101
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Lu X, Li Y, Li X, Aisa HA. Luteolin induces apoptosis in vitro through suppressing the MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1993-2000. [PMID: 28789432 PMCID: PMC5530081 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteolin, an active component of traditional Chinese medicine, exhibits potential for anti-tumor proliferation; however, the molecular events occurring in such process and the signal transduction pathways involved are currently unknown. Our group previously reported that luteolin inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in the gastric cancer cell line BGC-823. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism by which the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathways regulate the apoptosis in vitro of BGC-823 cells following treatment with luteolin. It was observed that luteolin induced apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway by increasing the levels of caspase-3, caspase-9 and cytochrome c, and the ratio of B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 associated X protein (Bax) to Bcl-2. Luteolin suppressed the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in the MAPK signaling pathway, as well as suppressing the phosphorylation of AKT, PI3K and mechanistic target of rapamycin in the PI3K signaling pathway. In addition, luteolin combined with LY294002 markedly increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, while when combined with U0126, luteolin had less effects on the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio compared with luteolin treatment alone, suggesting that both the MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways are involved in the apoptosis induced by luteolin. Furthermore, luteolin attenuated the MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways by increasing the expression of specific dual-specificity phosphatases and decreasing the expression of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16 at the messenger RNA level, respectively. Taken together, the present results demonstrate that luteolin is a potential chemotherapeutic agent against gastric cancer by exerting a dual inhibition on the MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
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102
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Yan T, Leng Y, Yang X, Gong Y, Sun H, Wang K, Xu W, Zheng Y, Naren D, Shi R. High-expressing cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator interacts with histone deacetylase 2 to promote the development of Ph+ leukemia through the HDAC2-mediated PTEN pathway. Leuk Res 2017; 57:9-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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103
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Induction of apoptosis and ganoderic acid biosynthesis by cAMP signaling in Ganoderma lucidum. Sci Rep 2017; 7:318. [PMID: 28336949 PMCID: PMC5428012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is an essential physiological process that controls many important biological functions. However, apoptosis signaling in relation to secondary metabolite biosynthesis in plants and fungi remains a mystery. The fungus Ganoderma lucidum is a popular herbal medicine worldwide, but the biosynthetic regulation of its active ingredients (ganoderic acids, GAs) is poorly understood. We investigated the role of 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling in fungal apoptosis and GA biosynthesis in G. lucidum. Two phosphodiesterase inhibitors (caffeine and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, IBMX) and an adenylate cyclase activator (sodium fluoride, NaF) were used to increase intracellular cAMP levels. Fungal apoptosis was identified by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and a condensed nuclear morphology. Our results showed that GA production and fungal apoptosis were induced when the mycelium was treated with NaF, caffeine, or cAMP/IBMX. Downregulation of squalene synthase and lanosterol synthase gene expression by cAMP was detected in the presence of these chemicals, which indicates that these two genes are not critical for GA induction. Transcriptome analysis indicated that mitochondria might play an important role in cAMP-induced apoptosis and GA biosynthesis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to reveal that cAMP signaling induces apoptosis and secondary metabolite production in fungi.
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104
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Contribution of genetic factors to platinum-based chemotherapy sensitivity and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 771:32-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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105
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Pétigny-Lechartier C, Duboc C, Jebahi A, Louis MH, Abeilard E, Denoyelle C, Gauduchon P, Poulain L, Villedieu M. The mTORC1/2 Inhibitor AZD8055 Strengthens the Efficiency of the MEK Inhibitor Trametinib to Reduce the Mcl-1/[Bim and Puma] ratio and to Sensitize Ovarian Carcinoma Cells to ABT-737. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 16:102-115. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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106
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Wang Y, Kuramitsu Y, Baron B, Kitagawa T, Tokuda K, Akada J, Maehara SI, Maehara Y, Nakamura K. PI3K inhibitor LY294002, as opposed to wortmannin, enhances AKT phosphorylation in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:606-612. [PMID: 28000865 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
LY294002 and wortmannin are chemical compounds that act as potent inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks). Both of them are generally used to inhibit cell proliferation as cancer treatment by inhibiting the PI3K/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway. In this study, LY294002 (but not wortmannin) showed an abnormal ability to enhance AKT phosphorylation (at Ser472) specifically in gemcitabine (GEM)-resistant pancreatic cancer (PC) cell lines PK59 and KLM1-R. LY294002 was shown to activate AKT and accumulate phospho-AKT at the intracellular membrane in PK59, which was abolished by treatment with AKTi-1/2 or wortmannin. Inhibiting AKT phosphorylation by treatment with AKTi-1/2 or wortmannin further enhanced LY294002-induced cell death in PK59 and KLM1-R cells. In addition, treatment with wortmannin alone failed to inhibit cell proliferation in both PK59 and KLM1-R cells. Thus, our results reveal that LY294002 displays the opposite effect on PI3K-dependent AKT phosphorylation, which maintains cell survival from the cytotoxicity introduced by LY294002 itself in GEM-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. We suggest that targeting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway with inhibitors may be counterproductive for patients with PC who have acquired GEM-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kuramitsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Byron Baron
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takao Kitagawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tokuda
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Junko Akada
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Maehara
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyusyu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Maehara
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Republic of Malta
| | - Kazuyuki Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
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107
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Shimura T. Targeting the AKT/cyclin D1 pathway to overcome intrinsic and acquired radioresistance of tumors for effective radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 93:381-385. [PMID: 27910734 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1257832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiotherapy (RT) is a powerful tool in the treatment of cancer, having the advantage of preserving normal tissues. Clinical outcomes of RT are significantly improved by technological advances, enabling increased radiation doses directed very specifically to a tumor. However, tumor radioresistance remains a major impediment to effective RT. We have shown that human tumor cells surviving after repeated exposure to fractionated radiation (FR) of X-rays for 1 month have acquired radioresistance through constitutive activation of AKT and downstream cyclin D1 nuclear retention. Tumor radioresistance is also proposed to be an intrinsic characteristic of cancer stem cells (CSC), whose efficient DNA repair is thought to confer this phenotype. We have isolated radioresistant CD133-positive cells following exposure to long-term FR. These cells exhibited the CSC phenotype with activation of the AKT/cyclin D1 pathway. In this review, I summarize our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor radioresistance and propose a strategy for overcoming radioresistance by targeting the AKT/cyclin D1 pathway. CONCLUSION Two different mechanisms: acquired radioresistance of surviving tumor cells after RT and intrinsic radioresistance of CSC are associated with tumor radioresistance. Inhibition of the AKT pathway results in radiosensitization of both types of tumor radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Shimura
- a Department of Environmental Health , National Institute of Public Health , Minami, Wako , Saitama , Japan
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108
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Tran P, Nguyen C, Klempner SJ. Targeting the Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase Pathway in Gastric Cancer: Can Omics Improve Outcomes? Int Neurourol J 2016; 20:S131-140. [PMID: 27915478 PMCID: PMC5169087 DOI: 10.5213/inj.1632740.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway signaling is an established oncogenic signal transduction pathway implicated in multiple malignancies. Therapeutic targeting of PI3K pathway components has improved outcomes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, kidney cancer, breast cancer, and neuroendocrine tumors. Gastric cancers harbor some of the highest rates of oncogenic alterations in PI3K but attempts to translate this genomic observation have met with limited clinical success and novel approaches are needed. In the following review we discuss PI3K signaling, previous preclinical and clinical investigations in gastric cancer, and discuss future strategies aimed at overcoming resistance and improving efficacy. Identification and refinement of molecular tumor subtypes, development of predictive biomarkers along, and rational drug combination strategies are key to capitalizing on the therapeutic potential of PI3K pathway directed therapies in gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phu Tran
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Cham Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Samuel J. Klempner
- The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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109
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Teo CF, El-Karim EG, Wells L. Dissecting PUGNAc-mediated inhibition of the pro-survival action of insulin. Glycobiology 2016; 26:1198-1208. [PMID: 27072814 PMCID: PMC5884396 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies utilizing PUGNAc, the most widely used β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA) inhibitor to increase global O-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) levels, have reported a variety of effects including insulin resistance as a direct result of elevated O-GlcNAc levels. The notion of OGA inhibition causing insulin resistance was not replicated in studies in which elevated global O-GlcNAc levels were achieved using two other OGA inhibitors. Related to insulin action, work by others has suggested that O-GlcNAc elevation may inhibit the anti-apoptotic action of insulin. Thus, we examined the pro-survival action of insulin upon serum deprivation in the presence of PUGNAc as well as two selective OGA inhibitors (GlcNAcstatin-g and Thiamet-G), and a selective lysosomal hexosaminidase inhibitor (INJ2). We established that PUGNAc inhibits the pro-survival action of insulin but this effect is not recapitulated by the selective OGA inhibitors suggesting that elevation in O-GlcNAc levels alone is not responsible for PUGNAc's effect on the anti-apoptotic action of insulin. Further, we demonstrate that a selective hexosaminidase A/B (HexA/B) inhibitor does not impact insulin action suggesting that PUGNAc's effect is not due to inhibition of lysosomal hexosaminidase. Finally, we tested a combination of selective OGA and lysosomal hexosaminidase inhibitors but were not able to recapitulate the inhibition of insulin action generated by PUGNAc alone. These results strongly suggest that the defect in insulin action upon PUGNAc treatment does not derive from its inhibition of OGA or HexA/B, and that there is an unknown target of PUGNAc that is the likely culprit in inhibiting the protective effect of insulin from apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Fen Teo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602-1516, USA
