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Preyat N, Leo O. Sirtuin deacylases: a molecular link between metabolism and immunity. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 93:669-80. [PMID: 23325925 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1112557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine deacetylation by the NAD(+)-dependent family of sirtuins has been recognized as an important post-translational modification regulating a wide range of cellular processes. These lysine deacetylases have attracted much interest based on their ability to promote survival in response to stress. Sirtuins require NAD(+) for their enzymatic activity, suggesting that these enzymes may represent molecular links between cell metabolism and several human disorders, including diabetes and cancer. Inflammation represents a pathological situation with clear connections to metabolism and aging in humans, raising the possibility that sirtuins may also play an important role during a normal and/or a pathological immune response. A growing body of data has confirmed the immunomodulatory properties of sirtuins, although often with contrasting and opposing conclusions. These observations will be summarized herein and the possible strategies that may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches to treat inflammation briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Preyat
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Institute for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
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102
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Castanedo-Cazares JP, Lárraga-Piñones G, Ehnis-Pérez A, Fuentes-Ahumada C, Oros-Ovalle C, Smoller BR, Torres-Álvarez B. Topical niacinamide 4% and desonide 0.05% for treatment of axillary hyperpigmentation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2013; 6:29-36. [PMID: 23355788 PMCID: PMC3552481 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s39246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Axillary hyperpigmentation is a frequent cause of cosmetic consultations in dark-skinned women from tropical areas, including Latin America. Currently, there is no widely accepted treatment for the disorder, but it is usually treated with bleaching agents because it is considered a variant of inflammatory hyperpigmentation. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of niacinamide 4% and desonide 0.05% emulsions compared with placebo in the treatment of axillary hyperpigmentation. Methods Twenty-four women aged 19–27 years with hyperpigmented axillae (phototype III–V) were randomly assigned to receive the study treatments in the axillary region. Improvement was assessed at baseline, then clinically and by colorimetry 9 weeks later. Quantitative evaluation including melanin, inflammatory infiltrates, NKI/Beteb, CD1a, CD68, and collagen type IV content was performed by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry, assisted by computerized morphometric analysis. Results Both niacinamide and desonide induced significant colorimetric improvement compared with placebo; however, desonide showed a better depigmenting effect than niacinamide. A good to excellent response was achieved in 24% of cases for niacinamide, 30% for desonide, and 6% for placebo. We observed a marked disruption of the basal membrane in axillary hyperpigmentation and an inflammatory infiltrate that improved after treatment. Decreased pigmentation in the desonide-treated axillae was associated with recovery of disruption at the basal membrane. Conclusion Niacinamide and desonide showed depigmenting properties in women with axillary hyperpigmentation. These findings may be explained by their antimelanogenic and anti-inflammatory properties, respectively.
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103
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The multi-functional roles of GNMT in toxicology and cancer. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 266:67-75. [PMID: 23147572 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) has been discovered for five decades, its function was not elucidated until recently. In this review, we discuss the multiple roles of GNMT in toxicology and cancer. Besides catalyzing the production of methylglycine (sarcosine) in one carbon metabolism pathway, GNMT was found to be able to bind a number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and inhibit DNA adducts formation. Moreover, GNMT exerts protective effects against the cytotoxicity and carcinogenicity of benzo(a)pyrene and aflatoxin B(1) in vitro and in vivo. Occupational study showed that workers who had genotypes with higher GNMT promoter activity may have lower content of oxidative damaged DNA products in their urine. In terms of cancer, recent studies using GNMT knockout mouse models demonstrated that GNMT deficiency has high penetrance in inducing the development of steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In terms of the mechanism, besides dysregulation of epigenetic modification, insights have been provided by recent identification of two novel proteins interacting with GNMT-DEPTOR and NPC2. These studies suggest that GNMT not only is involved in mTOR signaling pathway, but also plays an important role in the intracellular trafficking of cholesterol. The implication of these findings to the preventive medicine and translational research will be discussed.
