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Gao J, Yu Z, Jing S, Jiang W, Liu C, Yu C, Sun J, Wang C, Chen J, Li H. Protective effect of Anwulignan against D-galactose-induced hepatic injury through activating p38 MAPK-Nrf2-HO-1 pathway in mice. Clin Interv Aging 2018; 13:1859-1869. [PMID: 30323572 PMCID: PMC6174312 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s173838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver aging is a significant risk factor for chronic liver diseases. Oxidative stress has been considered as a conjoint pathological mechanism for the initiation and progression of liver aging. It has been reported that d-galactose (d-gal)-induced hepatic injury is an experimental model well established closely similar to morphological and functional features of liver aging. Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils (S. sphenanthera, Schisandraceae), as a famous tradi-tional Chinese medicine, has been used for thousands of years in China to treat various disorders, including liver dysfunctions. This study was aimed to understand whether Anwulignan, one of the monomeric compounds in the lignans from S. sphenanthera, could improve the hepatic injury induced by d-gal in mice and to examine the possible mechanisms. Methods ICR mice were used to produce hepatic injury by 220 mg kg-1 d-gal subcutaneously once daily for 42 days. The effects of oral Anwulignan on liver index; serial AST and ALT levels; histological changes; SOD, GSH-Px, MDA, and 8-OHdG in the liver and peripheral blood; expression of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Nrf2, and HO-1 in the liver; and HepG2 cell viability, and decrease caspase-3 contents in liver were examined. Results Anwulignan could significantly increase the liver index, lower aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in the peripheral blood, elevate superoxide dis-mutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, and decrease malonaldehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) contents in the peripheral blood and liver. Furthermore, Anwulignan could upregulate the expression of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Nrf2, and HO-1 in the liver, increase the HepG2 cell viability, and decrease caspase-3 contents in liver. Conclusion Anwulignan has protective effects against the hepatic injury induced by d-gal, which may be related to its antioxidant capacity through activating p38 MAPK-Nrf2-HO-1 pathway, increases the injured cell viability, and decreases the caspase-3 contents in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin City, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Zepeng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin City, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Shu Jing
- Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin City, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihai Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin City, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin City, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Chunyan Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin City, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Jinghui Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin City, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin City, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Jianguang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin City, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - He Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin City, People's Republic of China, ;
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102
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Selenium-Related Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092665. [PMID: 30205557 PMCID: PMC6163693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The selenium content of the body is known to control the expression levels of numerous genes, both so-called selenoproteins and non-selenoproteins. Selenium is a trace element essential to human health, and its deficiency is related to, for instance, cardiovascular and myodegenerative diseases, infertility and osteochondropathy called Kashin–Beck disease. It is incorporated as selenocysteine to the selenoproteins, which protect against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. They also participate in the activation of the thyroid hormone, and play a role in immune system functioning. The synthesis and incorporation of selenocysteine occurs via a special mechanism, which differs from the one used for standard amino acids. The codon for selenocysteine is a regular in-frame stop codon, which can be passed by a specific complex machinery participating in translation elongation and termination. This includes a presence of selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) in the 3′-untranslated part of the selenoprotein mRNAs. Nonsense-mediated decay is involved in the regulation of the selenoprotein mRNA levels, but other mechanisms are also possible. Recent transcriptional analyses of messenger RNAs, microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs combined with proteomic data of samples from Keshan and Kashin–Beck disease patients have identified new possible cellular pathways related to transcriptional regulation by selenium.
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103
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Knuesting J, Scheibe R. Small Molecules Govern Thiol Redox Switches. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:769-782. [PMID: 30149854 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis gave rise to a regulatory mechanism based on reversible redox-modifications of enzymes. In chloroplasts, such on-off switches separate metabolic pathways to avoid futile cycles. During illumination, the redox interconversions allow for rapidly and finely adjusting activation states of redox-regulated enzymes. Noncovalent effects by metabolites binding to these enzymes, here addressed as 'small molecules', affect the rates of reduction and oxidation. The chloroplast enzymes provide an example for a versatile regulatory principle where small molecules govern thiol switches to integrate redox state and metabolism for an appropriate response to environmental challenges. In general, this principle can be transferred to reactive thiols involved in redox signaling, oxidative stress responses, and in disease of all organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Knuesting
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Barbarastr. 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Renate Scheibe
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Barbarastr. 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
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Redefining environmental exposure for disease etiology. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2018; 4:30. [PMID: 30181901 PMCID: PMC6119193 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-018-0065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Etiological studies of human exposures to environmental factors typically rely on low-throughput methods that target only a few hundred chemicals or mixtures. In this Perspectives article, I outline how environmental exposure can be defined by the blood exposome—the totality of chemicals circulating in blood. The blood exposome consists of chemicals derived from both endogenous and exogenous sources. Endogenous chemicals are represented by the human proteome and metabolome, which establish homeostatic networks of functional molecules. Exogenous chemicals arise from diet, vitamins, drugs, pathogens, microbiota, pollution, and lifestyle factors, and can be measured in blood as subsets of the proteome, metabolome, metals, macromolecular adducts, and foreign DNA and RNA. To conduct ‘exposome-wide association studies’, blood samples should be obtained prospectively from subjects—preferably at critical stages of life—and then analyzed in incident disease cases and matched controls to find discriminating exposures. Results from recent metabolomic investigations of archived blood illustrate our ability to discover potentially causal exposures with current technologies.
