Applied Chemistry
and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33
Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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115
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Ng E, Chen K, Hang A, Syed A, Zhang JXJ. Multi-Dimensional Nanostructures for Microfluidic Screening of Biomarkers: From Molecular Separation to Cancer Cell Detection. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 44:847-62. [PMID: 26692080 PMCID: PMC4828292 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1521-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rapid screening of biomarkers, with high specificity and accuracy, is critical for many point-of-care diagnostics. Microfluidics, the use of microscale channels to manipulate small liquid samples and carry reactions in parallel, offers tremendous opportunities to address fundamental questions in biology and provide a fast growing set of clinical tools for medicine. Emerging multi-dimensional nanostructures, when coupled with microfluidics, enable effective and efficient screening with high specificity and sensitivity, both of which are important aspects of biological detection systems. In this review, we provide an overview of current research and technologies that utilize nanostructures to facilitate biological separation in microfluidic channels. Various important physical parameters and theoretical equations that characterize and govern flow in nanostructure-integrated microfluidic channels will be introduced and discussed. The application of multi-dimensional nanostructures, including nanoparticles, nanopillars, and nanoporous layers, integrated with microfluidic channels in molecular and cellular separation will also be reviewed. Finally, we will close with insights on the future of nanostructure-integrated microfluidic platforms and their role in biological and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Ng
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Kaina Chen
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Annie Hang
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Abeer Syed
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - John X J Zhang
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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116
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Jivani RR, Lakhtaria GJ, Patadiya DD, Patel LD, Jivani NP, Jhala BP. Biomedical microelectromechanical systems (BioMEMS): Revolution in drug delivery and analytical techniques. Saudi Pharm J 2016; 24:1-20. [PMID: 26903763 PMCID: PMC4719786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancement in microelectromechanical system has facilitated the microfabrication of polymeric substrates and the development of the novel class of controlled drug delivery devices. These vehicles have specifically tailored three dimensional physical and chemical features which together, provide the capacity to target cell, stimulate unidirectional controlled release of therapeutics and augment permeation across the barriers. Apart from drug delivery devices microfabrication technology’s offer exciting prospects to generate biomimetic gastrointestinal tract models. BioMEMS are capable of analysing biochemical liquid sample like solution of metabolites, macromolecules, proteins, nucleic acid, cells and viruses. This review summarized multidisciplinary application of biomedical microelectromechanical systems in drug delivery and its potential in analytical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishad R Jivani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, C. U. Shah College of Pharmacy & Research, Surendranagar, Wadhwan, Gujarat, India
| | - Gaurang J Lakhtaria
- Department of Pharmaceutics, C. U. Shah College of Pharmacy & Research, Surendranagar, Wadhwan, Gujarat, India
| | - Dhaval D Patadiya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, C. U. Shah College of Pharmacy & Research, Surendranagar, Wadhwan, Gujarat, India
| | - Laxman D Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, C. U. Shah College of Pharmacy & Research, Surendranagar, Wadhwan, Gujarat, India
| | - Nurrudin P Jivani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, C. U. Shah College of Pharmacy & Research, Surendranagar, Wadhwan, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhagyesh P Jhala
- Department of Pharmaceutics, C. U. Shah College of Pharmacy & Research, Surendranagar, Wadhwan, Gujarat, India
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117
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Fouet M, Mader MA, Iraïn S, Yanha Z, Naillon A, Cargou S, Gué AM, Joseph P. Filter-less submicron hydrodynamic size sorting. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:720-733. [PMID: 26778818 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00941c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We propose a simple microfluidic device able to separate submicron particles (critical size ∼0.1 μm) from a complex sample with no filter (minimum channel dimension being 5 μm) by hydrodynamic filtration. A model taking into account the actual velocity profile and hydrodynamic resistances enables prediction of the chip sorting properties for any geometry. Two design families are studied to obtain (i) small sizes within minutes (low-aspect ratio, two-level chip) and (ii) micron-sized sorting with a μL flow rate (3D architecture based on lamination). We obtain quantitative agreement of sorting performances both with experiments and with numerical solving, and determine the limits of the approach. We therefore demonstrate a passive, filter-less sub-micron size sorting with a simple, robust, and easy to fabricate design.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fouet
- CNRS, LAAS, 7 avenue du colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
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118
