1
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Higham JI, Ma TK, Bull JA. When is an Imine Directing Group a Transient Imine Directing Group in C-H Functionalization? Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400345. [PMID: 38375941 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
'Transient' C-H functionalization has emerged in recent years to describe the use of a dynamic linkage, often an imine, to direct cyclometallation and subsequent functionalization. As the field continues to grow in popularity, we consider the features that make an imine directing group transient. A transient imine should be i) formed dynamically in situ, ii) avoid discrete introduction or cleavage steps, and iii) offer the potential for catalysis in both the directing group and metal. This concept article contrasts transient imines with pioneering early studies of imines as directing groups for the formation of metallacycles and the use of preformed imines in C-H functionalization. Leading developments in the use of catalytic additives to form transient directing groups (as aldehyde or amine) are covered including selected highlights of the most recent examples of catalytic imine directed C-H functionalization with transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe I Higham
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Tsz-Kan Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
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2
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Boddy A, Sahay AK, Rivers EL, White AJP, Spivey AC, Bull JA. Enantioselective Phase-Transfer-Catalyzed Synthesis of Spirocyclic Azetidine Oxindoles. Org Lett 2024; 26:2079-2084. [PMID: 38447584 PMCID: PMC10949229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Spiro-3,2'-azetidine oxindoles combine two independently important pharmacophores in an understudied spirocyclic motif that is attractive for medicinal chemistry. Here, the enantioselective synthesis of these structures is achieved in up to 2:98 er through intramolecular C-C bond formation, involving activation of the substrate with a novel SF5-containing chiral cation phase-transfer (PT) catalyst. The products are readily elaborated/deprotected to afford medicinally relevant enantioenriched compounds. Control experiments suggest an interfacial PT mechanism, whereby catalytic asymmetric induction is achieved through the activation of the chloride leaving group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander
J. Boddy
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Aditya K. Sahay
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Emma L. Rivers
- Hit
Discovery, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Andrew J. P. White
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Alan C. Spivey
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - James A. Bull
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
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3
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Zhong Z, Ma TK, White AJP, Bull JA. Synthesis of Pyrazolesulfoximines Using α-Diazosulfoximines with Alkynes. Org Lett 2024; 26:1178-1183. [PMID: 38306458 PMCID: PMC10877601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Sulfoximines and pyrazoles are both important motifs in medicinal compounds. Here we report the synthesis and reactivity of sulfoximine diazo compounds as new reagents for the incorporation of sulfoximines. The use of N-silyl sulfoximines enabled formation of monosubstituted diazo compounds. Their application is demonstrated in a [3 + 2] cycloaddition with alkynes to form pyrazole sulfoximines in a new combination of these important chemotypes. Further derivatization of the pyrazole sulfoximines is demonstrated, including silyl deprotection to form unprotected pyrazolesulfoximines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhao Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research
Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12
0BZ, U.K.
| | - Tsz-Kan Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research
Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12
0BZ, U.K.
| | - Andrew J. P. White
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research
Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12
0BZ, U.K.
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research
Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12
0BZ, U.K.
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4
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Bull JA. Sulfur stereochemistry takes centre stage. Nat Chem 2024; 16:152-153. [PMID: 38238466 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01421-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, UK.
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5
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Abstract
The oxetane ring is an emergent, underexplored motif in drug discovery that shows attractive properties such as low molecular weight, high polarity, and marked three-dimensionality. Oxetanes have garnered further interest as isosteres of carbonyl groups and as molecular tools to fine-tune physicochemical properties of drug compounds such as pKa, LogD, aqueous solubility, and metabolic clearance. This perspective highlights recent applications of oxetane motifs in drug discovery campaigns (2017-2022), with emphasis on the effect of the oxetane on medicinally relevant properties and on the building blocks used to incorporate the oxetane ring. Based on this analysis, we provide an overview of the potential benefits of appending an oxetane to a drug compound, as well as potential pitfalls, challenges, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Rojas
- Department of Chemistry,
Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences
Research Hub, White City
Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry,
Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences
Research Hub, White City
Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
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6
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Higham JI, Ma TK, Bull JA. Dual Copper- and Aldehyde-Catalyzed Transient C-H Sulfonylation of Benzylamines. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37439636 PMCID: PMC10367073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the first example of using a dual catalytic system with copper(II) acetate and 2-hydroxynicotinaldehyde to achieve transient C(sp2)-H sulfonylation of benzylamines with sulfinate salts via a dynamically formed imine directing group. Manganese(IV) oxide was identified as an effective oxidant and base. Computational density functional theory investigations suggest that the transient directing group lowers the energy barrier for an acetate-mediated, turnover-limiting C-H activation step and subsequent combination of the cupracycle with a RSO2 radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe I Higham
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tsz-Kan Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
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7
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Saejong P, Rojas JJ, Denis C, White AJP, Voisin-Chiret AS, Choi C, Bull JA. Synthesis of oxetane and azetidine ethers as ester isosteres by Brønsted acid catalysed alkylation of alcohols with 3-aryl-oxetanols and 3-aryl-azetidinols. Org Biomol Chem 2023. [PMID: 37345459 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00731f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Oxetanes and azetidines continue to draw significant interest in medicinal chemistry, as small, polar and non-planar motifs. Oxetanes also represent interesting surrogates for carbonyl-containing functional groups. Here we report a synthesis of 3,3-disubstituted oxetane- and azetidine-ethers, with comparisons made to the ester functional group. The tertiary benzylic alcohols of the 4-membered rings are selectively activated using Brønsted acid catalysis and reacted with simple alcohols to form the ethers and maintain the oxetane ring intact. This approach avoids the use of strong bases and halide alkylating agents and allows alcohol libraries to be leveraged. Oxetane ethers demonstrate excellent chemical stability across a range of conditions and an improved stability vis-à-vis analogous esters under basic and reducing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peerawat Saejong
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Juan J Rojas
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Camille Denis
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CERMN, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Andrew J P White
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | | | - Chulho Choi
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Rd., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
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8
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Rojas JJ, Bull JA. 4-Membered Ring Carbocations: A Positive Development in the Synthesis of 3,3-Disubstituted Oxetanes and Azetidines. Chimia (Aarau) 2023; 77:192-195. [PMID: 38047794 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2023.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
4-Membered heterocycles are low molecular weight polar scaffolds with intriguing potential for drug discovery. Despite their unquestionable value, methods to access such heterocycles remain scant. Here, we describe the generation of oxetane- and azetidine- benzylic carbocations as a general strategy to access valuable 3,3-disubstituted derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Rojas
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ London.
| | - James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ London.