| | - Enas Gad El-Karim
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602-1516, USA
| | - Lance Wells
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602-1516, USA
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110
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Bravo-Adame ME, Vera-Estrella R, Barkla BJ, Martínez-Campos C, Flores-Alcantar A, Ocelotl-Oviedo JP, Pedraza-Alva G, Rosenstein Y. An alternative mode of CD43 signal transduction activates pro-survival pathways of T lymphocytes. Immunology 2016; 150:87-99. [PMID: 27606486 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD43 is one of the most abundant co-stimulatory molecules on a T-cell surface; it transduces activation signals through its cytoplasmic domain, contributing to modulation of the outcome of T-cell responses. The aim of this study was to uncover new signalling pathways regulated by this sialomucin. Analysis of changes in protein abundance allowed us to identify pyruvate kinase isozyme M2 (PKM2), an enzyme of the glycolytic pathway, as an element potentially participating in the signalling cascade resulting from the engagement of CD43 and the T-cell receptor (TCR). We found that the glycolytic activity of this enzyme was not significantly increased in response to TCR+CD43 co-stimulation, but that PKM2 was tyrosine phosphorylated, suggesting that it was performing moonlight functions. We report that phosphorylation of both Y105 of PKM2 and of Y705 of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 was induced in response to TCR+CD43 co-stimulation, resulting in activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (MEK5/ERK5) pathway. ERK5 and the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) were activated, and c-Myc and nuclear factor-κB (p65) nuclear localization, as well as Bad phosphorylation, were augmented. Consistent with this, expression of human CD43 in a murine T-cell hybridoma favoured cell survival. Altogether, our data highlight novel signalling pathways for the CD43 molecule in T lymphocytes, and underscore a role for CD43 in promoting cell survival through non-glycolytic functions of metabolic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Bravo-Adame
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.,Posgrado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, UNAM, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Rosario Vera-Estrella
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Bronwyn J Barkla
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Cecilia Martínez-Campos
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.,Posgrado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, UNAM, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Angel Flores-Alcantar
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Jose Pablo Ocelotl-Oviedo
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Gustavo Pedraza-Alva
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Yvonne Rosenstein
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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111
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Linton MF, Babaev VR, Huang J, Linton EF, Tao H, Yancey PG. Macrophage Apoptosis and Efferocytosis in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. Circ J 2016; 80:2259-2268. [PMID: 27725526 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-16-0924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage apoptosis and the ability of macrophages to clean up dead cells, a process called efferocytosis, are crucial determinants of atherosclerosis lesion progression and plaque stability. Environmental stressors initiate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activate the unfolded protein response (UPR). Unresolved ER stress with activation of the UPR initiates apoptosis. Macrophages are resistant to apoptotic stimuli, because of activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Macrophages express 3 Akt isoforms, Akt1, Akt2 and Akt3, which are products of distinct but homologous genes. Akt displays isoform-specific effects on atherogenesis, which vary with different vascular cell types. Loss of macrophage Akt2 promotes the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype and reduces atherosclerosis. However, Akt isoforms are redundant with regard to apoptosis. c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) is a pro-apoptotic effector of the UPR, and the JNK1 isoform opposes anti-apoptotic Akt signaling. Loss of JNK1 in hematopoietic cells protects macrophages from apoptosis and accelerates early atherosclerosis. IκB kinase α (IKKα, a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family) plays an important role in mTORC2-mediated Akt signaling in macrophages, and IKKα deficiency reduces macrophage survival and suppresses early atherosclerosis. Efferocytosis involves the interaction of receptors, bridging molecules, and apoptotic cell ligands. Scavenger receptor class B type I is a critical mediator of macrophage efferocytosis via the Src/PI3K/Rac1 pathway in atherosclerosis. Agonists that resolve inflammation offer promising therapeutic potential to promote efferocytosis and prevent atherosclerotic clinical events. (Circ J 2016; 80: 2259-2268).
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Affiliation(s)
- MacRae F Linton
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
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112
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Ge X, Chen SY, Liu M, Liang TM, Liu C. Evodiamine inhibits PDGF‑BB‑induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells through the suppression of cell cycle progression and oxidative stress. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4551-4558. [PMID: 27748810 PMCID: PMC5101993 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is a key event in the development of in-stent restenosis. Evodiamine is an indole alkaloid extracted from the Chinese medicine, evodia, and has been shown to inhibit tumor cell proliferation and protect the cardiovascular system. However, whether evodiamine affects VSMC proliferation remains to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study examined the effects and the mechanisms of action of evodiamine on the proliferation of rat VSMCs. The cells were treated with evodiamine alone or in combination with platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) stimulation. It was found that evodiamine inhibited PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, without inducing cell death. Evodiamine also retarded cell cycle progression, evidenced by the suppression of the expression of cell cycle-promoting cyclin proteins and cyclin-dependent kinases. In addition, evodiamine attenuated the PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2, however, it had no effect on the phosphorylation of Akt. Evodiamine also inhibited the increase of reactive oxygen species generation and upregulated the mRNA expression levels of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes. These findings provide important insights into the mechanisms underlying the vasoprotective actions of evodiamine and suggest that it may be a useful therapeutic agent for the treatment of vascular occlusive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Si-Yu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Mei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Ming Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
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113
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Patabadige DEW, Sadeghi J, Kalubowilage M, Bossmann SH, Culbertson AH, Latifi H, Culbertson CT. Integrating Optical Fiber Bridges in Microfluidic Devices to Create Multiple Excitation/Detection Points for Single Cell Analysis. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9920-9925. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Damith E. W. Patabadige
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 1212 Mid-Campus Drive, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Jalal Sadeghi
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 1212 Mid-Campus Drive, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
- Laser
and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran
| | - Madumali Kalubowilage
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 1212 Mid-Campus Drive, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Stefan H. Bossmann
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 1212 Mid-Campus Drive, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Anne H. Culbertson
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 1212 Mid-Campus Drive, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Hamid Latifi
- Laser
and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran
| | - Christopher T. Culbertson
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 1212 Mid-Campus Drive, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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114
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Zhang J, McCullough PA. Lipoic Acid in the Prevention of Acute Kidney Injury. Nephron Clin Pract 2016; 134:133-140. [DOI: 10.1159/000448666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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115
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Bissinger R, Lang E, Ghashghaeinia M, Singh Y, Zelenak C, Fehrenbacher B, Honisch S, Chen H, Fakhri H, Umbach AT, Liu G, Rexhepaj R, Liu G, Schaller M, Mack AF, Lupescu A, Birnbaumer L, Lang F, Qadri SM. Blunted apoptosis of erythrocytes in mice deficient in the heterotrimeric G-protein subunit Gαi2. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30925. [PMID: 27499046 PMCID: PMC4976336 DOI: 10.1038/srep30925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Putative functions of the heterotrimeric G-protein subunit Gαi2-dependent signaling include ion channel regulation, cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. Erythrocytes may, similar to apoptosis of nucleated cells, undergo eryptosis, characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure. Eryptosis may be triggered by increased cytosolic Ca2+ activity and ceramide. In the present study, we show that Gαi2 is expressed in both murine and human erythrocytes and further examined the survival of erythrocytes drawn from Gαi2-deficient mice (Gαi2−/−) and corresponding wild-type mice (Gαi2+/+). Our data show that plasma erythropoietin levels, erythrocyte maturation markers, erythrocyte counts, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration were similar in Gαi2−/− and Gαi2+/+ mice but the mean corpuscular volume was significantly larger in Gαi2−/− mice. Spontaneous PS exposure of circulating Gαi2−/− erythrocytes was significantly lower than that of circulating Gαi2+/+ erythrocytes. PS exposure was significantly lower in Gαi2−/− than in Gαi2+/+ erythrocytes following ex vivo exposure to hyperosmotic shock, bacterial sphingomyelinase or C6 ceramide. Erythrocyte Gαi2 deficiency further attenuated hyperosmotic shock-induced increase of cytosolic Ca2+ activity and cell shrinkage. Moreover, Gαi2−/− erythrocytes were more resistant to osmosensitive hemolysis as compared to Gαi2+/+ erythrocytes. In conclusion, Gαi2 deficiency in erythrocytes confers partial protection against suicidal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosi Bissinger
- Institute of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Mehrdad Ghashghaeinia
