101
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Dolna M, Nowacki M, Danylyuk O, Brotons-Rufes A, Poater A, Michalak M. NHC-BIAN-Cu(I)-Catalyzed Friedländer-Type Annulation of 2-Amino-3-(per)fluoroacetylpyridines with Alkynes on Water. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6115-6136. [PMID: 35394784 PMCID: PMC9087358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
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The direct catalytic
alkynylation/dehydrative cyclization of 2-amino-3-trifluoroacetyl-pyridines
on water was developed for the efficient synthesis of a broad range
of fluorinated 1,8-naphthyridines from terminal alkynes. A novel N-heterocyclic
carbene (NHC) ligand system that combines a π-extended acenaphthylene
backbone with sterically bulky pentiptycene pendant groups was successfully
utilized in a copper- or silver-mediated cyclization. Computational
analysis of the reaction pathway supports our explanation of the different
experimental conversions and yields for the set of copper and silver
catalysts. The impact of steric hindrance at the metal center and
the flexibility of substituents on the imidazole ring of the NHC on
catalytic performance are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Dolna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Nowacki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Oksana Danylyuk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Brotons-Rufes
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ M. Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ M. Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Michał Michalak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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102
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Coppola GA, Pillitteri S, Van der Eycken EV, You SL, Sharma UK. Multicomponent reactions and photo/electrochemistry join forces: atom economy meets energy efficiency. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2313-2382. [PMID: 35244107 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00510c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light photoredox catalysis has been regarded as an extremely powerful tool in organic chemistry, bringing the spotlight back to radical processes. The versatility of photocatalyzed reactions has already been demonstrated to be effective in providing alternative routes for cross-coupling as well as multicomponent reactions. The photocatalyst allows the generation of high-energy intermediates through light irradiation rather than using highly reactive reagents or harsh reaction conditions. In a similar vein, organic electrochemistry has experienced a fruitful renaissance as a tool for generating reactive intermediates without the need for any catalyst. Such milder approaches pose the basis toward higher selectivity and broader applicability. In photocatalyzed and electrochemical multicomponent reactions, the generation of the radical species acts as a starter of the cascade of events. This allows for diverse reactivity and the use of reagents is usually not covered by classical methods. Owing to the availability of cheaper and more standardized photo- and electrochemical reactors, as well as easily scalable flow-setups, it is not surprising that these two fields have become areas of increased research interest. Keeping these in view, this review is aimed at providing an overview of the synthetic approaches in the design of MCRs involving photoredox catalysis and/or electrochemical activation as a crucial step with particular focus on the choice of the difunctionalized reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo A Coppola
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Serena Pillitteri
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Erik V Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium. .,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Upendra K Sharma
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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103
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Kaitoh K, Yamanishi Y. Scaffold-Retained Structure Generator to Exhaustively Create Molecules in an Arbitrary Chemical Space. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:2212-2225. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Kaitoh
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamanishi
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
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104
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Johnson J, Ellis MJ, Piquette ZA, MacNair C, Carfrae L, Bhando T, Ritchie NE, Saliba P, Brown ED, Magolan J. Antibacterial Activity of Metergoline Analogues: Revisiting the Ergot Alkaloid Scaffold for Antibiotic Discovery. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:284-291. [PMID: 35178184 PMCID: PMC8842143 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metergoline is a semisynthetic ergot alkaloid identified recently as an inhibitor of the Gram-negative intracellular pathogen Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Tm). With the previously unknown antibacterial activity of metergoline, we explored structure-activity relationships (SARs) with a series of carbamate, urea, sulfonamide, amine, and amide analogues. Cinnamide and arylacrylamide derivatives show improved potency relative to metergoline against Gram-positive bacteria, and pyridine derivative 38 is also effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a murine skin infection model. Arylacrylamide analogues of metergoline show modest activity against wild-type (WT) Gram-negative bacteria but are more active against strains of efflux-deficient S. Tm and hyperpermeable Escherichia coli. The potencies against WT strains of E. coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Burkholderia cenocepacia are also improved considerably (up to >128-fold) with the outer-membrane permeabilizer SPR741, suggesting that the ergot scaffold represents a new lead for the development of new antibiotics.
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105
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Lasányi D, Máth D, Tolnai GL. Synthesis and Use of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylaldehyde Building Blocks. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2393-2401. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Lasányi
- Institute of Chemistry, Eotvos Lorand University, Pazmany P. stny. 1/a, Budapest H1117, Hungary
| | - Dániel Máth
- Institute of Chemistry, Eotvos Lorand University, Pazmany P. stny. 1/a, Budapest H1117, Hungary
| | - Gergely L. Tolnai
- Institute of Chemistry, Eotvos Lorand University, Pazmany P. stny. 1/a, Budapest H1117, Hungary
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106
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Palchykov V, Manko N, Finiuk N, Stoika R, Obushak M, Pokhodylo N. Antimicrobial action of arylsulfonamides bearing (aza)norbornane and related motifs: evaluation of new promising anti-MRSA agents. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02827-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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107
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da Silveira NJF, de Azevedo WF, Guedes RC, Santos LM, Marcelino RC, da Silva Antunes P, Elias TC. Bioinformatics Approach on Bioisosterism Softwares to be Used in Drug
Discovery and Development. Curr Bioinform 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1574893616666210525150747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
In the rational drug development field, bioisosterism is a tool that improves
lead compounds' performance, referring to molecular fragment substitution that has similar
physical-chemical properties. Thus, it is possible to modulate drug properties such as absorption,
toxicity, and half-life increase. This modulation is of pivotal importance in the discovery, development,
identification, and interpretation of the mode of action of biologically active compounds.
Objective:
Our purpose here is to review the development and application of bioisosterism in drug
discovery. In this study history, applications, and use of bioisosteric molecules to create new drugs
with high binding affinity in the protein-ligand complexes are described.
Method:
It is an approach for molecular modification of a prototype based on the replacement of
molecular fragments with similar physicochemical properties, being related to the pharmacokinetic
and pharmacodynamic phase, aiming at the optimization of the molecules.
Results:
Discovery, development, identification, and interpretation of the mode of action of biologically
active compounds are the most important factors for drug design. The strategy adopted for
the improvement of leading compounds is bioisosterism.