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Shi Y, Zhang L, Jiang R, Chen W, Zheng W, Chen L, Tang L, Li L, Li L, Tang W, Wang Y, Yu Y. Protective effects of nicotinamide against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 14:530-7. [PMID: 23059795 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide (NAM), the amide form of vitamin B3, is involved in a wide range of biological processes. Recent evidence revealed the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of NAM and suggests it may be used as a novel strategy in the prevention of acute liver injury. In the present study, we investigated the potential protective effects of NAM on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury in mice. Mice were treated with NAM at 400mg/kg 30 min before or after administration of APAP at a hepatotoxic dose of 400mg/kg body weight via intraperitoneal injection. Liver injury and the expression of inflammation-related molecules were determined by histological examination and biochemical analysis, respectively. In addition, the survival rate of mice was assessed after APAP administration. Pretreatment with NAM for 30 min significantly decreased plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and diminished histopathologic evidence of hepatic toxicity in mice following APAP administration. Similarly, posttreatment with NAM also decreased plasma ALT and AST levels in APAP-administrated mice. Furthermore, both pretreatment and posttreatment with NAM prolonged the survival rate of acute liver injury mice, accompanied by a significant reduction in the plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (INF-γ), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Together, these findings suggest that NAM possesses protective effects on APAP-induced liver injury, which may involve the anti-inflammatory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youdan Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Kyme P, Thoennissen NH, Tseng CW, Thoennissen GB, Wolf AJ, Shimada K, Krug UO, Lee K, Müller-Tidow C, Berdel WE, Hardy WD, Gombart AF, Koeffler HP, Liu GY. C/EBPε mediates nicotinamide-enhanced clearance of Staphylococcus aureus in mice. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:3316-29. [PMID: 22922257 DOI: 10.1172/jci62070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The myeloid-specific transcription factor, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ε (C/EBPε) is a critical mediator of myelopoiesis. Mutation of this gene is responsible for neutrophil-specific granule deficiency in humans, a condition that confers susceptibility to Staphylococcus aureus infection. We found that C/EBPε-deficient mice are severely affected by infection with S. aureus, and C/EBPε deficiency in neutrophils contributes to the infectious phenotype. Conversely, exposure to the epigenetic modulator nicotinamide (vitamin B3) increased expression of C/EBPε in WT myeloid cells. Further, nicotinamide increased the activity of C/EBPε and select downstream antimicrobial targets, particularly in neutrophils. In a systemic murine infection model as well as in murine and human peripheral blood, nicotinamide enhanced killing of S. aureus by up to 1,000 fold but had no effect when administered to either C/EBPε-deficient mice or mice depleted of neutrophils. Nicotinamide was efficacious in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings. Our findings suggest that C/EBPε is an important target to boost killing of bacteria by the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Kyme
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Ferreira RG, Matsui TC, Godin AM, Gomides LF, Pereira-Silva PEM, Duarte IDG, Menezes GB, Coelho MM, Klein A. Neutrophil recruitment is inhibited by nicotinamide in experimental pleurisy in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 685:198-204. [PMID: 22543086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Several emerging lines of evidence support an anti-inflammatory role for nicotinamide and other vitamin B components. However, the mechanisms underlying their activity remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the ability of nicotinamide to inhibit both neutrophil recruitment in IL-8-, LTB(4)- or carrageenan-induced pleurisy in mice and the rolling and adherence of neutrophils. Nicotinamide inhibited IL-8-, LTB(4)- and carrageenan-induced neutrophil migration, KC production and carrageenan-induced neutrophil rolling and adherence. We propose that the effects of nicotinamide in inhibiting neutrophil recruitment in carrageenan-induced pleurisy may be due to the ability of nicotinamide to inhibit the action of IL-8 and LTB(4), decrease KC production, and inhibit early events that regulate leukocyte migration from blood vessels into tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael G Ferreira
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Dor - Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Brazil
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107
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Nicotinamide inhibits nuclear factor-kappa B translocation after transient focal cerebral ischemia. Crit Care Med 2012; 40:532-7. [PMID: 21926578 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e31822f0b08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We explored the putative anti-inflammatory effects of nicotinamide against experimental stroke. DESIGN Prospective laboratory study. SETTING Research laboratory in a university teaching hospital. SUBJECTS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g). INTERVENTIONS The antioxidant, radical scavenging, and anti-inflammatory actions of nicotinamide were evaluated using a panel of acellular assays and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 and BV2 cells. Animals were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion for 90 mins. Nicotinamide (500 mg/kg) or vehicle was given intravenously at reperfusion onset. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Nicotinamide effectively inhibited nuclear factor-κB translocation and binding activity as well as the production of tumor necrosis factor-α, nitrite/nitrate, and interleukin-6 in the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 and BV2 cells (p < .05, respectively) but exhibited weak antioxidant and radical-scavenging actions. Relative to controls, nicotinamide-treated animals had significant reductions in neutrophil and macrophage/activated microglial infiltration in the ischemic brain by 53% and 77% (p < .05, respectively). Additionally, nicotinamide significantly attenuated phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB's inhibitory protein, nuclear factor-κB translocation and binding activity, and the synthesis of inducible nitric oxide in the ischemic brain (p < .05, respectively). Consequently, nicotinamide effectively reduced brain infarction and improved neurobehavioral outcome by 43% and 50% (p < .05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Nicotinamide effectively attenuated postischemic nuclear factor-kappa]B activation and exhibited robust anti-inflammatory actions against ischemic stroke.
