101
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Wilke M, Casati N. A new route to polyoxometalates via mechanochemistry. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1146-1151. [PMID: 35211281 PMCID: PMC8790782 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05111c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanochemistry offers a new route to polyoxometalates (POMs) under mild conditions. The molybdenum isoPOM heptamolybdate and the molybdenum heteroPOMs of the Strandberg- and Keggin-type could be achieved from grinding together molybdenum oxide, potassium or ammonium carbonate and phosphate. The reactions were controlled by the stoichiometric ratio of the starting materials and the liquid used, with reaction times between 30 min and 3 h. In situ investigations of the syntheses reveal the formation of intermediates during the reactions. Their identification helps explaining the mechanism of formation of the intermediates as well as the final POMs. Under mild conditions, molybdenum POMs could be achieved mechanochemically from simple building blocks, within short reaction times. In situ investigations reveal the formation of intermediates and help explaining the mechanism behind the reaction.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Wilke
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation - Condensed Matter, Paul Scherrer Institute Forschungsstrasse 111 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
| | - Nicola Casati
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation - Condensed Matter, Paul Scherrer Institute Forschungsstrasse 111 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
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102
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Mechanochemical Applications of Reactive Extrusion from Organic Synthesis to Catalytic and Active Materials. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020449. [PMID: 35056763 PMCID: PMC8779840 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In the past, the use of mechanochemical methods in organic synthesis was reported as somewhat of a curiosity. However, perceptions have changed over the last two decades, and this technology is now being appreciated as a greener and more efficient synthetic method. The qualified “offer” of ball mills that make use of different set-ups, materials, and dimensions has allowed this technology to mature. Nevertheless, the intrinsic batch nature of mechanochemical methods hinders industrial scale-ups. New studies have found, in reactive extrusion, a powerful technique with which to activate chemical reactions with mechanical forces in a continuous flow. This new environmentally friendly mechanochemical synthetic method may be able to miniaturize production plants with outstanding process intensifications by removing organic solvents and working in a flow mode. Compared to conventional processes, reactive extrusions display high simplicity, safety, and cleanliness, which can be exploited in a variety of applications. This paper presents perspective examples in the better-known areas of reactive extrusions, including oxidation reactions, polymer processing, and biomass conversion. This work should stimulate further developments, as it highlights the versatility of reactive extrusion and the huge potential of solid-phase flow chemistry.
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103
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Reverberi AP, Vocciante M, Salerno M, Soda O, Fabiano B. A sustainable, top-down mechanosynthesis of carbohydrate-functionalized silver nanoparticles. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00391g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A method for the production of metal nanoparticles with a tribological process is proposed, aiming at minimising power consumption and risk factors related to unsafe unit operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pietro Reverberi
- DCCI – Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Genova University, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Vocciante
- DCCI – Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Genova University, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Salerno
- Materials Characterization Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Omar Soda
- DCCI – Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Genova University, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Bruno Fabiano
- DICCA – Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic School, Genova University, via Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genova, Italy
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104
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Kim KC, Jiang T, Kim NI, Kwon C. Effects of ball-to-powder diameter ratio and powder particle shape on EDEM simulation in a planetary ball mill. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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105
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Tang M, Ye Q, Du C, Peng Y, Makwarimba CP, He Y, Lu S. PCDD/F removal at low temperatures over vanadium-based catalyst: insight into the superiority of mechanochemical method. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:7042-7052. [PMID: 34467487 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15477-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The high toxicity and low volatility of PCDD/Fs prevent detailed study of their catalytic degradation removal characteristics. In this study, 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1,2-DCBz) was initially used as a model to investigate the catalytic characteristics of various vanadium-based catalysts prepared by different methods. Then, the optimized catalyst was used for catalytic degradation of real PCDD/Fs at low temperatures based on a self-made stable source. The VOx/TiO2 catalysts synthesized by the mechanochemical method (VTi-MC2) had a higher 1,2-DCBz removal efficiency (>85%) and stability (> 420 min) at low temperatures (< 200 °C) compared to VTi-SG (sol-gol method) and VTi-WI (wetness impregnation method). The physicochemical properties of catalysts were studied using comprehensive characterization. It was found that the VTi-MC2 has better VOx species distribution and possesses the highest V5+ species and surface adsorbed oxygen content, which are the key factors that contributed to the higher removal efficiency. Accordingly, the mechanochemical method can be used to control the physicochemical properties of catalysts by adjusting the milling parameters. The optimum ball milling time is 2 h and a suitable precursor is NH4VO3 for VOx/TiO2. Moreover, the removal efficiency and catalytic degradation efficiency of PCDD/Fs in gas phase catalyzed by VTi-MC2 were 97% and 50% respectively, within a range of temperatures below 200 °C, which are both higher than those reported research. In general, the mechanochemical strategy employed in this study provides a means for seeking more efficient catalysts used for low-temperature degradation of various trace organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qiulin Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Cuicui Du
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yaqi Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Chengetai Portia Makwarimba
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yao He
- POWERCHINA Central China Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450007, China
| | - Shengyong Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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106
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The Art of Positronics in Contemporary Nanomaterials Science: A Case Study of Sub-Nanometer Scaled Glassy Arsenoselenides. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15010302. [PMID: 35009450 PMCID: PMC8745817 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The possibilities surrounding positronics, a versatile noninvasive tool employing annihilating positrons to probe atomic-deficient sub-nanometric imperfections in a condensed matter, are analyzed in application to glassy arsenoselenides g-AsxSe100-x (0 < x < 65), subjected to dry and wet (in 0.5% PVP water solution) nanomilling. A preliminary analysis was performed within a modified two-state simple trapping model (STM), assuming slight contributions from bound positron-electron (Ps, positronium) states. Positron trapping in g-AsxSe100-x/PVP nanocomposites was modified by an enriched population of Ps-decay sites in PVP. This was proven within a three-state STM, assuming two additive inputs in an overall trapping arising from distinct positron and Ps-related states. Formalism of x3-x2-CDA (coupling decomposition algorithm), describing the conversion of Ps-decay sites into positron traps, was applied to identify volumetric nanostructurization in wet-milled g-As-Se, with respect to dry-milled ones. Under wet nanomilling, the Ps-decay sites stabilized in inter-particle triple junctions filled with PVP replaced positron traps in dry-milled substances, the latter corresponding to multi-atomic vacancies in mostly negative environments of Se atoms. With increased Se content, these traps were agglomerated due to an abundant amount of Se-Se bonds. Three-component lifetime spectra with nanostructurally- and compositionally-tuned Ps-decay inputs and average lifetimes serve as a basis to correctly understand the specific "rainbow" effects observed in the row from pelletized PVP to wet-milled, dry-milled, and unmilled samples.