Conclusion:
Bioisosterism methodology is a great advance for obtaining new analogs to existing
drugs, enabling the development of new drugs with reduced toxicity, in a comparative analysis with
existing drugs. Bioisosterism has a wide spectrum to assist in several research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson José Freitas da Silveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Computer Simulation, Department of Exact Science, Federal University of
Alfenas/UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Walter Filgueira de Azevedo
- Laboratory of Computational Systems Biology, School of Health and Life Sciences,
Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rita Cardoso Guedes
- The Research Institute for
Medicines (iMed.Ulisboa) and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University
of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Leandro Marcos Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Computer Simulation, Department of Exact Science, Federal University of
Alfenas/UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Cabral Marcelino
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Computer Simulation, Department of Exact Science, Federal University of
Alfenas/UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Patrícia da Silva Antunes
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Computer Simulation, Department of Exact Science, Federal University of
Alfenas/UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Thiago Castilho Elias
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Computer Simulation, Department of Exact Science, Federal University of
Alfenas/UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Brazil
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108
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Yu Z, Shi L. Synthetic routes to bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylamines: booming toolkits for drug design. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00703g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With the flourishing progress of modern medicinal chemistry, the bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylamines (BCPAs) have come to the fore as bioisosteres of arylamine motifs to reduce the growing concern about arylamines’ risks related...
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109
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Slyusarchuk VD, Hawes CS. Fecht's acid revisited: a spirocyclic dicarboxylate for non-aromatic MOFs. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01542g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first of a new class of spiroalkane-derived MOF linkers shows aromaticity is not a prerequisite for ligand design in porous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris S. Hawes
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
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110
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Mousseau JJ, Perry MA, Bundesmann MW, Chinigo GM, Choi C, Gallego G, Hicklin RW, Hoy S, Limburg DC, Sach NW, Zhang Y. Automated Nanomole-Scale Reaction Screening toward Benzoate Bioisosteres: A Photocatalyzed Approach to Highly Elaborated Bicyclo[1.1.1]Pentanes. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James J. Mousseau
- Pfizer Medicine Design, 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Matthew A. Perry
- Pfizer Medicine Design, 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mark W. Bundesmann
- Pfizer Medicine Design, 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gary M. Chinigo
- Pfizer Medicine Design, 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Chulho Choi
- Pfizer Medicine Design, 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gary Gallego
- Pfizer La Jolla Laboratories, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Robert W. Hicklin
- Pfizer Medicine Design, 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Susan Hoy
- Pfizer Medicine Design, 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David C. Limburg
- Pfizer Medicine Design, 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Neal W. Sach
- Pfizer La Jolla Laboratories, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Pfizer Medicine Design, 610 Main St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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111
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Harmata AS, Spiller TE, Sowden MJ, Stephenson CRJ. Photochemical Formal (4 + 2)-Cycloaddition of Imine-Substituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes and Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21223-21228. [PMID: 34902245 PMCID: PMC9241356 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Amines containing bridged bicyclic carbon skeletons are desirable building blocks for medicinal chemistry. Herein, we report the conversion of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentan-1-amines to a wide range of polysubstituted bicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-1-amines through a photochemical, formal (4 + 2)-cycloaddition of an intermediate imine diradical. To our knowledge, this is the first reported method to convert the bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane skeleton to the bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane skeleton. Hydrolysis of the imine products gives complex, sp3-rich primary amine building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Corey R. J. Stephenson
- Corresponding Author Corey R. J. Stephenson – Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 940 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States;
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112
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Homon AA, Hryshchuk OV, Mykhailenko OV, Vashchenko BV, Melnykov KP, Michurin OM, Daniliuc CG, Gerus II, Kovtunenko VO, Kondratov IS, Grygorenko OO. 4‐(Di‐/Trifluoromethyl)‐2‐heterabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes: Advanced Fluorinated Phenyl Isosteres and Proline analogues. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton A. Homon
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net) Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry & Petrochemistry NAS of Ukraine Murmanska Street 1 Kyiv 02660 Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr V. Hryshchuk
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net) Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | - Olha V. Mykhailenko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net) Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | - Bohdan V. Vashchenko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net) Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | - Kostiantyn P. Melnykov
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net) Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | - Oleg M. Michurin
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net) Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstr. 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Igor I. Gerus
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry & Petrochemistry NAS of Ukraine Murmanska Street 1 Kyiv 02660 Ukraine
| | | | - Ivan S. Kondratov
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net) Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry & Petrochemistry NAS of Ukraine Murmanska Street 1 Kyiv 02660 Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O. Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net) Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
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113
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Zabolotna Y, Volochnyuk DM, Ryabukhin SV, Horvath D, Gavrilenko KS, Marcou G, Moroz YS, Oksiuta O, Varnek A. A Close-up Look at the Chemical Space of Commercially Available Building Blocks for Medicinal Chemistry. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 62:2171-2185. [PMID: 34928600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ability to efficiently synthesize desired compounds can be a limiting factor for chemical space exploration in drug discovery. This ability is conditioned not only by the existence of well-studied synthetic protocols but also by the availability of corresponding reagents, so-called building blocks (BBs). In this work, we present a detailed analysis of the chemical space of 400 000 purchasable BBs. The chemical space was defined by corresponding synthons─fragments contributed to the final molecules upon reaction. They allow an analysis of BB physicochemical properties and diversity, unbiased by the leaving and protective groups in actual reagents. The main classes of BBs were analyzed in terms of their availability, rule-of-two-defined quality, and diversity. Available BBs were eventually compared to a reference set of biologically relevant synthons derived from ChEMBL fragmentation, in order to illustrate how well they cover the actual medicinal chemistry needs. This was performed on a newly constructed universal generative topographic map of synthon chemical space that enables visualization of both libraries and analysis of their overlapped and library-specific regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliana Zabolotna
- University of Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Chemoinformatique, 4, rue B. Pascal, Strasbourg 67081, France
| | - Dmitriy M Volochnyuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, Kyiv 02660, Ukraine.,Enamine Ltd., 78 Chervonotkatska str., 02660 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Sergey V Ryabukhin
- The Institute of High Technologies, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, 64 Volodymyrska Street, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine.,Enamine Ltd., 78 Chervonotkatska str., 02660 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Dragos Horvath
- University of Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Chemoinformatique, 4, rue B. Pascal, Strasbourg 67081, France
| | - Konstantin S Gavrilenko
- Research-And-Education ChemBioCenter, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Chervonotkatska str., 61, 03022 Kiev, Ukraine.,Enamine Ltd., 78 Chervonotkatska str., 02660 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Gilles Marcou
- University of Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Chemoinformatique, 4, rue B. Pascal, Strasbourg 67081, France
| | - Yurii S Moroz
- Research-And-Education ChemBioCenter, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Chervonotkatska str., 61, 03022 Kiev, Ukraine.,Chemspace, Chervonotkatska Street 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Oksiuta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, Kyiv 02660, Ukraine.,Chemspace, Chervonotkatska Street 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alexandre Varnek
- University of Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Chemoinformatique, 4, rue B. Pascal, Strasbourg 67081, France.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan