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Ullah N, Ullah I, Lee HY, Naseer MI, Seok PM, Ahmed J, Kim MO. Protective function of nicotinamide against ketamine-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration in the infant rat brain. J Mol Neurosci 2011; 47:67-75. [PMID: 22160932 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-011-9685-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
During development, anesthetics activate neuroapoptosis and produce damage in the central nervous system that leads to several types of neurological disorders. A single dose of ketamine (40 mg/kg) during synaptogenesis in a 7-day-old rat brain activated the apoptotic cascade and caused extensive neuronal cell death in the forebrain. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of nicotinamide against ketamine-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration. After 4 h, neuronal cell death induced by ketamine was associated with the induction of Bax, release of cytochrome c into the cytosol, and activation of caspase-3. One single dose of 1 mg/g nicotinamide was administered to a developing rat and was found to inhibit ketamine-induced neuroapoptosis by downregulating Bax, inhibiting cytochrome c release from mitochondria into cytosol, and inhibiting the expression of activated caspase-3. TUNEL and immunohistochemical analyses showed that ketamine-induced cell death occurred through apoptosis and that it was inhibited by nicotinamide. Fluoro-Jade-B staining demonstrated an increased number of dead cells in the cortex and thalamus after ketamine treatment; treatment with nicotinamide reduced the number of dead cells in these brain regions. Our findings suggest that nicotinamide attenuated ketamine-induced neuronal cell loss in the developing rat brain and is a promising therapeutic and neuroprotective agent for the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najeeb Ullah
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences-RINS and Applied Life Science-Brain Korea 21, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
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109
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Ullah N, Lee HY, Naseer MI, Ullah I, Suh JW, Kim MO. Nicotinamide inhibits alkylating agent-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27093. [PMID: 22164206 PMCID: PMC3229474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to the chemotherapeutic alkylating agent thiotepa during brain development leads to neurological complications arising from neurodegeneration and irreversible damage to the developing central nerve system (CNS). Administration of single dose of thiotepa in 7-d postnatal (P7) rat triggers activation of apoptotic cascade and widespread neuronal death. The present study was aimed to elucidate whether nicotinamide may prevent thiotepa-induced neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Neuronal cell death induced by thiotepa was associated with the induction of Bax, release of cytochrome-c from mitochondria into the cytosol, activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1). Post-treatment of developing rats with nicotinamide suppressed thiotepa-induced upregulation of Bax, reduced cytochrome-c release into the cytosol and reduced expression of activated caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP-1. Cresyl violet staining showed numerous dead cells in the cortex hippocampus and thalamus; post-treatment with nicotinamide reduced the number of dead cells in these brain regions. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) and immunohistochemical analysis of caspase-3 show that thiotepa-induced cell death is apoptotic and that it is inhibited by nicotinamide treatment. CONCLUSION Nicotinamide (Nic) treatment with thiotepa significantly improved neuronal survival and alleviated neuronal cell death in the developing rat. These data demonstrate that nicotinamide shows promise as a therapeutic and neuroprotective agent for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders in newborns and infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najeeb Ullah
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences (RINS) and Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21), Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Lee
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences (RINS) and Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21), Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Imran Naseer
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences (RINS) and Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21), Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikram Ullah
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences (RINS) and Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21), Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Won Suh
- Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Namdong, Yongin, Kyonggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences (RINS) and Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21), Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, Republic of Korea
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Yuan H, Wan J, Li L, Ge P, Li H, Zhang L. Therapeutic benefits of the group B3 vitamin nicotinamide in mice with lethal endotoxemia and polymicrobial sepsis. Pharmacol Res 2011; 65:328-37. [PMID: 22154801 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide (NAM) is a group B3 vitamin involved in a wide range of biological processes. Recently, the anti-inflammatory properties of NAM have been revealed. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of NAM in murine models of endotoxemia and sepsis. Endotoxemic liver injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into D-galactosamine (D-Gal)-sensitized mice. Lethal endotoxemia was induced by intraperitoneal administration of LPS at a dose of 20 mg/kg. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). In mice challenged with LPS/D-Gal, treatment with NAM significantly deceased serum aminotransferases level and alleviated hepatic lesions. NAM also reduced serum tumor necrosis factor-α level and attenuated apoptosis in liver, as assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nucleotide nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and measurements of caspases activities. Survival analysis indicated that NAM reduced the mortality rate of LPS/D-Gal-challenged mice. In mice with lethal endotoxemia, NAM reduced serum level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and multiple organ damage as evidence by improved morphological lesion, reduced lung wet to dry ratio as well as decreased serum level of aminotransferase and blood urea nitrogen. In survival analysis, treatment with NAM increased the survival rate of mice with lethal endotoxemia or CLP-induced polymicrobial sepsis. Taken together, treatment with NAM might provide therapeutic benefits in sepsis, which attenuated inflammatory injury and improved the survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Yuan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