- Institute of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Institute of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christine Zelenak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sabina Honisch
- Institute of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hong Chen
- Institute of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hajar Fakhri
- Institute of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anja T Umbach
- Institute of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Guilai Liu
- Institute of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rexhep Rexhepaj
- Institute of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Guoxing Liu
- Institute of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Adrian Lupescu
- Institute of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Florian Lang
- Institute of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Syed M Qadri
- Institute of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Germany.,Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Ghrelin attenuates brain injury in septic mice via PI3K/Akt signaling activation. Brain Res Bull 2016; 124:278-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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117
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Babaev VR, Yeung M, Erbay E, Ding L, Zhang Y, May JM, Fazio S, Hotamisligil GS, Linton MF. Jnk1 Deficiency in Hematopoietic Cells Suppresses Macrophage Apoptosis and Increases Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Null Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1122-31. [PMID: 27102962 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK) are regulated by a wide variety of cellular stresses and have been implicated in apoptotic signaling. Macrophages express 2 JNK isoforms, JNK1 and JNK2, which may have different effects on cell survival and atherosclerosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS To dissect the effect of macrophage JNK1 and JNK2 on early atherosclerosis, Ldlr(-/-) mice were reconstituted with wild-type, Jnk1(-/-), and Jnk2(-/-) hematopoietic cells and fed a high cholesterol diet. Jnk1(-/-)→Ldlr(-/-) mice have larger atherosclerotic lesions with more macrophages and fewer apoptotic cells than mice transplanted with wild-type or Jnk2(-/-) cells. Moreover, genetic ablation of JNK to a single allele (Jnk1(+/-)/Jnk2(-/-) or Jnk1(-/-)/Jnk2(+/-)) in marrow of Ldlr(-/-) recipients further increased atherosclerosis compared with Jnk1(-/-)→Ldlr(-/-) and wild-type→Ldlr(-/-) mice. In mouse macrophages, anisomycin-mediated JNK signaling antagonized Akt activity, and loss of Jnk1 gene obliterated this effect. Similarly, pharmacological inhibition of JNK1, but not JNK2, markedly reduced the antagonizing effect of JNK on Akt activity. Prolonged JNK signaling in the setting of endoplasmic reticulum stress gradually extinguished Akt and Bad activity in wild-type cells with markedly less effects in Jnk1(-/-) macrophages, which were also more resistant to apoptosis. Consequently, anisomycin increased and JNK1 inhibitors suppressed endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in macrophages. We also found that genetic and pharmacological inhibition of phosphatase and tensin homolog abolished the JNK-mediated effects on Akt activity, indicating that phosphatase and tensin homolog mediates crosstalk between these pathways. CONCLUSIONS Loss of Jnk1, but not Jnk2, in macrophages protects them from apoptosis, increasing cell survival, and this accelerates early atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir R Babaev
- From the Departments of Medicine (V.R.B., M.Y., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (E.E.); Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.); and Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases & Sabri Ulker Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (G.S.H.).
| | - Michele Yeung
- From the Departments of Medicine (V.R.B., M.Y., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (E.E.); Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.); and Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases & Sabri Ulker Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (G.S.H.)
| | - Ebru Erbay
- From the Departments of Medicine (V.R.B., M.Y., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (E.E.); Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.); and Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases & Sabri Ulker Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (G.S.H.)
| | - Lei Ding
- From the Departments of Medicine (V.R.B., M.Y., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (E.E.); Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.); and Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases & Sabri Ulker Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (G.S.H.)
| | - Youmin Zhang
- From the Departments of Medicine (V.R.B., M.Y., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (E.E.); Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.); and Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases & Sabri Ulker Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (G.S.H.)
| | - James M May
- From the Departments of Medicine (V.R.B., M.Y., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (E.E.); Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.); and Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases & Sabri Ulker Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (G.S.H.)
| | - Sergio Fazio
- From the Departments of Medicine (V.R.B., M.Y., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (E.E.); Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.); and Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases & Sabri Ulker Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (G.S.H.)
| | - Gökhan S Hotamisligil
- From the Departments of Medicine (V.R.B., M.Y., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (E.E.); Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.); and Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases & Sabri Ulker Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (G.S.H.)
| | - MacRae F Linton
- From the Departments of Medicine (V.R.B., M.Y., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey (E.E.); Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.); and Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases & Sabri Ulker Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (G.S.H.).
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118
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Josephs DH, Sarker D. Pharmacodynamic Biomarker Development for PI3K Pathway Therapeutics. TRANSLATIONAL ONCOGENOMICS 2016; 7:33-49. [PMID: 26917948 PMCID: PMC4762492 DOI: 10.4137/tog.s30529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway is integral to many essential cell processes, including cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, motility, and metabolism. Somatic mutations and genetic amplifications that result in activation of the pathway are frequently detected in cancer. This has led to the development of rationally designed therapeutics targeting key members of the pathway. Critical to the successful development of these drugs are pharmacodynamic biomarkers that aim to define the degree of target and pathway inhibition. In this review, we discuss the pharmacodynamic biomarkers that have been utilized in early-phase clinical trials of PI3K pathway inhibitors. We focus on the challenges related to development and interpretation of these assays, their optimal integration with pharmacokinetic and predictive biomarkers, and future strategies to ensure successful development of PI3K pathway inhibitors within a personalized medicine paradigm for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra H Josephs
- Department of Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Debashis Sarker
- Department of Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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119
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Babaev VR, Ding L, Zhang Y, May JM, Lin PC, Fazio S, Linton MF. Macrophage IKKα Deficiency Suppresses Akt Phosphorylation, Reduces Cell Survival, and Decreases Early Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:598-607. [PMID: 26848161 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The IκB kinase (IKK) is an enzyme complex that initiates the nuclear factor κB transcription factor cascade, which is important in regulating multiple cellular responses. IKKα is directly associated with 2 major prosurvival pathways, PI3K/Akt and nuclear factor κB, but its role in cell survival is not clear. Macrophages play critical roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, yet the impact of IKKα signaling on macrophage survival and atherogenesis remains unclear. APPROACH AND RESULTS Here, we demonstrate that genetic IKKα deficiency, as well as pharmacological inhibition of IKK, in mouse macrophages significantly reduces Akt S(473) phosphorylation, which is accompanied by suppression of mTOR complex 2 signaling. Moreover, IKKα null macrophages treated with lipotoxic palmitic acid exhibited early exhaustion of Akt signaling compared with wild-type cells. This was accompanied by a dramatic decrease in the resistance of IKKα(-/-) monocytes and macrophages to different proapoptotic stimuli compared with wild-type cells. In vivo, IKKα deficiency increased macrophage apoptosis in atherosclerotic lesions and decreased early atherosclerosis in both female and male low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)(-/-) mice reconstituted with IKKα(-/-) hematopoietic cells and fed with the Western diet for 8 weeks compared with control LDLR(-/-) mice transplanted with wild-type cells. CONCLUSIONS Hematopoietic IKKα deficiency in mouse suppresses Akt signaling, compromising monocyte/macrophage survival and this decreases early atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir R Babaev
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine (V.R.B., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.R.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.R.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD (P.C.L.); and Department of Medicine, Center of Preventive Cardiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.).
| | - Lei Ding
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine (V.R.B., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.R.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.R.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD (P.C.L.); and Department of Medicine, Center of Preventive Cardiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.)
| | - Youmin Zhang
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine (V.R.B., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.R.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.R.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD (P.C.L.); and Department of Medicine, Center of Preventive Cardiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.)
| | - James M May
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine (V.R.B., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.R.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.R.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD (P.C.L.); and Department of Medicine, Center of Preventive Cardiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.)
| | - P Charles Lin
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine (V.R.B., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.R.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.R.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD (P.C.L.); and Department of Medicine, Center of Preventive Cardiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.)
| | - Sergio Fazio
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine (V.R.B., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.R.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.R.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD (P.C.L.); and Department of Medicine, Center of Preventive Cardiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.)
| | - MacRae F Linton
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine (V.R.B., L.D., Y.Z., J.M.M., M.R.F.L.) and Pharmacology (M.R.F.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD (P.C.L.); and Department of Medicine, Center of Preventive Cardiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR (S.F.)