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114
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Dubois MAJ, Croft RA, Ding Y, Choi C, Owen DR, Bull JA, Mousseau JJ. Investigating 3,3-diaryloxetanes as potential bioisosteres through matched molecular pair analysis. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:2045-2052. [PMID: 35024613 PMCID: PMC8672821 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00248a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxetanes have received increasing interest in medicinal chemistry as attractive polar and low molecular weight motifs. The application of oxetanes as replacements for methylene, methyl, gem-dimethyl and carbonyl groups has been demonstrated to often improve chemical properties of target molecules for drug discovery purposes. The investigation of the properties of 3,3-diaryloxetanes, particularly of interest as a benzophenone replacement, remains largely unexplored. With recent synthetic advances in accessing this motif we studied the effects of 3,3-diaryloxetanes on the physicochemical properties of 'drug-like' molecules. Here, we describe our efforts in the design and synthesis of a range of drug-like compounds for matched molecular pair analysis to investigate the viability of the 3,3-diaryloxetane motif as a replacement group in drug discovery. We conclude that the properties of the diaryloxetanes and ketones are similar, and generally superior to related alkyl linkers, and that diaryloxetanes provide a potentially useful new design element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryne A J Dubois
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Rosemary A Croft
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Yujie Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Chulho Choi
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical 445 Eastern Point Rd. Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Dafydd R Owen
- Pfizer Medicine Design 610 Main St Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - James J Mousseau
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical 445 Eastern Point Rd. Groton CT 06340 USA
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115
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Shelp R, Merchant RR, Hughes JME, Walsh PJ. Enantioenriched BCP Benzylamine Synthesis via Metal Hydride Hydrogen Atom Transfer/Sulfinimine Addition to [1.1.1]Propellane. Org Lett 2021; 24:110-114. [PMID: 34908426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The stereoselective synthesis of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) benzylamine derivatives from [1.1.1]propellane and mesityl sulfinimines via metal hydride hydrogen atom transfer (MH HAT) is reported. Medicinally relevant heterocyclic BCP methanamines are prepared with high diastereoselectivity. The strategic impact of the method is demonstrated via the streamlined synthesis of the BCP analogue of a key levocetirizine intermediate. Mechanistic evidence for a competitive H2 evolution pathway and the importance of controlled silane addition during reaction initiation are disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Shelp
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Rohan R Merchant
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jonathan M E Hughes
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Patrick J Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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116
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Chan AY, Perry IB, Bissonnette NB, Buksh BF, Edwards GA, Frye LI, Garry OL, Lavagnino MN, Li BX, Liang Y, Mao E, Millet A, Oakley JV, Reed NL, Sakai HA, Seath CP, MacMillan DWC. Metallaphotoredox: The Merger of Photoredox and Transition Metal Catalysis. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1485-1542. [PMID: 34793128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 146.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The merger of photoredox catalysis with transition metal catalysis, termed metallaphotoredox catalysis, has become a mainstay in synthetic methodology over the past decade. Metallaphotoredox catalysis has combined the unparalleled capacity of transition metal catalysis for bond formation with the broad utility of photoinduced electron- and energy-transfer processes. Photocatalytic substrate activation has allowed the engagement of simple starting materials in metal-mediated bond-forming processes. Moreover, electron or energy transfer directly with key organometallic intermediates has provided novel activation modes entirely complementary to traditional catalytic platforms. This Review details and contextualizes the advancements in molecule construction brought forth by metallaphotocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Y Chan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Ian B Perry
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Noah B Bissonnette
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Benito F Buksh
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Grant A Edwards
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Lucas I Frye
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Olivia L Garry
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Marissa N Lavagnino
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Beryl X Li
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Yufan Liang
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Edna Mao
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Agustin Millet
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - James V Oakley
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nicholas L Reed
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Holt A Sakai
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Ciaran P Seath
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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117
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Grygorenko OO, Volochnyuk DM, Vashchenko BV. Emerging Building Blocks for Medicinal Chemistry: Recent Synthetic Advances. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr O. Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | - Dmitriy M. Volochnyuk
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Murmanska Street 5 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
| | - Bohdan V. Vashchenko
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
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118
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Nugent J, Sterling AJ, Frank N, Mousseau JJ, Anderson EA. Synthesis of α-Quaternary Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes through Synergistic Organophotoredox and Hydrogen Atom Transfer Catalysis. Org Lett 2021; 23:8628-8633. [PMID: 34699248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) are important in drug design as sp3-rich bioisosteres of arenes and tert-butyl groups; however, the preparation of BCPs with adjacent quaternary carbons is barely known. We report a facile synthesis of α-quaternary BCPs using organophotoredox and hydrogen atom transfer catalysis in which α-keto radicals, generated through oxidation of β-ketocarbonyls, undergo efficient addition to [1.1.1]propellane. The BCP products can be transformed into a variety of useful derivatives, including enantioenriched BCPs featuring α-quaternary stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Nugent
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair J Sterling
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Nils Frank
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - James J Mousseau
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Edward A Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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119
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Kotha S, Agrawal A, Ansari S. Synthesis of Angular Triquinane and [4.3.3]Propellane Derivatives via Ring‐Rearrangement Olefin Metathesis. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Arpit Agrawal Saima Ansari Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Powai Mumbai Maharashtra India 400076
| | - Arpit Agrawal
- Arpit Agrawal Saima Ansari Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Powai Mumbai Maharashtra India 400076
| | - Saima Ansari
- Arpit Agrawal Saima Ansari Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Powai Mumbai Maharashtra India 400076
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120
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Ripenko V, Vysochyn D, Klymov I, Zhersh S, Mykhailiuk PK. Large-Scale Synthesis and Modifications of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-dicarboxylic Acid (BCP). J Org Chem 2021; 86:14061-14068. [PMID: 34166594 PMCID: PMC8524415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
![]()
In flow photochemical addition of propellane to
diacetyl allowed construction of the bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) core
in a 1 kg scale within 1 day. Haloform reaction of the formed diketone
in batch afforded bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid in a
multigram amount. Representative gram scale transformations of the
diacid were also performed to obtain various BCP-containing building
blocks—alcohols, acids, amines, trifluoroborates, amino acids, etc.—for medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl Ripenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Ivan Klymov
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Serhii Zhersh
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
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121
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Subbaiah MAM, Meanwell NA. Bioisosteres of the Phenyl Ring: Recent Strategic Applications in Lead Optimization and Drug Design. J Med Chem 2021; 64:14046-14128. [PMID: 34591488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The benzene moiety is the most prevalent ring system in marketed drugs, underscoring its historic popularity in drug design either as a pharmacophore or as a scaffold that projects pharmacophoric elements. However, introspective analyses of medicinal chemistry practices at the beginning of the 21st century highlighted the indiscriminate deployment of phenyl rings as an important contributor to the poor physicochemical properties of advanced molecules, which limited their prospects of being developed into effective drugs. This Perspective deliberates on the design and applications of bioisosteric replacements for a phenyl ring that have provided practical solutions to a range of developability problems frequently encountered in lead optimization campaigns. While the effect of phenyl ring replacements on compound properties is contextual in nature, bioisosteric substitution can lead to enhanced potency, solubility, and metabolic stability while reducing lipophilicity, plasma protein binding, phospholipidosis potential, and inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes and the hERG channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugaiah A M Subbaiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Centre, Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560099, India