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Wu Z, Chen Y, Wang M, Chung AJ. Continuous inertial microparticle and blood cell separation in straight channels with local microstructures. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:532-42. [PMID: 26725506 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01435b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluid inertia which has conventionally been neglected in microfluidics has been gaining much attention for particle and cell manipulation because inertia-based methods inherently provide simple, passive, precise and high-throughput characteristics. Particularly, the inertial approach has been applied to blood separation for various biomedical research studies mainly using spiral microchannels. For higher throughput, parallelization is essential; however, it is difficult to realize using spiral channels because of their large two dimensional layouts. In this work, we present a novel inertial platform for continuous sheathless particle and blood cell separation in straight microchannels containing microstructures. Microstructures within straight channels exert secondary flows to manipulate particle positions similar to Dean flow in curved channels but with higher controllability. Through a balance between inertial lift force and microstructure-induced secondary flow, we deterministically position microspheres and cells based on their sizes to be separated downstream. Using our inertial platform, we successfully sorted microparticles and fractionized blood cells with high separation efficiencies, high purities and high throughputs. The inertial separation platform developed here can be operated to process diluted blood with a throughput of 10.8 mL min(-1)via radially arrayed single channels with one inlet and two rings of outlets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlong Wu
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA. and School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Moran Wang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Aram J Chung
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
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119
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Takagi Y, Kotev V, Yano K. Simplified fluid-structure coupled analysis of particle movement for designing of microfluidic cell sorter. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016; 2015:3229-32. [PMID: 26736980 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7319080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recently, methods of the separation and selection of cells using a microfluidic device are receiving a lot of attention as the latest technology and those devices are called microfluidic cell sorter. Those methods have many advantages compared to conventional methods. There are a lot of researches on the microfluidic cell sorting but there isn't the automated design method of this device in spite of the necessary. To achieve the automated design of the microfluidic cell sorter, the analysis of the movement of cells in the microfluidic device and optimum design of the microfluidic cell sorter corresponding to kind of various cells are required. In the former case, the fluid-structure interaction analysis of fluid and cell movement is needed. However, it is very complex and needs a lot of computational time. Therefore, we focused on this problem in the fluid-structure interaction analysis for designing the microfluidic cell sorter. We assume cell is a sphere particle and propose the simplified fluid-structure coupled analysis which combines the CFD analysis with the motion equation of a sphere particle.
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120
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Sajeesh P, Raj A, Doble M, Sen AK. Characterization and sorting of cells based on stiffness contrast in a microfluidic channel. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09099k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the characterization and sorting of cells based on stiffness contrast. A microfluidic device with focusing and spacing control for stiffness based sorting of cells is designed, fabricated and demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Sajeesh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai-600036
- India
| | - A. Raj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai-600036
- India
| | - M. Doble
- Department of Biotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai-600036
- India
| | - A. K. Sen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai-600036
- India
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121
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Fu P, Wang F, Ma L, Yang X, Wang H. Fine particle sorting and classification in the cyclonic centrifugal field. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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122
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Thameem R, Rallabandi B, Hilgenfeldt S. Particle migration and sorting in microbubble streaming flows. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:014124. [PMID: 26958103 PMCID: PMC4769263 DOI: 10.1063/1.4942458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic driving of semicylindrical microbubbles generates strong streaming flows that are robust over a wide range of driving frequencies. We show that in microchannels, these streaming flow patterns can be combined with Poiseuille flows to achieve two distinctive, highly tunable methods for size-sensitive sorting and trapping of particles much smaller than the bubble itself. This method allows higher throughput than typical passive sorting techniques, since it does not require the inclusion of device features on the order of the particle size. We propose a simple mechanism, based on channel and flow geometry, which reliably describes and predicts the sorting behavior observed in experiment. It is also shown that an asymptotic theory that incorporates the device geometry and superimposed channel flow accurately models key flow features such as peak speeds and particle trajectories, provided it is appropriately modified to account for 3D effects caused by the axial confinement of the bubble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raqeeb Thameem
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Bhargav Rallabandi
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Sascha Hilgenfeldt
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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123