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107
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Stolar T, Alić J, Lončarić I, Etter M, Jung D, Farha OK, Đilović I, Meštrović E, Užarević K. Sustainable solid form screening: mechanochemical control over nucleobase hydrogen-bonded organic framework polymorphism. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00668e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The choice is yours! Liquid-assisted grinding can be used to control HOF polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasna Alić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivor Lončarić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martin Etter
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dahee Jung
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Omar K. Farha
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Ivica Đilović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ernest Meštrović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb, Croatia
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108
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Chatziadi A, Skořepová E, Kohout M, Ridvan L, Šoóš M. Exploring the polymorphism of sofosbuvir via mechanochemistry: effect of milling jar geometry and material. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01561c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the influence of polypropylene jar properties on the polymorphic transformations of sofosbuvir during milling experiments is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyro Chatziadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Skořepová
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kohout
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Ridvan
- Zentiva, k.s, U Kabelovny 130, 10237, Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Šoóš
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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109
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Synthesis and Properties of SrTiO 3 Ceramic Doped with Sm 2O 3. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14247549. [PMID: 34947145 PMCID: PMC8706045 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the effect of samarium oxide doping on a SrTiO3 perovskite ceramic. After analyzing the data obtained on the morphological features of the synthesized structures, it was found that an increase in the dopant concentration led not only to a change in the morphological features, but also in the density of the ferroelectrics. Using the X-ray diffraction method, it was found that doping with Sm2O3 led to the formation of a multiphase system of two cubic phases of SrTiO3 and Sm2O3. At the same time, an increase in the concentration of Sm2O3 dopant led to a change in the crystallinity degree, as well as deformation of the structure. Evaluation of the efficiency of use of synthesized ferroelectrics as catalysts for purification of aqueous media from manganese showed that an increase in the concentration of Sm2O3 dopant led to an increase in purification efficiency by 50–70%.
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110
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Vakili M, Qin R, Cagnetta G, Huang J, Wang B, Yu G. Improved fractal kinetic model to predict mechanochemical destruction rate of organic pollutants. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131307. [PMID: 34182281 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemical destruction of organic pollutants by high energy milling with inorganic reagents is considered a promising non-thermal technology to detoxify hazardous waste. However, due to complex nature of the physicochemical phenomena involved, pollutant destruction kinetics heavily depends on the used reagents and operating parameters, thus varying case by case. In the present work, a fractal model was validated as flexible tool to interpolate pollutant mechanochemical destruction data satisfactorily. In addition, such model was expanded to estimate the contributions of the inorganic reagent and the pollutant to the overall reaction rate. Specifically, the kinetic constant associated to mechanical activation of the co-milling reagent and that related to pollutant destruction reaction were calculated. Their values resulted to depend only on the specific compound, hence, the tabulated data could be used to predict the pollutant mechanochemical degradation rate for any kind of mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadtaghi Vakili
- Green Intelligence Environmental School, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China
| | - Ruobing Qin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOCC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Giovanni Cagnetta
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOCC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOCC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOCC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Gang Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOCC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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111
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Torre F, Mingazzini C, Mirabile Gattia D, Huminiuc T, Rinaldi A, Polcar T, Delogu F, Locci AM. Investigation on the Thermodynamic Stability of Nanocrystalline W-Based Alloys: A Combined Theoretical and Experimental Approach. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14237179. [PMID: 34885357 PMCID: PMC8658593 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The stability of nanostructured metal alloys is currently being extensively investigated, and several mathematical models have been developed to describe the thermodynamics of these systems. However, model capability in terms of thermal stability predictions strongly relies on grain boundary-related parameters that are difficult to measure or estimate accurately. To overcome this limitation, a novel theoretical approach is proposed and adopted in this work to identify W-based nanocrystalline alloys which are potentially able to show thermodynamic stability. A comparison between model outcomes and experimental findings is reported for two selected alloys, namely W-Ag and W-Al. Experimental results clearly highlight that W-Ag mixtures retain a segregated structure on relatively coarse length scales even after prolonged mechanical treatments. Moreover, annealing at moderate temperatures readily induces demixing of the constituent elements. In contrast, homogeneous nanostructured W-Al solid solutions are obtained by ball milling of elemental powders. These alloys show enhanced thermal stability with respect to pure W even at high homologous temperatures. Experimental evidences agree with model predictions for both the investigated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Torre
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica e dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Marengo 3, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (F.T.); (F.D.)
| | - Claudio Mingazzini
- Sustainability Department, SSPT-PROMAS-TEMAF, ENEA, Via Ravegnana, 186, SP302, 48018 Faenza, Italy;
| | - Daniele Mirabile Gattia
- Sustainability Department, SSPT-PROMAS-MATPRO, ENEA, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy; (D.M.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Teodor Huminiuc
- Engineering Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (T.H.); (T.P.)
| | - Antonio Rinaldi
- Sustainability Department, SSPT-PROMAS-MATPRO, ENEA, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy; (D.M.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Tomas Polcar
- Engineering Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (T.H.); (T.P.)
| | - Francesco Delogu
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica e dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Marengo 3, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (F.T.); (F.D.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Antonio Mario Locci
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica e dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Marengo 3, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (F.T.); (F.D.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Correspondence:
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112
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Lennox CB, Do JL, Crew JG, Arhangelskis M, Titi HM, Howarth AJ, Farha OK, Friščić T. Simplifying and expanding the scope of boron imidazolate framework (BIF) synthesis using mechanochemistry. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14499-14506. [PMID: 34881001 PMCID: PMC8580121 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03665c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanochemistry enables rapid access to boron imidazolate frameworks (BIFs), including ultralight materials based on Li and Cu(i) nodes, as well as new, previously unexplored systems based on Ag(i) nodes. Compared to solution methods, mechanochemistry is faster, provides materials with improved porosity, and replaces harsh reactants (e.g. n-butylithium) with simpler and safer oxides, carbonates or hydroxides. Periodic density-functional theory (DFT) calculations on polymorphic pairs of BIFs based on Li+, Cu+ and Ag+ nodes reveals that heavy-atom nodes increase the stability of the open SOD-framework relative to the non-porous dia-polymorph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron B Lennox
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada .,FRQNT Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM/CQMF) Montreal Canada
| | - Jean-Louis Do
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada .,FRQNT Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM/CQMF) Montreal Canada
| | - Joshua G Crew
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada .,School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Main Building. Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Mihails Arhangelskis
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada .,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw 1 Pasteura St 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Hatem M Titi
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada .,FRQNT Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM/CQMF) Montreal Canada
| | - Ashlee J Howarth
- FRQNT Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM/CQMF) Montreal Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke St. W H4B 1R6 Montreal Canada.,International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road 60208 Evanston Il USA
| | - Omar K Farha
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road 60208 Evanston Il USA
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada .,FRQNT Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM/CQMF) Montreal Canada
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113
