101
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Su CC, He M, Amine R, Chen Z, Amine K. Internally Referenced DOSY-NMR: A Novel Analytical Method in Revealing the Solution Structure of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolytes. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:3714-3719. [PMID: 29901395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel methodology is reported on the use of internally referenced diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (IR-DOSY) in divulging the solution structure of lithium-ion battery electrolytes. Toluene was utilized as the internal reference for 1H-DOSY analysis due to its exceptionally low donor number and reasonable solubility in various electrolytes. With the introduction of the internal reference, the solvent coordination ratio of different species in the electrolytes can be easily determined by 1H-DOSY or 7Li-DOSY. This new technique was applied to different carbonate electrolytes, and the results were consistent with a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. Compared to conventional vibrational spectroscopy, this IR-DOSY technique avoids the complicated deconvolution of the spectrum and allows determination of the solvent coordination ratio of different species in electrolyte systems with two or more organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Cheung Su
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Meinan He
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Rachid Amine
- Materials Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Zonghai Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Khalil Amine
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
- IRMC, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU) , Dammam 34212 , Saudi Arabia
- Material Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
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102
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Lemmerz LE, McLellan R, Judge NR, Kennedy AR, Orr SA, Uzelac M, Hevia E, Robertson SD, Okuda J, Mulvey RE. Donor-influenced Structure-Activity Correlations in Stoichiometric and Catalytic Reactions of Lithium Monoamido-Monohydrido-Dialkylaluminates. Chemistry 2018; 24:9940-9948. [PMID: 29697160 PMCID: PMC6055685 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of heteroleptic monoamido‐monohydrido‐dialkylaluminate complexes of general formula [iBu2AlTMPHLi⋅donor] were synthesized and characterised in solution and in the solid state. Applying these complexes in catalytic hydroboration reactions with representative aldehydes and ketones reveals that all are competent, however a definite donor substituent effect is discernible. The bifunctional nature of the complexes is also probed by assessing their performance in metallation of a triazole and phenylacetylene and addition across pyrazine. These results lead to an example of phenylacetylene hydroboration, which likely proceeds via deprotonation, rather than insertion as observed with the aldehydes and ketones. Collectively, the results emphasise that reactivity is strongly influenced by both the mixed‐metal constitution and mixed‐ligand constitution of the new aluminates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara E Lemmerz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ross McLellan
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Neil R Judge
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Samantha A Orr
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Stuart D Robertson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert E Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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103
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Cols JMEP, Hill VG, Williams SK, McIntosh RD. Aggregated initiators: defining their role in the ROP of rac-lactide. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:10626-10635. [PMID: 29796503 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01229f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Reported examples of aggregated initiators for the ring-opening polymerisation (ROP) of lactide often lack detailed investigations as to the nature of the active species, making it difficult to reconcile ligand design with performance. Here, we offer additional stability to the polynuclear titanium complexes, TiL(OiPr) (L = 9-14), through a bridging carboxylate anchored to the supporting amine bis(phenolate) ligands. An in-depth study of solution-state behaviour determined the process of assembly was driven by interactions between the carboxylate and a vacant site on a neighbouring titanium centre. Furthermore, we establish that mononuclear units form dynamic mixtures of polynuclear aggregates, with a clear relationship between nuclearity of the aggregates and the steric bulk on the ligand. Smaller aggregates displayed increased activity towards the ROP of rac-lactide. Furthermore, addition of a chiral centre, on the ligand framework, was investigated as a route to influence the selectivity of the polymerisation via easily-accessible initiators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie E P Cols
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Victoria G Hill
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Stella K Williams
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Ruaraidh D McIntosh
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
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104
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Bookser BC, Weinhouse MI, Burns AC, Valiere AN, Valdez LJ, Stanczak P, Na J, Rheingold AL, Moore CE, Dyck B. Solvent-Controlled, Site-Selective N-Alkylation Reactions of Azolo-Fused Ring Heterocycles at N1-, N2-, and N3-Positions, Including Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines, Purines, [1,2,3]Triazolo[4,5]pyridines, and Related Deaza-Compounds. J Org Chem 2018; 83:6334-6353. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry, Crystallography Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, Urey Hall 5128, mail code 0358, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Curtis E. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, Crystallography Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, Urey Hall 5128, mail code 0358, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
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105
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Guang J, Duwald R, Maddaluno J, Oulyadi H, Lakhdar S, Gaumont AC, Harrison-Marchand A. Synthesis and Identification of Aryl and Alkyl Gem-Dilithium Phosphido-Boranes: A Boost to the Chemistry of Phosphandiides. Chemistry 2018. [PMID: 29533492 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Guang
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS; Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Romain Duwald
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS; Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Jacques Maddaluno
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS; Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Hassan Oulyadi
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS; Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Sami Lakhdar
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS; Laboratoire LCMT (UMR 6507 & FR 3038); 14000 Caen France
| | - Annie-Claude Gaumont
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS; Laboratoire LCMT (UMR 6507 & FR 3038); 14000 Caen France
| | - Anne Harrison-Marchand
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS; Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038); 76000 Rouen France
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106
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Why is cis / trans stereoinversion with Li + (THF) 4 migration across the phenyl ring of α-lithiostyrene accelerated by two ortho -methyl groups? Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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107
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Yan L, Meng Y, Haeffner F, Leon RM, Crockett MP, Morken JP. Carbohydrate/DBU Cocatalyzed Alkene Diboration: Mechanistic Insight Provides Enhanced Catalytic Efficiency and Substrate Scope. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3663-3673. [PMID: 29442502 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A mechanistic investigation of the carbohydrate/DBU cocatalyzed enantioselective diboration of alkenes is presented. These studies provide an understanding of the origin of stereoselectivity and also reveal a strategy for enhancing reactivity and broadening the substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Yan Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Fredrik Haeffner