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Chiu YY, Huang CK, Lu YW. Enhancement of microfluidic particle separation using cross-flow filters with hydrodynamic focusing. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:011906. [PMID: 26858812 PMCID: PMC4723399 DOI: 10.1063/1.4939944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A microfluidic chip is proposed to separate microparticles using cross-flow filtration enhanced with hydrodynamic focusing. By exploiting a buffer flow from the side, the microparticles in the sample flow are pushed on one side of the microchannels, lining up to pass through the filters. Meanwhile a larger pressure gradient in the filters is obtained to enhance separation efficiency. Compared with the traditional cross-flow filtration, our proposed mechanism has the buffer flow to create a moving virtual boundary for the sample flow to actively push all the particles to reach the filters for separation. It further allows higher flow rates. The device only requires soft lithograph fabrication to create microchannels and a novel pressurized bonding technique to make high-aspect-ratio filtration structures. A mixture of polystyrene microparticles with 2.7 μm and 10.6 μm diameters are successfully separated. 96.2 ± 2.8% of the large particle are recovered with a purity of 97.9 ± 0.5%, while 97.5 ± 0.4% of the small particle are depleted with a purity of 99.2 ± 0.4% at a sample throughput of 10 μl/min. The experiment is also conducted to show the feasibility of this mechanism to separate biological cells with the sample solutions of spiked PC3 cells in whole blood. By virtue of its high separation efficiency, our device offers a label-free separation technique and potential integration with other components, thereby serving as a promising tool for continuous cell filtration and analysis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yen Chiu
- Department of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chen-Kang Huang
- Department of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yen-Wen Lu
- Department of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
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124
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Cheng Y, Ye X, Ma Z, Xie S, Wang W. High-throughput and clogging-free microfluidic filtration platform for on-chip cell separation from undiluted whole blood. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:014118. [PMID: 26909124 PMCID: PMC4752536 DOI: 10.1063/1.4941985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapid separation of white blood cells from whole blood sample is often required for their subsequent analyses of functions and phenotypes, and many advances have been made in this field. However, most current microfiltration-based cell separation microfluidic chips still suffer from low-throughput and membrane clogging. This paper reports on a high-throughput and clogging-free microfluidic filtration platform, which features with an integrated bidirectional micropump and commercially available polycarbonate microporous membranes. The integrated bidirectional micropump enables the fluid to flush micropores back and forth, effectively avoiding membrane clogging. The microporous membrane allows red blood cells passing through high-density pores in a cross-flow mixed with dead-end filtration mode. All the separation processes, including blood and buffer loading, separation, and sample collection, are automatically controlled for easy operation and high throughput. Both microbead mixture and undiluted whole blood sample are separated by the platform effectively. In particular, for white blood cell separation, the chip recovered 72.1% white blood cells with an over 232-fold enrichment ratio at a throughput as high as 37.5 μl/min. This high-throughput, clogging-free, and highly integrated platform holds great promise for point-of-care blood pretreatment, analysis, and diagnosis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Xiongying Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Zengshuai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
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125
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Warkiani ME, Wu L, Tay AKP, Han J. Large-Volume Microfluidic Cell Sorting for Biomedical Applications. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2015; 17:1-34. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071114-040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore–MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore 138602;
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Lidan Wu
- Department of Biological Engineering and
| | - Andy Kah Ping Tay
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore–MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore 138602;
| | - Jongyoon Han
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore–MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore 138602;
- Department of Biological Engineering and
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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126
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Alvankarian J, Majlis BY. Tunable Microfluidic Devices for Hydrodynamic Fractionation of Cells and Beads: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 15:29685-701. [PMID: 26610519 PMCID: PMC4701354 DOI: 10.3390/s151129685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The adjustable microfluidic devices that have been developed for hydrodynamic-based fractionation of beads and cells are important for fast performance tunability through interaction of mechanical properties of particles in fluid flow and mechanically flexible microstructures. In this review, the research works reported on fabrication and testing of the tunable elastomeric microfluidic devices for applications such as separation, filtration, isolation, and trapping of single or bulk of microbeads or cells are discussed. Such microfluidic systems for rapid performance alteration are classified in two groups of bulk deformation of microdevices using external mechanical forces, and local deformation of microstructures using flexible membrane by pneumatic pressure. The main advantage of membrane-based tunable systems has been addressed to be the high capability of integration with other microdevice components. The stretchable devices based on bulk deformation of microstructures have in common advantage of simplicity in design and fabrication process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Alvankarian
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, National University of Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, National University of Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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127
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Kim H, Lee S, Lee JH, Kim J. Integration of a microfluidic chip with a size-based cell bandpass filter for reliable isolation of single cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:4128-32. [PMID: 26369616 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00904a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a simple, efficient microfluidic array system for reliable isolation of cells. A microfluidic array chip, integrated with a size-based cell bandpass filter, provides the unprecedented capability of organizing single cells from a population containing a wide distribution of sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojin Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea.