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Rathmann T, Petersen H, Reichle S, Schmidt W, Amrute AP, Etter M, Weidenthaler C. In situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction studies monitoring mechanochemical reactions of hard materials: Challenges and limitations. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:114102. [PMID: 34852549 DOI: 10.1063/5.0068627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In situ monitoring of mechanochemical reactions of soft matter is feasible by synchrotron diffraction experiments. However, so far, reactions of hard materials in existing polymer milling vessels failed due to insufficient energy input. In this study, we present the development of a suitable setup for in situ diffraction experiments at a synchrotron facility. The mechanochemical transformation of boehmite, γ-AlOOH, to corundum, α-Al2O3, was chosen as a model system. The modifications of the mill's clamping system and the vessels themselves were investigated separately. Starting from a commercially available Retsch MM 400 shaker mill, the influence of the geometrical adaptation of the setup on the milling process was investigated. Simply extending the specimen holder proved to be not sufficient because changes in mechanical forces need to be accounted for in the construction of optimized extensions. Milling vessels that are suitable for diffraction experiments and also guarantee the required energy input as well as mechanical stability were developed. The vessels consist of a steel body and modular polymer/steel rings as x-ray transparent windows. In addition, the vessels are equipped with a gas inlet and outlet system that is connectable to a gas analytics setup. Based on the respective modifications, the transformation of boehmite to corundum could be observed in an optimized setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Rathmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Heterogeneous Catalysis, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim, Germany
| | - Hilke Petersen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Heterogeneous Catalysis, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim, Germany
| | - Steffen Reichle
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Heterogeneous Catalysis, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Heterogeneous Catalysis, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim, Germany
| | - Amol P Amrute
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Heterogeneous Catalysis, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim, Germany
| | - Martin Etter
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY) P02.1 PETRA III, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Weidenthaler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Heterogeneous Catalysis, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim, Germany
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114
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Maluangnont T, Chanlek N, Khamman O, Vittayakorn W, Sooknoi T. Structural and Compositional Characteristics of Ball-Milled Lepidocrocite Alkali Titanate and the Correlation to Its Surface Acidic-Basic Properties. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16326-16336. [PMID: 34644500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The studies on mechanical treatments of layered alkali metal oxides are limited despite their diverse compositions/structures and potential for property tuning. In this work, we vibratory mill Cs0.7Zn0.35Ti1.65O4, K0.8Zn0.4Ti1.6O4, and Cs2Ti6O13 for up to 4 h, during which the lepidocrocite-type structure and the plate-like morphology are well preserved. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates a tiny (≤0.6 Å) interlayer expansion accompanied by the enhancement of the preferred orientation along the stacking direction. Chemical analyses across multiple length scales suggest Cs deintercalation, elemental redistributions, and bulk-to-surface (or crystal edge) Cs migration. This ball-milling-induced Cs-rich moiety partially blocks the surface acid sites, although the solids still show a dominating acidic character. The ball-milled samples Cs0.7-pZn0.35-qTi1.65O4-δ contain vacancies between the sheets (p) and at the sheets (q and δ). It is deduced from Sanderson's electronegativity equalization principle and experimentally verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) that ball milling increases (decreases) the partial charge at the surface acidic Ti4+/Zn2+ (basic O2-) sites. These nonporous solids (≤20 m2·g-1) contain water sorbed on the external surface as high as 1.1 mol·mol-1, which is comparable to that in a water-intercalated sample. Our work expands the current understanding of the reactivity vs robustness in layered alkali titanates under physically demanding conditions, complementing knowledge gathered via the soft chemistry approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosapol Maluangnont
- Electroceramics Research Laboratory, College of Materials Innovation and Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.,Catalytic Chemistry Research Unit, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Narong Chanlek
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Orawan Khamman
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wanwilai Vittayakorn
- Electroceramics Research Laboratory, College of Materials Innovation and Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Tawan Sooknoi
- Catalytic Chemistry Research Unit, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.,Department of Chemistry, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
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115
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Palomo A, Maltseva O, Garcia-Lodeiro I, Fernández-Jiménez A. Portland Versus Alkaline Cement: Continuity or Clean Break: "A Key Decision for Global Sustainability". Front Chem 2021; 9:705475. [PMID: 34712645 PMCID: PMC8547590 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.705475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review undertakes rigorous analysis of much of the copious literature available to the scientific community on the use of alkali-activated binders (AABs) in construction. The authors’ main intention is to categorically refute arguments of that part of the scientific community underestimating or even dismissing the actual potential of AABs as alternatives to Portland cement (PC). The main premise invoked in support of those arguments is a presumed lack of material resources for precursors that would make AAB industrial-scale production unfeasible anywhere on the planet (a substantial number of scientific papers show that the raw materials required for AAB manufacture are in abundance worldwide). The review also analyses the role of alkaline activators in the chemistry of AABs; it is important to clarify and highlight that alkaline activators are not, by any means, confined to the two synthetic products (caustic soda and waterglass) mostly employed by researchers; other sustainable and efficient products are widely available. Finally, the review deals with the versatility of AAB production processes. The technologies required for the large scale manufacturing of AABs are mostly already in place in PC factories; actually no huge investment is required to transform a PC plant in a AAB factory; and quality and compositional uniformity of Alkaline Cements (binders produced through an industrial process) would be guaranteed. The last conclusions extracted from this review-paper are related with: i) the low carbon footprint of one-part AABs and ii) the urgent need of exploring standardization formulas allowing the commercial development of (sustainable) binders different from PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Palomo
- Eduardo Torroja Institute for Construction Science, IETcc-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - O Maltseva
- Eduardo Torroja Institute for Construction Science, IETcc-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Garcia-Lodeiro
- Eduardo Torroja Institute for Construction Science, IETcc-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Fernández-Jiménez
- Eduardo Torroja Institute for Construction Science, IETcc-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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116
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Geng X, Zhao W, Zhou Q, Duan Y, Huang T, Liu X. Effect of the Mechanochemical Process on the Stability of Mercury in Simulated Fly Ash, Part 2: Sulfur Additive. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinze Geng
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Weimeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Engineering Laboratory for Energy System Process Conversion & Emission Control Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Yufeng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Tianfang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiaoshuo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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117
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Chow CF, Lam CS, Lau KC, Gong CB. Waste-to-Energy: Production of Fuel Gases from Plastic Wastes. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213672. [PMID: 34771229 PMCID: PMC8588166 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new mechanochemical method was developed to convert polymer wastes, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), to fuel gases (H2, CH4, and CO) under ball-milling with KMnO4 at room temperature. By using various solid-state characterizations (XPS, SEM, EDS, FTIR, and NMR), and density functional theory calculations, it was found that the activation followed the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mechanism. Two metal oxidant molecules were found to abstract two separate hydrogen atoms from the α-CH and β-CH units of substrates, [-βCH2-αCH(R)-]n, where R = H in PE, R = γCH3 in PP, and R = Cl in PVC, resulting in a di-radical, [-βCH•-αC•(R)-]. Subsequently, the two unpaired electrons of the di-radical were recombined into an alkene intermediate, [-βCH = αC(R)-], which underwent further oxidation to produce H2, CH4, and CO gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk-Fai Chow
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-29487671
| | - Chow-Shing Lam
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; (C.-S.L.); (K.-C.L.)
| | - Kai-Chung Lau
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; (C.-S.L.); (K.-C.L.)
| | - Cheng-Bin Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
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118
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Changing the game of time resolved X-ray diffraction on the mechanochemistry playground by downsizing. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6134. [PMID: 34675198 PMCID: PMC8531352 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Time resolved in situ (TRIS) monitoring has revolutionised the study of mechanochemical transformations but has been limited by available data quality. Here we report how a combination of miniaturised grinding jars together with innovations in X-ray powder diffraction data collection and state-of-the-art analysis strategies transform the power of TRIS synchrotron mechanochemical experiments. Accurate phase compositions, comparable to those obtained by ex situ measurements, can be obtained with small sample loadings. Moreover, microstructural parameters (crystal size and microstrain) can be also determined with high confidence. This strategy applies to all chemistries, is readily implemented, and yields high-quality diffraction data even using a low energy synchrotron source. This offers a direct avenue towards the mechanochemical investigation of reactions comprising scarce, expensive, or toxic compounds. Our strategy is applied to model systems, including inorganic, metal-organic, and organic mechanosyntheses, resolves previously misinterpreted mechanisms in mechanochemical syntheses, and promises broad, new directions for mechanochemical research.