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9
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Dubois MAJ, Rojas JJ, Sterling AJ, Broderick HC, Smith MA, White AJP, Miller PW, Choi C, Mousseau JJ, Duarte F, Bull JA. Visible Light Photoredox-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Alkylation of 3-Aryl-Oxetanes and Azetidines via Benzylic Tertiary Radicals and Implications of Benzylic Radical Stability. J Org Chem 2023; 88:6476-6488. [PMID: 36868184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Four-membered heterocycles offer exciting potential as small polar motifs in medicinal chemistry but require further methods for incorporation. Photoredox catalysis is a powerful method for the mild generation of alkyl radicals for C-C bond formation. The effect of ring strain on radical reactivity is not well understood, with no studies that address this question systematically. Examples of reactions that involve benzylic radicals are rare, and their reactivity is challenging to harness. This work develops a radical functionalization of benzylic oxetanes and azetidines using visible light photoredox catalysis to prepare 3-aryl-3-alkyl substituted derivatives and assesses the influence of ring strain and heterosubstitution on the reactivity of small-ring radicals. 3-Aryl-3-carboxylic acid oxetanes and azetidines are suitable precursors to tertiary benzylic oxetane/azetidine radicals which undergo conjugate addition into activated alkenes. We compare the reactivity of oxetane radicals to other benzylic systems. Computational studies indicate that Giese additions of unstrained benzylic radicals into acrylates are reversible and result in low yields and radical dimerization. Benzylic radicals as part of a strained ring, however, are less stable and more π-delocalized, decreasing dimer and increasing Giese product formation. Oxetanes show high product yields due to ring strain and Bent's rule rendering the Giese addition irreversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryne A J Dubois
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Juan J Rojas
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Alistair J Sterling
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Hannah C Broderick
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Milo A Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Andrew J P White
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Philip W Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Chulho Choi
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Rd., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - James J Mousseau
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Rd., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, UK
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11
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Zhong Z, Chesti J, Armstrong A, Bull JA. Synthesis of Sulfoximine Propargyl Carbamates under Improved Conditions for Rhodium Catalyzed Carbamate Transfer to Sulfoxides. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16115-16126. [PMID: 36379008 PMCID: PMC9724092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sulfoximines provide aza-analogues of sulfones, with potentially improved properties for medicinal chemistry. The sulfoximine nitrogen also provides an additional vector for the inclusion of other functionality. Here, we report improved conditions for rhodium catalyzed synthesis of sulfoximine (and sulfilimine) carbamates, especially for previously low-yielding carbamates containing π-functionality. Notably we report the preparation of propargyl sulfoximine carbamates to provide an alkyne as a potential click handle. Using Rh2(esp)2 as catalyst and a DOE optimization approach provided considerably increased yields.
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12
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Higham JI, Bull JA. Amine-Catalyzed Copper-Mediated C-H Sulfonylation of Benzaldehydes via a Transient Imine Directing Group. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202933. [PMID: 35441781 PMCID: PMC9321081 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Transient directing groups (TDGs) can provide a powerful means for C−H functionalization without requiring additional steps for directing group introduction and removal. We report the first use of a TDG in combination with copper to effect C−H functionalization. The regioselective copper mediated β−C(sp2)−H sulfonylation of aldehydes with sulfinate salts is accomplished using catalytic β‐alanine to form a transient imine. A broad range of sulfonylated benzaldehydes are prepared using copper fluoride as both copper source and oxidant, involving a [5,6] cupracyclic intermediate. γ‐(peri)‐Sulfonylation of napthyl and phenanthrenyl carboxaldehydes is achieved through [6,6] cupracyclic intermediates. Further derivatisation of the aldehyde products is demonstrated. Kinetic experiments and Hammett analysis suggest the turnover limiting step to be a concerted asynchronous C−H cleavage via a dearomative Wheland‐type transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe I Higham
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
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13
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Higham JI, Bull JA. Amine‐Catalyzed Copper‐Mediated C−H Sulfonylation of Benzaldehydes via a Transient Imine Directing Group**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joe I. Higham
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
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14
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Greed S, Symes O, Bull JA. Stereospecific reaction of sulfonimidoyl fluorides with Grignard reagents for the synthesis of enantioenriched sulfoximines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5387-5390. [PMID: 35416220 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01219g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonimidoyl halides have previously shown poor stability and selectivity in reaction with organometallic reagents. Here we report the preparation of enantioenriched sulfonimidoyl fluorides and their stereospecific reaction at sulfur with Grignard reagents. Notably the first enantioenriched alkyl sulfonimidoyl fluorides are prepared, including methyl. The nature of the N-group is important to the success of the stereocontrolled sequence to sulfoximines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Greed
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Oliver Symes
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
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15
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Rojas JJ, Torrisi E, Dubois MAJ, Hossain R, White AJP, Zappia G, Mousseau JJ, Choi C, Bull JA. Oxetan-3-ols as 1,2-bis-Electrophiles in a Brønsted-Acid-Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,4-Dioxanes. Org Lett 2022; 24:2365-2370. [PMID: 35311271 PMCID: PMC9007565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Annulations
that combine diacceptors with bis-nucleophiles are
uncommon. Here, we report the synthesis of 1,4-dioxanes from 3-aryloxetan-3-ols,
as 1,2-bis-electrophiles and 1,2-diols. Brønsted acid Tf2NH catalyzes both the selective activation of the oxetanol,
to form an oxetane carbocation that reacts with the diol, and intramolecular
ring opening of the oxetane. High regio- and diastereoselectivity
are achieved with unsymmetrical diols. The substituted dioxanes and
fused bicyclic products present interesting motifs for drug discovery
and can be further functionalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Rojas
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Elena Torrisi
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, P.za Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Maryne A. J. Dubois
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Riashat Hossain
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Andrew J. P. White
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Giovanni Zappia
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, P.za Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - James J. Mousseau
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Chulho Choi
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
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16
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Piticari A, Antermite D, Higham JI, Moore JH, Webster MP, Bull JA. Stereoselective Palladium‐Catalyzed C(
sp
3
)−H Mono‐Arylation of Piperidines and Tetrahydropyrans with a C(4) Directing Group. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amalia‐Sofia Piticari