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Vasantha J, Soundararajan P, Vanitharani N, Kannan G, Thennarasu P, Neenu G, Reddy CU. Safety and efficacy of nicotinamide in the management of hyperphosphatemia in patients on hemodialysis. Indian J Nephrol 2011; 21:245-9. [PMID: 22022084 PMCID: PMC3193667 DOI: 10.4103/0971-4065.83735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperphosphatemia is an important modifiable risk factor for death and cardiovascular events in patients on hemodialysis (HD). As nicotinamide has been shown as an inhibitor of sodium–dependent phosphate co–transport in rat renal tubule and small intestine, we examined whether nicotinamide reduces hyperphosphatemia in patients undergoing HD. The study was conducted in 30 end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients [20 (66.7%) males and 10 (33.3%) females; mean age 54 ± 14.9 years] undergoing twice/thrice weekly HD for more than 3 months. Patients on other phosphate binders were given a 2-week wash-out period. Nicotinamide 250 mg capsules were given twice daily for 25 patients with serum phosphorus greater than 5 mg/dL and thrice daily for 5 patients with serum phosphorus greater than 8 mg/dL immediately after food for 8 weeks. Serum phosphate and calcium levels were estimated every month prior to HD session, and complete blood count, blood sugar, renal profile, liver function tests were estimated at beginning and end of the study. Patients were regularly monitored for side effects. There were significant decreases in the serum phosphate (6.85 ± 1.35 mg/dL at the baseline to 5.74 ± 1.18 mg/dL at the 4th week and to 4.54 ± 0.86 mg/dL at the 8th week), the serum calcium-phosphorus product (57.8 ± 12.21 at the baseline to 48.3 ± 10.71 on 4th week and to 38.201 ± 8.21 at the 8th week), and alkaline phosphatase levels (130.23 ± 50.13 IU/L at the baseline to 116.40 ± 48.27 IU/L after 8 weeks) on treatment with nicotinamide (P < 0.001). Other parameters remained unchanged. Watery stools reported by seven patients resolved during the course of the therapy. Nicotinamide is safe, cheap and effective in controlling serum phosphorus, Ca × P product and alkaline phosphatase levels in patients on maintenance HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vasantha
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Chennai, India
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112
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Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of nicotinamide and its isomers in different experimental models. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011; 99:782-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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113
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Doxorubicin induced nephrotoxicity: protective effect of nicotinamide. Int J Cell Biol 2011; 2011:390238. [PMID: 21789041 PMCID: PMC3140777 DOI: 10.1155/2011/390238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Nephrotoxicity is one of the important side effects of anthracycline antibiotics. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nicotinamide (NAD), an antioxidant agent, against nephrotoxicity induced by doxorubicin (DXR).
Methods. The rats were divided into control, NAD alone, doxorubicin (20 mg/kg, i.p.) and DXR plus NAD (200 mg/kg, i.p.) groups. At the end of the 10th day, kidney tissues were removed for light microscopy and analysis. The level of tissues' catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) activities were determined. Results. The activities of CAT, GPx, and GSH were decreased, and Po was increased in renal tissue of doxorubicin group compared with other groups. The tissue of the doxorubicin group showed some histopathological changes such as glomerular vacuolization and degeneration, adhesion to Bowman's capsule and thickening and untidiness of tubular and glomerular capillary basement membranes. Histopathological examination showed that NAD prevented partly DXR-induced tubular and glomerular damage. Conclusions. Pretreatment with NAD protected renal tissues against DXR-induced nephrotoxicity. Preventive effects of NAD on these renal lesions may be via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action.
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Kristian T, Balan I, Schuh R, Onken M. Mitochondrial dysfunction and nicotinamide dinucleotide catabolism as mechanisms of cell death and promising targets for neuroprotection. J Neurosci Res 2011; 89:1946-55. [PMID: 21488086 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Both acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases are frequently associated with mitochondrial dysfunction as an essential component of mechanisms leading to brain damage. Although loss of mitochondrial functions resulting from prolonged activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore has been shown to play a significant role in perturbation of cellular bioenergetics and in cell death, the detailed mechanisms are still elusive. Enzymatic reactions linked to glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and mitochondrial respiration are dependent on the reduced or oxidized form of nicotinamide dinucleotide [NAD(H)] as a cofactor. Loss of mitochondrial NAD(+) resulting from MPT pore opening, although transient, allows detrimental depletion of mitochondrial and cellular NAD(+) pools by activated NAD(+) glycohydrolases. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is considered to be a major NAD(+) degrading enzyme, particularly under conditions of extensive DNA damage. We propose that CD38, a main cellular NAD(+) level regulator, can significantly contribute to NAD(+) catabolism. We discuss NAD(+) catabolic and NAD(+) synthesis pathways and their role in different strategies to prevent cellular NAD(+) degradation in brain, particularly following an ischemic insult. These therapeutic approaches are based on utilizing endogenous intermediates of NAD(+) metabolism that feed into the NAD(+) salvage pathway and also inhibit CD38 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Kristian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.