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119
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Belenguer AM, Lampronti GI, Sanders JKM. Implications of Thermodynamic Control: Dynamic Equilibrium Under Ball Mill Grinding Conditions. Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Belenguer
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW United Kingdom
| | - Giulio I. Lampronti
- Department of Earth Sciences University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EQ United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy K. M. Sanders
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW United Kingdom
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120
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Leitch JA, Smallman HR, Browne DL. Solvent-Minimized Synthesis of 4CzIPN and Related Organic Fluorophores via Ball Milling. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14095-14101. [PMID: 34256566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The mechanochemical synthesis of 2,4,5,6-tetra(9H-carbazol-9-yl)isophthalonitrile and related organic fluorophores/photocatalysts via a solvent-minimized four-fold SNAr pathway is herein described. Employing sodium tert-butoxide as base, and negating the need for any air/moisture-sensitive reaction set-ups, a selection of organic dyes was synthesized in just 1 h using this ball-milling technique. Furthermore, the transformation was then showcased on a multigram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A Leitch
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, University College London School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London W1CN 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Harry R Smallman
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, University College London School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London W1CN 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan L Browne
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, University College London School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London W1CN 1AX, United Kingdom
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121
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Bama JA, Dudognon E, Affouard F. Impact of Low Concentration of Strongly Hydrogen-Bonded Water Molecules on the Dynamics of Amorphous Terfenadine: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:11292-11307. [PMID: 34590855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c06087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The impact of low water concentration of strongly hydrogen-bonded water molecules on the dynamical properties of amorphous terfenadine (TFD) is investigated through complementary molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) experiments. In this article, we especially highlight the important role played by some residual water molecules in the concentration of 1-2% (w/w) trapped in the TFD glassy matrix, which are particularly difficult to remove experimentally without a specific heating/drying process. From MD computations and analyses of the hydrogen bonding (HB) interactions, different categories of water molecules are revealed and particularly the presence of strongly HB water molecules. These latter localize themselves in small pockets in empty spaces existing in between the TFD molecules due to the poor packing of the glassy state and preferentially interact with the polar groups close to the flexible central part of the TFD molecules. We present a simple model which rationalizes at the molecular scale the effect of these strongly HB water molecules on dynamics and how they give rise to a supplementary relaxation process (namely process S) which is detected for the first time in the glassy state of TFD annealed at room temperature while this process is completely absent in a non-annealed glass. It also explains how this supplementary relaxation is coupled with the intramolecular motion (namely process γ) of the very flexible central part of the TFD molecule. The present findings help to understand more generally the microscopic origin of the secondary relaxations often detected by DRS in the glassy states of molecular compounds for which the exact nature is still debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne-Annick Bama
- University Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207-UMET-Unité Matériaux et Transformations, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Emeline Dudognon
- University Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207-UMET-Unité Matériaux et Transformations, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Frédéric Affouard
- University Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207-UMET-Unité Matériaux et Transformations, Lille F-59000, France
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122
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Dang Q, Lin H, Fan Z, Ma L, Shao Q, Ji Y, Zheng F, Geng S, Yang SZ, Kong N, Zhu W, Li Y, Liao F, Huang X, Shao M. Iridium metallene oxide for acidic oxygen evolution catalysis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6007. [PMID: 34650084 PMCID: PMC8516950 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring new materials is essential in the field of material science. Especially, searching for optimal materials with utmost atomic utilization, ideal activities and desirable stability for catalytic applications requires smart design of materials' structures. Herein, we report iridium metallene oxide: 1 T phase-iridium dioxide (IrO2) by a synthetic strategy combining mechanochemistry and thermal treatment in a strong alkaline medium. This material demonstrates high activity for oxygen evolution reaction with a low overpotential of 197 millivolt in acidic electrolyte at 10 milliamperes per geometric square centimeter (mA cmgeo-2). Together, it achieves high turnover frequencies of 4.2 sUPD-1 (3.0 sBET-1) at 1.50 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode. Furthermore, 1T-IrO2 also shows little degradation after 126 hours chronopotentiometry measurement under the high current density of 250 mA cmgeo-2 in proton exchange membrane device. Theoretical calculations reveal that the active site of Ir in 1T-IrO2 provides an optimal free energy uphill in *OH formation, leading to the enhanced performance. The discovery of this 1T-metallene oxide material will provide new opportunities for catalysis and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Dang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Haiping Lin
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhenglong Fan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Lu Ma
- NSLS-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Qi Shao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| | - Yujin Ji
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Zheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Shize Geng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Ze Yang
- Eyring Materials Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
| | - Ningning Kong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wenxiang Zhu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Youyong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| | - Fan Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, P. R. China.
| | - Mingwang Shao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
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123
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Geng X, Zhao W, Zhou Q, Duan Y, Huang T, Liu X. Effect of a Mechanochemical Process on the Stability of Mercury in Simulated Fly Ash. Part 1. Ball Milling. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinze Geng
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Weimeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Engineering Laboratory for Energy System Process Conversion & Emission Control Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Yufeng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Tianfang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiaoshuo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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124
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Tsuzuki T. Mechanochemical synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles. Commun Chem 2021; 4:143. [PMID: 36697599 PMCID: PMC9814100 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00582-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, mechanochemical processing has emerged as a sustainable method for the large-scale production of a variety of nanomaterials. In particular, mechanochemical synthesis can afford well-dispersed metal-oxide nanoparticles, which are used in wide-ranging applications including energy storage and conversion, environmental monitoring, or biomedical uses. This article reviews recent progress in the mechanochemical synthesis of metal-oxide nanoparticles, explores reaction mechanisms, and contrasts the influence of chosen process parameters on the properties of end products. The role of choice of reaction pathway, as well as advantages and limitations compared to other synthesis methods are discussed. A prospect for future development of this synthetic method is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Tsuzuki
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477School of Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
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125
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Trifiletti V, Asker C, Tseberlidis G, Riva S, Zhao K, Tang W, Binetti S, Fenwick O. Quasi-Zero Dimensional Halide Perovskite Derivates: Synthesis, Status, and Opportunity. FRONTIERS IN ELECTRONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/felec.2021.758603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, many technological advances have been enabled by nanoscale phenomena, giving rise to the field of nanotechnology. In particular, unique optical and electronic phenomena occur on length scales less than 10 nanometres, which enable novel applications. Halide perovskites have been the focus of intense research on their optoelectronic properties and have demonstrated impressive performance in photovoltaic devices and later in other optoelectronic technologies, such as lasers and light-emitting diodes. The most studied crystalline form is the three-dimensional one, but, recently, the exploration of the low-dimensional derivatives has enabled new sub-classes of halide perovskite materials to emerge with distinct properties. In these materials, low-dimensional metal halide structures responsible for the electronic properties are separated and partially insulated from one another by the (typically organic) cations. Confinement occurs on a crystal lattice level, enabling bulk or thin-film materials that retain a degree of low-dimensional character. In particular, quasi-zero dimensional perovskite derivatives are proving to have distinct electronic, absorption, and photoluminescence properties. They are being explored for various technologies beyond photovoltaics (e.g. thermoelectrics, lasing, photodetectors, memristors, capacitors, LEDs). This review brings together the recent literature on these zero-dimensional materials in an interdisciplinary way that can spur applications for these compounds. The synthesis methods, the electrical, optical, and chemical properties, the advances in applications, and the challenges that need to be overcome as candidates for future electronic devices have been covered.