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub White City Campus Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Daniele Antermite
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub White City Campus Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Joe I. Higham
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub White City Campus Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - J. Harry Moore
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub White City Campus Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | | | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub White City Campus Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
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17
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Rojas JJ, Croft RA, Sterling AJ, Briggs EL, Antermite D, Schmitt DC, Blagojevic L, Haycock P, White AJP, Duarte F, Choi C, Mousseau JJ, Bull JA. Amino-oxetanes as amide isosteres by an alternative defluorosulfonylative coupling of sulfonyl fluorides. Nat Chem 2022; 14:160-169. [PMID: 35087220 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00856-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Bioisosteres provide valuable design elements that medicinal chemists can use to adjust the structural and pharmacokinetic characteristics of bioactive compounds towards viable drug candidates. Aryl oxetane amines offer exciting potential as bioisosteres for benzamides-extremely common pharmacophores-but are rarely examined due to the lack of available synthetic methods. Here we describe a class of reactions for sulfonyl fluorides to form amino-oxetanes by an alternative pathway to the established SuFEx (sulfonyl-fluoride exchange) click reactivity. A defluorosulfonylation forms planar oxetane carbocations simply on warming. This disconnection, comparable to a typical amidation, will allow the application of vast existing amine libraries. The reaction is tolerant to a wide range of polar functionalities and is suitable for array formats. Ten oxetane analogues of bioactive benzamides and marketed drugs are prepared. Kinetic and computational studies support the formation of an oxetane carbocation as the rate-determining step, followed by a chemoselective nucleophile coupling step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Rojas
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, UK
| | - Rosemary A Croft
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, UK
| | - Alistair J Sterling
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Edward L Briggs
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, UK
| | - Daniele Antermite
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, UK
| | - Daniel C Schmitt
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Luka Blagojevic
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, UK
| | - Peter Haycock
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, UK
| | - Andrew J P White
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, UK
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chulho Choi
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Groton, CT, USA
| | - James J Mousseau
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Groton, CT, USA
| | - James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, UK.
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18
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Dubois MAJ, Croft RA, Ding Y, Choi C, Owen DR, Bull JA, Mousseau JJ. Investigating 3,3-diaryloxetanes as potential bioisosteres through matched molecular pair analysis. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:2045-2052. [PMID: 35024613 PMCID: PMC8672821 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00248a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxetanes have received increasing interest in medicinal chemistry as attractive polar and low molecular weight motifs. The application of oxetanes as replacements for methylene, methyl, gem-dimethyl and carbonyl groups has been demonstrated to often improve chemical properties of target molecules for drug discovery purposes. The investigation of the properties of 3,3-diaryloxetanes, particularly of interest as a benzophenone replacement, remains largely unexplored. With recent synthetic advances in accessing this motif we studied the effects of 3,3-diaryloxetanes on the physicochemical properties of 'drug-like' molecules. Here, we describe our efforts in the design and synthesis of a range of drug-like compounds for matched molecular pair analysis to investigate the viability of the 3,3-diaryloxetane motif as a replacement group in drug discovery. We conclude that the properties of the diaryloxetanes and ketones are similar, and generally superior to related alkyl linkers, and that diaryloxetanes provide a potentially useful new design element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryne A J Dubois
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Rosemary A Croft
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Yujie Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Chulho Choi
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical 445 Eastern Point Rd. Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Dafydd R Owen
- Pfizer Medicine Design 610 Main St Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - James J Mousseau
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical 445 Eastern Point Rd. Groton CT 06340 USA
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19
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Abstract
Recent years have seen a marked increase in the occurrence of sulfoximines in the chemical sciences, often presented as valuable motifs for medicinal chemistry. This has been prompted by both pioneering works taking sulfoximine containing compounds into clinical trials and the concurrent development of powerful synthetic methods. This review covers recent developments in the synthesis of sulfoximines concentrating on developments since 2015. This includes extensive developments in both S-N and S-C bond formations. Flow chemistry processes for sulfoximine synthesis are also covered. Finally, subsequent transformations of sulfoximines, particularly in N-functionalization are reviewed, including N-S, N-P, N-C bond forming processes and cyclization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Andresini
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug SciencesUniversity of Bari “A. Moro”Via E. Orabona 470125BariItaly
| | - Arianna Tota
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug SciencesUniversity of Bari “A. Moro”Via E. Orabona 470125BariItaly
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug SciencesUniversity of Bari “A. Moro”Via E. Orabona 470125BariItaly
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research Hub White City Campus, Wood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug SciencesUniversity of Bari “A. Moro”Via E. Orabona 470125BariItaly
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20
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Andresini M, Tota A, Degennaro L, Bull JA, Luisi R. Frontispiece: Synthesis and Transformations of NH‐Sulfoximines. Chemistry 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202186962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Andresini
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences University of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Arianna Tota
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences University of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences University of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub White City Campus, Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences University of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
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21
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Craven GB, Briggs EL, Zammit CM, McDermott A, Greed S, Affron DP, Leinfellner C, Cudmore HR, Tweedy RR, Luisi R, Bull JA, Armstrong A. Synthesis and Configurational Assignment of Vinyl Sulfoximines and Sulfonimidamides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:7403-7424. [PMID: 34003635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Vinyl sulfones and sulfonamides are valued for their use as electrophilic warheads in covalent protein inhibitors. Conversely, the S(VI) aza-isosteres thereof, vinyl sulfoximines and sulfonimidamides, are far less studied and have yet to be applied to the field of protein bioconjugation. Herein, we report a range of different synthetic methodologies for constructing vinyl sulfoximine and vinyl sulfonimidamide architectures that allows access to new areas of electrophilic chemical space. We demonstrate how late-stage functionalization can be applied to these motifs to incorporate alkyne tags, generating fully functionalized probes for future chemical biology applications. Finally, we establish a workflow for determining the absolute configuration of enantioenriched vinyl sulfoximines and sulfonimidamides by comparing experimentally and computationally determined electronic circular dichroism spectra, enabling access to configurationally assigned enantiomeric pairs by separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory B Craven