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105
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Pelclova D, Navratil T, Vlckova S, Fenclova Z, Pelcl T, Kacerova T, Kacer P. Exhaled breath condensate biomarkers reflect systemic changes in patients with chronic dioxin intoxication. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2211-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Panel M, Ghaleh B, Morin D. Mitochondria and aging: A role for the mitochondrial transition pore? Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12793. [PMID: 29888494 PMCID: PMC6052406 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular mechanisms responsible for aging are poorly understood. Aging is considered as a degenerative process induced by the accumulation of cellular lesions leading progressively to organ dysfunction and death. The free radical theory of aging has long been considered the most relevant to explain the mechanisms of aging. As the mitochondrion is an important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), this organelle is regarded as a key intracellular player in this process and a large amount of data supports the role of mitochondrial ROS production during aging. Thus, mitochondrial ROS, oxidative damage, aging, and aging-dependent diseases are strongly connected. However, other features of mitochondrial physiology and dysfunction have been recently implicated in the development of the aging process. Here, we examine the potential role of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in normal aging and in aging-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Panel
- INSERM U955, équipe 3; Créteil France
- Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, DHU A-TVB, UPEC; Créteil France
| | - Bijan Ghaleh
- INSERM U955, équipe 3; Créteil France
- Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, DHU A-TVB, UPEC; Créteil France
| | - Didier Morin
- INSERM U955, équipe 3; Créteil France
- Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, DHU A-TVB, UPEC; Créteil France
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107
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Zhao H, Li J, Zhao J, Chen Y, Ren C, Chen Y. Antioxidant effects of compound walnut oil capsule in mice aging model induced by D-galactose. Food Nutr Res 2018; 62:1371. [PMID: 29720929 PMCID: PMC5917419 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v62.1371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many plant original foods have been shown beneficial effects in humans. In the previous work, we have developed a compound capsule which contains major constituents of walnut oil and grape seed extract. Objective To investigate the antioxidant effects of the Compound Walnut Oil Capsule (WOC) in aging model induced by D-gal. Design 70 C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into seven groups. Mice in normal group received daily subcutaneous injection of saline while the control group, WOC groups, Vitamin C (VC) group and pure walnut oil group received daily subcutaneous injection of D-galactose (D-gal) for 8 weeks. Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), super dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum, liver and brain were determined. The expression of Heme Oxygenase (HO-1), iNOS and Klotho in liver and brain were obtained. Results WOC could improve the pathologic lesions caused by oxidative stress and significantly enhance the T-AOC, increase the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and decrease the contents of MDA in serum, liver and brain. Also, the WOC could obviously up-regulate the expression of HO-1 and Klotho and down-regulate the expression of iNOS. Conclusion WOC can be used as an anti-aging food for its effectively eliminating free radicals, enhancing the antioxidant capacity and alleviating the damages of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huandong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Caiping Ren
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although the roles of oxidant stress and redox perturbations in hypertension have been the subject of several reviews, role of thioredoxin (Trx), a major cellular redox protein in age-related hypertension remains inadequately reviewed. The purpose of this review is to bring readers up-to-date with current understanding of the role of thioredoxin in age-related hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS Age-related hypertension is a major underlying cause of several cardiovascular disorders, and therefore, intensive management of blood pressure is indicated in most patients with cardiovascular complications. Recent studies have shown that age-related hypertension was reversed and remained lowered for a prolonged period in mice with higher levels of human Trx (Trx-Tg). Additionally, injection of human recombinant Trx (rhTrx) decreased hypertension in aged wild-type mice that lasted for several days. Both Trx-Tg and aged wild-type mice injected with rhTrx were normotensive, showed increased NO production, decreased arterial stiffness, and increased vascular relaxation. These studies suggest that rhTrx could potentially be a therapeutic molecule to reverse age-related hypertension in humans. The reversal of age-related hypertension by restoring proteins that have undergone age-related modification is conceptually novel in the treatment of hypertension. Trx reverses age-related hypertension via maintaining vascular redox homeostasis, regenerating critical vasoregulatory proteins oxidized due to advancing age, and restoring native function of proteins that have undergone age-related modifications with loss-of function. Recent studies demonstrate that Trx is a promising molecule that may ameliorate or reverse age-related hypertension in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumuda C Das
- Department of Translational and Vascular Biology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Tyler, 11937 US Hwy 271, Tyler, TX, 75708, USA.