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126
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127
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Gonnet L, Baron M, Baltas M. Synthesis of Biologically Relevant 1,2,3- and 1,3,4-Triazoles: From Classical Pathway to Green Chemistry. Molecules 2021; 26:5667. [PMID: 34577138 PMCID: PMC8464795 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Green Chemistry has become in the last two decades an increasing part of research interest. Nonconventional «green» sources for chemical reactions include micro-wave, mechanical mixing, visible light and ultrasound. 1,2,3-triazoles have important applications in pharmaceutical chemistry while their 1,2,4 counterparts are developed to a lesser extent. In the review presented here we will focus on synthesis of 1,2,3 and 1,2,4-triazole systems by means of classical and « green chemistry » conditions involving ultrasound chemistry and mechanochemistry. The focus will be on compounds/scaffolds that possess biological/pharmacophoric properties. Finally, we will also present the formal cycloreversion of 1,2,3-triazole compounds under mechanical forces and its potential use in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Gonnet
- IMT Mines Albi, UMR CNRS 5302, Centre Rapsodee, Campus Jarlard, Allée des Sciences, Université de Toulouse, CEDEX 09, 81013 Albi, France; (L.G.); (M.B.)
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Michel Baron
- IMT Mines Albi, UMR CNRS 5302, Centre Rapsodee, Campus Jarlard, Allée des Sciences, Université de Toulouse, CEDEX 09, 81013 Albi, France; (L.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Michel Baltas
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, Inserm ERL 1289, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, CEDEX 4, F-31077 Toulouse, France
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128
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Petersen H, Reichle S, Leiting S, Losch P, Kersten W, Rathmann T, Tseng J, Etter M, Schmidt W, Weidenthaler C. In Situ Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Studies of the Mechanochemical Synthesis of ZnS from its Elements. Chemistry 2021; 27:12558-12565. [PMID: 34062026 PMCID: PMC8456871 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry, as a synthesis tool for inorganic materials, became an ever-growing field in material chemistry. The direct energy transfer by collision of the educts with the milling media gives the possibility to design environmental-friendly reactions. Nevertheless, the underlying process of energy transfer and hence the kinetics of mechanosynthesis remain unclear. Herein, we present in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies coupled with pressure measurements performed during the formation of ZnS and the subsequent phase transition (PT) from the hexagonal to the cubic modification. Milling Zn and S8 results in the sublimation of S8 , observed by a sudden pressure increase. Simultaneously, the hexagonal metastable ZnS-modification (wurtzite) forms. Via detection of the pressure maximum, the exact start of the wurtzite formation can be determined. Immediately after the formation of wurtzite, the structural PT to the thermodynamic stable cubic modification sphalerite takes place. This PT can be described by the Prout-Tompkins equation for autocatalytic reactions, similar to thermally induced PT in sulfur vapor at high temperatures (T>1133 K). The increase in the reactivity of the wurtzite formation is explained by the reaction in sulfur vapor and the induction of defect structures by the collisions with the milling media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilke Petersen
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Steffen Reichle
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Sebastian Leiting
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Pit Losch
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kersten
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Tobias Rathmann
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jochi Tseng
- College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Martin Etter
- P02.1 Petra III, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Claudia Weidenthaler
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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129
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Toward a Greener World-Cyclodextrin Derivatization by Mechanochemistry. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175193. [PMID: 34500627 PMCID: PMC8433980 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives are a challenge, mainly due to solubility problems. In many cases, the synthesis of CD derivatives requires high-boiling solvents, whereas the product isolation from the aqueous methods often requires energy-intensive processes. Complex formation faces similar challenges in that it involves interacting materials with conflicting properties. However, many authors also refer to the formation of non-covalent bonds, such as the formation of inclusion complexes or metal–organic networks, as reactions or synthesis, which makes it difficult to classify the technical papers. In many cases, the solubility of both the starting material and the product in the same solvent differs significantly. The sweetest point of mechanochemistry is the reduced demand or complete elimination of solvents from the synthesis. The lack of solvents can make syntheses more economical and greener. The limited molecular movements in solid-state allow the preparation of CD derivatives, which are difficult to produce under solvent reaction conditions. A mechanochemical reaction generally has a higher reagent utilization rate. When the reaction yields a good guest co-product, solvent-free conditions can be slower than in solution conditions. Regioselective syntheses of per-6-amino and alkylthio-CD derivatives or insoluble cyclodextrin polymers and nanosponges are good examples of what a greener technology can offer through solvent-free reaction conditions. In the case of thiolated CD derivatives, the absence of solvents results in significant suppression of the thiol group oxidation, too. The insoluble polymer synthesis is also more efficient when using the same molar ratio of the reagents as the solution reaction. Solid reactants not only reduce the chance of hydrolysis of multifunctional reactants or side reactions, but the spatial proximity of macrocycles also reduces the length of the spacing formed by the crosslinker. The structure of insoluble polymers of the mechanochemical reactions generally is more compact, with fewer and shorter hydrophilic arms than the products of the solution reactions.
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Akopova TA, Demina TS, Khavpachev MA, Popyrina TN, Grachev AV, Ivanov PL, Zelenetskii AN. Hydrophobic Modification of Chitosan via Reactive Solvent-Free Extrusion. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2807. [PMID: 34451348 PMCID: PMC8399264 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrophobic derivatives of polysaccharides possess an amphiphilic behavior and are widely used as rheological modifiers, selective sorbents, and stabilizers for compositions intended for various applications. In this work, we studied the mechanochemical reactions of chitosan alkylation when interacting with docosylglycidyl and hexadecylglycidyl ethers in the absence of solvents at shear deformation in a pilot twin-screw extruder. The chemical structure and physical properties of the obtained derivatives were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical tests. According to calculations for products soluble in aqueous media, it was possible to introduce about 5-12 hydrophobic fragments per chitosan macromolecule with a degree of polymerization of 500-2000. The length of the carbon chain of the alkyl substituent significantly affects its reactivity under the chosen conditions of mechanochemical synthesis. It was shown that modification disturbs the packing ability of the macromolecules, resulting in an increase of plasticity and drop in the elastic modulus of the film made from the hydrophobically modified chitosan samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A. Akopova
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, 70 Profsoyuznaya St., 117393 Moscow, Russia; (T.S.D.); (M.A.K.); (T.N.P.); (P.L.I.); (A.N.Z.)
| | - Tatiana S. Demina
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, 70 Profsoyuznaya St., 117393 Moscow, Russia; (T.S.D.); (M.A.K.); (T.N.P.); (P.L.I.); (A.N.Z.)
| | - Mukhamed A. Khavpachev
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, 70 Profsoyuznaya St., 117393 Moscow, Russia; (T.S.D.); (M.A.K.); (T.N.P.); (P.L.I.); (A.N.Z.)
| | - Tatiana N. Popyrina
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, 70 Profsoyuznaya St., 117393 Moscow, Russia; (T.S.D.); (M.A.K.); (T.N.P.); (P.L.I.); (A.N.Z.)
| | - Andrey V. Grachev
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina St., 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Pavel L. Ivanov
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, 70 Profsoyuznaya St., 117393 Moscow, Russia; (T.S.D.); (M.A.K.); (T.N.P.); (P.L.I.); (A.N.Z.)
| | - Alexander N. Zelenetskii
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, 70 Profsoyuznaya St., 117393 Moscow, Russia; (T.S.D.); (M.A.K.); (T.N.P.); (P.L.I.); (A.N.Z.)