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.,The Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Edward L Briggs
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Charlotte M Zammit
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Alexander McDermott
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Stephanie Greed
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Dominic P Affron
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Charlotte Leinfellner
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Hannah R Cudmore
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Ruth R Tweedy
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari, "A. Moro" Via E. Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - James A Bull
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Alan Armstrong
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
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22
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Tota A, Colella M, Carlucci C, Aramini A, Clarkson G, Degennaro L, Bull JA, Luisi R. N−N Bond Formation Using an Iodonitrene as an Umpolung of Ammonia: Straightforward and Chemoselective Synthesis of Hydrazinium Salts. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Tota
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences University of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Marco Colella
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences University of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Claudia Carlucci
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences University of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Andrea Aramini
- Department of Discovery Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A. Via Campo di Pile L'Aquila 67100 Italy
| | - Guy Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences University of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences University of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
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23
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Abstract
This review summaries recent synthetic developments towards spirocyclic oxindoles and applications as valuable medicinal and synthetic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Boddy
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub
- London W12 0BZ
- UK
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub
- London W12 0BZ
- UK
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24
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Greed S, Briggs EL, Idiris FIM, White AJP, Lücking U, Bull JA. Synthesis of Highly Enantioenriched Sulfonimidoyl Fluorides and Sulfonimidamides by Stereospecific Sulfur-Fluorine Exchange (SuFEx) Reaction. Chemistry 2020; 26:12533-12538. [PMID: 32428384 PMCID: PMC7590120 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonimidamides present exciting opportunities as chiral isosteres of sulfonamides, with potential for additional directional interactions. Here, we present the first modular enantioselective synthesis of sulfonimidamides, including the first stereoselective synthesis of enantioenriched sulfonimidoyl fluorides, and studies on their reactivity. A new route to sulfonimidoyl fluorides is presented from solid bench-stable, N-Boc-sulfinamide (Boc=tert-butyloxycarbonyl) salt building blocks. Enantioenriched arylsulfonimidoyl fluorides are shown to be readily racemised by fluoride ions. Conditions are developed, which trap fluoride and enable the stereospecific reaction of sulfonimidoyl fluorides with primary and secondary amines (100 % es, es=enantiospecificity) generating sulfonimidamides with up to 99 % ee. Aryl and alkyl sulfonimidoyl fluoride reagents are suitable for mild late stage functionalisation reactions, exemplified by coupling with a selection of complex amines in marketed drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Greed
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubWhite City CampusWood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Edward L. Briggs
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubWhite City CampusWood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Fahima I. M. Idiris
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubWhite City CampusWood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Andrew J. P. White
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubWhite City CampusWood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Ulrich Lücking
- Bayer AGPharmaceuticals DivisionDrug DiscoveryMüllerstr. 17813353BerlinGermany
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubWhite City CampusWood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
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25
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Green SP, Wheelhouse KM, Payne AD, Hallett JP, Miller PW, Bull JA. On the Use of Differential Scanning Calorimetry for Thermal Hazard Assessment of New Chemistry: Avoiding Explosive Mistakes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian P. Green
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub White City Campus, Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering Imperial College London South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Katherine M. Wheelhouse
- Chemical Development Product Development & Supply GlaxoSmithKline GSK Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
| | - Andrew D. Payne
- Process Safety Clinical Supply Chain GlaxoSmithKline GSK Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
| | - Jason P. Hallett
- Department of Chemical Engineering Imperial College London South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Philip W. Miller
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub White City Campus, Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub White City Campus, Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
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26
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Green SP, Wheelhouse KM, Payne AD, Hallett JP, Miller PW, Bull JA. On the Use of Differential Scanning Calorimetry for Thermal Hazard Assessment of New Chemistry: Avoiding Explosive Mistakes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15798-15802. [PMID: 32893978 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is increasingly used as evidence to support a favourable safety profile of novel chemistry, or to highlight the need for caution. DSC enables preliminary assessment of the thermal hazards of a potentially energetic compound. However, unlike other standard characterisation methods, which have well defined formats for reporting data, the current reporting of DSC results for thermal hazard assessment has shown concerning trends. Around half of all results in 2019 did not include experimental details required to replicate the procedure. Furthermore, analysis for thermal hazard assessment is often only conducted in unsealed crucibles, which could lead to misleading results and dangerously incorrect conclusions. We highlight the specific issues with DSC analysis of hazardous compounds currently in the organic chemistry literature and provide simple "best practice" guidelines which will give chemists confidence in reported DSC results and the conclusions drawn from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian P Green
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Katherine M Wheelhouse
- Chemical Development, Product Development & Supply, GlaxoSmithKline, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Andrew D Payne
- Process Safety, Clinical Supply Chain, GlaxoSmithKline, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Jason P Hallett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Philip W Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
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27