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Lappas M, Permezel M. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of nicotinamide, a vitamin B(3) derivative, are elicited by FoxO3 in human gestational tissues: implications for preterm birth. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 22:1195-201. [PMID: 21414766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 10/03/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory process plays a pivotal role during the pathogenesis of human labour, both at term and at preterm. Nicotinamide, a vitamin B(3) derivative, exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties in several cell types by interaction with various intracellular signalling proteins via modulating the activity of various transcription factors, including activation of the O subfamily of Forkhead/winged helix transcription factors (FoxO) and inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nicotinamide on the expression of pro-labour and mediators in human placenta. The effects of nicotinamide were evaluated, over 24 h, by treating placenta with 0, 25 and 50 mM nicotinamide in the absence or presence of 10 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Nicotinamide treatment resulted in a significant reduction of basal and/or LPS-stimulated release and gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and the chemokine IL-8, and the release of the prostaglandins PGE(2) and PGF(2)α and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 mRNA expression. Additionally, nicotinamide treatment of human placenta resulted in attenuation of basal and LPS-induced oxidative stress, reducing 8-isoprostane release and increasing gene expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT). There was no effect of nicotinamide on NF-κB activation. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions of nicotinamide were abolished by knockdown of FoxO3 using siRNA. In conclusion, nicotinamide exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects in human placenta, in part, via activation of FoxO3. Further studies should be undertaken to define a possible implication of vitamin B(3) derivatives in the management of preterm labour and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Lappas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
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Fernandes CA, Fievez L, Ucakar B, Neyrinck AM, Fillee C, Huaux F, Delzenne NM, Bureau F, Vanbever R. Nicotinamide enhances apoptosis of G(M)-CSF-treated neutrophils and attenuates endotoxin-induced airway inflammation in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 300:L354-61. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00198.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils constitute the first line of host defense against invading microorganisms. Yet their removal from the inflammatory environment is fundamental for injury restraint and resolution of inflammation. Nicotinamide, a component of vitamin B3, is known to modulate cell survival. In this study, we assessed the influence of nicotinamide on neutrophil apoptosis, both in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model of endotoxin-induced lung inflammation. In vitro, nicotinamide promoted apoptosis of human blood neutrophils in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of the apoptosis inhibitors granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. The highest concentration of nicotinamide completely neutralized the pro-survival effect of granulocyte (macrophage) colony-stimulating factor. Nicotinamide proapoptotic effect was associated with enhanced caspase-3 activity. In addition, nicotinamide slightly reduced neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro. In vivo, pulmonary nicotinamide delivery decreased the levels of cellular and biochemical inflammation markers and increased the percentage of apoptotic neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavages. Our findings suggest that nicotinamide is an apoptotic stimulus for neutrophils, thereby contributing to the resolution of neutrophilic inflammation in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia A. Fernandes
- Unité de Pharmacie Galénique, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels
| | - Laurence Fievez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège
| | - Bernard Ucakar
- Unité de Pharmacie Galénique, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels
| | - Audrey M. Neyrinck
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain,
| | - Catherine Fillee
- Department of Clinical Biology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, and
| | - François Huaux
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M. Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain,
| | - Fabrice Bureau
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège
| | - Rita Vanbever
- Unité de Pharmacie Galénique, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels
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Gazanion E, Vergnes B, Seveno M, Garcia D, Oury B, Ait-Oudhia K, Ouaissi A, Sereno D. In vitro activity of nicotinamide/antileishmanial drug combinations. Parasitol Int 2011; 60:19-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Revised: 09/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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118
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Gallí M, Van Gool F, Leo O. Sirtuins and inflammation: Friends or foes? Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 81:569-76. [PMID: 21184744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lysine acetylation/deacetylation has been recognized as an important posttranslational modification regulating numerous cellular processes. Sirtuins represent novel players in these complex regulatory circuits. These NAD-dependent lysine-deacetylases have attracted much interest based on their role in the regulation of lifespan in lower organisms, and their capacity to interfere with cell growth, proliferation and survival in response to stress. Their absolute requirement for NAD suggests that these enzymes may represent an important molecular link between metabolism and several human disorders such as diabetes and cancer. More recently, the identification of several transcription factors known to play a role in the immune system as sirtuin substrates has suggested that this family of enzymes may also play an important role in the regulation of inflammation, a pathological situation with clear links to metabolism and aging in humans. We review herein the possible links between nuclear sirtuins and the regulation of an immune response, and discuss the possible strategies that may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches to treat inflammation by targeting sirtuin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Gallí
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, Institut de Biologie et Médecine Moléculaires, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
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Levine D, Even-Chen Z, Lipets I, Pritulo OA, Svyatenko TV, Andrashko Y, Lebwohl M, Gottlieb A. Pilot, multicenter, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled bilateral comparative study of a combination of calcipotriene and nicotinamide for the treatment of psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010; 63:775-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Revised: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Przygodzki T, Kazmierczak P, Sikora J, Watala C. 1-methylnicotinamide effects on the selected markers of endothelial function, inflammation and haemostasis in diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 640:157-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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121
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Cantarella L, Gallifuoco A, Malandra A, Martínková L, Pasquarelli F, Spera A, Cantarella M. Application of continuous stirred membrane reactor to 3-cyanopyridine bioconversion using the nitrile hydratase–amidase cascade system of Microbacterium imperiale CBS 498-74. Enzyme Microb Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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122