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Robert M Leon
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Michael P Crockett
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - James P Morken
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
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108
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Evans R, Dal Poggetto G, Nilsson M, Morris GA. Improving the Interpretation of Small Molecule Diffusion Coefficients. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3987-3994. [PMID: 29481057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) is increasingly widely used for the analysis of mixtures by NMR spectroscopy, dispersing the signals of different species according to their diffusion coefficients. DOSY is used primarily to distinguish between the signals of different species, with the interpretation of the diffusion coefficients observed usually being purely qualitative, for example to deduce whether one species is bigger or smaller than another. In principle, the actual values of diffusion coefficient obtained carry important information about the sizes of different species and on interactions between species, but the relationship between diffusion coefficient and molecular mass is in general a very complex one. Here a recently proposed analytical relationship between diffusion coefficient and molecular mass for the restricted case of small organic molecules is tested against a wide range of data from the scientific literature and generalized to cover a range of solvents and temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Evans
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, School of Engineering and Applied Science , Aston University , Birmingham , B4 7ET , U.K
| | | | - Mathias Nilsson
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
| | - Gareth A Morris
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
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109
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Dufrois Q, Daran JC, Vendier L, Dinoi C, Etienne M. Triangles and Squares for a Unique Molecular Crystal Structure: Unsupported Two-Coordinate Lithium Cations and CC Agostic Interactions in Cyclopropyllithium Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1786-1791. [PMID: 29205730 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Understanding and controlling the aggregation state is germane to alkyllithium chemistry. Lewis base-free alkyllithium compounds normally form tetrahedral tetramers or octahedral hexamers in the solid state with the lithium cations being three-coordinate. We report that the unsupported cyclopropyl derivative 1-(trimethylsilyl)cyclopropyllithium [{μ-c-C(SiMe3 )C2 H4 }Li]4 (1), synthesized by the reduction of 1-(phenylthio)-1-(trimethylsilyl)cyclopropane, crystallizes as a tetramer in the space group I-4 with the two-coordinate lithium atoms forming a square. CC agostic interactions complete the coordination sphere around each lithium. The aggregate is preserved in hydrocarbon solution. Furthermore, CC agostic interactions compete intra- and intermolecularly with Lewis base donation as in the unsaturated dimer of 1-(phenylthio)cyclopropyllithium [Li(thf)2 {μ-c-C(SPh)C2 H4 }2 Li (thf)] (3) which is also fully characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Dufrois
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS (LCC), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Jean-Claude Daran
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS (LCC), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Laure Vendier
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS (LCC), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Chiara Dinoi
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS (LCC), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France.,Current address: LPCNO INSA, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Michel Etienne
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS (LCC), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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110
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Zhao Y, Zhang J, Chen Y, Li Z, Nie H, Peng W, Su S. Altered Serum Metabolite Profiling and Relevant Pathway Analysis in Rats Stimulated by Honeybee Venom: New Insight into Allergy to Honeybee Venom. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:871-880. [PMID: 29322776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To improve our understanding of the disturbed metabolic pathways and cellular responses triggered by honeybee venom stimulation, we compared the changes in serum metabolites in rats, either stimulated or not by honeybee venom, by performing 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry-based metabonomics to identify potential biomarkers. In this study, 65 metabolites were structurally confirmed and quantified and the following results were obtained. First, by pattern recognition analysis, 14 metabolites were selected as potential biomarkers 3 h after venom stimulation. Second, metabolic pathway analysis showed that methane metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism were affected. Finally, the time-dependent metabolic modifications indicated that rats could recover without medical treatment 24 h after venom stimulation. In summary, this new insight into the changes in serum metabolites in rats after honeybee venom stimulation has enhanced our understanding of the response of an organism to honeybee venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Zhao
- College of Bee Sciences/College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmei Zhang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Chen
- Bee Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Zhiguo Li
- College of Bee Sciences/College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyi Nie
- College of Bee Sciences/College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Peng
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Songkun Su
- College of Bee Sciences/College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
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111
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Bachmann S, Gernert B, Stalke D. Solution structures of alkali metal cyclopentadienides in THF estimated by ECC-DOSY NMR-spectroscopy (incl. software). Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:12861-12864. [PMID: 27731871 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07273a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we present the aggregational motifs of the widely used alkali-metal cyclopentadienides (CpLi, CpNa, CpK, CpRb, CpCs) in THF-d8 solution estimated by ECC-DOSY NMR spectroscopy. They form monomeric contact ion pairs (CIPs) in THF-d8 solution, whereas in NH3 solvent-separated ion pairs (SSIPs) are observed. The applicability of ECC-DOSY is further advanced by introducing ECC-MW estimation software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bachmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraße 4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Björn Gernert
- Institut für Betriebssysteme und Rechnerverbund, TU Braunschweig, Mühlenpfordstraße 23, Braunschweig, D-38106, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraße 4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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112
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Isaac JA, Mansour AT, David R, Kochem A, Philouze C, Demeshko S, Meyer F, Réglier M, Simaan AJ, Caldarelli S, Yemloul M, Jamet H, Thibon-Pourret A, Belle C. Tetranuclear and dinuclear phenoxido bridged copper complexes based on unsymmetrical thiosemicarbazone ligands. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:9665-9676. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02452a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dinuclear and tetranuclear copper(ii) complexes based on N,S ligand systems in the solid state and in solution are described.