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120
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Endothelium-Independent Hypoxic Contraction Is Prevented Specifically by Nitroglycerin via Inhibition of Akt Kinase in Porcine Coronary Artery. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:2916017. [PMID: 26839558 PMCID: PMC4709768 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2916017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Hypoxia-induced sustained contraction of porcine coronary artery is endothelium-independent and mediated by PI3K/Akt/Rho kinase. Nitroglycerin (NTG) is a vasodilator used to treat angina pectoris and acute heart failure. The present study was to determine the role of NTG in hypoxia-induced endothelium-independent contraction and the underlying mechanism. Methods and Results. Organ chamber technique was used to measure the isometric vessel tension of isolated porcine coronary arteries. Protein levels of phosphorylated and total Akt were determined by western blot. A sustained contraction of porcine coronary arteries induced by hypoxia was significantly reduced by NTG but not by isoproterenol. This contraction was also inhibited by DETA NONOate, 8-Br-cGMP, which can be reversed by ODQ, and Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS. The restored contraction was blocked by LY294002. The reduction of Akt-p at Ser-473 by NTG, DETA NONOate, and 8-Br-cGMP was significantly inhibited by ODQ, PKG-I. The decrease in Akt-p level by NTG and 8-Br-cGMP was prevented by calyculin A but not by okadaic acid. Conclusions. These results demonstrated that the endothelium-independent sustained hypoxic vasoconstriction can be prevented by NTG and that the inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway may be involved.
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121
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Palma S, Zwenger AO, Croce MV, Abba MC, Lacunza E. From Molecular Biology to Clinical Trials: Toward Personalized Colorectal Cancer Therapy. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2015; 15:104-15. [PMID: 26777471 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
During the past years, molecular studies through high-throughput technologies have led to the confirmation of critical alterations in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the discovery of some new ones, including mutations, DNA methylations, and structural chromosomal changes. These genomic alterations might act in concert to dysregulate specific signaling pathways that normally exert their functions on critical cell phenotypes, including the regulation of cellular metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Targeted therapy against key components of altered signaling pathways has allowed an improvement in CRC treatment. However, a significant percentage of patients with CRC and metastatic CRC will not benefit from these targeted therapies and will be restricted to systemic chemotherapy. Mechanisms of resistance have been associated with specific gene alterations. To fully understand the nature and significance of the genetic and epigenetic defects in CRC that might favor a tumor evading a given therapy, much work remains. Therefore, a dynamic link between basic molecular research and preclinical studies, which ultimately constitute the prelude to standardized therapies, is very important to provide better and more effective treatments against CRC. We present an updated revision of the main molecular features of CRC and their associated therapies currently under study in clinical trials. Moreover, we performed an unsupervised classification of CRC clinical trials with the aim of obtaining an overview of the future perspectives of preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Palma
- CINIBA, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ariel O Zwenger
- Servicio de Oncología, Hospital Provincial Neuquén, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - María V Croce
- CINIBA, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Martín C Abba
- CINIBA, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Lacunza
- CINIBA, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
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Pérez-Ramírez C, Cañadas-Garre M, Molina MÁ, Faus-Dáder MJ, Calleja-Hernández MÁ. PTEN and PI3K/AKT in non-small-cell lung cancer. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:1843-62. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. In the last years, the identification of activating EGFR mutations, conferring increased sensitivity and disease response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, has changed the prospect of NSCLC patients. The PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway regulates multiple cellular functions, including cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, survival, motility, invasion and intracellular trafficking. Alterations in this pathway, mainly PTEN inactivation, have been associated with resistance to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy and lower survival in NSCLC patients. In this review, we will briefly discuss the main PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway alterations found in NSCLC, as well as the cell processes regulated by PTEN/PI3K/AKT leading to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pérez-Ramírez
- Pharmacogenetics Unit. UGC Provincial de Farmacia de Granada. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada. Avda. Fuerzas Armadas, 2. 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry. Faculty of Pharmacy. University of Granada Campus Universitario de Cartuja, s/n. 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Marisa Cañadas-Garre
- Pharmacogenetics Unit. UGC Provincial de Farmacia de Granada. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada. Avda. Fuerzas Armadas, 2. 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Molina
- PANGAEA BIOTECH, S.L. Hospital Universitario Quirón Dexeus. C/Sabino Arana, 5-19. 08028 Barcelona
| | - María José Faus-Dáder
- Department of Biochemistry. Faculty of Pharmacy. University of Granada Campus Universitario de Cartuja, s/n. 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Calleja-Hernández
- Pharmacogenetics Unit. UGC Provincial de Farmacia de Granada. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada. Avda. Fuerzas Armadas, 2. 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology. Faculty of Pharmacy. University of Granada. Campus Universitario de Cartuja, s/n. 18071 Granada, Spain
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Wang YH, Scadden DT. Harnessing the apoptotic programs in cancer stem-like cells. EMBO Rep 2015; 16:1084-98. [PMID: 26253117 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201439675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Elimination of malignant cells is an unmet challenge for most human cancer types even with therapies targeting specific driver mutations. Therefore, a multi-pronged strategy to alter cancer cell biology on multiple levels is increasingly recognized as essential for cancer cure. One such aspect of cancer cell biology is the relative apoptosis resistance of tumor-initiating cells. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanisms affecting the apoptotic process in tumor cells emphasizing the differences in the tumor-initiating or stem-like cells of cancer. Further, we summarize efforts to exploit these differences to design therapies targeting that important cancer cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hua Wang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David T Scadden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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124
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Vantler M, Jesus J, Leppänen O, Scherner M, Berghausen EM, Mustafov L, Chen X, Kramer T, Zierden M, Gerhardt M, ten Freyhaus H, Blaschke F, Sterner-Kock A, Baldus S, Zhao JJ, Rosenkranz S. Class IA Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Isoform p110α Mediates Vascular Remodeling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1434-44. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Neointima formation after vascular injury remains a significant problem in clinical cardiology, and current preventive strategies are suboptimal. Phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase is a central downstream mediator of growth factor signaling, but the role of phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase isoforms in vascular remodeling remains elusive. We sought to systematically characterize the precise role of catalytic class IA phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase isoforms (p110α, p110β, p110δ), which signal downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases, for vascular remodeling in vivo.
Approach and Results—
Western blot analyses revealed that all 3 isoforms are abundantly expressed in smooth muscle cells. To analyze their significance for receptor tyrosine kinases–dependent cellular responses, we used targeted gene knockdown and isoform-specific small molecule inhibitors of p110α (PIK-75), p110β (TGX-221), and p110δ (IC-87114), respectively. We identified p110α to be crucial for receptor tyrosine kinases signaling, thus affecting proliferation, migration, and survival of rat, murine, and human smooth muscle cells, whereas p110β and p110δ activities were dispensable. Surprisingly, p110δ exerted noncatalytic functions in smooth muscle cell proliferation, but had no effect on migration. Based on these results, we generated a mouse model of smooth muscle cell–specific p110α deficiency (sm-p110α
−/−
). Targeted deletion of p110α in sm-p110α
−/−
mice blunted growth factor–induced cellular responses and abolished neointima formation after balloon injury of the carotid artery in mice. In contrast, p110δ deficiency did not affect vascular remodeling in vivo.