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Department of Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
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122
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Yang Y, Tsien J, Hughes JME, Peters BK, Merchant RR, Qin T. An intramolecular coupling approach to alkyl bioisosteres for the synthesis of multisubstituted bicycloalkyl boronates. Nat Chem 2021; 13:950-955. [PMID: 34584254 PMCID: PMC8739920 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00786-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bicyclic hydrocarbons, and bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) in particular, are playing an emerging role as saturated bioisosteres in pharmaceutical, agrochemical and materials chemistry. Taking advantage of strain-release strategies, prior synthetic studies have featured the synthesis of bridgehead-substituted (C1, C3) BCPs from [1.1.1]propellane. Here, we describe an approach to access multisubstituted BCPs via intramolecular cyclization. In addition to C1,C3-disubstituted BCPs, this method also enables the construction of underexplored multisubstituted (C1, C2 and C3) BCPs from readily accessible cyclobutanones. The broad generality of this method has also been examined through the synthesis of a variety of other caged bicyclic molecules, ranging from [2.1.1] to [3.2.1] scaffolds. The modularity afforded by the pendant bridgehead boron pinacol esters generated during the cyclization reaction has been demonstrated through several downstream functionalizations, highlighting the ability of this approach to enable the programmed and divergent synthesis of multisubstituted bicyclic hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas, 75390, United States
| | - Jet Tsien
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas, 75390, United States
| | - Jonathan M. E. Hughes
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Byron K. Peters
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Rohan R. Merchant
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Tian Qin
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas, 75390, United States.,Correspondence to:
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123
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Brocklehurst CE, Anderson EA. Building bridges. Nat Chem 2021; 13:928-930. [PMID: 34584251 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00784-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cara E Brocklehurst
- Global Discovery Chemistry Department, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
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124
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Candish L, Collins KD, Cook GC, Douglas JJ, Gómez-Suárez A, Jolit A, Keess S. Photocatalysis in the Life Science Industry. Chem Rev 2021; 122:2907-2980. [PMID: 34558888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the pursuit of new pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, chemists in the life science industry require access to mild and robust synthetic methodologies to systematically modify chemical structures, explore novel chemical space, and enable efficient synthesis. In this context, photocatalysis has emerged as a powerful technology for the synthesis of complex and often highly functionalized molecules. This Review aims to summarize the published contributions to the field from the life science industry, including research from industrial-academic partnerships. An overview of the synthetic methodologies developed and strategic applications in chemical synthesis, including peptide functionalization, isotope labeling, and both DNA-encoded and traditional library synthesis, is provided, along with a summary of the state-of-the-art in photoreactor technology and the effective upscaling of photocatalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Candish
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Karl D Collins
- Bayer Foundation, Public Affairs, Science and Sustainability, Bayer AG, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Gemma C Cook
- Discovery High-Throughput Chemistry, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - James J Douglas
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Adrián Gómez-Suárez
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Anais Jolit
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Discovery Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Keess
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Discovery Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
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125
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Fominova K, Diachuk T, Granat D, Savchuk T, Vilchynskyi V, Svitlychnyi O, Meliantsev V, Kovalchuk I, Litskan E, Levterov VV, Badlo VR, Vaskevych RI, Vaskevych AI, Bolbut AV, Semeno VV, Iminov R, Shvydenko K, Kuznetsova AS, Dmytriv YV, Vysochyn D, Ripenko V, Tolmachev AA, Pavlova O, Kuznietsova H, Pishel I, Borysko P, Mykhailiuk PK. Oxa-spirocycles: synthesis, properties and applications. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11294-11305. [PMID: 34667540 PMCID: PMC8447932 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03615g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A general approach to a new generation of spirocyclic molecules – oxa-spirocycles – was developed. The key synthetic step was iodocyclization. More than 150 oxa-spirocyclic compounds were prepared. Incorporation of an oxygen atom into the spirocyclic unit dramatically improved water solubility (by up to 40 times) and lowered lipophilicity. More potent oxa-spirocyclic analogues of antihypertensive drug terazosin were synthesized and studied in vivo. A general practical approach to a new generation of spirocyclic molecules – oxa-spirocycles – is developed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Fominova
- Enamine Ltd Chervonotkatska 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine http://www.enamine.net http://www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | - Taras Diachuk
- Enamine Ltd Chervonotkatska 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine http://www.enamine.net http://www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | - Dmitry Granat
- Enamine Ltd Chervonotkatska 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine http://www.enamine.net http://www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | - Taras Savchuk
- Enamine Ltd Chervonotkatska 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine http://www.enamine.net http://www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | - Vladyslav Vilchynskyi
- Enamine Ltd Chervonotkatska 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine http://www.enamine.net http://www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | - Oleksiy Svitlychnyi
- Enamine Ltd Chervonotkatska 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine http://www.enamine.net http://www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | - Vladyslav Meliantsev
- Enamine Ltd Chervonotkatska 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine http://www.enamine.net http://www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | - Igor Kovalchuk
- Enamine Ltd Chervonotkatska 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine http://www.enamine.net http://www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | - Eduard Litskan
- Enamine Ltd Chervonotkatska 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine http://www.enamine.net http://www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | - Vadym V Levterov
- Enamine Ltd Chervonotkatska 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine http://www.enamine.net http://www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | - Valentyn R Badlo
- Enamine Ltd Chervonotkatska 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine http://www.enamine.net http://www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | - Ruslan I Vaskevych
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Murmanska St. 5 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Alla I Vaskevych
- National Technical University of Ukraine, Igor Sikorsky Kiev Polytechnic Institute Prosp. Peremohy 37 03056 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Andrii V Bolbut
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Murmanska St. 5 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr V Semeno
- Enamine Ltd Chervonotkatska 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine http://www.enamine.net http://www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | - Rustam Iminov
- Enamine Ltd Chervonotkatska 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine http://www.enamine.net http://www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | - Kostiantyn Shvydenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Murmanska St. 5 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
| | | | - Yurii V Dmytriv
- Enamine Ltd Chervonotkatska 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine http://www.enamine.net http://www.mykhailiukchem.org.,National Technical University of Ukraine, Igor Sikorsky Kiev Polytechnic Institute Prosp. Peremohy 37 03056 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Daniil Vysochyn
- Enamine Ltd Chervonotkatska 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine http://www.enamine.net http://www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | - Vasyl Ripenko
- Enamine Ltd Chervonotkatska 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine http://www.enamine.net http://www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | - Andrei A Tolmachev
- Enamine Ltd Chervonotkatska 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine http://www.enamine.net http://www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | | | | | - Iryna Pishel
- Bienta Chervonotkatska 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine http://www.bienta.net
| | - Petro Borysko
- Bienta Chervonotkatska 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine http://www.bienta.net
| | - Pavel K Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd Chervonotkatska 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine http://www.enamine.net http://www.mykhailiukchem.org
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126
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Abstract
A simple electrochemically mediated method for the conversion of alkyl carboxylic acids to their borylated congeners is presented. This protocol features an undivided cell setup with inexpensive carbon-based electrodes and exhibits a broad substrate scope and scalability in both flow and batch reactors. The use of this method in challenging contexts is exemplified with a modular formal synthesis of jawsamycin, a natural product harboring five cyclopropane rings.