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131
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Jones AC, Nicholson WI, Leitch JA, Browne DL. A Ball-Milling-Enabled Cross-Electrophile Coupling. Org Lett 2021; 23:6337-6341. [PMID: 34342468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling of aryl halides and alkyl halides enabled by ball-milling is herein described. Under a mechanochemical manifold, the reductive C-C bond formation was achieved in the absence of bulk solvent and air/moisture sensitive setups, in reaction times of 2 h. The mechanical action provided by ball milling permits the use of a range of zinc sources to turnover the nickel catalytic cycle, enabling the synthesis of 28 cross-electrophile coupled products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Jones
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - William I Nicholson
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie A Leitch
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan L Browne
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
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132
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High-Energy Mechanical Milling-Driven Reamorphization in Glassy Arsenic Monoselenide: On the Path of Tailoring Special Molecular-Network Glasses. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164478. [PMID: 34443000 PMCID: PMC8400771 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The impact of high-energy milling on glassy arsenic monoselenide g-AsSe is studied with X-ray diffraction applied to diffuse peak-halos proper to intermediate- and extended-range ordering revealed in first and second sharp diffraction peaks (FSDP and SSDP). A straightforward interpretation of this effect is developed within the modified microcrystalline approach, treating "amorphous" halos as a superposition of the broadened Bragg diffraction reflexes from remnants of some inter-planar correlations, supplemented by the Ehrenfest diffraction reflexes from most prominent inter-molecular and inter-atomic correlations belonging to these quasi-crystalline remnants. Under nanomilling, the cage-like As4Se4 molecules are merely destroyed in g-AsSe, facilitating a more polymerized chain-like network. The effect of nanomilling-driven molecular-to-network reamorphization results in a fragmentation impact on the correlation length of FSDP-responsible entities (due to an increase in the FSDP width and position). A breakdown in intermediate-range ordering is accompanied by changes in extended-range ordering due to the high-angular shift and broadening of the SSDP. A breakdown in the intermediate-range order is revealed in the destruction of most distant inter-atomic correlations, which belong to remnants of some quasi-crystalline planes, whereas the longer correlations dominate in the extended-range order. The microstructure scenarios of milling-driven reamorphization originated from the As4Se4 molecule, and its network derivatives are identified with an ab initio quantum-chemical cluster modeling code (CINCA).
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133
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Fetrow TV, Daly SR. Mechanochemical synthesis and structural analysis of trivalent lanthanide and uranium diphenylphosphinodiboranates. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:11472-11484. [PMID: 34346459 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01932e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphinodiboranates (H3BPR2BH3-) are a class of borohydrides that have merited a reputation as weakly coordinating anions, which is attributed in part to the dearth of coordination complexes known with transition metals, lanthanides, and actinides. We recently reported how K(H3BPtBu2BH3) exhibits sluggish salt elimination reactivity with f-metal halides in organic solvents such as Et2O and THF. Here we report how this reactivity appears to be further attenuated in solution when the tBu groups attached to phosphorus are exchanged for R = Ph or H, and we describe how mechanochemistry was used to overcome limited solution reactivity with K(H3BPPh2BH3). Grinding three equivalents of K(H3BPPh2BH3) with UI3(THF)4 or LnI3 (Ln = Ce, Pr, Nd) allowed homoleptic complexes with the empirical formulas U(H3BPPh2BH3)3 (1), Ce(H3BPPh2BH3)3 (2), Pr(H3BPPh2BH3)3 (3), and Nd(H3BPPh2BH3)3 (4) to be prepared and subsequently crystallized in good yields (50-80%). Single-crystal XRD studies revealed that all four complexes exist as dimers or coordination polymers in the solid-state, whereas 1H and 11B NMR spectra showed that they exist as a mixture of monomers and dimers in solution. Treating 4 with THF breaks up the dimer to yield the monomeric complex Nd(H3BPPh2BH3)3(THF)3 (4-THF). XRD studies revealed that 4-THF has one chelating and two dangling H3BPPh2BH3- ligands bound to the metal to accommodate binding of THF. In contrast to the results with K(H3BPPh2BH3), attempting the same mechanochemical reactions with Na(H3BPH2BH3) containing the simplest phosphinodiboranate were unsuccessful; only the partial metathesis product U(H3BPH2BH3)I2(THF)3 (5) was isolated in poor yields. Despite these limitations, our results offer new examples showing how mechanochemistry can be used to rapidly synthesize molecular coordination complexes that are otherwise difficult to prepare using more traditional solution methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor V Fetrow
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
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134
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Baláž M, Dobrozhan O, Tešinský M, Zhang RZ, Džunda R, Dutková E, Rajňák M, Chen K, Reece MJ, Baláž P. Scalable and environmentally friendly mechanochemical synthesis of nanocrystalline rhodostannite (Cu2FeSn3S8). POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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135
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Guo W, Wang Z, Wang X, Wu Y. General Design Concept for Single-Atom Catalysts toward Heterogeneous Catalysis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004287. [PMID: 34235782 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a new and popular material, single-atom catalysts (SACs) exhibit excellent activity, selectivity, and stability for numerous important reactions, and show great potential in heterogeneous catalysis due to their high atom utilization efficiency and the controllable characteristics of the active sites. The composition and coordination would determine the geometric and electronic structures of SACs, and thus greatly influence the catalytic performance. Based on atom economy, rational design and controllable synthesis of SACs have become central tasks in the fields of low-cost and green catalysis. Herein, an introduction to the recent progress in the precise synthesis of SACs including the regulation of the coordination structure and the choice of different systems is presented. Thereafter, the potentials of SACs in different applications are comprehensively summarized and discussed. Furthermore, a detailed discussion of the recent developments regarding the large-scale preparation of SACs is provided, including the major issues and prospects for industrialization. Finally, the main challenges and opportunities of rapid large-scale industrialization of SACs are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yuen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, China
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136
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Abstract
Chemical routes for the synthesis of nanostructures are fundamental in nanoscience. Among the different strategies for the production of nanostructures, this article reviews the fundamentals of the bottom-up approaches, focusing on wet chemistry synthesis. It offers a general view on the synthesis of different inorganic and hybrid organic–inorganic nanostructures such as ceramics, metal, and semiconductor nanoparticles, mesoporous structures, and metal–organic frameworks. This review article is especially written for a wide audience demanding a text focused on the basic concepts and ideas of the synthesis of inorganic and hybrid nanostructures. It is styled for both early researchers who are starting to work on this topic and also non-specialist readers with a basic background on chemistry. Updated references and texts that provide a deeper discussion and describing the different synthesis strategies in detail are given, as well as a section on the current perspectives and possible future evolution.