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113
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Hamdoun G, Guduff L, van Heijenoort C, Bour C, Gandon V, Dumez JN. Spatially encoded diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy of reaction mixtures in organic solvents. Analyst 2018; 143:3458-3464. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00434j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Using a spatial encoding of the diffusion dimension, DOSY NMR data are acquired in less than one second for reaction mixtures in organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghanem Hamdoun
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS UPR2301
- Univ. Paris Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- 91190 Gif-Sur-Yvette
| | - Ludmilla Guduff
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS UPR2301
- Univ. Paris Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- 91190 Gif-Sur-Yvette
| | - Carine van Heijenoort
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS UPR2301
- Univ. Paris Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- 91190 Gif-Sur-Yvette
| | - Christophe Bour
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay
- CNRS UMR 8182
- Univ. Paris Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- 91405 Orsay
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay
- CNRS UMR 8182
- Univ. Paris Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- 91405 Orsay
| | - Jean-Nicolas Dumez
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles
- CNRS UPR2301
- Univ. Paris Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- 91190 Gif-Sur-Yvette
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114
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Dufrois Q, Daran JC, Vendier L, Dinoi C, Etienne M. Triangles and Squares for a Unique Molecular Crystal Structure: Unsupported Two-Coordinate Lithium Cations and CC Agostic Interactions in Cyclopropyllithium Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Dufrois
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS (LCC); 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC; 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Jean-Claude Daran
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS (LCC); 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC; 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Laure Vendier
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS (LCC); 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC; 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Chiara Dinoi
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS (LCC); 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC; 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
- Current address: LPCNO INSA; 135 Avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Michel Etienne
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS (LCC); 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC; 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
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115
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Baccaro S, Casieri C, Cemmi A, Chiarini M, D’Aiuto V, Tortora M. Characterization of γ-radiation induced polymerization in ethyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate monomers solutions. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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116
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Koehne I, Bachmann S, Herbst-Irmer R, Stalke D. A Water-Containing Organopotassium Compound Based on Bis(4,6-tBu-benzoxazol-2-yl)methanide and Its Unexpected Stability to Hydrolysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15141-15145. [PMID: 28960682 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The bulky bis(4,6-tBu-benzoxazol-2-yl)methane ligand system enabled the synthesis of the water-containing organometallic potassium complex [(18-crown-6)K{(4,6-tBu-OCNC6 H2 )2 CH}⋅H2 O] (2), which is an unprecedented example of a water-stable reactive organopotassium compound. Furthermore, 2 is a rare example of a bis(benzoxazol-2-yl)methanide ligand displaying solely O-coordination to a metal ion. Compound 2 was fully characterized through its solid-state structure. Furthermore, its behavior in solution was investigated by NMR titration DOSY experiments. These revealed full protonation of the complex only after seven days and the addition of 114 equivalents of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Koehne
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bachmann
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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117
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Monakhova YB, Diehl BWK, Do TX, Schulze M, Witzleben S. Novel method for the determination of average molecular weight of natural polymers based on 2D DOSY NMR and chemometrics: Example of heparin. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 149:128-132. [PMID: 29112901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Apart from the characterization of impurities, the full characterization of heparin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) also requires the determination of average molecular weight, which is closely related to the pharmaceutical properties of anticoagulant drugs. To determine average molecular weight of these animal-derived polymer products, partial least squares regression (PLS) was utilized for modelling of diffused-ordered spectroscopy NMR data (DOSY) of a representative set of heparin (n=32) and LMWH (n=30) samples. The same sets of samples were measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) to obtain reference data. The application of PLS to the data led to calibration models with root mean square error of prediction of 498Da and 179Da for heparin and LMWH, respectively. The average coefficients of variation (CVs) did not exceed 2.1% excluding sample preparation (by successive measuring one solution, n=5) and 2.5% including sample preparation (by preparing and analyzing separate samples, n=5). An advantage of the method is that the sample after standard 1D NMR characterization can be used for the molecular weight determination without further manipulation. The accuracy of multivariate models is better than the previous results for other matrices employing internal standards. Therefore, DOSY experiment is recommended to be employed for the calculation of molecular weight of heparin products as a complementary measurement to standard 1D NMR quality control. The method can be easily transferred to other matrices as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia B Monakhova
- Spectral Service AG, Emil-Hoffmann-Straße 33, 50996 Köln, Germany; Institute of Chemistry, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Street 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia.