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Varela-Rey M, Martínez-López N, Fernández-Ramos D, Embade N, Calvisi DF, Woodhoo A, Rodríguez J, Fraga MF, Julve J, Rodríguez-Millán E, Frades I, Torres L, Luka Z, Wagner C, Esteller M, Lu SC, Martínez-Chantar ML, Mato JM. Fatty liver and fibrosis in glycine N-methyltransferase knockout mice is prevented by nicotinamide. Hepatology 2010; 52:105-14. [PMID: 20578266 PMCID: PMC2921576 DOI: 10.1002/hep.23639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Deletion of glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT), the main gene involved in liver S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) catabolism, leads to the hepatic accumulation of this molecule and the development of fatty liver and fibrosis in mice. To demonstrate that the excess of hepatic SAM is the main agent contributing to liver disease in GNMT knockout (KO) mice, we treated 1.5-month-old GNMT-KO mice for 6 weeks with nicotinamide (NAM), a substrate of the enzyme NAM N-methyltransferase. NAM administration markedly reduced hepatic SAM content, prevented DNA hypermethylation, and normalized the expression of critical genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. More importantly, NAM treatment prevented the development of fatty liver and fibrosis in GNMT-KO mice. Because GNMT expression is down-regulated in patients with cirrhosis, and because some subjects with GNMT mutations have spontaneous liver disease, the clinical implications of the present findings are obvious, at least with respect to these latter individuals. Because NAM has been used for many years to treat a broad spectrum of diseases (including pellagra and diabetes) without significant side effects, it should be considered in subjects with GNMT mutations. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate that the anomalous accumulation of SAM in GNMT-KO mice can be corrected by NAM treatment leading to the normalization of the expression of many genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis, as well as reversion of the appearance of the pathologic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Varela-Rey
- CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Dgestivas (CIBERehd), Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Nuria Martínez-López
- CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Dgestivas (CIBERehd), Bizkaia, Spain
| | - David Fernández-Ramos
- CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Dgestivas (CIBERehd), Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Nieves Embade
- CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Dgestivas (CIBERehd), Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Diego F. Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Aswhin Woodhoo
- CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Dgestivas (CIBERehd), Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Juan Rodríguez
- CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Dgestivas (CIBERehd), Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Mario F Fraga
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center of Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Rodríguez-Millán
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Itziar Frades
- CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Dgestivas (CIBERehd), Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Luís Torres
- Departmento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Spain
| | - Zigmund Luka
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Conrad Wagner
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Belvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Shelly C Lu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, University of Southern California Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - M Luz Martínez-Chantar
- CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Dgestivas (CIBERehd), Bizkaia, Spain
| | - José M Mato
- CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Dgestivas (CIBERehd), Bizkaia, Spain
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Abstract
Sun protective measures can reduce numbers of both precancerous actinic keratoses and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas within relatively short periods of time even in high-risk populations. Sunscreens, which tend to provide greater protection against shortwave UVB than against longer wavelength UVA radiation, can however provide only partial protection from the mutagenic and immune suppressive effects of sunlight. In large part, this reflects poor compliance with proper sunscreen application and reapplication. Skin cancer is by far the most common malignancy in Caucasian populations, and additional strategies to reduce the morbidity and economic burden of this disease are now urgently needed. Nicotinamide, the amide form of vitamin B3, is an inexpensive agent which is used for a variety of dermatological applications with little or no toxicity even at high doses. Nicotinamide has photoprotective effects against carcinogenesis and immune suppression in mice, and is photoimmunoprotective in humans when used as a lotion or orally. UV irradiation depletes keratinocytes of cellular energy and nicotinamide, which is a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, may act at least in part by providing energy repletion to irradiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diona L Damian
- Dermatology, Gloucester House Level 3, University of Sydney at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
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Lang R, Wahl A, Skurk T, Yagar EF, Schmiech L, Eggers R, Hauner H, Hofmann T. Development of a hydrophilic liquid interaction chromatography-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based stable isotope dilution analysis and pharmacokinetic studies on bioactive pyridines in human plasma and urine after coffee consumption. Anal Chem 2010; 82:1486-97. [PMID: 20073472 DOI: 10.1021/ac902616k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The paper reports on the development of an accurate hydrophilic liquid interaction chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS) based stable isotope dilution analysis for the simultaneous quantitation of the food-derived bioactive pyridines trigonelline, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, and N-methylpyridinium, as well as their key metabolites nicotinamide-N-oxide, N-methylnicotinamide, N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide, N-methyl-4-pyridone-5-carboxamide, and N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxylic acid in human plasma and urine. Precision of the stable isotope dilution analysis (SIDA) was 1.9% and 11.9% relative standard deviation (n = 6), and accuracy was between 92.4% and 113.0%. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 50 fmol (10 pmol/mL) injected onto the column for all analytes with the exception of N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxylic acid and N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide, for which an LLOQ of 100 fmol (20 pmol/mL) was found. The method was applied to monitor the plasma appearance and urinary excretion and to determine pharmacokinetic parameters of the bioactive pyridines as well as their metabolites in a clinical human intervention study with healthy volunteers (six women, seven men) after oral administration of 350 mL of a standard coffee beverage. Trigonelline plasma levels increased from 160 nmol/L to maximum concentrations of 5479 (males) or 6547 nmol/L (females), and N-methylpyridinium plasma levels raised from virtually complete absence to maximum values of 777 (females) or 804 nmol/L (males) within 2-3 and 1-2 h after coffee consumption, respectively. The high plasma levels of N-methylpyridinium found after coffee consumption clearly demonstrate for the first time that this cation is entering the vascular system, which is the prerequisite for biological in vivo effects claimed for that compound. In contrast, the coffee intervention did not significantly influence the plasma concentrations of N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide and N-methyl-4-pyridone-5-carboxamide, the major niacin metabolites. Within 8 h after coffee intervention, an urinary excretion of 57.4 +/- 6.9% of trigonelline and 69.1 +/- 6.2% of N-methylpyridinium was found for the male volunteers, whereas females excreted slightly less with 46.2 +/- 7.4% and 61.9 +/- 12.2% of these pyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Lang
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Strasse 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany.