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128
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Wang G, Turbyfield C, Crawford K, Alexeev A, Sulchek T. Cellular enrichment through microfluidic fractionation based on cell biomechanical properties. MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS 2015; 19:987-993. [PMID: 28316561 PMCID: PMC5354170 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-015-1608-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The biomechanical properties of populations of diseased cells are shown to have differences from healthy populations of cells, yet the overlap of these biomechanical properties can limit their use in disease cell enrichment and detection. We report a new microfluidic cell enrichment technology that continuously fractionates cells through differences in biomechanical properties, resulting in highly pure cellular subpopulations. Cell fractionation is achieved in a microfluidic channel with an array of diagonal ridges that are designed to segregate biomechanically distinct cells to different locations in the channel. Due to the imposition of elastic and viscous forces during cellular compression, which are a function of cell biomechanical properties including size and viscoelasticity, larger, stiffer and less viscos cells migrate parallel to the diagonal ridges and exhibit positive lateral displacement. On the other hand, smaller, softer and more viscous cells migrate perpendicular to the diagonal ridges due to circulatory flow induced by the ridges and result in negative lateral displacement. Multiple outlets are then utilized to collect cells with finer gradation of differences in cell biomechanical properties. The result is that cell fractionation dramatically improves cell separation efficiency compared to binary outputs and enables the measurement of subtle biomechanical differences within a single cell type. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we mix two different leukemia cell lines (K562 and HL60) and utilize cell fractionation to achieve over 45-fold enhancement of cell populations, with high purity cellular enrichment (90% to 99%) of each cell line. In addition, we demonstrate cell fractionation of a single cell type (K562 cells) into subpopulations and characterize the variations of biomechanical properties of the separated cells with atomic force microscopy. These results will be beneficial to obtaining label-free separation of cellular mixtures, or to better investigate the origins of biomechanical differences in a single cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonghao Wang
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0405, USA
| | - Cory Turbyfield
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0535, USA
| | - Kaci Crawford
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0535, USA
| | - Alexander Alexeev
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0405, USA
| | - Todd Sulchek
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0405, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0535, USA
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129
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Abstract
Microfluidics-based production of stable microbubbles for ultrasound contrast enhancement or drug/gene delivery allows for precise control over microbubble diameter but at the cost of a low production rate. In situ microfluidic production of microbubbles directly in the vasculature may eliminate the necessity for high microbubble production rates, long stability, or small diameters. Towards this goal, we investigated whether microfluidic-produced microbubbles directly administered into a mouse tail vein could provide sufficient ultrasound contrast. Microbubbles composed of nitrogen gas and stabilized with 3 % bovine serum albumin and 10 % dextrose were injected for 10 seconds into wild type C57BL/6 mice, via a tail-vein catheter. Short-axis images of the right and left ventricle were acquired at 12.5 MHz and image intensity over time was analyzed. Microbubbles were produced on the order of 10(5) microbubbles/s and were observed in both the right and left ventricles. The median rise time, duration, and decay time within the right ventricle were 2.9, 21.3, and 14.3 s, respectively. All mice survived the procedure with no observable respiratory or heart rate distress despite microbubble diameters as large as 19 μm.
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130
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Jung H, Chun MS, Chang MS. Sorting of human mesenchymal stem cells by applying optimally designed microfluidic chip filtration. Analyst 2015; 140:1265-74. [PMID: 25555081 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01430h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) consist of heterogeneous subpopulations with different multipotent properties: small and large cells with high and low multipotency, respectively. Accordingly, sorting out a target subpopulation from the others is very important to increase the effectiveness of cell-based therapy. We performed flow-based sorting of hMSCs by using optimally designed microfluidic chips based on the hydrodynamic filtration (HDF) principle. The chip was designed with the parameters rigorously determined by the complete analysis of laminar flow for flow fraction and complicated networks of main and multi-branched channels for hMSCs sorting into three subpopulations: small (<25 μm), medium (25-40 μm), and large (>40 μm) cells. By focusing with a proper ratio between main and side flows, cells migrate toward the sidewall due to a virtual boundary of fluid layers and enter the branch channels. This opens the possibility of sorting stem cells rapidly without damage. Over 86% recovery was achieved for each population of cells with complete purity in small cells, but the sorting efficiency of cells is slightly lower than that of rigid model particles, due to the effect of cell deformation. Finally, we confirmed that our method could successfully fractionate the three subpopulations of hMSCs by analyzing the surface marker expressions of cells from each outlet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heekyung Jung
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Dept of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea.
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131
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Paper membrane-based SERS platform for the determination of glucose in blood samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:8243-51. [PMID: 26363778 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8966-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we present a paper membrane-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform for the determination of blood glucose level using a nitrocellulose membrane as substrate paper, and the microfluidic channel was simply constructed by wax-printing method. The rod-shaped gold nanorod particles were modified with 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (4-MBA) and 1-decanethiol (1-DT) molecules and used as embedded SERS probe for paper-based microfluidics. The SERS measurement area was simply constructed by dropping gold nanoparticles on nitrocellulose membrane, and the blood sample was dropped on the membrane hydrophilic channel. While the blood cells and proteins were held on nitrocellulose membrane, glucose molecules were moved through the channel toward the SERS measurement area. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to confirm the effective separation of blood matrix, and total analysis is completed in 5 min. In SERS measurements, the intensity of the band at 1070 cm(-1) which is attributed to B-OH vibration decreased depending on the rise in glucose concentration in the blood sample. The glucose concentration was found to be 5.43 ± 0.51 mM in the reference blood sample by using a calibration equation, and the certified value for glucose was 6.17 ± 0.11 mM. The recovery of the glucose in the reference blood sample was about 88 %. According to these results, the developed paper-based microfluidic SERS platform has been found to be suitable for use for the detection of glucose in blood samples without any pretreatment procedure. We believe that paper-based microfluidic systems may provide a wide field of usage for paper-based applications.