| | - Bernd W K Diehl
- Spectral Service AG, Emil-Hoffmann-Straße 33, 50996 Köln, Germany
| | - Tung X Do
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Von-Liebig-Straße 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Margit Schulze
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Von-Liebig-Straße 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Steffen Witzleben
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Von-Liebig-Straße 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
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118
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Schütze M, Dechert S, Meyer F. Highly Active and Readily Accessible Proline-Based Dizinc Catalyst for CO 2 /Epoxide Copolymerization. Chemistry 2017; 23:16472-16475. [PMID: 29024105 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the pursuit of CO2 -based materials, the development of efficient catalysts for the alternating copolymerization of CO2 and epoxides to give polycarbonates is receiving particular attention. Desirable attributes for such catalysts are high copolymerization activity at low CO2 pressure, as well as chemo- and stereocontrol over the formed polymer. Here, we report a novel chiral zinc catalyst that can be isolated in 97 % yield from commercial sources, and that produces polycarbonates selectively from neat cyclohexene oxide under 1 bar of CO2 pressure at temperatures above 50 °C. At 80 °C reaction temperature, TONs of 1684 and initial TOFs up to 149 h-1 were measured, producing an isotactic-enriched polycarbonate with a probability Pm of 65 % for the formation of a meso diad. Insight into the dinuclear nature of the active species and the copolymerization progress has been gained from structural and spectroscopic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Schütze
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstr. 4, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dechert
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstr. 4, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstr. 4, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
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119
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Koehne I, Bachmann S, Herbst-Irmer R, Stalke D. Eine wasserhaltige Organokaliumverbindung basierend auf Bis(4,6-tert-
Butylbenzoxazol-2-yl)methanid und ihre unerwartete Hydrolysebeständigkeit. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Koehne
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Bachmann
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
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120
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Arrabal-Campos FM, Álvarez JD, García-Sancho A, Fernández I. Molecular weight prediction in polystyrene blends. Unprecedented use of a genetic algorithm in pulse field gradient spin echo (PGSE) NMR. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:6620-6626. [PMID: 28920614 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01569k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A genetic algorithm that uses boxcar functions (diffGA) has been applied for the first time in PGSE NMR. It reconstructs accurate diffusion coefficients for all the components of the mixture, and therefore predicts correct weight-average molecular weights for all of them. The results reported herein complement those obtained with established methods such as ITAMeD, CONTIN and TRAIn algorithms, and provide a detailed solution picture. Its robustness and limits have been stretched in order to ascertain the minimum separation within diffusion coefficients or relative proportion between components. In addition, the new genetic algorithm has been also applied to a mixture of small molecules, providing excellent results at very low computational times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M Arrabal-Campos
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain.
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121
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Guduff L, Kurzbach D, van Heijenoort C, Abergel D, Dumez JN. Single-Scan 13
C Diffusion-Ordered NMR Spectroscopy of DNP-Hyperpolarised Substrates. Chemistry 2017; 23:16722-16727. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludmilla Guduff
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; CNRS UPR2301; Univ. Paris Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Dennis Kurzbach
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules; Département de chimie; Ecole normale supérieure; UPMC Univ. Paris 06; CNRS; PSL Research University; 75005 Paris France
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules; Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ. Paris 06; Ecole normale supérieure; CNRS; 75005 Paris France
| | - Carine van Heijenoort
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; CNRS UPR2301; Univ. Paris Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Daniel Abergel
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules; Département de chimie; Ecole normale supérieure; UPMC Univ. Paris 06; CNRS; PSL Research University; 75005 Paris France
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules; Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ. Paris 06; Ecole normale supérieure; CNRS; 75005 Paris France
| | - Jean-Nicolas Dumez
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; CNRS UPR2301; Univ. Paris Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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122
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Kreyenschmidt AK, Bachmann S, Niklas T, Stalke D. Molecular Weight Estimation of Molecules Incorporating Heavier Elements from van-der-Waals Corrected ECC-DOSY. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Kathrin Kreyenschmidt
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen
| | - Sebastian Bachmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen
| | - Thomas Niklas
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen
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123
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Koehne I, Bachmann S, Niklas T, Herbst-Irmer R, Stalke D. A Novel Bulky Heteroaromatic-Substituted Methanide Mimicking NacNac: Bis(4,6-tert-butylbenzoxazol-2-yl)methanide in s-Block Metal Coordination. Chemistry 2017; 23:13141-13149. [PMID: 28833616 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A novel bulky bis(4,6-tBu-benzoxazol-2-yl)methane ligand was synthesized in a straightforward three-step synthesis. The corresponding complexes [Li{(4,6-tBu-NCOC6 H2 )2 CH}THF], [K{η5 -(4,6-tBu-NCOC6 H2 )2 CH}]∞ , and [MgCl{(4,6-tBu-NCOC6 H2 )2 CH}(THF)2 ] were obtained upon metalation with alkaline or alkaline-earth-metal reagents. Reduction of [MgCl{(4,6-tBu-NCOC6 H2 )2 CH}(THF)2 ] with potassium metal or KC8 led to the formation of the homoleptic compound [Mg{(4,6-tBu-NCOC6 H2 )2 CH}2 ]. All compounds were fully characterized. Their solid-state structures as well as their behavior in solution, which was analyzed with the help of advanced NMR spectroscopic techniques, are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Koehne
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstraße 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bachmann
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstraße 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Niklas
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstraße 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstraße 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstraße 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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124
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Barozzino-Consiglio G, Hamdoun G, Fressigné C, Harrison-Marchand A, Maddaluno J, Oulyadi H. A Combined 1
H/6
Li NMR DOSY Strategy Finally Uncovers the Structure of Isopropyllithium in THF. Chemistry 2017; 23:12475-12479. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghanem Hamdoun
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS; Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Catherine Fressigné
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS; Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Anne Harrison-Marchand
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS; Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Jacques Maddaluno
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS; Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Hassan Oulyadi
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS; Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038); 76000 Rouen France
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125