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Dubois MAJ, Smith MA, White AJP, Lee Wei Jie A, Mousseau JJ, Choi C, Bull JA. Short Synthesis of Oxetane and Azetidine 3-Aryl-3-carboxylic Acid Derivatives by Selective Furan Oxidative Cleavage. Org Lett 2020; 22:5279-5283. [PMID: 32338914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Four-membered rings remain underexplored motifs despite offering attractive physicochemical properties for medicinal chemistry. Arylacetic acids bearing oxetanes, azetidines, and cyclobutanes are prepared in two steps: a catalytic Friedel-Crafts reaction from four-membered ring alcohol substrates, followed by mild oxidative cleavage. The suitability of the products as building blocks is reflected in their facile purification and amenability to derivatization. Examples include heteroaromatics and aryltriflates, as well as oxetane-derived profen drug analogues and a new endomorphin derivative containing an azetidine amino acid residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryne A J Dubois
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Milo A Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J P White
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alvin Lee Wei Jie
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - James J Mousseau
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Chulho Choi
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
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28
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Coleman JA, Navratna V, Antermite D, Yang D, Bull JA, Gouaux E. Chemical and structural investigation of the paroxetine-human serotonin transporter complex. eLife 2020; 9:56427. [PMID: 32618269 PMCID: PMC7470834 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antidepressants target the serotonin transporter (SERT) by inhibiting serotonin reuptake. Structural and biochemical studies aiming to understand binding of small-molecules to conformationally dynamic transporters like SERT often require thermostabilizing mutations and antibodies to stabilize a specific conformation, leading to questions about relationships of these structures to the bonafide conformation and inhibitor binding poses of wild-type transporter. To address these concerns, we determined the structures of ∆N72/∆C13 and ts2-inactive SERT bound to paroxetine analogues using single-particle cryo-EM and x-ray crystallography, respectively. We synthesized enantiopure analogues of paroxetine containing either bromine or iodine instead of fluorine. We exploited the anomalous scattering of bromine and iodine to define the pose of these inhibitors and investigated inhibitor binding to Asn177 mutants of ts2-active SERT. These studies provide mutually consistent insights into how paroxetine and its analogues bind to the central substrate-binding site of SERT, stabilize the outward-open conformation, and inhibit serotonin transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Coleman
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Vikas Navratna
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Daniele Antermite
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dongxue Yang
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Gouaux
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
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29
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Higham JI, Bull JA. Copper catalysed oxidative α-sulfonylation of branched aldehydes using the acid enhanced reactivity of manganese(iv) oxide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4587-4590. [PMID: 32207485 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01576h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative coupling of secondary aldehydes and sulfinate salts is achieved using copper catalysis to form α-sulfonyl aldehydes. The use of an acidic co-solvent is important to adjust the oxidation potential of MnO2 as an oxidant. A broad range of sulfonylated aldehydes is prepared, and their further functionalisation is demonstrated. A dual ionic/radical pathway mechanism is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe I Higham
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
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30
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St John-Campbell S, White AJP, Bull JA. Methylene C(sp3)–H β,β′-Diarylation of Cyclohexanecarbaldehydes Promoted by a Transient Directing Group and Pyridone Ligand. Org Lett 2020; 22:1807-1812. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahra St John-Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London,White City Campus, Wood Lane W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Andrew J. P. White
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London,White City Campus, Wood Lane W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London,White City Campus, Wood Lane W12 0BZ, U.K
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31
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Tota A, Carlucci C, Pisano L, Cutolo G, Clarkson GJ, Romanazzi G, Degennaro L, Bull JA, Rollin P, Luisi R. Synthesis of glycosyl sulfoximines by a highly chemo- and stereoselective NH- and O-transfer to thioglycosides. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3893-3897. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00647e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first highly stereoselective sulfoximine formation directly from sulfides is achieved in the preparation of unprecedented glycosyl sulfoximines. X-ray analysis and a computational model establish the configuration at sulfur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Tota
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences
- University of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4
- Bari 70125
- Italy
| | - Claudia Carlucci
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences
- University of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4
- Bari 70125
- Italy
| | - Luisa Pisano
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Sassari
- Sassari
- Italy
| | - Giuliano Cutolo
- PrattLab – University of Southern California
- TRF 100 Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Guy J. Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry CV4 7AL
- UK
| | | | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences
- University of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4
- Bari 70125
- Italy
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub
- Imperial College London
- White City Campus
- UK
| | | | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences
- University of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4
- Bari 70125
- Italy
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32
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Higham JI, Bull JA. Transient imine directing groups for the C–H functionalisation of aldehydes, ketones and amines: an update 2018–2020. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7291-7315. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01587c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review describes recent advances in C–H functionalisation using transient directing groups. Advances in directing group design, new bond forming methodologies, regio- and stereoselective processes, and new mechanistic insights are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe I. Higham
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
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33