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132
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Sajeesh P, Manasi S, Doble M, Sen AK. A microfluidic device with focusing and spacing control for resistance-based sorting of droplets and cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:3738-3748. [PMID: 26235533 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00598a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a novel hydrodynamic technique for sorting of droplets and cells based on size and deformability. The device comprises two modules: a focusing and spacing control module and a sorting module. The focusing and spacing control module enables focusing of objects present in a sample onto one of the side walls of a channel with controlled spacing between them using a sheath fluid. A 3D analytical model is developed to predict the sheath-to-sample flow rate ratio required to facilitate single-file focusing and maintain the required spacing between a pair of adjacent objects. Experiments are performed to demonstrate focusing and spacing control of droplets (size 5-40 μm) and cells (HL60, size 10-25 μm). The model predictions compare well with experimental data in terms of focusing and spacing control within 9%. In the sorting module, the main channel splits into two branch channels (straight and side branches) with the flow into these two channels separated by a "dividing streamline". A sensing channel and a bypass channel control the shifting of the dividing streamline depending on the object size and deformability. While resistance offered by individual droplets of different sizes has been studied in our previous work (P. Sajeesh, M. Doble and A. K. Sen, Biomicrofluidics, 2014, 8, 1-23), here we present resistance of individual cells (HL60) as a function of size. A theoretical model is developed and used for the design of the sorter. Experiments are performed for size-based sorting of droplets (sizes 25 and 40 μm, 10 and 15 μm) and HL60 cells (sizes 11 μm and 19 μm) and deformability-based sorting of droplets (size 10 ± 1.0 μm) and polystyrene microbeads (size 10 ± 0.2 μm). The performance of the device for size- and deformability-based sorting is characterized in terms of sorting efficiency. The proposed device could be potentially used as a diagnostic tool for sorting of larger tumour cells from smaller leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sajeesh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
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133
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Hein M, Moskopp M, Seemann R. Flow field induced particle accumulation inside droplets in rectangular channels. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:2879-86. [PMID: 26032835 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00420a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Particle concentration is a basic operation needed to perform washing steps or to improve subsequent analysis in many (bio)-chemical assays. In this article we present field free, hydrodynamic accumulation of particles and cells in droplets flowing within rectangular micro-channels. Depending on droplet velocity, particles either accumulate at the rear of the droplet or are dispersed over the entire droplet cross-section. We show that the observed particle accumulation behavior can be understood by a coupling of particle sedimentation to the internal flow field of the droplet. The changing accumulation patterns are explained by a qualitative change of the internal flow field. The topological change of the internal flow field, however, is explained by the evolution of the droplet shape with increasing droplet velocity altering the friction with the channel walls. In addition, we demonstrate that accumulated particles can be concentrated, removing excess dispersed phase by splitting the droplet at a simple channel junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hein
- Saarland University, Experimental Physics, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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134
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Liu W, Chen W, Liu R, Ou Y, Liu H, Xie L, Lu Y, Li C, Li B, Cheng J. Separation of sperm and epithelial cells based on the hydrodynamic effect for forensic analysis. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:044127. [PMID: 26392829 PMCID: PMC4560716 DOI: 10.1063/1.4928453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In sexual assault cases, forensic samples are a mixture of sperm from the perpetrator and epithelial cells from the victim. To obtain an independent short tandem repeat (STR) profile of the perpetrator, sperm cells must be separated from the mixture of cells. However, the current method used in crime laboratories, namely, differential extraction, is a time-consuming and labor-intensive process. To achieve a rapid and automated sample pretreatment process, we fabricated a microdevice for hydrodynamic and size-based separation of sperm and epithelial cells. When cells in suspension were introduced into the device's microfluidic channels, they were forced to flow along different streamlines and into different outlets due to their different diameters. With the proposed microdevice, sperm can be separated within a short period of time (0.5 h for a 50-μl mock sample). The STR profiles of the products in the sperm outlet reservoir demonstrated that a highly purified male DNA fraction could be obtained (94.0% male fraction). This microdevice is of low-cost and can be easily integrated with other subsequent analysis units, providing great potential in the process of analyzing sexual assault evidence as well as in other areas requiring cell sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ran Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University School of Medicine , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuan Ou
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Crime Scene Evidence Examination, Institute of Forensic Science , Beijing 100038, China
| | | | | | | | - Caixia Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Crime Scene Evidence Examination, Institute of Forensic Science , Beijing 100038, China
| | - Bin Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Forensic Science and Technology , Forensic Science Division, Department of Fujian Provincial Public Security, Fuzhou 350003, China
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135
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Liu C, Xue C, Chen X, Shan L, Tian Y, Hu G. Size-Based Separation of Particles and Cells Utilizing Viscoelastic Effects in Straight Microchannels. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6041-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered
Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chundong Xue
- State
Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered
Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered
Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lei Shan
- State
Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Tian
- State
Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guoqing Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered
Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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136
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Optimizing Polymer Lab-on-Chip Platforms for Ultrasonic Manipulation: Influence of the Substrate. MICROMACHINES 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/mi6050574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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137
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Destgeer G, Ha BH, Park J, Jung JH, Alazzam A, Sung HJ. Microchannel Anechoic Corner for Size-Selective Separation and Medium Exchange via Traveling Surface Acoustic Waves. Anal Chem 2015; 87:4627-32. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Destgeer
- Flow
Control Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, South Korea