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Orłowski R, Tasior M, Staszewska-Krajewska O, Dobrzycki Ł, Schilf W, Ventura B, Cyrański MK, Gryko DT. Hydrogen Bonds Involving Cavity NH Protons Drives Supramolecular Oligomerization of Amido-Corroles. Chemistry 2017; 23:10195-10204. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Orłowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; PAS; 44/52 Kasprzaka str. 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Mariusz Tasior
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; PAS; 44/52 Kasprzaka str. 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Łukasz Dobrzycki
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Warsaw; Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Wojciech Schilf
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; PAS; 44/52 Kasprzaka str. 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Michał K. Cyrański
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Warsaw; Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; PAS; 44/52 Kasprzaka str. 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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126
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Doistau B, Benda L, Cantin JL, Chamoreau LM, Ruiz E, Marvaud V, Hasenknopf B, Vives G. Six States Switching of Redox-Active Molecular Tweezers by Three Orthogonal Stimuli. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:9213-9220. [PMID: 28605200 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A six level molecular switch based on terpyridine(Ni-salphen)2 tweezers and addressable by three orthogonal stimuli (metal coordination, redox reaction, and guest binding) is reported. By a metal coordination stimulus, the tweezers can be mechanically switched from an open "W"-shaped conformation to a closed "U"-shaped form. Theses two states can each be reversibly oxidized by the redox stimulus and bind to a pyrazine guest resulting in four additional states. All six states are stable and accessible by the right combination of stimuli and were studied by NMR, XRD, EPR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations. The combination of the supramolecular concepts of mechanical motion and guest binding with the redox noninnocent and valence tautomerism properties of Ni-salphen complexes added two new dimensions to a mechanical switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Doistau
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire , UMR 8232, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lorien Benda
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire , UMR 8232, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Cantin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSP , 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lise-Marie Chamoreau
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire , UMR 8232, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Eliseo Ruiz
- Departament de Química Inorgànica and Institut de Recerca de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona , Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valérie Marvaud
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire , UMR 8232, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Bernold Hasenknopf
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire , UMR 8232, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Vives
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire , UMR 8232, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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127
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Tai O, Hopson R, Williard PG. Ligand Binding Constants to Lithium Hexamethyldisilazide Determined by Diffusion-Ordered NMR Spectroscopy. J Org Chem 2017; 82:6223-6231. [PMID: 28562035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the direct measurement of ligand-binding constants of organolithium complexes using a 1H NMR/diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) titration technique. Lithium hexamethyldisilazide complexes with ethereal and ester donor ligands (THF, diethyl ether, MTBE, THP, tert-butyl acetate) are characterized using 1H NMR and X-ray crystallography. Their aggregation and solvation states are confirmed using diffusion coefficient-formula weight correlation analysis, and the 1H NMR/DOSY titration technique is applied to obtain their binding constants. Our work suggests that steric hindrance of ethereal ligands plays an important role in the aggregation, solvation, and reactivity of these complexes. It is noteworthy that diffusion methodology is utilized to obtain binding constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onkei Tai
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Russell Hopson
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Paul G Williard
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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128
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Pregosin PS. Applications of NMR diffusion methods with emphasis on ion pairing in inorganic chemistry: a mini-review. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2017; 55:405-413. [PMID: 26888228 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This mini-review provides a brief overview of the use of NMR diffusion methods in connection with estimating molecular weights in solution, recognizing hydrogen bonding and encapsulation processes and, primarily, identifying and estimating the varying degrees of ion pairing. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Pregosin
- Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie, ETHZ HCI, Hönggerberg, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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129
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Roşca SC, Caytan E, Dorcet V, Roisnel T, Carpentier JF, Sarazin Y. π Ligands in Alkaline Earth Complexes. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sorin-Claudiu Roşca
- Université de Rennes
1, CNRS, UMR 6226, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Elsa Caytan
- Université de Rennes
1, CNRS, UMR 6226, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Université de Rennes
1, CNRS, UMR 6226, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Université de Rennes
1, CNRS, UMR 6226, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Jean-François Carpentier
- Université de Rennes
1, CNRS, UMR 6226, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Yann Sarazin
- Université de Rennes
1, CNRS, UMR 6226, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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130
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Aldrich KE, Billow BS, Holmes D, Bemowski RD, Odom AL. Weakly Coordinating yet Ion Paired: Anion Effects on an Internal Rearrangement. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E. Aldrich
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East
Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Brennan S. Billow
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East
Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Daniel Holmes
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East
Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Ross D. Bemowski
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East
Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Aaron L. Odom
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East
Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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131
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Oetzel J, Weyer N, Bruhn C, Leibold M, Gerke B, Pöttgen R, Maier M, Winter RF, Holthausen MC, Siemeling U. Redox-Active N-Heterocyclic Germylenes and Stannylenes with a Ferrocene-1,1'-diyl Backbone. Chemistry 2017; 23:1187-1199. [PMID: 27859833 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We describe ferrocene-based N-heterocyclic germylenes and stannylenes of the type [Fe{(η5 -C5 H4 )NR}2 E:] (1 RE; E=Ge, Sn; R=neopentyl (Np), mesityl (Mes), trimethylsilyl (TMS)), which constitute the first examples of redox-functionalised N-heterocyclic tetrylenes (NHTs). These compounds are thermally stable and were structurally characterised by means of X-ray diffraction studies, except for the neopentyl-substituted stannylene 1 NpSn, the decomposition of which afforded the aminoiminoferrocene [fc(NHCH2 tBu)(N=CHtBu)] (2) and the spiro tin(IV) compound (1 Np)2 Sn (3). DFT calculations show that the HOMO of the NHTs of our study is localised on the ferrocenylene backbone. A one-electron oxidation process affords ions of the type 1 RE+. . In contrast to the NHC system 1 RC, the localised ferrocenium-type nature of the oxidised form does not compromise the fundamental tetrylene character of 1 RE+. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Oetzel