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127
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Ma X, Yeung CS. Achieving C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Coupling with BCP-F 2 Building Blocks via Barluenga Coupling: A Comparative Approach. J Org Chem 2021; 86:10672-10698. [PMID: 34314187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report our efforts toward achieving C(sp2)-C(sp3) coupling reactions with 2,2-difluorobicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP-F2) building blocks. By comparing the reactivities of matching pairs of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) and BCP-F2 analogues, we discovered that the Barluenga coupling reaction was the only cross-coupling protocol that translated well between the two structural motifs in contrast to other reported protocols. In this chemistry, a BCP-F2 bearing a tosylhydrazone functional group is cross-coupled with an arylboronic acid. These results further expanded the scope of BCP-F2 building blocks for potential applications in organic chemistry as well as medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshen Ma
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Charles S Yeung
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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128
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Lipp A, Badir SO, Dykstra R, Gutierrez O, Molander GA. Catalyst-Free Decarbonylative Trifluoromethylthiolation Enabled by Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex Photoactivation. Adv Synth Catal 2021; 363:3507-3520. [PMID: 35273472 PMCID: PMC8903066 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
A catalyst- and additive-free decarbonylative trifluoromethylthiolation of aldehyde feedstocks has been developed. This operationally simple, scalable, and open-to-air transformation is driven by the selective photoexcitation of electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes, stemming from the association of 1,4-dihydropyridines (donor) with N-(trifluoromethylthio)phthalimide (acceptor), to trigger intermolecular single-electron transfer events under ambient- and visible light-promoted conditions. Extension to other electron acceptors enables the synthesis of thiocyanates and thioesters, as well as the difunctionalization of [1.1.1] propellane. The mechanistic intricacies of this photochemical paradigm are elucidated through a combination of experimental efforts and high-level quantum mechanical calculations [dispersion-corrected (U)DFT, DLPNO-CCSD(T), and TD-DFT]. This comprehensive study highlights the necessity for EDA complexation for efficient alkyl radical generation. Computation of subsequent ground state pathways reveals that SH2 addition of the alkyl radical to the intermediate radical EDA complex is extremely exergonic and results in a charge transfer event from the dihydropyridine donor to the N-(trifluoromethylthio)phthalimide acceptor of the EDA complex. Experimental and computational results further suggest that product formation also occurs via SH2 reaction of alkyl radicals with 1,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)disulfane, generated in-situ through combination of thiyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lipp
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Shorouk O Badir
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Ryan Dykstra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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129
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Shan J, Ji C. MolOpt: A Web Server for Drug Design using Bioisosteric Transformation. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2021; 16:460-466. [PMID: 31272357 DOI: 10.2174/1573409915666190704093400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioisosteric replacement is widely used in drug design for lead optimization. However, the identification of a suitable bioisosteric group is not an easy task. METHODS In this work, we present MolOpt, a web server for in silico drug design using bioisosteric transformation. Potential bioisosteric transformation rules were derived from data mining, deep generative machine learning and similarity comparison. MolOpt tries to assist the medicinal chemist in his/her search for what to make next. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION By replacing molecular substructures with similar chemical groups, MolOpt automatically generates lists of analogues. MolOpt also evaluates forty important pharmacokinetic and toxic properties for each newly designed molecule. The transformed analogues can be assessed for possible future study. CONCLUSION MolOpt is useful for the identification of suitable lead optimization ideas. The MolOpt Server is freely available for use on the web at http://xundrug.cn/molopt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Shan
- NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Changge Ji
- NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, 200062, China
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130
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Zhao JX, Chang YX, He C, Burke BJ, Collins MR, Del Bel M, Elleraas J, Gallego GM, Montgomery TP, Mousseau JJ, Nair SK, Perry MA, Spangler JE, Vantourout JC, Baran PS. 1,2-Difunctionalized bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes: Long-sought-after mimetics for ortho/ meta-substituted arenes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2108881118. [PMID: 34244445 PMCID: PMC8285974 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108881118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a versatile platform for the synthesis of 1,2-difunctionalized bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes to potentially mimic ortho/meta-substituted arenes is described. The syntheses of useful building blocks bearing alcohol, amine, and carboxylic acid functional handles have been achieved from a simple common intermediate. Several ortho- and meta-substituted benzene analogs, as well as simple molecular matched pairs, have also been prepared using this platform. The results of in-depth ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) investigations of these systems are presented, as well as computational studies which validate the ortho- or meta-character of these bioisosteres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xuan Chang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Chi He
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Benjamin J Burke
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - Michael R Collins
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, San Diego, CA 92121;
| | - Matthew Del Bel
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - Jeff Elleraas
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - Gary M Gallego
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - T Patrick Montgomery
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - James J Mousseau
- Discovery Sciences, Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Groton, CT 06340
| | - Sajiv K Nair
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - Matthew A Perry
- Discovery Sciences, Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Groton, CT 06340
| | - Jillian E Spangler
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, San Diego, CA 92121
| | | | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037;
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131
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Pickford HD, Nugent J, Owen B, Mousseau JJ, Smith RC, Anderson EA. Twofold Radical-Based Synthesis of N, C-Difunctionalized Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9729-9736. [PMID: 34161076 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylamines (BCPAs) are of growing importance to the pharmaceutical industry as sp3-rich bioisosteres of anilines and N-tert-butyl groups. Here we report a facile synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted BCPAs using a twofold radical functionalization strategy. Sulfonamidyl radicals, generated through fragmentation of α-iodoaziridines, undergo initial addition to [1.1.1]propellane to afford iodo-BCPAs; the newly formed C-I bond in these products is then functionalized via a silyl-mediated Giese reaction. This chemistry also translates smoothly to 1,3-disubstituted iodo-BCPs. A wide variety of radical acceptors and iodo-BCPAs are accommodated, providing straightforward access to an array of valuable aniline-like isosteres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena D Pickford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Nugent
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Owen
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - James J Mousseau
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Russell C Smith
- Janssen PRD, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Edward A Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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132