Conclusions—
Receptor tyrosine kinases–induced phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase signaling via the p110α isoform plays a central role for vascular remodeling in vivo. Thus, p110α represents a selective target for the prevention of neointima formation after vascular injury, whereas p110β and p110δ expression and activity do not play a significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Vantler
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for R&D, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden (O.L.); Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.S.); Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC),
| | - Joana Jesus
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for R&D, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden (O.L.); Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.S.); Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC),
| | - Olli Leppänen
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for R&D, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden (O.L.); Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.S.); Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC),
| | - Maximilian Scherner
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for R&D, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden (O.L.); Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.S.); Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC),
| | - Eva Maria Berghausen
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for R&D, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden (O.L.); Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.S.); Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC),
| | - Lenard Mustafov
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for R&D, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden (O.L.); Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.S.); Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC),
| | - Xin Chen
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for R&D, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden (O.L.); Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.S.); Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC),
| | - Tilmann Kramer
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for R&D, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden (O.L.); Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.S.); Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC),
| | - Mario Zierden
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for R&D, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden (O.L.); Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.S.); Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC),
| | - Maximilian Gerhardt
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for R&D, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden (O.L.); Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.S.); Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC),
| | - Henrik ten Freyhaus
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for R&D, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden (O.L.); Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.S.); Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC),
| | - Florian Blaschke
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for R&D, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden (O.L.); Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.S.); Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC),
| | - Anja Sterner-Kock
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for R&D, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden (O.L.); Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.S.); Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC),
| | - Stephan Baldus
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for R&D, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden (O.L.); Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.S.); Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC),
| | - Jean J. Zhao
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for R&D, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden (O.L.); Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.S.); Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC),
| | - Stephan Rosenkranz
- From the Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.V., J.J., E.M.B., L.M., X.C., T.K., M.Z., M.G., H.t.F., S.B., S.R.); Center for R&D, Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden (O.L.); Klinik für Herz- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M.S.); Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC),
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Paul-Samojedny M, Pudełko A, Kowalczyk M, Fila-Daniłow A, Suchanek-Raif R, Borkowska P, Kowalski J. Knockdown of AKT3 and PI3KCA by RNA interference changes the expression of the genes that are related to apoptosis and autophagy in T98G glioblastoma multiforme cells. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:1115-23. [PMID: 26481529 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant and invasive human brain tumor and it is characterized by a poor prognosis and short survival time. The PI3K/AKT/PTEN signaling pathway plays a crucial role in GBM development and it is connected with the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy. Akt is involved in various aspects of cancer cell biology such as cell survival, in addition to both apoptosis and autophagy. The current study was undertaken to examine the effect of the siRNAs that target AKT3 and PI3KCA genes on the apoptosis and autophagy of T98G cells. METHODS T98G cells were transfected with AKT3 and/or PI3KCA siRNAs. Alterations in the mRNA expression of apoptosis- and autophagy-related genes were analyzed using QRT-PCR. LC3IIA protein-positive cells were identified using flow cytometry with specific antibodies. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate for the first time that the siRNAs that target AKT3 and PI3KCA change the expression of the genes that are related to apoptosis and autophagy and change the expression of the LC3IIA protein in T98G cells. CONCLUSIONS Thus, there is a high probability that the knockdown of these genes induces apoptosis and autophagy in T98G cells, but further studies are necessary in order to clarify and check whether autophagy induction is a positive phenomenon for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Paul-Samojedny
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Adam Pudełko
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics in Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kowalczyk
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Fila-Daniłow
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Renata Suchanek-Raif
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Paulina Borkowska
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jan Kowalski
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Evaluation of the medicinal herb Graptopetalum paraguayense as a treatment for liver cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121298. [PMID: 25849560 PMCID: PMC4388720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common malignancy and the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Sorafenib is the only drug for patients with advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that has been shown to confer a survival benefit to patients with HCC; however, it has many side effects. Thus, alternate therapeutic strategies with improved safety and therapeutic efficacy for the management of HCC should be developed. Methods and Findings We demonstrate that an extract of Graptopetalum paraguayense (GP) down-regulated the expression levels of several onco-proteins, including AURKA, AURKB, and FLJ10540, in HCC cells. To isolate the active components in the GP extracts, we prepared extracts fractions and assessed their effects on the expression of onco-proteins in HCC cells. The fraction designated HH-F3 was enriched in active ingredients, exhibited cytotoxic effects, and suppressed the expression of the onco-proteins in HCC cells. The structure of the main active compound in HH-F3 was found to be similar to that of the proanthocyanidin compounds derived from Rhodiola rosea. In addition, a distinct new compound rich in 3, 4, 5-trihydroxy benzylic moieties was identified in the HH-F3 preparations. Mechanistic studies indicated that HH-F3 induced apoptosis in HCC cells by promoting the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and the production of reactive oxygen species. HH-F3 also enhanced PTEN expression and decreased AKT phosphorylation at Ser473 in a concentration-dependent manner in HCC cells. Moreover combination of GP or HH-F3 and sorafenib synergistically inhibits the proliferation of Huh7 cells. The treatment of a rat model with diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver cancer with extracts of GP and HH-F3 decreased hepatic collagen contents and inhibited tumor growth. Conclusions These results indicate that GP extracts and HH-F3 can protect the liver by suppressing tumor growth; consequently, these compounds could be considered for the treatment of HCC.
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Icariin Prevents Amyloid Beta-Induced Apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt Pathway in PC-12 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:235265. [PMID: 25705234 PMCID: PMC4326344 DOI: 10.1155/2015/235265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Icariin is a prenylated flavonol glycoside derived from the Chinese herb Epimedium sagittatum that exerts a variety of pharmacological activities and shows promise in the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of icariin against amyloid beta protein fragment 25–35 (Aβ25–35) induced neurotoxicity in cultured rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells and explored potential underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that icariin dose-dependently increased cell viability and decreased Aβ25–35-induced apoptosis, as assessed by MTT assay and Annexin V/propidium iodide staining, respectively. Results of western blot analysis revealed that the selective phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 suppressed icariin-induced Akt phosphorylation, suggesting that the protective effects of icariin are associated with activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. LY294002 also blocked the icariin-induced downregulation of proapoptotic factors Bax and caspase-3 and upregulation of antiapoptotic factor Bcl-2 in Aβ25–35-treated PC12 cells. These findings provide further evidence for the clinical efficacy of icariin in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Takahashi A, Inoue H, Mishima K, Ide F, Nakayama R, Hasaka A, Ryo K, Ito Y, Sakurai T, Hasegawa Y, Saito I. Evaluation of the effects of quercetin on damaged salivary secretion. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116008. [PMID: 25629520 PMCID: PMC4309588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aim of discovering an effective method to treat dry mouth, we analyzed the effects of quercetin on salivary secretion and its mechanism of action. We created a mouse model with impaired salivary secretion by exposure to radiation and found that impaired secretion is suppressed by quercetin intake. Moreover, secretion levels were enhanced in quercetin-fed normal mice. To elucidate the mechanisms of these effects on salivary secretion, we conducted an analysis using mouse submandibular gland tissues, a human salivary gland epithelial cell line (HSY), and mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAECs). The results showed that quercetin augments aquaporin 5 (AQP5) expression and calcium uptake, and suppresses oxidative stress and inflammatory responses induced by radiation exposure, suggesting that quercetin intake may be an effective method to treat impaired salivary secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroko Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenji Mishima
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumio Ide
- Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryoko Nakayama
- Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ayaka Hasaka
- Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koufuchi Ryo
- Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yumi Ito
- Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakurai
- Department of Radiopraxis Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Department of Human Genome Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ichiro Saito
- Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Papadatos-Pastos D, Rabbie R, Ross P, Sarker D. The role of the PI3K pathway in colorectal cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 94:18-30. [PMID: 25591826 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC) has evolved with the addition of contemporary chemotherapy drugs and targeted therapies. Despite this progress, our drug armamentarium is by no means complete and modern molecular biology techniques have led to the identification of a number of 'druggable' targets. One of the most important current drug targets is the phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, which is frequently deregulated in patients with CRC. In vitro and in vivo data strongly support the clinical development of compounds affecting signal transduction via the PI3K pathway. In this review we outline the role of PI3K in the development and progression of CRC and discuss data from current and ongoing clinical trials targeting this pathway. In addition we make suggestions toward the optimization of future research in order to derive the maximum benefit for patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roy Rabbie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Paul Ross
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Debashis Sarker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, UK.