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Nadine Weyer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Michael Leibold
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Birgit Gerke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Rainer Pöttgen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Maier
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78453, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rainer F Winter
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78453, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Max C Holthausen
- Institut für Anorganisch und Analytische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ulrich Siemeling
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
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132
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Davin L, McLellan R, Kennedy AR, Hevia E. Ligand-induced reactivity of β-diketiminate magnesium complexes for regioselective functionalization of fluoroarenes via C–H or C–F bond activations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:11650-11653. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc07193k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Using β-diketiminate sheltered Mg manifolds with an alkyl or amido ligand enables fine-tuning of their reactivity for chemoselective functionalization of fluoroarenes via either Mg–H exchange or C–F bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Davin
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Ross McLellan
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
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133
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Ojeda-Amador AI, Martínez-Martínez AJ, Robertson GM, Robertson SD, Kennedy AR, O'Hara CT. Exploring the solid state and solution structural chemistry of the utility amide potassium hexamethyldisilazide (KHMDS). Dalton Trans 2017; 46:6392-6403. [PMID: 28466908 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01118k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The coordination chemistry of the important potassium amide KHMDS has been explored both in the solid state and in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I. Ojeda-Amador
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | | | - Gemma M. Robertson
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Stuart D. Robertson
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Charles T. O'Hara
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
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134
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Pagès G, Gilard V, Martino R, Malet-Martino M. Pulsed-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance measurements (PFG NMR) for diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) mapping. Analyst 2017; 142:3771-3796. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an01031a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The advent of Diffusion Ordered SpectroscopY (DOSY) NMR has enabled diffusion coefficients to be routinely measured and used to characterize chemical systems in solution. Indeed, DOSY NMR allows the separation of the chemical entities present in multicomponent systems and provides information on their intermolecular interactions as well as on their size and shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Pagès
- INRA
- AgroResonance – UR370 Qualité des Produits Animaux
- Saint Genès Champanelle
- France
| | - V. Gilard
- Groupe de RMN Biomédicale
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physicochimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique
- UMR CNRS 5068
- Université de Toulouse
- 31062 Toulouse cedex 9
| | - R. Martino
- Groupe de RMN Biomédicale
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physicochimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique
- UMR CNRS 5068
- Université de Toulouse
- 31062 Toulouse cedex 9
| | - M. Malet-Martino
- Groupe de RMN Biomédicale
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physicochimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique
- UMR CNRS 5068
- Université de Toulouse
- 31062 Toulouse cedex 9
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135
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Tomaschautzky J, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mix A, Mitzel NW. Tridentate Lewis-acids based on triphenylsilane. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:1645-1659. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04293g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Triphenylsilanes are versatile propeller-shaped building blocks and have been used for the syntheses of several novel poly-Lewis-acids. The first solid-state structure of a bisma-silatriptycene as well as investigations in host–guest chemistry of a triple alane with a threefold amine are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janek Tomaschautzky
- Inorganic and Structural Chemistry
- Centre for Molecular Materials CM2
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
- 33615 Bielefeld
| | - Beate Neumann
- Inorganic and Structural Chemistry
- Centre for Molecular Materials CM2
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
- 33615 Bielefeld
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Inorganic and Structural Chemistry
- Centre for Molecular Materials CM2
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
- 33615 Bielefeld
| | - Andreas Mix
- Inorganic and Structural Chemistry
- Centre for Molecular Materials CM2
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
- 33615 Bielefeld
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Inorganic and Structural Chemistry
- Centre for Molecular Materials CM2
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
- 33615 Bielefeld
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136
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Pires RF, Moro A, Lourenço A, Lima JC, Casimiro T, Bonifácio VDB. Molecular Weight Determination by Luminescent Chemo-enzymatics. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita F. Pires
- CQFM and IN; Instituto Superior Técnico; Av. Rovisco Pais, 1 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Artur Moro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE; Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade NOVA de Lisboa; Campus de Caparica 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Anita Lourenço
- LAQV-REQUIMTE; Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade NOVA de Lisboa; Campus de Caparica 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
- Chemical Engineering Department; University of Coimbra; Rua Sílvio Lima 3030-790 Coimbra Portugal
- Aqua+Tech Specialities SA; 1237 Avully Geneva Switzerland
| | - João C. Lima
- LAQV-REQUIMTE; Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade NOVA de Lisboa; Campus de Caparica 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Teresa Casimiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE; Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade NOVA de Lisboa; Campus de Caparica 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Vasco D. B. Bonifácio
- CQFM and IN; Instituto Superior Técnico; Av. Rovisco Pais, 1 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
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137
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McLellan R, Kennedy AR, Orr SA, Robertson SD, Mulvey RE. Lithium Dihydropyridine Dehydrogenation Catalysis: A Group 1 Approach to the Cyclization of Diamine Boranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross McLellan
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Samantha A. Orr
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Stuart D. Robertson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow G1 1XL UK
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138
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McLellan R, Kennedy AR, Orr SA, Robertson SD, Mulvey RE. Lithium Dihydropyridine Dehydrogenation Catalysis: A Group 1 Approach to the Cyclization of Diamine Boranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:1036-1041. [PMID: 28000994 PMCID: PMC5396369 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In reactions restricted previously to a ruthenium catalyst, a 1‐lithium‐2‐alkyl‐1,2‐dihydropyridine complex is shown to be a competitive alternative dehydrogenation catalyst for the transformation of diamine boranes into cyclic 1,3,2‐diazaborolidines, which can in turn be smoothly arylated in good yields. This study established the conditions and solvent dependence of the catalysis through NMR monitoring, with mechanistic insight provided by NMR (including DOSY) experiments and X‐ray crystallographic studies of several model lithio intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross McLellan