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Wu Z, Xu Y, Zhang H, Wu X, Zhu C. Radical-mediated sulfonyl alkynylation, allylation, and cyanation of propellane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6066-6069. [PMID: 34037006 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02249k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) is widely applied as the bioisostere for aryl, internal alkynes, and tert-butyl groups in medicinal chemistry. We herein disclose an efficient and practical preparation of sulfonyl alkynyl/allyl/cyano-substituted BCP derivatives through a novel radical-mediated difunctionalization of propellane. The radical alkynylation, allylation, and cyanation processes readily proceed under mild photochemical conditions. The synthetic method features broad functional group tolerance, high product diversity, gram-scale preparation, and excellent atom-economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Yaohui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Xinxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China. and Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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133
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Collin DE, Kovacic K, Light ME, Linclau B. Synthesis of Ortho-Functionalized 1,4-Cubanedicarboxylate Derivatives through Photochemical Chlorocarbonylation. Org Lett 2021; 23:5164-5169. [PMID: 34133174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The cubane ring has received intense attention as a 3D benzene isostere and scaffold. Mono- and 1,4-disubstituted cubanes are well-described. Here we report a practical procedure for a direct radical-mediated chlorocarbonylation process initially reported by Bashir-Hashemi, to access a range of 2-substituted 1,4-cubanedicarboxylic ester derivatives. A subsequent regioselective ester hydrolysis to give fully differentiated 1,2,4-trisubstituted cubanes is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego E Collin
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina Kovacic
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Mark E Light
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Linclau
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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134
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Brown MS, Caporello MA, Goetz AE, Johnson AM, Jones KN, Knopf KM, Kulkarni SA, Lee T, Li B, Lu CV, Magano J, Puchlopek-Dermenci ALA, Reyes GP, Ruggeri SG, Wei L, Weisenburger GA, Wisdom RA, Zhang M. Streamlined Synthesis of a Bicyclic Amine Moiety Using an Enzymatic Amidation and Identification of a Novel Solid Form. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria S. Brown
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michaella A. Caporello
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Adam E. Goetz
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Amber M. Johnson
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kris N. Jones
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kevin M. Knopf
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Samir A. Kulkarni
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Taegyo Lee
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Bryan Li
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Cuong V. Lu
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Javier Magano
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Angela L. A. Puchlopek-Dermenci
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Giselle P. Reyes
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sally Gut Ruggeri
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Lulin Wei
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gerald A. Weisenburger
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Richard A. Wisdom
- Euticals GmbH, Industriepark
Höchst, D 569, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mengtan Zhang
- Analytical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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135
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Ratni H, Baumann K, Bellotti P, Cook XA, Green LG, Luebbers T, Reutlinger M, Stepan AF, Vifian W. Phenyl bioisosteres in medicinal chemistry: discovery of novel γ-secretase modulators as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:758-766. [PMID: 34124674 PMCID: PMC8152580 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00043h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenyl rings are one of the most prevalent structural moieties in active pharmaceutical ingredients, even if they often contribute to poor physico-chemical properties. Herein, we propose the use of a bridged piperidine (BP) moiety as a phenyl bioisostere, which could also be seen as a superior phenyl alternative as it led to strongly improved drug like properties, in terms of solubility and lipophilicity. Additionally, this BP moiety compares favorably to the recently reported saturated phenyl bioisosteres. We applied this concept to our γ-secretase modulator (GSM) project for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease delivering clinical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ratni
- pRED, Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Grenzacherstrasse 124 4070 Basel Switzerland (+41) 61 688 2748
| | - K Baumann
- pRED, Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Grenzacherstrasse 124 4070 Basel Switzerland (+41) 61 688 2748
| | - P Bellotti
- pRED, Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Grenzacherstrasse 124 4070 Basel Switzerland (+41) 61 688 2748
| | - X A Cook
- pRED, Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Grenzacherstrasse 124 4070 Basel Switzerland (+41) 61 688 2748
| | - L G Green
- pRED, Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Grenzacherstrasse 124 4070 Basel Switzerland (+41) 61 688 2748
| | - T Luebbers
- pRED, Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Grenzacherstrasse 124 4070 Basel Switzerland (+41) 61 688 2748
| | - M Reutlinger
- pRED, Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Grenzacherstrasse 124 4070 Basel Switzerland (+41) 61 688 2748
| | - A F Stepan
- pRED, Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Grenzacherstrasse 124 4070 Basel Switzerland (+41) 61 688 2748
| | - W Vifian
- pRED, Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Grenzacherstrasse 124 4070 Basel Switzerland (+41) 61 688 2748
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136
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Bauer MR, Di Fruscia P, Lucas SCC, Michaelides IN, Nelson JE, Storer RI, Whitehurst BC. Put a ring on it: application of small aliphatic rings in medicinal chemistry. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:448-471. [PMID: 33937776 PMCID: PMC8083977 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00370k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aliphatic three- and four-membered rings including cyclopropanes, cyclobutanes, oxetanes, azetidines and bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes have been increasingly exploited in medicinal chemistry for their beneficial physicochemical properties and applications as functional group bioisosteres. This review provides a historical perspective and comparative up to date overview of commonly applied small rings, exemplifying key principles with recent literature examples. In addition to describing the merits and advantages of each ring system, potential hazards and liabilities are also illustrated and explained, including any significant chemical or metabolic stability and toxicity risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias R Bauer
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Cambridge UK
| | - Paolo Di Fruscia
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Cambridge UK
| | - Simon C C Lucas
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Cambridge UK
| | | | - Jennifer E Nelson
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Cambridge UK
| | - R Ian Storer
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Cambridge UK
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137
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Abe T, Hirao S. Rapid access to indole-fused bicyclo[2.2.2]octanones by merging the umpolung strategy and molecular iodine as a green catalyst. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 18:4193-4197. [PMID: 32458925 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01038c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One-pot synthesis of indole-fused bicyclo[2.2.2]octanones from DiMeOIN and 2-cyclohexen-1-one is accomplished under an iodine catalyst. The simple and metal-free conditions provide a practical tool to construct Csp3-rich complex molecules via coupling cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Abe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-tobetsu, Hokkaido 0610293, Japan.
| | - Seiya Hirao
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-tobetsu, Hokkaido 0610293, Japan.