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Paul-Samojedny M, Pudełko A, Suchanek-Raif R, Kowalczyk M, Fila-Daniłow A, Borkowska P, Kowalski J. Knockdown of the AKT3 (PKBγ), PI3KCA, and VEGFR2 genes by RNA interference suppresses glioblastoma multiforme T98G cells invasiveness in vitro. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:3263-77. [PMID: 25501707 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2955-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain malignancy, having a very poor prognosis and is characterized by extensive brain invasion as well as resistance to the therapy. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/PTEN signaling pathway is deregulated in GBM. Besides, florid vascularization and aberrantly elevated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) occur very often. The present study was designed to examine the inhibitory effect of AKT3, PI3KCA, and VEGFR2 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) on GBM cell invasiveness. T98G cells were transfected with AKT3, PI3KCA, and/or VEGFR2 siRNAs. VEGFR2 protein-positive cells were identified by flow cytometry using specific monoclonal anti-VEGFR2 antibodies. Alterations in messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of VEGF, VEGFR2, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) (MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13, MMP-14), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) (TIMP-1, TIMP-3), c-Fos, c-Jun, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), ObRa, and cathepsin D genes were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Cells treated with specific siRNA were also analyzed for invasion using the Matrigel invasion assay. We have found significantly lower mRNA levels of MMPs, cathepsin D, VEGF, VEGFR2, HIF-1α, and c-Fos/c-Jun ratio, as well as significantly higher mRNA level of TIMPs in AKT3 and PI3KCA siRNA transfected cells compared to untransfected cells, while significantly lower mRNA levels of MMPs (MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-14) and TIMP-1, as well as significantly higher mRNA level of TIMP-3, were shown only in cells transfected with VEGFR2 siRNA. The positive correlation between MMP-13 and ObRa mRNA copy number has been found. Summarizing, transfection of T98G cells with AKT3, PI3KCA, or VEGFR2 siRNAs leads to a significant reduction in cell invasiveness. The siRNA-induced AKT3, PI3KCA, and VEGFR2 mRNA knockdown may offer a novel therapeutic strategy to reduce the invasiveness of GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Paul-Samojedny
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jednosci 8 Street, 41-200, Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland,
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Moc C, Taylor AE, Chesini GP, Zambrano CM, Barlow MS, Zhang X, Gustafsson ÅB, Purcell NH. Physiological activation of Akt by PHLPP1 deletion protects against pathological hypertrophy. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 105:160-70. [PMID: 25411382 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To examine the role of physiological Akt signalling in pathological hypertrophy through analysis of PHLPP1 (PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase) knock-out (KO) mice. METHODS AND RESULTS To investigate the in vivo requirement for 'physiological' control of Akt activation in cardiac growth, we examined the effect of deleting the Akt phosphatase, PHLPP, on the induction of cardiac hypertrophy. Basal Akt phosphorylation increased nearly two-fold in the cardiomyocytes from PHLPP1 KO mice and physiological hypertrophy induced by swimming exercise was accentuated as assessed by increased heart size and myocyte cell area. In contrast, the development of pathophysiological hypertrophy induced by pressure overload and assessed by increases in heart size, myocyte cell area, and hypertrophic gene expression was attenuated. This attenuation coincided with decreased fibrosis and cell death in the KO mice. Cast moulding revealed increased capillary density basally in the KO hearts, which was further elevated relative to wild-type mouse hearts in response to pressure overload. In vitro studies with isolated myocytes in co-culture also demonstrated that PHLPP1 deletion in cardiomyocytes can enhance endothelial tube formation. Expression of the pro-angiogenic factor VEGF was also elevated basally and accentuated in response to transverse aortic constriction in hearts from KO mice. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that enhancing Akt activity by inhibiting its PHLPP1-mediated dephosphorylation promotes processes associated with physiological hypertrophy that may be beneficial in attenuating the development of pathological hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Moc
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0636, USA
| | - Amy E Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0636, USA
| | - Gino P Chesini
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0636, USA
| | - Cristina M Zambrano
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0636, USA
| | - Melissa S Barlow
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0636, USA
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Åsa B Gustafsson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicole H Purcell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0636, USA
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Cross Regulation Between cGMP-dependent Protein Kinase and Akt in Vasodilatation of Porcine Pulmonary Artery. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2014; 64:452-9. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Houel-Renault L, Philippe L, Piquemal M, Ciapa B. Autophagy is used as a survival program in unfertilized sea urchin eggs that are destined to die by apoptosis after inactivation of MAPK1/3 (ERK2/1). Autophagy 2014; 9:1527-39. [DOI: 10.4161/auto.25712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Iablokov V, Hirota CL, Peplowski MA, Ramachandran R, Mihara K, Hollenberg MD, MacNaughton WK. Proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) decreases apoptosis in colonic epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:34366-77. [PMID: 25331954 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.610485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal biopsies from inflamed colon of inflammatory bowel disease patients exhibit elevated epithelial apoptosis compared with those from healthy individuals, disrupting mucosal homeostasis and perpetuating disease. Therapies that decrease intestinal epithelial apoptosis may, therefore, ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease, but treatments that specifically target apoptotic pathways are lacking. Proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR2), a G protein-coupled receptor activated by trypsin-like serine proteinases, is expressed on intestinal epithelial cells and stimulates mitogenic pathways upon activation. We sought to determine whether PAR2 activation and signaling could rescue colonic epithelial (HT-29) cells from apoptosis induced by proapoptotic cytokines that are increased during inflammatory bowel disease. The PAR2 agonists 2-furoyl-LIGRLO (2f-LI), SLIGKV and trypsin all significantly reduced cleavage of caspase-3, -8, and -9, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and the externalization of phosphatidylserine after treatment of cells with IFN-γ and TNF-α. Knockdown of PAR2 with siRNA eliminated the anti-apoptotic effect of 2f-LI and increased the sensitivity of HT-29 cells to cytokine-induced apoptosis. Concurrent inhibition of both MEK1/2 and PI3K was necessary to inhibit PAR2-induced survival. 2f-LI was found to increase phosphorylation and inactivation of pro-apoptotic BAD at Ser(112) and Ser(136) by MEK1/2 and PI3K-dependent signaling, respectively. PAR2 activation also increased the expression of anti-apoptotic MCL-1. Simultaneous knockdown of both BAD and MCL-1 had minimal effects on PAR2-induced survival, whereas single knockdown had no effect. We conclude that PAR2 activation reduces cytokine-induced epithelial apoptosis via concurrent stimulation of MEK1/2 and PI3K but little involvement of MCL-1 and BAD. Our findings represent a novel mechanism whereby serine proteinases facilitate epithelial cell survival and may be important in the context of colonic healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Iablokov
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, the Inflammation Research Network, and the Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Christina L Hirota
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, the Inflammation Research Network, and the Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Michael A Peplowski
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, the Inflammation Research Network, and the Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Rithwik Ramachandran
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, the Inflammation Research Network, and the Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Koichiro Mihara
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, the Inflammation Research Network, and the Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Morley D Hollenberg
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, the Inflammation Research Network, and the Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Wallace K MacNaughton
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, the Inflammation Research Network, and the Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
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135
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The inhibitory effect of PIK-75 on inflammatory mediator response induced by hydrogen peroxide in feline esophageal epithelial cells. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:178049. [PMID: 25276052 PMCID: PMC4170708 DOI: 10.1155/2014/178049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoform-selective inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activation have an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing proinflammatory cytokines. Cultured feline esophageal epithelial cells (EEC) of passages 3~4 were treated with hydrogen peroxide and PIK-75. The cell viability was measured by a MTT incorporation assay. The distribution of PI3K isoforms, p-Akt, IL-1β, and IL-8 was inferred from Western blots. The release of IL-6 was determined by ELISA. The cell morphology was not considerably different from nontreated cells if the cells were pretreated with PIK-75 and treated with 300 μM hydrogen peroxide. The density of p110α of PI3K was increased, but that of other types was not affected after the treatment with hydrogen peroxide. The density of p-Akt, when the cells were exposed to PIK-75 and hydrogen peroxide, was diminished dose dependently more than that of hydrogen peroxide treatment only. The decrease of p-Akt showed an inhibition of PI3K by PIK-75. PIK-75 dose dependently reduced the expression of IL-1β, IL-8, and the level of IL-6 compared with hydrogen peroxide treatment only. These results suggest evidence that p110α mediates esophageal inflammation and that PIK-75 has an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing proinflammatory cytokines on feline esophageal epithelial cultured cells.
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136
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Zeng M, van der Donk WA, Chen J. Lanthionine synthetase C-like protein 2 (LanCL2) is a novel regulator of Akt. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:3954-61. [PMID: 25273559 PMCID: PMC4244203 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-01-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine protein kinase Akt controls a wide range of biochemical and cellular processes under the modulation of a variety of regulators. In this study, we identify the lanthionine synthetase C-like 2 (LanCL2) protein as a positive regulator of Akt activation in human liver cells. LanCL2 knockdown dampens serum- and insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation, whereas LanCL2 overexpression enhances these processes. Neither insulin receptor phosphorylation nor the interaction between insulin receptor substrate and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is affected by LanCL2 knockdown. LanCL2 also does not function through PP2A, a phosphatase of Akt. Instead, LanCL2 directly interacts with Akt, with a preference for inactive Akt. Moreover, we show that LanCL2 also binds to the Akt kinase mTORC2, but not phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1. Whereas LanCL2 is not required for the Akt-mTORC2 interaction, recombinant LanCL2 enhances Akt phosphorylation by target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) in vitro. Finally, consistent with a function of Akt in regulating cell survival, LanCL2 knockdown increases the rate of apoptosis, which is reversed by the expression of a constitutively active Akt. Taken together, our findings reveal LanCL2 as a novel regulator of Akt and suggest that LanCL2 facilitates optimal phosphorylation of Akt by mTORC2 via direct physical interactions with both the kinase and the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zeng
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Wilfred A van der Donk
- Department of Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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137
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Phosphoinositide 3-kinase β mediates microvascular endothelial repair of thrombotic microangiopathy. Blood 2014; 124:2142-9. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-02-557975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
Endothelial PI3Kβ is not required in the quiescent vasculature, but PI3Kβ loss confers sensitivity for thrombotic microangiopathy. PI3Kβ activity is required for endothelial angiogenic differentiation and microvascular repair.