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137
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Abstract
Recent research endeavors have established that the mechanochemical activation of piezoelectric materials can open new avenues in redox chemistry. Impact forces, such as those imparted by a ball mill, have been shown to transform piezoelectric materials such as barium titanate (BaTiO3) into a highly polarized state, which can then donate an electron to a suitable oxidant and receive an electron from a suitable reductant, mimicking established photoredox catalytic cycles. Proof‐of‐concept studies have elucidated that mechanoredox chemistry holds great potential in sustainable and efficient radical‐based synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A Leitch
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, WC1N 1AX, London, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan L Browne
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, WC1N 1AX, London, United Kingdom
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138
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Rainer DN, Morris RE. New avenues for mechanochemistry in zeolite science. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:8995-9009. [PMID: 34152333 PMCID: PMC8258784 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01440d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Zeolites are a class of microporous materials with tremendous value for large scale industrial applications such as catalysis, ion exchange, or gas separation. In addition to naturally ocurring variants, zeolites are made synthetically using hydrothermal synthesis, requiring temperatures beyond 100 °C and long reaction times up to weeks. Furthermore, specific applications may require more sophisticated synthesis conditions, expensive reagents, or post-synthetic modifications. Some of these issues can be tackled by using the reemerged technique of mechanochemistry. In 2014, Majano et al. reviewed the space and outlined several possibilities for the usage of mechanical forces in zeolite chemistry. Since then the field has seen many more publications employing mechanochemical methodology to further and improve the synthesis and properties of zeolite materials. The usage ranges from the activation of raw materials, rendering the synthesis of the widely used catalysts much more economical in terms of duration, atom efficiency, and production of waste, to post-synthetic modification of the materials leading to improved properties for target aplications. We present a short review of the advances that have been reported recently, highlight promising work and important studies, and give a perspective of potential future endeavours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Rainer
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Russell E Morris
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK. and Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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139
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Meng A, Tian W, Yang H, Wang X, Wang X, Li Z. Molybdenum sulfide-modified metal-free graphitic carbon nitride/black phosphorus photocatalyst synthesized via high-energy ball-milling for efficient hydrogen evolution and hexavalent chromium reduction. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125400. [PMID: 33607584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Improving the photocatalytic property of metal-free photocatalyst is still a challenging work. Herein, a novel high-efficiency molybdenum sulfide (MoS2)-modified metal-free graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)/black phosphorus (BP) photocatalyst (MCN/BP/MS) was synthesized on a large scale via high-energy ball milling process. The optimized MCN/BP/MS exhibits the excellent hydrogen evolution rate of 2146.8 µmol·g-1·h-1, and hexavalent chromium (Cr(Ⅵ)) reduction activity with an apparent rate constant of 0.1464 min-1 and a degradation rate of 100% in 25 min. Detailed characterizations and mechanism research verified that the significantly improved photocatalytic activity of MCN/BP/MS mainly profited from the matched band structure, enhanced light absorption, intense interface contact, as well as the type-Ⅰ/Z hybrid charge transfer mechanism, which gave rise to a consecutive multistep charge migration, thus the photocarriers transfer and separation can be greatly promoted, and the photogenerated electrons with high reducing capacity can be preserved. This work not only provides a high-efficiency g-C3N4-based noble-metal-free photocatalyst, but also affords a beneficial inspiration for improving the photocatalytic property of the metal free photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE. College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, PR China
| | - Wenli Tian
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE. College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, PR China
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE. College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xianghu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE. College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xuehua Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, PR China; College of Sinp-German Science and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, PR China.
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140
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Weng R, Jiang J, Qu J, Li X, Zhang Q, Liu X. Effect of grinding aids and process parameters on dry fine grinding of polytetrafluoroethylene. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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141
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Gil-González E, Pérez-Maqueda LA, Sánchez-Jiménez PE, Perejón A. Paving the Way to Establish Protocols: Modeling and Predicting Mechanochemical Reactions. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:5540-5546. [PMID: 34105353 PMCID: PMC8280717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Parametrization of mechanochemical reactions, or relating the evolution of the reaction progress to the supplied input power, is required both to establish protocols and to gain insight into mechanochemical reactions. Thus, results could be compared, replicated, or scaled up even under different milling conditions, enlarging the domains of application of mechanochemistry. Here, we propose a procedure that allows the parametrization of mechanochemical reactions as a function of the supplied input power from the direct analysis of the milling experiments in a model-free approach, where neither the kinetic model function nor the rate constant equation are previously assumed. This procedure has been successfully tested with the mechanochemical reaction of CH3NH3PbCl3, enabling the possibility to make predictions regardless of the milling device as well as gaining insight into the reaction dynamic. This methodology can work for any other mechanical reaction and definitely paves the way to establish mechanochemistry as a standard synthetic procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gil-González
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas−Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
- Departamento
de Ingeniería Química, Universidad
de Sevilla, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Calle Virgen de África, 7, Sevilla 41011, Spain
| | - Luis A. Pérez-Maqueda
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas−Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Pedro E. Sánchez-Jiménez
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas−Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Antonio Perejón
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas−Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41012, Spain
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142
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Zhou L, Pan D, Guo Z, Li J, Huang S, Song J. Simple Construction of Amorphous Monometallic Cobalt‐Based Selenite Nanoparticles using Ball Milling for Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling‐Li Zhou
- International Joint Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Lihu Street 1800 Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Dong‐Sheng Pan
- International Joint Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Lihu Street 1800 Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Zheng‐Han Guo
- International Joint Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Lihu Street 1800 Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Jin‐Kun Li
- International Joint Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Lihu Street 1800 Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Sai Huang
- International Joint Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Lihu Street 1800 Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Jun‐Ling Song
- International Joint Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Lihu Street 1800 Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
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143
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Lukin S, Užarević K, Halasz I. Raman spectroscopy for real-time and in situ monitoring of mechanochemical milling reactions. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:3492-3521. [PMID: 34089023 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00545-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state milling has emerged as an alternative, sustainable approach for preparing virtually all classes of compounds and materials. In situ reaction monitoring is essential to understanding the kinetics and mechanisms of these reactions, but it has proved difficult to use standard analytical techniques to analyze the contents of the closed, rapidly moving reaction chamber (jar). Monitoring by Raman spectroscopy is an attractive choice, because it allows uninterrupted data collection from the outside of a translucent milling jar. It complements the already established in situ monitoring based on powder X-ray diffraction, which has limited accessibility to the wider research community, because it requires a synchrotron X-ray source. The Raman spectroscopy monitoring setup used in this protocol consists of an affordable, small portable spectrometer, a laser source and a Raman probe. Translucent reaction jars, most commonly made from a plastic material, enable interaction of the laser beam with the solid sample residing inside the closed reaction jar and collection of Raman-scattered photons while the ball mill is in operation. Acquired Raman spectra are analyzed using commercial or open-source software for data analysis (e.g., MATLAB, Octave, Python, R). Plotting the Raman spectra versus time enables qualitative analysis of reaction paths. This is demonstrated for an example reaction: the formation in the solid state of a cocrystal between nicotinamide and salicylic acid. A more rigorous data analysis can be achieved using multivariate analysis.