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Green SP, Wheelhouse KM, Payne AD, Hallett JP, Miller PW, Bull JA. Thermal Stability and Explosive Hazard Assessment of Diazo Compounds and Diazo Transfer Reagents. Org Process Res Dev 2019; 24:67-84. [PMID: 31983869 PMCID: PMC6972035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite their wide use in academia as metal-carbene precursors, diazo compounds are often avoided in industry owing to concerns over their instability, exothermic decomposition, and potential explosive behavior. The stability of sulfonyl azides and other diazo transfer reagents is relatively well understood, but there is little reliable data available for diazo compounds. This work first collates available sensitivity and thermal analysis data for diazo transfer reagents and diazo compounds to act as an accessible reference resource. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC) data for the model donor/acceptor diazo compound ethyl (phenyl)diazoacetate are presented. We also present a rigorous DSC dataset with 43 other diazo compounds, enabling direct comparison to other energetic materials to provide a clear reference work to the academic and industrial chemistry communities. Interestingly, there is a wide range of onset temperatures (T onset) for this series of compounds, which varied between 75 and 160 °C. The thermal stability variation depends on the electronic effect of substituents and the amount of charge delocalization. A statistical model is demonstrated to predict the thermal stability of differently substituted phenyl diazoacetates. A maximum recommended process temperature (T D24) to avoid decomposition is estimated for selected diazo compounds. The average enthalpy of decomposition (ΔH D) for diazo compounds without other energetic functional groups is -102 kJ mol-1. Several diazo transfer reagents are analyzed using the same DSC protocol and found to have higher thermal stability, which is in general agreement with the reported values. For sulfonyl azide reagents, an average ΔH D of -201 kJ mol-1 is observed. High-quality thermal data from ARC experiments shows the initiation of decomposition for ethyl (phenyl)diazoacetate to be 60 °C, compared to that of 100 °C for the common diazo transfer reagent p-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl azide (p-ABSA). The Yoshida correlation is applied to DSC data for each diazo compound to provide an indication of both their impact sensitivity (IS) and explosivity. As a neat substance, none of the diazo compounds tested are predicted to be explosive, but many (particularly donor/acceptor diazo compounds) are predicted to be impact-sensitive. It is therefore recommended that manipulation, agitation, and other processing of neat diazo compounds are conducted with due care to avoid impacts, particularly in large quantities. The full dataset is presented to inform chemists of the nature and magnitude of hazards when using diazo compounds and diazo transfer reagents. Given the demonstrated potential for rapid heat generation and gas evolution, adequate temperature control and cautious addition of reagents that begin a reaction are strongly recommended when conducting reactions with diazo compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian P Green
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Katherine M Wheelhouse
- API Chemistry, Product Development & Supply and Process Safety, Pilot Plant Operations, GlaxoSmithKline, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Andrew D Payne
- API Chemistry, Product Development & Supply and Process Safety, Pilot Plant Operations, GlaxoSmithKline, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Jason P Hallett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Philip W Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
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Briggs EL, Tota A, Colella M, Degennaro L, Luisi R, Bull JA. Synthesis of Sulfonimidamides from Sulfenamides via an Alkoxy‐amino‐λ
6
‐sulfanenitrile Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14303-14310. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward L. Briggs
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub White City Campus Wood Lane W12 0BZ UK
| | - Arianna Tota
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences University of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 Bari 70125 Italy
| | - Marco Colella
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences University of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 Bari 70125 Italy
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences University of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 Bari 70125 Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences University of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 Bari 70125 Italy
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub White City Campus Wood Lane W12 0BZ UK
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35
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Briggs EL, Tota A, Colella M, Degennaro L, Luisi R, Bull JA. Synthesis of Sulfonimidamides from Sulfenamides via an Alkoxy‐amino‐λ
6
‐sulfanenitrile Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward L. Briggs
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub White City Campus Wood Lane W12 0BZ UK
| | - Arianna Tota
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences University of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 Bari 70125 Italy
| | - Marco Colella
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences University of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 Bari 70125 Italy
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences University of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 Bari 70125 Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences University of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4 Bari 70125 Italy
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub White City Campus Wood Lane W12 0BZ UK
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36
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James A. Bull
- Molecular Sciences Research HubWhite City Campus Wood Lane London W12 0BZ U.K
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37
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Abstract
Synthetic methods that can readily access saturated heterocycles with different substitution patterns and with control of stereo- and regiochemistry are of huge potential value in the development of new medicinal compounds. Directed C–H functionalization of simple and commercially available precursors offers the potential to prepare diverse collections of such valuable compounds that can probe the different available exit vectors from a ring system. Nonetheless, the presence of the Lewis basic heteroatoms makes this a significant challenge. This review covers recent advances in the catalytic C–H functionalization of saturated heterocycles, with a view to different heterocycles (N, O, S), substitution patterns and transformations.1 Introduction2 α-C–H Functionalization with Directing Group on Nitrogen3 C–H Functionalization at Unactivated C(3), C(4), and C(5) Positions3.1 C–H Functionalization at C(3) with Directing Groups at C(2)3.2 C–H Functionalization at C(3), C(4), and C(5): Directing Groups at C(4) and C(3)4 Transannular C–H Functionalization5 Conclusion
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38
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Croft RA, Dubois MAJ, Boddy AJ, Denis C, Lazaridou A, Voisin‐Chiret AS, Bureau R, Choi C, Mousseau JJ, Bull JA. Catalytic Friedel‐Crafts Reactions on Saturated Heterocycles and Small Rings for sp
3
‐sp
2
Coupling of Medicinally Relevant Fragments. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary A. Croft
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Maryne A. J. Dubois
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Alexander J. Boddy
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Camille Denis
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CERMN 14000, Caen France
| | - Anna Lazaridou
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Anne Sophie Voisin‐Chiret
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CERMN 14000, Caen France
| | - Ronan Bureau
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CERMN 14000, Caen France
| | - Chulho Choi
- Pfizer Global Research and Development 445 Eastern Point Rd. Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - James J. Mousseau
- Pfizer Global Research and Development 445 Eastern Point Rd. Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
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39
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Dubois MAJ, Lazaridou A, Choi C, Mousseau JJ, Bull JA. Synthesis of 3-Aryl-3-Sulfanyl Azetidines by Iron-Catalyzed Thiol Alkylation with N-Cbz Azetidinols. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5943-5956. [PMID: 30973723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
New small-ring derivatives can provide valuable motifs in new chemical space for drug design. 3-Aryl-3-sulfanyl azetidines are synthesized directly from azetidine-3-ols in excellent yield by a mild Fe-catalyzed thiol alkylation. A broad range of thiols and azetidinols bearing electron-donating aromatics are successful, proceeding via an azetidine carbocation. The N-carboxybenzyl group is a requirement for good reactivity and enables the NH-azetidine to be revealed. Further reactions of the azetidine sulfides demonstrate their potential for incorporation in drug discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryne A J Dubois
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus , Wood Lane , London W12 0BZ , U.K
| | - Anna Lazaridou