| | - Byung Hang Ha
- Flow
Control Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, South Korea
| | - Jinsoo Park
- Flow
Control Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, South Korea
| | - Jin Ho Jung
- Flow
Control Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, South Korea
| | - Anas Alazzam
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hyung Jin Sung
- Flow
Control Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, South Korea
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138
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Nguyen J, Wei Y, Zheng Y, Wang C, Sun Y. On-chip sample preparation for complete blood count from raw blood. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:1533-44. [PMID: 25631744 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01251h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a monolithic microfluidic device capable of on-chip sample preparation for both RBC and WBC measurements from whole blood. For the first time, on-chip sample processing (e.g. dilution, lysis, and filtration) and downstream single cell measurement were fully integrated to enable sample preparation and single cell analysis from whole blood on a single device. The device consists of two parallel sub-systems that perform sample processing and electrical measurements for measuring RBC and WBC parameters. The system provides a modular environment capable of handling solutions of various viscosities by adjusting the length of channels and precisely controlling mixing ratios, and features a new 'offset' filter configuration for increased duration of device operation. RBC concentration, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), cell distribution width, WBC concentration and differential are determined by electrical impedance measurement. Experimental characterization of over 100,000 cells from 10 patient blood samples validated the system's capability for performing on-chip raw blood processing and measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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139
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Wang X, Papautsky I. Size-based microfluidic multimodal microparticle sorter. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:1350-9. [PMID: 25590954 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00803k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic sorting of synthetic and biological microparticles has attracted much interest in recent years. Inertial microfluidics uses hydrodynamic forces to manipulate migration of such microparticles in microfluidic channels to achieve passive sorting based on size with high throughput. However, most inertial microfluidic devices are only capable of bimodal separation with a single cutoff diameter and a well-defined size difference. These limitations inhibit efficient separation of real-world samples that often include heterogeneous mixtures of multiple microparticle components. Our design overcomes these challenges to achieve continuous multimodal sorting of microparticles with high resolution and high tunability of separation cutoff diameters. We demonstrate separations with flexible modulation of the separation bandwidth and the passband location. Our approach offers a number of benefits, including straightforward system design, easily and precisely tuned cutoff diameters, high separation resolution, and high throughput. Ultimately, the unique multimodal separation functionality significantly broadens applications of inertial microfluidics in sorting of complex microparticle samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- BioMicroSystems Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computing Systems, Ohio Center for Microfluidic Innovation, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA.
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140
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Shields CW, Reyes CD, López GP. Microfluidic cell sorting: a review of the advances in the separation of cells from debulking to rare cell isolation. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:1230-49. [PMID: 25598308 PMCID: PMC4331226 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01246a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 548] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and high throughput cell sorting is a critical enabling technology in molecular and cellular biology, biotechnology, and medicine. While conventional methods can provide high efficiency sorting in short timescales, advances in microfluidics have enabled the realization of miniaturized devices offering similar capabilities that exploit a variety of physical principles. We classify these technologies as either active or passive. Active systems generally use external fields (e.g., acoustic, electric, magnetic, and optical) to impose forces to displace cells for sorting, whereas passive systems use inertial forces, filters, and adhesion mechanisms to purify cell populations. Cell sorting on microchips provides numerous advantages over conventional methods by reducing the size of necessary equipment, eliminating potentially biohazardous aerosols, and simplifying the complex protocols commonly associated with cell sorting. Additionally, microchip devices are well suited for parallelization, enabling complete lab-on-a-chip devices for cellular isolation, analysis, and experimental processing. In this review, we examine the breadth of microfluidic cell sorting technologies, while focusing on those that offer the greatest potential for translation into clinical and industrial practice and that offer multiple, useful functions. We organize these sorting technologies by the type of cell preparation required (i.e., fluorescent label-based sorting, bead-based sorting, and label-free sorting) as well as by the physical principles underlying each sorting mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wyatt Shields
- NSF Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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141
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Abstract
The asymmetric trap composed of three obstacles shows flow direction-dependent trap/particle interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesung Lee
- Department
- of Chemical Engineering
- University of Michigan at Ann Arbor
- Michigan
- USA
| | - Mark A. Burns
- Department
- of Chemical Engineering
- University of Michigan at Ann Arbor
- Michigan
- USA
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142
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Bunyakul N, Baeumner AJ. Combining electrochemical sensors with miniaturized sample preparation for rapid detection in clinical samples. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 15:547-64. [PMID: 25558994 PMCID: PMC4327035 DOI: 10.3390/s150100547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Clinical analyses benefit world-wide from rapid and reliable diagnostics tests. New tests are sought with greatest demand not only for new analytes, but also to reduce costs, complexity and lengthy analysis times of current techniques. Among the myriad of possibilities available today to develop new test systems, amperometric biosensors are prominent players-best represented by the ubiquitous amperometric-based glucose sensors. Electrochemical approaches in general require little and often enough only simple hardware components, are rugged and yet provide low limits of detection. They thus offer many of the desirable attributes for point-of-care/point-of-need tests. This review focuses on investigating the important integration of sample preparation with (primarily electrochemical) biosensors. Sample clean up requirements, miniaturized sample preparation strategies, and their potential integration with sensors will be discussed, focusing on clinical sample analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natinan Bunyakul
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Antje J Baeumner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany.