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144
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Emmerling ST, Germann LS, Julien PA, Moudrakovski I, Etter M, Friščić T, Dinnebier RE, Lotsch BV. In situ monitoring of mechanochemical covalent organic framework formation reveals templating effect of liquid additive. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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145
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Michalchuk AAL, Boldyreva EV, Belenguer AM, Emmerling F, Boldyrev VV. Tribochemistry, Mechanical Alloying, Mechanochemistry: What is in a Name? Front Chem 2021; 9:685789. [PMID: 34164379 PMCID: PMC8216082 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.685789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the decades, the application of mechanical force to influence chemical reactions has been called by various names: mechanochemistry, tribochemistry, mechanical alloying, to name but a few. The evolution of these terms has largely mirrored the understanding of the field. But what is meant by these terms, why have they evolved, and does it really matter how a process is called? Which parameters should be defined to describe unambiguously the experimental conditions such that others can reproduce the results, or to allow a meaningful comparison between processes explored under different conditions? Can the information on the process be encoded in a clear, concise, and self-explanatory way? We address these questions in this Opinion contribution, which we hope will spark timely and constructive discussion across the international mechanochemical community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena V. Boldyreva
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ana M. Belenguer
- Yusef Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Vladimir V. Boldyrev
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Voevodski Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
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146
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Bismuth Doping in Nanostructured Tetrahedrite: Scalable Synthesis and Thermoelectric Performance. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061386. [PMID: 34070243 PMCID: PMC8225167 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of Bi-doped tetrahedrite Cu12Sb4-xBixS13 (x = 0.02-0.20) synthesis in an industrial eccentric vibratory mill using Cu, Sb, Bi and S elemental precursors. High-energy milling was followed by spark plasma sintering. In all the samples, the prevailing content of tetrahedrite Cu12Sb4S13 (71-87%) and famatinite Cu3SbS4 (13-21%), together with small amounts of skinnerite Cu3SbS3, have been detected. The occurrence of the individual Cu-Sb-S phases and oxidation states of bismuth identified as Bi0 and Bi3+ are correlated. The most prominent effect of the simultaneous milling and doping on the thermoelectric properties is a decrease in the total thermal conductivity (κ) with increasing Bi content, in relation with the increasing amount of famatinite and skinnerite contents. The lowest value of κ was achieved for x = 0.2 (1.1 W m-1 K-1 at 675 K). However, this sample also manifests the lowest electrical conductivity σ, combined with relatively unchanged values for the Seebeck coefficient (S) compared with the un-doped sample. Overall, the lowered electrical performances outweigh the benefits from the decrease in thermal conductivity and the resulting figure-of-merit values illustrate a degradation effect of Bi doping on the thermoelectric properties of tetrahedrite in these synthesis conditions.
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147
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Solares-Briones M, Coyote-Dotor G, Páez-Franco JC, Zermeño-Ortega MR, de la O Contreras CM, Canseco-González D, Avila-Sorrosa A, Morales-Morales D, Germán-Acacio JM. Mechanochemistry: A Green Approach in the Preparation of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:790. [PMID: 34070646 PMCID: PMC8228148 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanochemistry is considered an alternative attractive greener approach to prepare diverse molecular compounds and has become an important synthetic tool in different fields (e.g., physics, chemistry, and material science) since is considered an ecofriendly procedure that can be carried out under solvent free conditions or in the presence of minimal quantities of solvent (catalytic amounts). Being able to substitute, in many cases, classical solution reactions often requiring significant amounts of solvents. These sustainable methods have had an enormous impact on a great variety of chemistry fields, including catalysis, organic synthesis, metal complexes formation, preparation of multicomponent pharmaceutical solid forms, etc. In this sense, we are interested in highlighting the advantages of mechanochemical methods on the obtaining of pharmaceutical cocrystals. Hence, in this review, we describe and discuss the relevance of mechanochemical procedures in the formation of multicomponent solid forms focusing on pharmaceutical cocrystals. Additionally, at the end of this paper, we collect a chronological survey of the most representative scientific papers reporting the mechanochemical synthesis of cocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizraín Solares-Briones
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Ciudad de México, C.P. 14000, Mexico; (M.S.-B.); (G.C.-D.); (J.C.P.-F.)
| | - Guadalupe Coyote-Dotor
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Ciudad de México, C.P. 14000, Mexico; (M.S.-B.); (G.C.-D.); (J.C.P.-F.)
| | - José C. Páez-Franco
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Ciudad de México, C.P. 14000, Mexico; (M.S.-B.); (G.C.-D.); (J.C.P.-F.)
| | - Miriam R. Zermeño-Ortega
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario No. 1, Nuevo Campus Universitario, Apdo. Postal 1552, Chihuahua, C.P. 31125, Mexico; (M.R.Z.-O.); (C.M.d.l.OC.)
| | - Carmen Myriam de la O Contreras
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario No. 1, Nuevo Campus Universitario, Apdo. Postal 1552, Chihuahua, C.P. 31125, Mexico; (M.R.Z.-O.); (C.M.d.l.OC.)
| | - Daniel Canseco-González
- CONACYT-Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación y Servicio Agroalimentario y Forestal, Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo, Texcoco de Mora, C.P. 56230, Mexico;
| | - Alcives Avila-Sorrosa
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México, C.P. 11340, Mexico;
| | - David Morales-Morales
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Juan M. Germán-Acacio
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Ciudad de México, C.P. 14000, Mexico; (M.S.-B.); (G.C.-D.); (J.C.P.-F.)
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148
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New Approach for Preparing In Vitro Bioactive Scaffold Consisted of Ag-Doped Hydroxyapatite + Polyvinyltrimethoxysilane. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111695. [PMID: 34067319 PMCID: PMC8196823 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, researchers have focused on the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of highly porous structures of biomaterials products. Porous composites are a new category of bioengineering that possess excellent functional and structural properties. In this study, the physical and mechanical properties of prepared doped silver (Ag)-hydroxyapatite (HA) by the mechanochemical and spark plasma sintering (SPS) methods were investigated. The influence of dopant on phase formation, structural properties, mechanical properties and morphological characteristics was investigated. Furthermore, in this case, as a new approach to produce a porous scaffold with an average size of >100 µm, the hair band was used as a mold. According to the Monshi-Scherrer method, the crystal size of scaffold was calculated 38 ± 2 nm and this value was in the good agreement with average value from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. In addition, the stress-strain compression test of scaffold was considered, and the maximum value of compressive strength was recorded ~15.71 MPa. Taking into account the XRD, TEM, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDAX) analysis, the prepared scaffold was bioactive and the effects of doped Ag-HA and the use of polyvinyltrimethoxysilane (PVTMS) as an additive were desirable. The results showed that the effect of thermal treatment on composed of Ag and HA were impressive while no change in transformation was observed at 850 °C. In addition, PVTMS plays an important role as an additive for preventing the decomposition and creating open-microporous in the scaffold that these porosities can be helpful for increasing bioactivity.
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149
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Ardila-Fierro KJ, Hernández JG. Sustainability Assessment of Mechanochemistry by Using the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2145-2162. [PMID: 33835716 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, mechanochemistry has been growing into a widely accepted alternative for chemical synthesis. In addition to their efficiency and practicality, mechanochemical reactions are also recognized for their sustainability. The association between mechanochemistry and Green Chemistry often originates from the solvent-free nature of most mechanochemical protocols, which can reduce waste production. However, mechanochemistry satisfies more than one of the Principles of Green Chemistry. In this Review we will present a series of examples that will clearly illustrate how mechanochemistry can significantly contribute to the fulfillment of Green Chemistry in a more holistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Ardila-Fierro
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - José G Hernández
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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150
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Using Calcined Marls as Non-Common Supplementary Cementitious Materials—A Critical Review. MINERALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/min11050517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the major research and scientific findings on the relevance of using calcined marl as supplementary cementitious material in developing eco-friendly cement for the next generation. Incorporation of calcined marl into cement can result in changes in the properties of these binders, and thus compatibility with other additions could be potential challenging, particularly at higher replacement ratios. From the reviewed literature, a detailed investigation on the characterization of calcined marls, activation methods, influencing parameters, along with studies on the hydration and microstructure was discussed, the overall objective aimed at coming up with the optimal physical and chemical parameters to generate highly reactive marl.
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