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138
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Shelp RA, Ciro A, Pu Y, Merchant RR, Hughes JME, Walsh PJ. Strain-release 2-azaallyl anion addition/borylation of [1.1.1]propellane: synthesis and functionalization of benzylamine bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl boronates. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7066-7072. [PMID: 34123334 PMCID: PMC8153217 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01349a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a 3-component reaction between N-benzyl ketimines, [1.1.1]propellane, and pinacol boronates to generate benzylamine bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) pinacol boronates. These structures are analogous to highly sought diarylmethanamine cores, which are common motifs in bioactive molecules. We demonstrate the versatility of the boronate ester handle via downstream functionalization through a variety of reactions, including a challenging Pd-catalyzed (hetero)arylation that exhibits a broad substrate scope. Together, these methods enable the synthesis of high-value BCP benzylamines which are inaccessible by existing methods. Furthermore, we demonstrate the successful application of these newly developed (hetero)arylation conditions to a variety of challenging tertiary pinacol boronates, including nitrogen-containing heterocycles, 1,1-disubstituted cyclopropanes, and other BCP cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell A Shelp
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Anthony Ciro
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Youge Pu
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Rohan R Merchant
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. South San Francisco California 94080 USA
| | - Jonathan M E Hughes
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway New Jersey 07065 USA
| | - Patrick J Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA USA
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139
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Alnajjar R, Mohamed N, Kawafi N. Bicyclo[1.1.1]Pentane as Phenyl Substituent in Atorvastatin Drug to improve Physicochemical Properties: Drug-likeness, DFT, Pharmacokinetics, Docking, and Molecular Dynamic Simulation. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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140
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Ma J, Chen S, Bellotti P, Guo R, Schäfer F, Heusler A, Zhang X, Daniliuc C, Brown MK, Houk KN, Glorius F. Photochemical intermolecular dearomative cycloaddition of bicyclic azaarenes with alkenes. Science 2021; 371:1338-1345. [PMID: 33766881 PMCID: PMC7610643 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg0720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dearomative cycloaddition reactions represent an ideal means of converting flat arenes into three-dimensional architectures of increasing interest in medicinal chemistry. Quinolines, isoquinolines, and quinazolines, despite containing latent diene and alkene subunits, are scarcely applied in cycloaddition reactions because of the inherent low reactivity of aromatic systems and selectivity challenges. Here, we disclose an energy transfer-mediated, highly regio- and diastereoselective intermolecular [4 + 2] dearomative cycloaddition reaction of these bicyclic azaarenes with a plethora of electronically diverse alkenes. This approach bypasses the general reactivity and selectivity issues, thereby providing various bridged polycycles that previously have been inaccessible or required elaborate synthetic efforts. Computational studies with density functional theory elucidate the mechanism and origins of the observed regio- and diastereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Ma
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Renyu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Felix Schäfer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Arne Heusler
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M Kevin Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Kendall N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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141
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Donnelly K, Baumann M. A continuous flow synthesis of [1.1.1]propellane and bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2871-2874. [PMID: 33616143 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc08124h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A continuous flow process to generate [1.1.1]propellane on demand is presented rendering solutions of [1.1.1]propellane that can directly be derivatised into various bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) species. This was realised in throughputs up to 8.5 mmol h-1 providing an attractive and straightforward access to gram quantities of selected BCP building blocks. Lastly, a continuous photochemical transformation of [1.1.1]propellane into valuable BCPs bearing mixed ester/acyl chloride moieties was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian Donnelly
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South, Belfield, D04 N2E2, Ireland.
| | - Marcus Baumann
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South, Belfield, D04 N2E2, Ireland.
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142
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Wong MLJ, Sterling AJ, Mousseau JJ, Duarte F, Anderson EA. Direct catalytic asymmetric synthesis of α-chiral bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1644. [PMID: 33712595 PMCID: PMC7955048 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21936-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) are important motifs in contemporary drug design as linear spacer units that improve pharmacokinetic profiles. The synthesis of BCPs featuring adjacent stereocenters is highly challenging, but desirable due to the fundamental importance of 3D chemical space in medicinal chemistry. Current methods to access these high-value chiral molecules typically involve transformations of pre-formed BCPs, and can display limitations in substrate scope. Here we describe an approach to synthesize α-chiral BCPs involving the direct, asymmetric addition of simple aldehydes to [1.1.1]propellane, the predominant BCP precursor. This is achieved by combining a photocatalyst and an organocatalyst to generate a chiral α-iminyl radical cation intermediate, which installs a stereocenter simultaneously with ring-opening of [1.1.1]propellane. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions, displays broad scope, and provides an array of α-chiral BCPs in high yield and enantioselectivity. We also present a theoretical model for stereoinduction in this mode of photoredox organocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie L J Wong
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | - James J Mousseau
- Pfizer Medicine Design, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Edward A Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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143
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Shin S, Lee S, Choi W, Kim N, Hong S. Visible‐Light‐Induced 1,3‐Aminopyridylation of [1.1.1]Propellane with
N
‐Aminopyridinium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Shin
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Seojin Lee
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjun Choi
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Namhoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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144
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Shin S, Lee S, Choi W, Kim N, Hong S. Visible-Light-Induced 1,3-Aminopyridylation of [1.1.1]Propellane with N-Aminopyridinium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7873-7879. [PMID: 33403785 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Through the formation of an electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex, strain-release aminopyridylation of [1.1.1]propellane with N-aminopyridinium salts as bifunctional reagents enabled the direct installation of amino and pyridyl groups onto bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) frameworks in the absence of an external photocatalyst. The robustness of this method to synthesize 1,3-aminopyridylated BCPs under mild and metal-free conditions is highlighted by the late-stage modification of structurally complex biorelevant molecules. Moreover, the strategy was extended to P-centered and CF3 radicals for the unprecedented incorporation of such functional groups with pyridine across the BCP core in a three-component coupling. This practical method lays the foundation for the straightforward construction of new valuable C4-pyridine-functionalized BCP chemical entities, thus significantly expanding the range of accessibility of BCP-type bioisosteres for applications in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seojin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjun Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Namhoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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145