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143
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Gifford SC, Spillane AM, Vignes SM, Shevkoplyas SS. Controlled incremental filtration: a simplified approach to design and fabrication of high-throughput microfluidic devices for selective enrichment of particles. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:4496-505. [PMID: 25254358 PMCID: PMC4247995 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00785a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The number of microfluidic strategies aimed at separating particles or cells of a specific size within a continuous flow system continues to grow. The wide array of biomedical and other applications that would benefit from successful development of such technology has motivated the extensive research in this area over the past 15 years. However, despite promising advancements in microfabrication capabilities, a versatile approach that is suitable for a large range of particle sizes and high levels of enrichment, with a volumetric throughput sufficient for large-scale applications, has yet to emerge. Here we describe a straightforward method that enables the rapid design of microfluidic devices that are capable of enriching/removing particles within a complex aqueous mixture, with an unprecedented range of potential cutoff diameter (below 1 μm to above 100 μm) and an easily scalable degree of enrichment/filtration (up to 10-fold and well beyond). A simplified model of a new approach to crossflow filtration - controlled incremental filtration - was developed and validated for its ability to generate microfluidic devices that efficiently separate particles on the order of 1-10 μm, with throughputs of tens of μL min(-1), without the use of a pump. Precise control of the amount of fluid incrementally diverted at each filtration "gap" of the device allows for the gap size (~20 μm) to be much larger than the particles of interest, while the simplicity of the model allows for many thousands of these filtration points to be readily incorporated into a desired device design. This new approach should enable truly high-throughput microfluidic particle-separation devices to be generated, even by users only minimally experienced in fluid mechanics and microfabrication techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C Gifford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
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144
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Abstract
We present a critical review of the state of the art of magnetic particle hyperthermia (MPH) as a minimal invasive tumour therapy. Magnetic principles of heating mechanisms are discussed with respect to the optimum choice of nanoparticle properties. In particular, the relation between superparamagnetic and ferrimagnetic single domain nanoparticles is clarified in order to choose the appropriate particle size distribution and the role of particle mobility for the relaxation path is discussed. Knowledge of the effect of particle properties for achieving high specific heating power provides necessary guidelines for development of nanoparticles tailored for tumour therapy. Nanoscale heat transfer processes are discussed with respect to the achievable temperature increase in cancer cells. The need to realize a well-controlled temperature distribution in tumour tissue represents the most serious problem of MPH, at present. Visionary concepts of particle administration, in particular by means of antibody targeting, are far from clinical practice, yet. On the basis of current knowledge of treating cancer by thermal damaging, this article elucidates possibilities, prospects, and challenges for establishment of MPH as a standard medical procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Dutz
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMTI), Technische Universität Ilmenau, G-Kirchhoff-Str. 2, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany. Department of Nano Biophotonics, Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), A.-Einstein-Str. 9, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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145
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Yan S, Zhang J, Chen H, Alici G, Du H, Zhu Y, Li W. Making a hydrophoretic focuser tunable using a diaphragm. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:064115. [PMID: 25587372 PMCID: PMC4290633 DOI: 10.1063/1.4903761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic diagnostic devices often require handling particles or cells with different sizes. In this investigation, a tunable hydrophoretic device was developed which consists of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) slab with hydrophoretic channel, a PDMS diaphragm with pressure channel, and a glass slide. The height of the hydrophoretic channel can be tuned simply and reliably by deforming the elastomeric diaphragm with pressure applied on the pressure channel. This operation allows the device to have a large operating range where different particles and complex biological samples can be processed. The focusing performance of this device was tested using blood cells that varied in shape and size. The hydrophoretic channel had a large cross section which enabled a throughput capability for cell focusing of ∼15 000 cells s(-1), which was more than the conventional hydrophoretic focusing and dielectrophoresis (DEP)-active hydrophoretic methods. This tunable hydrophoretic focuser can potentially be integrated into advanced lab-on-a-chip bioanalysis devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yan
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Huaying Chen
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship , Private Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | | | - Haiping Du
- School of Electric, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | | | - Weihua Li
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
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146
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Kim C, Park J, Kang JY. A microfluidic manifold with a single pump system to generate highly mono-disperse alginate beads for cell encapsulation. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:066504. [PMID: 25587376 PMCID: PMC4290641 DOI: 10.1063/1.4902943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell encapsulation technology is a promising strategy applicable to tissue engineering and cell therapy. Many advanced microencapsulation chips that function via multiple syringe pumps have been developed to generate mono-disperse hydrogel beads encapsulating cells. However, their operation is difficult and only trained microfluidic engineers can use them with dexterity. Hence, we propose a microfluidic manifold system, driven by a single syringe pump, which can enable the setup of automated flow sequences and generate highly mono-disperse alginate beads by minimizing disturbances to the pump pressure. The encapsulation of P19 mouse embryonic carcinoma cells and embryonic body formation are demonstrated to prove the efficiency of the proposed system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juyoung Park