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Samantha A Orr
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Stuart D Robertson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Robert E Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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139
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Guang J, Liu Q, Hopson R, Kagan G, Li W, Monroe TB, Williard PG. Conformational Polymorphism of Lithium Pinacolone Enolate. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:15177-15188. [PMID: 27762552 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b08177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A metastable, polymorphic hexameric crystal structure of lithium pinacolone enolate (LiOPin) is reported along with three preparation methods. NMR-based structural characterization implies that the lithium pinacolate hexamer deaggregates to a tetramer in toluene but retains mainly the hexameric structure in nonaromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as cyclohexane. Moreover, the presence of a small amount of lithium aldolate (LiOA) dramatically influences the aggregation state of LiOPin by forming a mixed aggregate with a 3:1 ratio (LiOPin3·LiOA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Guang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Qiyong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Russell Hopson
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Gerald Kagan
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Weibin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Thomas B Monroe
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Paul G Williard
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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140
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De Tullio M, Hernán-Gómez A, Livingstone Z, Clegg W, Kennedy AR, Harrington RW, Antiñolo A, Martínez A, Carrillo-Hermosilla F, Hevia E. Structural and Mechanistic Insights into s-Block Bimetallic Catalysis: Sodium Magnesiate-Catalyzed Guanylation of Amines. Chemistry 2016; 22:17646-17656. [PMID: 27786387 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To advance the catalytic applications of s-block mixed-metal complexes, sodium magnesiate [NaMg(CH2 SiMe3 )3 ] (1) is reported as an efficient precatalyst for the guanylation of a variety of anilines and secondary amines with carbodiimides. First examples of hydrophosphination of carbodiimides by using a Mg catalyst are also described. The catalytic ability of the mixed-metal system is much greater than that of its homometallic components [NaCH2 SiMe3 ] and [Mg(CH2 SiMe3 )2 ]. Stoichiometric studies suggest that magnesiate amido and guanidinate complexes are intermediates in these catalytic routes. Reactivity and kinetic studies imply that these guanylation reactions occur via (tris)amide intermediates that react with carbodiiimides in insertion steps. The rate law for the guanylation of N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide with 4-tert-butylaniline catalyzed by 1 is first order with respect to [amine], [carbodiimide], and [catalyst], and the reaction shows a large kinetic isotopic effect, which is consistent with an amine-assisted rate-determining carbodiimide insertion transition state. Studies to assess the effect of sodium in these transformations denote a secondary role with little involvement in the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco De Tullio
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Alberto Hernán-Gómez
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Zoe Livingstone
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - William Clegg
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Ross W Harrington
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Antonio Antiñolo
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Campus Universitario, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Campus Universitario, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Fernando Carrillo-Hermosilla
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Campus Universitario, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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141
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Fuentes MÁ, Zabala A, Kennedy AR, Mulvey RE. Structural Diversity in Alkali Metal and Alkali Metal Magnesiate Chemistry of the Bulky 2,6-Diisopropyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)anilino Ligand. Chemistry 2016; 22:14968-14978. [PMID: 27573676 PMCID: PMC5096043 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Bulky amido ligands are precious in s-block chemistry, since they can implant complementary strong basic and weak nucleophilic properties within compounds. Recent work has shown the pivotal importance of the base structure with enhancement of basicity and extraordinary regioselectivities possible for cyclic alkali metal magnesiates containing mixed n-butyl/amido ligand sets. This work advances alkali metal and alkali metal magnesiate chemistry of the bulky arylsilyl amido ligand [N(SiMe3 )(Dipp)]- (Dipp=2,6-iPr2 -C6 H3 ). Infinite chain structures of the parent sodium and potassium amides are disclosed, adding to the few known crystallographically characterised unsolvated s-block metal amides. Solvation by N,N,N',N'',N''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) or N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) gives molecular variants of the lithium and sodium amides; whereas for potassium, PMDETA gives a molecular structure, TMEDA affords a novel, hemi-solvated infinite chain. Crystal structures of the first magnesiate examples of this amide in [MMg{N(SiMe3 )(Dipp)}2 (μ-nBu)]∞ (M=Na or K) are also revealed, though these breakdown to their homometallic components in donor solvents as revealed through NMR and DOSY studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ángeles Fuentes
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Andoni Zabala
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Robert E Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
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142
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Neufeld R, Michel R, Herbst-Irmer R, Schöne R, Stalke D. Introducing a Hydrogen-Bond Donor into a Weakly Nucleophilic Brønsted Base: Alkali Metal Hexamethyldisilazides (MHMDS, M=Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs) with Ammonia. Chemistry 2016; 22:12340-6. [PMID: 27457218 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Alkali metal 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazide (MHMDSs) are one of the most utilised weakly nucleophilic Brønsted bases in synthetic chemistry and especially in natural product synthesis. Like lithium organics, they aggregate depending on the employed donor solvents. Thus, they show different reactivity and selectivity as a function of their aggregation and solvation state. To date, monomeric LiHMDS with monodentate donor bases was only characterised in solution. Since the first preparation of LiHMDS in 1959 by Wannagat and Niederprüm, all efforts to crystallise monomeric LiHMDS in the absence of chelating ligands failed. Herein, we present ammonia adducts of LiHMDS, NaHMDS, KHMDS, RbHMDS and CsHMDS with unprecedented aggregation motifs: 1) The hitherto missing monomeric key compound in the LiHMDS aggregation architectures. Monomeric crystal structures of trisolvated LiHMDS (1) and NaHMDS (2), showing unique intermolecular hydrogen bonds, 2) the unprecedented tetrasolvated KHMDS (3) and RbHMDS (4) dimers and 3) the disolvated CsHMDS (5) dimer with very close intermolecular Si-CH3 ⋅⋅⋅Cs s-block "agostic" interactions have been prepared and characterised by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Neufeld
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Reent Michel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Schöne
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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143
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Neufeld R, Stalke D. Solution Structure of Turbo-Hauser Base TMPMgCl⋅LiCl in [D8]THF. Chemistry 2016; 22:12624-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Neufeld