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus , Wood Lane , London W12 0BZ , U.K
| | - Chulho Choi
- Pfizer Medicinal Sciences , 445 Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - James J Mousseau
- Pfizer Medicinal Sciences , 445 Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus , Wood Lane , London W12 0BZ , U.K
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40
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Green SP, Payne AD, Wheelhouse KM, Hallett JP, Miller PW, Bull JA. Diazo-Transfer Reagent 2-Azido-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine Displays Highly Exothermic Decomposition Comparable to Tosyl Azide. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5893-5898. [PMID: 30951630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
2-Azido-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine (ADT) was reported recently as a new "intrinsically safe" diazo-transfer reagent. This assessment was based on differential scanning calorimetry data indicating that ADT exhibits endothermic decomposition. We present DSC data on ADT that show exothermic decomposition with an initiation temperature ( Tinit) of 159 °C and an enthalpy of decomposition (Δ HD) of -1135 J g-1 (-207 kJ mol-1). We conclude that ADT is potentially explosive and must be treated with caution, being of comparable exothermic magnitude to tosyl azide (TsN3). A maximum recommended process temperature for ADT is 55 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian P Green
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub , Imperial College London , White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane , London W12 0BZ , U.K.,Department of Chemical Engineering , Imperial College London , South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Road , London SW7 2AZ , U.K
| | - Andrew D Payne
- Process Safety, Pilot Plant Operations, GlaxoSmithKline , GSK Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road , Stevenage , Hertfordshire SG1 2NY , U.K
| | - Katherine M Wheelhouse
- API Chemistry, Product Development & Supply, GlaxoSmithKline , GSK Medicines Research Centre , Gunnels Wood Road , Stevenage , Hertfordshire SG1 2NY , U.K
| | - Jason P Hallett
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Imperial College London , South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Road , London SW7 2AZ , U.K
| | - Philip W Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub , Imperial College London , White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane , London W12 0BZ , U.K
| | - James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub , Imperial College London , White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane , London W12 0BZ , U.K
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41
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Boddy AJ, Cordier CJ, Goldberg K, Madin A, Spivey AC, Bull JA. Acid-Mediated Ring Expansion of 2,2-Disubstituted Azetidine Carbamates to 6,6-Disubstituted 1,3-Oxazinan-2-ones. Org Lett 2019; 21:1818-1822. [PMID: 30829041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ring expansion of 2-ester-2-arylazetidine carbamates can be achieved using Brønsted acids to form 6,6-disubstituted 1,3-oxazinan-2-ones. The reaction is rapid at room temperature with Boc or Cbz derivatives and proceeds with excellent yield (up to 96%) and broad substrate scope. Derivatives of drug compounds and natural products are incorporated. The combination of this ring expansion in a three-step N-H insertion/cyclization/expansion sequence is applied to directly access medicinally relevant scaffolds from acyclic precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Boddy
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane , London W12 0BZ , U.K
| | - Christopher J Cordier
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane , London W12 0BZ , U.K
| | - Kristin Goldberg
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology , IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Cambridge CB4 0WG , U.K
| | - Andrew Madin
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Cambridge CB4 0WG , U.K
| | - Alan C Spivey
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane , London W12 0BZ , U.K
| | - James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane , London W12 0BZ , U.K
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42
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Boultwood T, Bull JA. Synthesis of Selenoaziridines: A Study on Stereochemical Outcomes of the Reaction of Aziridine Radicals and Anions Generated from Iodoaziridines. ACS Omega 2019; 4:870-879. [PMID: 31459364 PMCID: PMC6648590 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new functional group in the form of selenyl-substituted aziridines is described. Selenoaziridines are stereoselectively prepared by functionalization of intact aziridine precursors involving radical and anionic intermediates. Radicals are generated from cis-N-Ts iodoaziridines by activation of the C-I bond using alkoxides as a source of single electrons. These form predominantly trans-substituted selenoaziridines dependent on the size of the diselenide. cis-Aziridinyllithiums generated by Li-I exchange also react with diselenides stereospecifically to form a range of cis-selenoaziridines. Proposals for the stereochemical outcome are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Boultwood
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - James A. Bull
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
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43
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Denis C, Dubois MAJ, Voisin-Chiret AS, Bureau R, Choi C, Mousseau JJ, Bull JA. Synthesis of 3,3-Diarylazetidines by Calcium(II)-Catalyzed Friedel-Crafts Reaction of Azetidinols with Unexpected Cbz Enhanced Reactivity. Org Lett 2019; 21:300-304. [PMID: 30582708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Azetidines are valuable motifs that readily access under explored chemical space for drug discovery. 3,3-Diarylazetidines are prepared in high yield from N-Cbz azetidinols in a calcium(II)-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts alkylation of (hetero)aromatics and phenols, including complex phenols such as β-estradiol. Electron poor phenols undergo O-alkylation. The product azetidines can be derivatized to drug-like compounds through the azetidine nitrogen and the aromatic groups. The N-Cbz group is crucial to reactivity by providing stabilization of an intermediate carbocation on the four-membered ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Denis
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ , U.K.,Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, EA 4258 , CERMN (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie) - FR CNRS INC3M, Caen , France
| | - Maryne A J Dubois
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ , U.K
| | - Anne Sophie Voisin-Chiret
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, EA 4258 , CERMN (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie) - FR CNRS INC3M, Caen , France
| | - Ronan Bureau
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, EA 4258 , CERMN (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie) - FR CNRS INC3M, Caen , France
| | - Chulho Choi
- Pfizer Global Research and Development , 445 Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - James J Mousseau
- Pfizer Global Research and Development , 445 Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ , U.K
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44
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St John-Campbell S, Bull JA. Intramolecular palladium(ii)/(iv) catalysed C(sp 3)-H arylation of tertiary aldehydes using a transient imine directing group. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9172-9175. [PMID: 31305810 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03644j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Palladium catalysed β-C(sp3)-H activation of tertiary aldehydes using a transient imine directing group enables intramolecular arylation to form substituted indane-aldehydes. A simple amine bearing a methyl ether (2-methoxyethan-1-amine) is the optimal TDG to promote C-H activation and reaction with an unactivated proximal C-Br bond. Substituent effects are studied in the preparation of various derivatives. Preliminary mechanistic studies identify a reversible C-H activation, product inhibition and suggest that oxidative addition is the turnover limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahra St John-Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, UK.