| | - Venkatesh Kundumani-Sridharan
- Department of Translational and Vascular Biology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Tyler, 11937 US Hwy 271, Tyler, TX, 75708, USA
| | - Jaganathan Subramani
- Department of Translational and Vascular Biology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Tyler, 11937 US Hwy 271, Tyler, TX, 75708, USA
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109
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Sies H. On the history of oxidative stress: Concept and some aspects of current development. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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110
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Bettermann EL, Hartman TJ, Easley KA, Ferranti EP, Jones DP, Quyyumi AA, Vaccarino V, Ziegler TR, Alvarez JA. Higher Mediterranean Diet Quality Scores and Lower Body Mass Index Are Associated with a Less-Oxidized Plasma Glutathione and Cysteine Redox Status in Adults. J Nutr 2018; 148:245-253. [PMID: 29490099 PMCID: PMC6251672 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxx045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Both systemic redox status and diet quality are associated with risk outcomes in chronic disease. It is not known, however, the extent to which diet quality influences plasma thiol/disulfide redox status. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of diet, as measured by diet quality scores and other dietary factors, on systemic thiol/disulfide redox status. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study of 685 working men and women (ages ≥18 y) in Atlanta, GA. Diet was assessed by 3 diet quality scores: the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS). We measured concentrations of plasma glutathione (GSH), cysteine, their associated oxidized forms [glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and cystine (CySS), respectively], and their redox potentials (EhGSSG and EhCySS) to determine thiol/disulfide redox status. Linear regression modeling was performed to assess relations between diet and plasma redox after adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI), sex, race, and history of chronic disease. Results MDS was positively associated with plasma GSH (β = 0.02; 95% CI: 0.003, 0.03) and total GSH (GSH + GSSG) (β = 0.02; 95% CI: 0.003, 0.03), and inversely associated with the CySS:GSH ratio (β = -0.02; 95% CI: -0.04, -0.004). There were significant independent associations between individual MDS components (dairy, vegetables, fish, and monounsaturated fat intake) and varying plasma redox indexes (P < 0.05). AHEI and DASH diet quality indexes and other diet factors of interest were not significantly correlated with plasma thiol and disulfide redox measures. Conclusion Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was significantly associated with a favorable plasma thiol/disulfide redox profile, independent of BMI, in a generally healthy working adult population. Although longitudinal studies are warranted, these findings contribute to the feasibility of targeting a Mediterranean diet to improve plasma redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika L Bettermann
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins
School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Terryl J Hartman
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins
School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kirk A Easley
- Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public
Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Erin P Ferranti
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine,Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition and Divisions of Cardiology and
Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Arshed A Quyyumi
- Divisions of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipids, Department
of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Viola Vaccarino
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins
School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Thomas R Ziegler
- Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition and Divisions of Cardiology and
Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, GA,Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition and Divisions of Endocrinology,
Metabolism & Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine,
Atlanta, GA,Section of Endocrinology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta,
GA
| | - Jessica A Alvarez
- Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition and Divisions of Cardiology and
Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, GA,Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition and Divisions of Endocrinology,
Metabolism & Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine,
Atlanta, GA,Address correspondence to JAA (E-mail: )
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111
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Peroxisomes and Cellular Oxidant/Antioxidant Balance: Protein Redox Modifications and Impact on Inter-organelle Communication. Subcell Biochem 2018; 89:435-461. [PMID: 30378035 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-2233-4_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Disturbances in cellular redox balance have been associated with pro-aging mechanisms and increased risk for various chronic disease states. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that peroxisomes are central players in cellular redox metabolism. Nevertheless, the potential role of this organelle as intracellular redox signaling platform has been largely overlooked for a long time. Fortunately, this situation is now changing. This review provides a snapshot of the current progress in the field, with an emphasis on the situation in mammals. We first briefly introduce the basics of redox biology and how reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can drive cellular signaling events. Next, we discuss current evidence linking peroxisome (dys)function to redox signaling, both in health and disease. We also highlight what is currently known about the downstream targets of peroxisome-derived oxidants. In addition, we present an extensive list of proteins that are involved in peroxisome functioning and have been identified as being responsive to oxidative stress in large scale redox proteomics studies. Finally, we address how changes in peroxisomal redox state may impact on functional mechanisms underlying inter-organelle communication. Gaining more insight into these mechanisms is key to our understanding of how peroxisomes are embedded in cellular signaling networks implicated in aging and diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders.