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Georg-August-Universität; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Georg-August-Universität; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
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144
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Ojeda-Amador AI, Martínez-Martínez AJ, Kennedy AR, O’Hara CT. Structural Studies of Cesium, Lithium/Cesium, and Sodium/Cesium Bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (HMDS) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:5719-28. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana I. Ojeda-Amador
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Charles T. O’Hara
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
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145
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Schnegelsberg C, Bachmann S, Kolter M, Auth T, John M, Stalke D, Koszinowski K. Association and Dissociation of Grignard Reagents RMgCl and Their Turbo Variant RMgCl⋅LiCl. Chemistry 2016; 22:7752-62. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schnegelsberg
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Sebastian Bachmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Marlene Kolter
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Thomas Auth
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Michael John
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
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146
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Bachmann S, Neufeld R, Dzemski M, Stalke D. New External Calibration Curves (ECCs) for the Estimation of Molecular Weights in Various Common NMR Solvents. Chemistry 2016; 22:8462-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bachmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Georg-August-Universität; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Roman Neufeld
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Georg-August-Universität; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Martin Dzemski
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Georg-August-Universität; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Georg-August-Universität; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
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147
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Neufeld R, Teuteberg TL, Herbst-Irmer R, Mata RA, Stalke D. Solution Structures of Hauser Base iPr2NMgCl and Turbo-Hauser Base iPr2NMgCl·LiCl in THF and the Influence of LiCl on the Schlenk-Equilibrium. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4796-806. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Neufeld
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten L. Teuteberg
- Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ricardo A. Mata
- Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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148
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Visscher A, Bachmann S, Schnegelsberg C, Teuteberg T, Mata RA, Stalke D. Highly selective and sensitive fluorescence detection of Zn(2+) and Cd(2+) ions by using an acridine sensor. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:5689-99. [PMID: 26928871 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00557h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence spectroscopy investigations of the new acridine derivative bis(N,N-dimethylaminemethylene)acridine (3) show remarkable selectivity and sensitivity towards Zn(2+) and Cd(2+) ions in methanol and for the latter even in water. Through the chelation of the metal ions the present PET effect is quenched, significantly enhancing the emission intensity of the fluorophore. In solution, the bonding situation is studied by fluorescence and NMR spectroscopy, as well as ESI-TOF mass-spectrometry measurements. The solid state environment is investigated by X-ray diffraction and computational calculations. Here, we can show the complexation of the zinc and cadmium ions by the methylene bridged amine receptors as well as by the nitrogen atom of the acridine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Visscher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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149
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Deliomeroglu MK, Lynch VM, Sessler JL. Non-cyclic formylated dipyrromethanes as phosphate anion receptors. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3843-3850. [PMID: 30155027 PMCID: PMC6013804 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00015k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrakis- and hexakis(1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde) anion receptors are described that undergo conformational reorganization in order to accommodate the dihydrogenphosphate and pyrophosphate anions.
New tetrakis- and hexakis(1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde) anion receptors are described. The anion binding properties of these receptors were studied in organic media and in the solid state. The receptors displayed good affinity for the dihydrogenphosphate and pyrophosphate anions (as the tetrabutylammonium salts) in chloroform even in the presence of a polar protic solvent, methanol. Solution phase spectroscopic analyses proved consistent with the binding mode seen in single crystal structural studies of the dihydrogenphosphate and pyrophosphate complexes and provided support for the contention that these receptors undergo conformational reorganization in order to accommodate the bound oxoanions both in chloroform solution and in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat K Deliomeroglu
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , USA .
| | - Vincent M Lynch
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , USA .
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , USA .
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150
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Ruiz-Muelle AB, Oña-Burgos P, Ortuño MA, Oltra JE, Rodríguez-García I, Fernández I. Unprecedented Spectroscopic and Computational Evidence for Allenyl and Propargyl Titanocene(IV) Complexes: Electrophilic Quenching of Their Metallotropic Equilibrium. Chemistry 2016; 22:2427-39. [PMID: 26786999 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and structural characterization of allenyl titanocene(IV) [TiClCp2 (CH=C=CH2 )] 3 and propargyl titanocene(IV) [TiClCp2 (CH2 -C≡C-(CH2 )4 CH3 )] 9 have been described for the first time. Advanced NMR methods including diffusion NMR methods (diffusion pulsed field gradient stimulated spin echo (PFG-STE) and DOSY) have been applied and established that these organometallics are monomers in THF solution with hydrodynamic radii (from the Stokes-Einstein equation) of 3.5 and 4.1 Å for 3 and 9, respectively. Full (1) H, (13) C, Δ(1) H, and Δ(13) C NMR data are given, and through the analysis of the Ramsey equation, the first electronic insights into these derivatives are provided. In solution, they are involved in their respective metallotropic allenyl-propargyl equilibria that, after quenching experiments with aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, ketones, and protonating agents, always give the propargyl products P (when carbonyls are employed), or allenyl products A (when a proton source is added) as the major isomers. In all the cases assayed, the ratio of products suggests that the metallotropic equilibrium should be faster than the reactions of 3 and 9 with electrophiles. Indeed, DFT calculations predict lower Gibbs energy barriers for the metallotropic equilibrium, thus confirming dynamic kinetic resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Ruiz-Muelle
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, ceiA3, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, Almería, 04120, Spain
| | - Pascual Oña-Burgos
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, ceiA3, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, Almería, 04120, Spain
| | - Manuel A Ortuño
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici C.n, Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain.,Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455-0431, USA
| | - J Enrique Oltra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Ignacio Rodríguez-García
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, ceiA3, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, Almería, 04120, Spain
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, ceiA3, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, Almería, 04120, Spain. .,BITAL, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, Almería, Spain.
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