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45
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Boddy AJ, Affron DP, Cordier CJ, Rivers EL, Spivey AC, Bull JA. Rapid Assembly of Saturated Nitrogen Heterocycles in One-Pot: Diazo-Heterocycle “Stitching” by N-H Insertion and Cyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Boddy
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; Molecular Sciences Research Hub; White City Campus; Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Dominic P. Affron
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; Molecular Sciences Research Hub; White City Campus; Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Christopher J. Cordier
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; Molecular Sciences Research Hub; White City Campus; Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Emma L. Rivers
- Hit Discovery; Discovery Sciences; IMED Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Cambridge UK
| | - Alan C. Spivey
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; Molecular Sciences Research Hub; White City Campus; Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; Molecular Sciences Research Hub; White City Campus; Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
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46
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Boddy AJ, Affron DP, Cordier CJ, Rivers EL, Spivey AC, Bull JA. Rapid Assembly of Saturated Nitrogen Heterocycles in One-Pot: Diazo-Heterocycle "Stitching" by N-H Insertion and Cyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:1458-1462. [PMID: 30516342 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Methods that provide rapid access to new heterocyclic structures in biologically relevant chemical space provide important opportunities in drug discovery. Here, a strategy is described for the preparation of 2,2-disubstituted azetidines, pyrrolidines, piperidines, and azepanes bearing ester and diverse aryl substituents. A one-pot rhodium catalyzed N-H insertion and cyclization sequence uses diazo compounds to stitch together linear 1,m-haloamines (m=2-5) to rapidly assemble 4 -, 5 -, 6 -, and 7 -membered saturated nitrogen heterocycles in excellent yields. Over fifty examples are demonstrated, including examples with diazo compounds derived from biologically active compounds. The products can be functionalized to afford α,α-disubstituted amino acids and applied to fragment synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Boddy
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Dominic P Affron
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Christopher J Cordier
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Emma L Rivers
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alan C Spivey
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
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47
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St John‐Campbell S, Ou AK, Bull JA. Palladium-Catalyzed C(sp 3 )-H Arylation of Primary Amines Using a Catalytic Alkyl Acetal to Form a Transient Directing Group. Chemistry 2018; 24:17838-17843. [PMID: 30255961 PMCID: PMC6391947 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
C-H Functionalization of amines is a prominent challenge due to the strong complexation of amines to transition metal catalysts, and therefore typically requires derivatization at nitrogen with a directing group. Transient directing groups (TDGs) permit C-H functionalization in a single operation, without needing these additional steps for directing group installation and removal. Here we report a palladium catalyzed γ-C-H arylation of amines using catalytic amounts of alkyl acetals as transient activators (e.g. commercially available (2,2-dimethoxyethoxy)benzene). This simple additive enables arylation of amines with a wide range of aryl iodides. Key structural features of the novel TDG are examined, demonstrating an important role for the masked carbonyl and ether functionalities. Detailed kinetic (RPKA) and mechanistic investigations determine the order in all reagents, and identify cyclopalladation as the turnover limiting step. Finally, the discovery of an unprecedented off-cycle free-amine directed ϵ-cyclopalladation of the arylation product is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahra St John‐Campbell
- Department of ChemistryImperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City CampusWood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Alex K. Ou
- Department of ChemistryImperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City CampusWood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of ChemistryImperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City CampusWood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
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48
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Antermite D, Affron DP, Bull JA. Regio- and Stereoselective Palladium-Catalyzed C(sp3)–H Arylation of Pyrrolidines and Piperidines with C(3) Directing Groups. Org Lett 2018; 20:3948-3952. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Antermite
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic P. Affron
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Tota A, St John-Campbell S, Briggs EL, Estévez GO, Afonso M, Degennaro L, Luisi R, Bull JA. Highly Chemoselective NH- and O-Transfer to Thiols Using Hypervalent Iodine Reagents: Synthesis of Sulfonimidates and Sulfonamides. Org Lett 2018; 20:2599-2602. [PMID: 29652511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Aryl thiols can be selectively converted to sulfonimidates or sulfonamides with three new S-X connections being made selectively in one pot. Using hypervalent iodine reagents in the presence of ammonium carbamate, NH- and O-groups are transferred under mild and practical conditions. Reducing the loading of ammonium carbamate changed the product distribution, converting the sulfonimidate to the sulfonamide. Studies into the possible intermediate species are presented, suggesting that multiple pathways may be possible via sulfinate esters, or related intermediates, with each species forming the same products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Tota
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences , University of Bari , "A. Moro" Via E, Orabona 4 , Bari 70125 , Italy
| | - Sahra St John-Campbell
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , South Kensington , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Edward L Briggs
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , South Kensington , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Gala Ogalla Estévez
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , South Kensington , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Afonso
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , South Kensington , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences , University of Bari , "A. Moro" Via E, Orabona 4 , Bari 70125 , Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences , University of Bari , "A. Moro" Via E, Orabona 4 , Bari 70125 , Italy
| | - James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , South Kensington , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
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Vyšniauskas A, Lopez-Duarte I, Thompson AJ, Bull JA, Kuimova MK. Surface functionalisation with viscosity-sensitive BODIPY molecular rotor. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2018; 6:034001. [PMID: 29611817 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aabb2c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Surface functionalisation with viscosity sensitive dyes termed 'molecular rotors' can potentially open up new opportunities in sensing, for example for non-invasive biological viscosity imaging, in studying the effect of shear stress on lipid membranes and in cells, and in imaging contacts between surfaces upon applied pressure. We have functionalised microscope slides with BODIPY-based molecular rotor capable of viscosity sensing via its fluorescence lifetime. We have optimised functionalisation conditions and prepared the slides with the BODIPY rotor attached directly to the surface of glass slides and through polymer linkers of 5 kDa and 40 kDa in mass. The slides were characterised for their sensitivity to viscosity, and used to measure viscosity of supported lipid bilayers during photooxidation, and of giant unilamellar vesicles lying on the surface of the slide. We conclude that our functionalised slides show promise for a variety of viscosity sensing applications.
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