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125
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Niaspan treatment induces neuroprotection after stroke. Neurobiol Dis 2010; 40:277-83. [PMID: 20554037 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Niaspan, an extended-release formulation of Niacin (vitamin B3), has been widely used to increase high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and to prevent cardiovascular diseases and stroke. In this study, we tested whether Niaspan administered acutely after stroke is neuroprotective. METHODS Adult male rats (n=8/group) were subjected to 2h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) and treated with or without different doses of Niaspan (20, 40 or 80 mg/kg) at 2 and 24h after MCAo. A battery of functional outcome tests was performed, and serum HDL and triglycerides were measured. Rats were sacrificed at 7 days after MCAo and lesion volumes were measured. The optimal dose of Niaspan treatment of stroke was chosen for immunostaining: deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL), cleaved caspase-3, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (p-PI3K). Another set of rats (n=4/group) were killed at 7 days after MCAo for Western blot assay. RESULTS Niaspan dose-dependently reduced infarct volume and improved functional outcome after stroke. No significant difference in HDL and triglyceride levels was detected between Niaspan treatments and MCAo control groups. Niaspan treatment significantly decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells (105+/-17) and cleaved caspase-3 expression (381+/-33) in the ischemic brain compared to MCAo control (165+/-18; 650+/-61, respectively; p<or=0.05). Niaspan treatment significantly reduced the expression of TNF-alpha (9.7+/-1.1% vs. 16+/-2.2%; p<or=0.05) and negative correlations were observed between the functional tests and the expression of TNF-alpha (r=-0.71, p<or=0.05). Niaspan treatment also significantly increased the expression of VEGF (5.2+/-0.9%) and PI3K/Akt (0.381+/-0.04%) in the ischemic brain compared with non-treated MCAo control (2.6+/-0.4%; 0.24+/-0.03, respectively; p<or=0.05). The functional outcome was positively correlated with p-PI3K (r=0.7, p<or=0.05). CONCLUSIONS Treatment of stroke with Niaspan at 2h after MCAo reduces infarct volume and improves neurological outcome and provides neuroprotection. The neuroprotective effects of Niaspan were associated with reduction of apoptosis and attenuation of TNF-alpha expression. VEGF and the PI3K/Akt pathway may contribute to the Niaspan-induced neuroprotection after stroke.
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Nowak R, Wrzosek A, Łukasiak A, Rutkowska M, Adamus J, Gebicki J, Dołowy K, Szewczyk A, Tarasiuk J. Effect of selected NAD+ analogues on mitochondria activity and proliferation of endothelial EA.hy926 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 640:102-11. [PMID: 20447392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the effect of 1-methylnicotinamide (MNA) and 1-methyl-3-nitropyridine (MNP) on mitochondria activity and proliferation of endothelial EA.hy926 cells. The activity of MNA was also referred to nicotinamide (NAM) being MNA metabolic precursor. NAM and MNA used at high concentrations (up to 1 mM) had no effect on mitochondria metabolism and proliferation of EA.hy926 cells. It could be related to the fact that these compounds hardly cross the cell membrane. It supports the results of our previous study suggesting that anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects of MNA could be associated with its ability to bind to glycosaminoglycans, especially heparins, located on the endothelium membrane without entering into target cells. In contrast, MNP caused substantial changes in mitochondria activity and proliferation of EA.hy926 cells. This compound used at low concentrations (below 100 microM) blocked the cell cycle of EA.hy926 cells in G1 phase and was very effective in inhibiting cell growth (IC50=13.8+/-2.4 microM). At higher concentrations (0.1-1 mM) MNP caused a significant reduction of cell survival. The observed effects of MNP could be related, at least in part, to its ability to influence the ATP and NAD+ intracellular levels. MNP caused also important changes in Ca2+ intracellular concentration, significant decrease in inner mitochondrial membrane potential and high increase in mitochondrial respiration of EA.hy926 cells. The observed effects of MNP may be related in part to its cellular metabolites detected after 45 min incubation with 250 microM MNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nowak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szczecin, 3c Felczaka St, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland
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Iraji F, Banan L. The efficacy of nicotinamide gel 4% as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of cutaneous erosions of pemphigus vulgaris. Dermatol Ther 2010; 23:308-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8019.2010.01329.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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128
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Ciebiada-Adamiec A, Małafiej E, Ciebiada I. Inhibitory effect of nicotinamide on enzymatic activity of selected fungal strains causing skin infection. Mycoses 2010; 53:204-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2009.01696.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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129