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138
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Pilchova I, Klacanova K, Chomova M, Tatarkova Z, Dobrota D, Racay P. Possible Contribution of Proteins of Bcl-2 Family in Neuronal Death Following Transient Global Brain Ischemia. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 35:23-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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139
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Plasticity versus specificity in RTK signalling modalities for distinct biological outcomes in motor neurons. BMC Biol 2014; 12:56. [PMID: 25124859 PMCID: PMC4169644 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-014-0056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple growth factors are known to control several aspects of neuronal biology, consecutively acting as morphogens to diversify neuronal fates, as guidance cues for axonal growth, and as modulators of survival or death to regulate neuronal numbers. The multiplicity of neuronal types is permitted by the combinatorial usage of growth factor receptors, each of which is expressed in distinct and overlapping subsets of neurons, and by the multitasking role of growth factor receptors, which recruit multiple signalling cascades differentially required for distinct biological outcomes. We have explored signalling robustness in cells where a given receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) elicits qualitatively distinct outcomes. As the HGF/Met system regulates several biological responses in motor neurons (MN) during neuromuscular development, we have investigated the signalling modalities through which the HGF/Met system impacts on MN biology, and the degree of robustness of each of these functions, when challenged with substitutions of signalling pathways. RESULTS Using a set of mouse lines carrying signalling mutations that change the Met phosphotyrosine binding preferences, we have asked whether distinct functions of Met in several MN subtypes require specific signalling pathways, and to which extent signalling plasticity allows a pleiotropic system to exert distinct developmental outcomes. The differential ability of signalling mutants to promote muscle migration versus axonal growth allowed us to uncouple an indirect effect of HGF/Met signalling on nerve growth through the regulation of muscle size from a direct regulation of motor growth via the PI3 kinase (PI3K), but not Src kinase, pathway. Furthermore, we found that HGF/Met-triggered expansion of Pea3 expression domain in the spinal cord can be accomplished through several alternative signalling cascades, differentially sensitive to the Pea3 dosage. Finally, we show that the regulation of MN survival by HGF/Met can equally be achieved in vitro and in vivo by alternative signalling cascades involving either PI3K-Akt or Src and Mek pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our findings distinguish MN survival and fate specification, as RTK-triggered responses allowing substitutions of the downstream signalling routes, from nerve growth patterning, which depends on a selective, non-substitutable pathway.
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140
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Dual contribution of MAPK and PI3K in epidermal growth factor-induced destabilization of thyroid follicular integrity and invasion of cells into extracellular matrix. Exp Cell Res 2014; 326:210-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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141
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Heavey S, Godwin P, Baird AM, Barr MP, Umezawa K, Cuffe S, Finn SP, O'Byrne KJ, Gately K. Strategic targeting of the PI3K-NFκB axis in cisplatin-resistant NSCLC. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:1367-77. [PMID: 25025901 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.29841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a major therapeutic challenge to overcome in NSCLC, in order to improve the current survival rates of<15% at 5 years. We and others have shown increased PI3K signaling in NSCLC to be associated with a more aggressive disease, and a poorer prognosis. In this study, targeted inhibition of three strategic points of the PI3K-NFκB axis was performed with the aim of exploiting vulnerabilities in cisplatin-resistant NSCLC cells. Cisplatin-resistant cell lines were previously generated through prolonged exposure to the drug. Expression of PI3K and NFκB pathway-related genes were compared between cisplatin-resistant cells and their matched parent cells using a gene expression array, qRT-PCR, DNA sequencing, western blot, and immunofluorescence. Targeted inhibition was performed using GDC-0980, a dual PI3K-mTOR inhibitor currently in Phase II clinical trials in NSCLC, and DHMEQ, an inhibitor of NFκB translocation which has been used extensively both in vitro and in vivo. Effects of the two inhibitors were assessed by BrdU proliferation assay and multiparameter viability assay. NFKBIA was shown to be 12-fold overexpressed in cisplatin-resistant cells, with no mutations present in exons 3, 4, or 5 of the gene. Corresponding overexpression of IκBα was also observed. Treatment with DHMEQ (but not GDC-0980) led to significantly enhanced effects on viability and proliferation in cisplatin-resistant cells compared with parent cells. We conclude that NFκB inhibition represents a more promising strategy than PI3K-mTOR inhibition for treatment in the chemoresistance setting in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Heavey
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group; Institute of Molecular Medicine; Trinity Centre for Health Sciences; St. James's Hospital; Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter Godwin
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group; Institute of Molecular Medicine; Trinity Centre for Health Sciences; St. James's Hospital; Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- Cancer & Ageing Research Program; Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Martin P Barr
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group; Institute of Molecular Medicine; Trinity Centre for Health Sciences; St. James's Hospital; Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kazuo Umezawa
- Department of Molecular Target Medicine; Aichi Medical University; Nagakute, Japan
| | - Sinéad Cuffe
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group; Institute of Molecular Medicine; Trinity Centre for Health Sciences; St. James's Hospital; Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group; Institute of Molecular Medicine; Trinity Centre for Health Sciences; St. James's Hospital; Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kenneth J O'Byrne
- Cancer & Ageing Research Program; Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Kathy Gately
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group; Institute of Molecular Medicine; Trinity Centre for Health Sciences; St. James's Hospital; Dublin, Ireland
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142
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Kynurenic acid inhibits colon cancer proliferation in vitro: effects on signaling pathways. Amino Acids 2014; 46:2393-401. [PMID: 25012123 PMCID: PMC4168223 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1790-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a tryptophan metabolite, inhibits proliferation of several cancer cell lines including colon cancer, renal cancer and glioblastoma cells. Previous studies reported that inhibitory properties of KYNA may be related to interactions of KYNA with cell cycle regulators and signaling proteins. However, the exact molecular interaction of KYNA with signaling pathways in colon cancer cells has not been studied to date. The molecular mechanism of KYNA activity towards colon cancer cells may be of great importance taking into consideration that KYNA is present in several tissues and physiological fluids, including gastrointestinal tract, and it is also present in various products of human diet. In this study, the inhibitory effect of KYNA on activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells was revealed. KYNA decreased phosphorylation of Akt, ERK 1/2 and p38 kinases in HT-29 cells. Interestingly, the study revealed also unexpected effect of KYNA on Wnt pathway in HT-29 cells. KYNA in millimolar concentrations increased protein expression of β-catenin. However, the nuclear translocation of β-catenin in HT-29 cells exposed to KYNA was not observed. Moreover, KYNA 1 mM increased antiproliferative properties of inhibitors of signaling pathways: wortmannin, PD98059, SB202190 and IWR-1. Taking into consideration these results, KYNA may be seen as a potential chemopreventive agent in colon cancer or supportive agent in standard cancer chemotherapy. However, the interactions between KYNA, Wnt signaling pathway and β-catenin need further studies to exclude potential effect of KYNA on colon carcinogenesis.
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143
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Krześniak M, Zajkowicz A, Matuszczyk I, Rusin M. Rapamycin prevents strong phosphorylation of p53 on serine 46 and attenuates activation of the p53 pathway in A549 lung cancer cells exposed to actinomycin D. Mech Ageing Dev 2014; 139:11-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Apoptosis and molecular targeting therapy in cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:150845. [PMID: 25013758 PMCID: PMC4075070 DOI: 10.1155/2014/150845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 726] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is the programmed cell death which maintains the healthy survival/death balance in metazoan cells. Defect in apoptosis can cause cancer or autoimmunity, while enhanced apoptosis may cause degenerative diseases. The apoptotic signals contribute into safeguarding the genomic integrity while defective apoptosis may promote carcinogenesis. The apoptotic signals are complicated and they are regulated at several levels. The signals of carcinogenesis modulate the central control points of the apoptotic pathways, including inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins and FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP). The tumor cells may use some of several molecular mechanisms to suppress apoptosis and acquire resistance to apoptotic agents, for example, by the expression of antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 or by the downregulation or mutation of proapoptotic proteins such as BAX. In this review, we provide the main regulatory molecules that govern the main basic mechanisms, extrinsic and intrinsic, of apoptosis in normal cells. We discuss how carcinogenesis could be developed via defective apoptotic pathways or their convergence. We listed some molecules which could be targeted to stimulate apoptosis in different cancers. Together, we briefly discuss the development of some promising cancer treatment strategies which target apoptotic inhibitors including Bcl-2 family proteins, IAPs, and c-FLIP for apoptosis induction.