- Medical Device Development Center , Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 701-310, South Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Kang
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 136-791, South Korea
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147
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Bussonnière A, Miron Y, Baudoin M, Bou Matar O, Grandbois M, Charette P, Renaudin A. Cell detachment and label-free cell sorting using modulated surface acoustic waves (SAWs) in droplet-based microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:3556-3563. [PMID: 25029952 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00625a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a droplet-based surface acoustic wave (SAW) system designed to viably detach biological cells from a surface and sort cell types based on differences in adhesion strength (adhesion contrast) without the need to label cells with molecular markers. The system uses modulated SAW to generate pulsatile flows in the droplets and efficiently detach the cells, thereby minimizing the SAW excitation power and exposure time. As a proof of principle, the system shows efficient sorting of HEK 293 from A7r5 cells based on adhesion contrast. Results are obtained in minutes with sorting purity and efficiency reaching 97% and 95%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Bussonnière
- LIA LEMAC/LICS, Institut d'Eléctronique de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologies (IEMN) UMR CNRS 8520, Université Lille 1 and EC Lille, Avenue Poincaré, BP 60069, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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148
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Kim J, Won J, Song S. Dual-mode on-demand droplet routing in multiple microchannels using a magnetic fluid as carrier phase. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:054105. [PMID: 25332742 PMCID: PMC4189594 DOI: 10.1063/1.4894748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present dual-mode, on-demand droplet routing in a multiple-outlet microfluidic device using an oil-based magnetic fluid. Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticle-contained oleic acid (MNOA) was used as a carrier phase for droplet generation and manipulation. The water-in-MNOA droplets were selectively distributed in a curved microchannel with three branches by utilizing both a hydrodynamic laminar flow pattern and an external magnetic field. Without the applied magnetic field, the droplets travelled along a hydrodynamic centerline that was displaced at each bifurcating junction. However, in the presence of a permanent magnet, they were repelled from the centerline and diverted into the desired channel when the repelled distance exceeded the minimum offset allocated to the channel. The repelled distance, which is proportional to the magnetic field gradient, was manipulated by controlling the magnet's distance from the device. To evaluate routing performance, three different sizes of droplets with diameters of 63, 88, and 102 μm were directed into designated outlets with the magnet positioned at varying distances. The result demonstrated that the 102-μm droplets were sorted with an accuracy of ∼93%. Our technique enables on-demand droplet routing in multiple outlet channels by simply manipulating magnet positions (active mode) as well as size-based droplet separation with a fixed magnet position (passive mode).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitae Kim
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University , Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - June Won
- Department of Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University , Seoul 133-791, South Korea
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149
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Chen CC, Lin PH, Chung CK. Microfluidic chip for plasma separation from undiluted human whole blood samples using low voltage contactless dielectrophoresis and capillary force. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:1996-2001. [PMID: 24817130 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00196f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A plasma separating biochip is demonstrated using a capillary-driven contactless dielectrophoresis method with low voltage (~1 V) and high frequency induced electrostatics between red blood cells. The polarized red blood cells were aggregated and separated from plasma with a 69.8% volume separation and an 89.4% removal rate of red blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chern Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, St Martin de Porres Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan, Republic of China
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150
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Collins DJ, Alan T, Neild A. Particle separation using virtual deterministic lateral displacement (vDLD). LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:1595-603. [PMID: 24638896 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51367j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a method for sensitive and tunable particle sorting that we term virtual deterministic lateral displacement (vDLD). The vDLD system is composed of a set of interdigital transducers (IDTs) within a microfluidic chamber that produce a force field at an angle to the flow direction. Particles above a critical diameter, a function of the force induced by viscous drag and the force field, are displaced laterally along the minimum force potential lines, while smaller particles continue in the direction of the fluid flow without substantial perturbations. We demonstrate the effective separation of particles in a continuous-flow system with size sensitivity comparable or better than other previously reported microfluidic separation techniques. Separation of 5.0 μm from 6.6 μm, 6.6 μm from 7.0 μm and 300 nm from 500 nm particles are all achieved using the same device architecture. With the high sensitivity and flexibility vDLD affords we expect to find application in a wide variety of microfluidic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Collins
- Laboratory for Micro Systems, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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