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Grover N, Flanagan KJ, Trujillo C, Kingsbury CJ, Senge MO. An Insight into Non-Covalent Interactions on the Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane Scaffold. European J Org Chem 2021; 2021:1113-1122. [PMID: 33776556 PMCID: PMC7986844 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) is studied extensively as a bioisosteric component of drugs. Not found in nature, this molecular unit approximates the distance of a para-disubstituted benzene which is replaced in medicines as a method of improving treatments. Predicting interactions of these drugs with specific active sites requires knowledge of the non-covalent interactions engaged by this subunit. Structure determinations and computational analysis (Hirshfeld analysis, 2D fingerprint plots, DFT) of seven BCP derivatives chosen to probe specific and directional interactions. X-ray analysis revealed the presence of various non-covalent interactions including I ⋅⋅⋅ I, I ⋅⋅⋅ N, N-H ⋅⋅⋅ O, C-H ⋅⋅⋅ O, and H-C ⋅⋅⋅ H-C contacts. The preference of halogen bonding (I ⋅⋅⋅ I or I ⋅⋅⋅ N) in BCP 1-4 strictly depends upon the electronic nature and angle between bridgehead substituents. The transannular distance in co-crystals 2 and 4 was longer as compared to monomers 1 and 3. Stronger N-H ⋅⋅⋅ O and weaker C-H ⋅⋅⋅ O contacts were observed for BCP 5 while the O ⋅⋅⋅ H interaction was a prominent contact for BCP 6. The presence of 3D BCP units prevented the π ⋅⋅⋅ π stacking between phenyl rings in 3, 4, and 7. The BCP skeleton was often rotationally averaged, indicating fewer interactions compared to bridgehead functional groups. Using DFT analysis, geometries were optimized and molecular electrostatic potentials were calculated on the BCP surfaces. These interaction profiles may be useful for designing BCP analogs of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Grover
- School of ChemistryTrinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinThe University of Dublin152-160 Pearse StreetDublin 2Ireland
| | - Keith J. Flanagan
- School of ChemistryTrinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinThe University of Dublin152-160 Pearse StreetDublin 2Ireland
| | - Cristina Trujillo
- School of ChemistryTrinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinThe University of Dublin152-160 Pearse StreetDublin 2Ireland
| | - Christopher J. Kingsbury
- School of ChemistryTrinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinThe University of Dublin152-160 Pearse StreetDublin 2Ireland
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS)Technical University of Munich, Focus Group – Molecular and Interfacial Engineering of Organic NanosystemsLichtenberg-Str. 2a85748GarchingGermany
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146
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Armengol‐Relats H, Mato M, Echavarren AM. Assembly of Complex 1,4‐Cycloheptadienes by (4+3) Cycloaddition of Rhodium(II) and Gold(I) Non‐Acceptor Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Armengol‐Relats
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/ Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Mauro Mato
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/ Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/ Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
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147
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Arevalo R, López R, Falvello LR, Riera L, Perez J. Building C(sp 3 ) Molecular Complexity on 2,2'-Bipyridine and 1,10-Phenanthroline in Rhenium Tricarbonyl Complexes. Chemistry 2021; 27:379-389. [PMID: 33001533 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of [Re(N-N)(CO)3 (PMe3 )]OTf (N-N=2,2'-bipyridine, bipy; 1,10-phenanthroline, phen) compounds with tBuLi and with LiHBEt3 have been explored. Addition to the N-N chelate took place with different site-selectivity depending on both chelate and nucleophile. Thus, with tBuLi, an unprecedented addition to C5 of bipy, a regiochemistry not accessible for free bipy, was obtained, whereas coordinated phen underwent tBuLi addition to C2 and C4. Remarkably, when LiHBEt3 reacted with [Re(bipy)(CO)3 (PMe3 )]OTf, hydride addition to the 4 and 6 positions of bipy triggered an intermolecular cyclodimerization of two dearomatized pyridyl rings. In contrast, hydride addition to the phen analog resulted in partial reduction of one pyridine ring. The resulting neutral ReI products showed a varied reactivity with HOTf and with MeOTf to yield cationic complexes. These strategies rendered access to ReI complexes containing bipy- and phen-derived chelates with several C(sp3 ) centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Arevalo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.,Current address: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Merced, 5200 N. Lake Road, 95343, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Ramón López
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Larry R Falvello
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lucía Riera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología-CINN, CSIC- Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Avda. de la Vega 4-6, 33940, El Entrego, Spain
| | - Julio Perez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología-CINN, CSIC- Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Avda. de la Vega 4-6, 33940, El Entrego, Spain
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148
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Wang JX, Wang YT, Zhang H, Fu MC. Visible-light-induced iodine-anion-catalyzed decarboxylative/deaminative C–H alkylation of enamides. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00660f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method for photo-induced iodine-anion-catalyzed C–H alkylation of enamides has been developed. Redox-active esters and Katritzky salts of amino acids are amenable, successfully delivering various functionalized enamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xin Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy
- iChEM
- University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Ya-Ting Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy
- iChEM
- University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy
- iChEM
- University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Ming-Chen Fu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy
- iChEM
- University of Science and Technology of China
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149
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Sitte E, Twamley B, Grover N, Senge MO. Investigation of the Reactivity of 1-Azido-3-iodobicyclo[1.1.1]pentane under "Click" Reaction Conditions. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1238-1245. [PMID: 33283512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) unit is under scrutiny as a bioisostere in drug molecules. We employed methodologies for the synthesis of different BCP triazole building blocks from one precursor, 1-azido-3-iodobicyclo[1.1.1]pentane, by "click" reactions and integrated cycloaddition-Sonogashira coupling reactions. Thereby, we accessed 1,4-disubstituted triazoles, 5-iodo-1,4,5-trisubstituted triazoles, and 5-alkynylated 1,4,5-trisubstituted triazoles. This gives entry to the synthesis of multiply substituted BCP triazoles on either a modular or a one-pot basis. These methodologies were further utilized for appending porphyrin moieties onto the BCP core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Sitte
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nitika Grover
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, Ireland
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150
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He FS, Xie S, Yao Y, Wu J. Recent advances in the applications of [1.1.1]propellane in organic synthesis. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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