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145
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Lee SJ, Hwang JW, Yim H, Yim HJ, Woo SU, Suh SJ, Hyun JJ, Jung SW, Koo JS, Kim JH, Seo YS, Yeon JE, Lee SW, Byun KS, Um SH. Synergistic effect of simvastatin plus NS398 on inhibition of proliferation and survival in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29:1299-307. [PMID: 24372723 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS NS398, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, and simvastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, both exert an anticancer effect on hepatocellular carcinoma cells, but the effect of co-administration of the two drugs remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the synergistic in vitro anticancer effect of co-administration of NS398 and simvastatin and its mechanism. METHODS The Hep3B and Huh-7 cell lines were cultured. Cells were treated with simvastatin, NS398, or a combination. 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine ELISA assay, flow cytometry, Western blot analyses, and immunofluorescence assay were performed. RESULTS In both cell lines, co-administration of simvastatin and NS398 resulted in a greater effect on proliferation and apoptosis. In Hep3B cells, co-administration of the two drugs resulted in a greater decrease in procaspase 3 and Bcl-2 and an increase in cleaved caspase 9 than that noted with monotherapy. In Huh-7 cells, co-administration of the two drugs resulted in a greater decrease in procaspase 3 and cyclin D1 and an increase in cleaved caspase 9. Expression of NF-κB and Akt were also decreased to a greater extent when the two drugs were co-administered in both cell lines. Immunofluorescence assay showed suppression of the nuclear localization of NF-κB by simvastatin or NS398. The effect was greater by co-administration. CONCLUSIONS The co-administration of NS398 and simvastatin produced greater antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects against Hep3B cells and Huh-7 cells. Inhibition of the NF-κB and Akt pathway and activation of caspase cascade, which are considered as the major mechanism of synergistic anticancer properties, were observed in both cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Jae Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
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Knockdown of AKT3 (PKBγ) and PI3KCA suppresses cell viability and proliferation and induces the apoptosis of glioblastoma multiforme T98G cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:768181. [PMID: 24967401 PMCID: PMC4054922 DOI: 10.1155/2014/768181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant and invasive human brain tumor that is difficult to treat and has a very poor prognosis. Thus, new therapeutic strategies that target GBM are urgently needed. The PI3K/AKT/PTEN signaling pathway is frequently deregulated in a wide range of cancers. The present study was designed to examine the inhibitory effect of AKT3 or PI3KCA siRNAs on GBM cell growth, viability, and proliferation.T98G cells were transfected with AKT3 and/or PI3KCA siRNAs. AKT3 and PI3KCA protein-positive cells were identified using FC and Western blotting. The influence of specific siRNAs on T98G cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis was evaluated as well using FC. Alterations in the mRNA expression of AKT3, PI3KCA, and apoptosis-related genes were analyzed using QRT-PCR. Knockdown of AKT3 and/or PI3KCA genes in T98G cells led to a significant reduction in cell viability, the accumulation of subG1-phase cells and, a reduced fraction of cells in the S and G2/M phases. Additionally, statistically significant differences in the BAX/BCL-2 ratio and an increased percentage of apoptotic cells were found. The siRNA-induced AKT3 and PI3KCA mRNA knockdown may offer a novel therapeutic strategy to control the growth of human GBM cells.
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147
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Van Kampen JM, Baranowski D, Kay DG. Progranulin gene delivery protects dopaminergic neurons in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97032. [PMID: 24804730 PMCID: PMC4013129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by tremor, rigidity and akinesia/bradykinesia resulting from the progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. To date, only symptomatic treatment is available for PD patients, with no effective means of slowing or stopping the progression of the disease. Progranulin (PGRN) is a 593 amino acid multifunction protein that is widely distributed throughout the CNS, localized primarily in neurons and microglia. PGRN has been demonstrated to be a potent regulator of neuroinflammation and also acts as an autocrine neurotrophic factor, important for long-term neuronal survival. Thus, enhancing PGRN expression may strengthen the cells resistance to disease. In the present study, we have used the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of PD to investigate the possible use of PGRN gene delivery as a therapy for the prevention or treatment of PD. Viral vector delivery of the PGRN gene was an effective means of elevating PGRN expression in nigrostriatal neurons. When PGRN expression was elevated in the SNC, nigrostriatal neurons were protected from MPTP toxicity in mice, along with a preservation of striatal dopamine content and turnover. Further, protection of nigrostriatal neurons by PGRN gene therapy was accompanied by reductions in markers of MPTP-induced inflammation and apoptosis as well as a complete preservation of locomotor function. We conclude that PGRN gene therapy may have beneficial effects in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackalina M. Van Kampen
- Neurodyn Inc., Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Denis G. Kay
- Neurodyn Inc., Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
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Haoues M, Refai A, Mallavialle A, Barbouche MR, Laabidi N, Deckert M, Essafi M. Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) transcription factor mediates apoptosis in BCG-infected macrophages. Cell Microbiol 2014; 16:1378-90. [PMID: 24712562 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced apoptosis of BCG-infected macrophages has been shown to induce stronger dendritic cell-mediated cross-priming of T cells, leading to higher protection against tuberculosis (TB). Uncovering host effectors underlying BCG-induced apoptosis may then prove useful to improve BCG efficacy through priming macrophage apoptosis. Her we report that BCG-mediated apoptosis of human macrophages relies on FOXO3 transcription factor activation. BCG induced a significant apoptosis of THP1 (TDMs) and human monocytes (MDMs)-derived macrophages when a high moi was used, as shown by annexin V/7-AAD staining. BCG-induced apoptosis was associated with dephosphorylation of the prosurvival activated threonine kinase (Akt) and its target FOXO3. Cell fractionation and immunofluorescence microscopy showed translocation of FOXO3 to the nucleus in BCG-infected cells, concomitantly with an increase of FOXO3 transcriptional activity. Moreover, FOXO3 expression knock-down by small interfering RNA (siRNA) partially inhibited the BCG-induced apoptosis. Finally, real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of the expression profile of BCG-infected macrophages showed an upregulation of two pro-apoptotic targets of FOXO3, NOXA and p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA). Our results thus indicate that FOXO3 plays an important role in BCG-induced apoptosis of human macrophages and may represent a potential target to improve vaccine efficacy through enhanced apoptosis-mediated cross-priming of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriam Haoues
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LTCII, LR11IPT02, Tunis, 1002, Tunisia; Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 1068, Tunisia
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Hong Y, Shao A, Wang J, Chen S, Wu H, McBride DW, Wu Q, Sun X, Zhang J. Neuroprotective effect of hydrogen-rich saline against neurologic damage and apoptosis in early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage: possible role of the Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96212. [PMID: 24763696 PMCID: PMC3999200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Early brain injury (EBI) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Neuronal apoptosis is involved in the pathological process of EBI. Hydrogen can inhibit neuronal apoptosis and attenuate EBI following SAH. However, the molecular mechanism underlying hydrogen-mediated anti-apoptotic effects in SAH has not been elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate whether hydrogen alleviates EBI after SAH, specifically neuronal apoptosis, partially via the Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 85) were randomly divided into the following groups: sham group (n = 17), SAH group (n = 17), SAH + saline group (n = 17), SAH + hydrogen-rich saline (HS) group (n = 17) and SAH + HS + Ly294002 (n = 17) group. HS or an equal volume of physiological saline was administered immediately after surgery and repeated 8 hours later. The PI3K inhibitor, Ly294002, was applied to manipulate the proposed pathway. Neurological score and SAH grade were assessed at 24 hours after SAH. Western blot was used for the quantification of Akt, pAkt, GSK3β, pGSK3β, Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 proteins. Neuronal apoptosis was identified by double staining of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and NeuN, and quantified by apoptosis index. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescent double-labeling staining was performed to clarify the relationships between neuronal apoptosis and pAkt or pGSK3β. Results HS significantly reduced neuronal apoptosis and improved neurological function at 24 hours after SAH. The levels of pAkt and pGSK3β, mainly expressed in neurons, were markedly up-regulated. Additionally, Bcl-2 was significantly increased while Bax and cleaved caspase-3 was decreased by HS treatment. Double staining of pAkt and TUNEL showed few colocalization of pAkt-positive cells and TUNEL-positive cells. The inhibitor of PI3K, Ly294002, suppressed the beneficial effects of HS. Conclusions HS could attenuate neuronal apoptosis in EBI and improve the neurofunctional outcome after SAH, partially via the Akt/GSK3β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - AnWen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - HaiJian Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Devin W. McBride
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Qun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - XueJun Sun
- Department of Diving Medicine, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - JianMin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Huang W, Tang S, Qiao X, Ma W, Ji S, Wang K, Ye M, Yu S. Isoangustone A induces apoptosis in SW480 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells by disrupting mitochondrial functions. Fitoterapia 2014; 94:36-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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