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112
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Li YR, Li S, Lin CC. Effect of resveratrol and pterostilbene on aging and longevity. Biofactors 2018; 44:69-82. [PMID: 29210129 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past years, several studies have found that foods rich in polyphenols protect against age-related disease, such as atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, cancer, arthritis, cataracts, osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension and Alzheimer's disease. Resveratrol and pterostilbene, the polyphenol found in grape and blueberries, have beneficial effects as anti-aging compounds through modulating the hallmarks of aging, including oxidative damage, inflammation, telomere attrition and cell senescence. In this review, we discuss the relationship between resveratrol and pterostilbene and possible aging biomarker, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and high-calorie diets. Moreover, we also discuss the positive effect of resveratrol and pterostilbene on lifespan, aged-related disease, and health maintenance. Furthermore, we summarize a variety of important mechanisms modulated by resveratrol and pterostilbene possibly involved in attenuating age-associated disorders. Overall, we describe resveratrol and pterostilbene potential for prevention or treatment of several age-related diseases by modulating age-related mechanisms. © 2017 BioFactors, 44(1):69-82, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Rong Li
- Changhua Christian Hospital, Thoracic Medicine Research center, Changhua 50006, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shiming Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei, China
| | - Chi-Chien Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, Republic of China
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113
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Molz P, Schröder N. Potential Therapeutic Effects of Lipoic Acid on Memory Deficits Related to Aging and Neurodegeneration. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:849. [PMID: 29311912 PMCID: PMC5732919 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging process comprises a series of organic alterations, affecting multiple systems, including the nervous system. Aging has been considered the main risk factor for the advance of neurodegenerative diseases, many of which are accompanied by cognitive impairment. Aged individuals show cognitive decline, which has been associated with oxidative stress, as well as mitochondrial, and consequently energetic failure. Lipoic acid (LA), a natural compound present in food and used as a dietary supplement, has been considered a promising agent for the treatment and/or prevention of neurodegenerative disorders. In spite of a number of preclinical studies showing beneficial effects of LA in memory functioning, and pointing to its neuroprotective potential effect, to date only a few studies have examined its effects in humans. Investigations performed in animal models of memory loss associated to aging and neurodegenerative disorders have shown that LA improves memory in a variety of behavioral paradigms. Moreover, cell and molecular mechanisms underlying LA effects have also been investigated. Accordingly, LA displays antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties in both in vivo and in vitro studies. In addition, it has been shown that LA reverses age-associated loss of neurotransmitters and their receptors, which can underlie its effects on cognitive functions. The present review article aimed at summarizing and discussing the main studies investigating the effects of LA on cognition as well as its cell and molecular effects, in order to improve the understanding of the therapeutic potential of LA on memory loss during aging and in patients suffering from neurodegenerative disorders, supporting the development of clinical trials with LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Molz
- Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Neurobiology and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Biosciences, Pontifical Catholic University, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nadja Schröder
- Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Neurobiology and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Biosciences, Pontifical Catholic University, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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114
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Diet-resistant obesity is characterized by a distinct plasma proteomic signature and impaired muscle fiber metabolism. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 42:353-362. [PMID: 29151592 PMCID: PMC5880582 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Inter-individual variability in weight loss during obesity treatment is complex and poorly understood. Here we use whole body and tissue approaches to investigate fuel oxidation characteristics in skeletal muscle fibers, cells and distinct circulating protein biomarkers before and after a high fat meal (HFM) challenge in those who lost the most (obese diet-sensitive; ODS) vs the least (obese diet-resistant; ODR) amount of weight in a highly controlled weight management program. Subjects/Methods: In 20 weight stable-matched ODS and ODR women who previously completed a standardized clinical weight loss program, we analyzed whole-body energetics and metabolic parameters in vastus lateralis biopsies and plasma samples that were obtained in the fasting state and 6 h after a defined HFM, equivalent to 35% of total daily energy requirements. Results: At baseline (fasting) and post-HFM, muscle fatty acid oxidation and maximal oxidative phosphorylation were significantly greater in ODS vs ODR, as was reactive oxygen species emission. Plasma proteomics of 1130 proteins pre and 1, 2, 5 and 6 h after the HFM demonstrated distinct group and interaction differences. Group differences identified S-formyl glutathione hydratase, heat shock 70 kDA protein 1A/B (HSP72), and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5 (eIF5) to be higher in ODS vs ODR. Group-time differences included aryl hydrocarbon interacting protein (AIP), peptidylpropyl isomerase D (PPID) and tyrosine protein-kinase Fgr, which increased in ODR vs ODS over time. HSP72 levels correlated with muscle oxidation and citrate synthase activity. These proteins circulate in exosomes; exosomes isolated from ODS plasma increased resting, leak and maximal respiration rates in C2C12 myotubes by 58%, 21% and 51%, respectively, vs those isolated from ODR plasma. Conclusions: Findings demonstrate distinct muscle metabolism and plasma proteomics in fasting and post-HFM states corresponding in diet-sensitive vs diet-resistant obese women.
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