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Goffus AM, Anderson GD, Hoane M. Sustained delivery of nicotinamide limits cortical injury and improves functional recovery following traumatic brain injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2010; 3:145-52. [PMID: 20716938 PMCID: PMC2952098 DOI: 10.4161/oxim.3.2.11315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have demonstrated that nicotinamide (NAM), a neuroprotective soluble B-group vitamin, improves recovery of function following traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, no prior studies have examined whether NAM is beneficial following continuous infusions over 7 days post-TBI. The purpose of this study was to investigate the preclinical efficacy of NAM treatment as it might be delivered clinically; over several days by slow infusion. Rats were prepared with either unilateral controlled cortical impact (CCI) injuries or sham procedures and divided into three groups: CCI-NAM, CCI-vehicle, and sham. Thirty minutes following CCI, Alzet osmotic mini-pumps were implanted subcutaneously. NAM was delivered at a rate of 50 mg/kg/day for 7 days immediately post-CCI. On day 7 following injury, the pumps were removed and blood draws were collected for serum NAM and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) analyses. Starting on day 2 post-CCI, animals were tested on a battery of sensorimotor tests (bilateral tactile adhesive removal, locomotor placing, and limb-use asymmetry). Continuous infusion of NAM resulted in a significant serum elevation in NAM, but not NAD+. Statistical analyses of the tactile removal and locomotor placing data revealed that continuous administration of NAM significantly reduced the initial magnitude of the injury deficit and improved overall recovery compared to the vehicle-treated animals. NAM treatment also significantly decreased limb-use asymmetries compared to vehicle-treated animals. The overall extent of the cortical damage was also reduced by NAM treatment. No detrimental effects were seen following continuous infusion. The present results suggest that NAM delivered via a clinically relevant therapeutic regimen may truncate behavioral damage following TBI. Thus our results offer strong support for translation into the clinical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Goffus
- Restorative Neuroscience Laboratory, Center for Integrative Research in Cognitive and Neural Sciences, Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
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130
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Goffus AM, Anderson GD, Hoane MR. Sustained delivery of nicotinamide limits cortical injury and improves functional recovery following traumatic brain injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2010. [PMID: 20716938 PMCID: PMC2952098 DOI: 10.4161/oxim.3.2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have demonstrated that nicotinamide (NAM), a neuroprotective soluble B-group vitamin, improves recovery of function following traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, no prior studies have examined whether NAM is beneficial following continuous infusions over 7 days post-TBI. The purpose of this study was to investigate the preclinical efficacy of NAM treatment as it might be delivered clinically; over several days by slow infusion. Rats were prepared with either unilateral controlled cortical impact (CCI) injuries or sham procedures and divided into three groups: CCI-NAM, CCI-vehicle, and sham. Thirty minutes following CCI, Alzet osmotic mini-pumps were implanted subcutaneously. NAM was delivered at a rate of 50 mg/kg/day for 7 days immediately post-CCI. On day 7 following injury, the pumps were removed and blood draws were collected for serum NAM and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) analyses. Starting on day 2 post-CCI, animals were tested on a battery of sensorimotor tests (bilateral tactile adhesive removal, locomotor placing, and limb-use asymmetry). Continuous infusion of NAM resulted in a significant serum elevation in NAM, but not NAD+. Statistical analyses of the tactile removal and locomotor placing data revealed that continuous administration of NAM significantly reduced the initial magnitude of the injury deficit and improved overall recovery compared to the vehicle-treated animals. NAM treatment also significantly decreased limb-use asymmetries compared to vehicle-treated animals. The overall extent of the cortical damage was also reduced by NAM treatment. No detrimental effects were seen following continuous infusion. The present results suggest that NAM delivered via a clinically relevant therapeutic regimen may truncate behavioral damage following TBI. Thus our results offer strong support for translation into the clinical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Goffus
- Restorative Neuroscience Laboratory; Center for Integrative Research in Cognitive and Neural Sciences; Department of Psychology; Southern Illinois University; Carbondale, IL USA
| | - Gail D Anderson
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Washington; Seattle, WA USA
| | - Michael R Hoane
- Restorative Neuroscience Laboratory; Center for Integrative Research in Cognitive and Neural Sciences; Department of Psychology; Southern Illinois University; Carbondale, IL USA
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Abstract
In the cosmetic arena, many materials are used commercially and claim to provide skin effects (eg, antiaging effects) when used topically. Considering there are so many such materials and many skin appearance effects are encompassed, this short contribution must, by necessity, be selective in terms of the number of materials discussed and the depth with which any particular material is overviewed. This presentation, therefore, focuses on only 10 types of cosmeceutical agents: five vitamins (A, B(3), C, E, panthenol), peptides, hydroxyl acids, sugar amines, ceramides, and metals. In particular, this contribution concentrates on those materials for which there are available clinical data that support a reported skin appearance improvement effect.
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Nicotinamide inhibits Propionibacterium acnes-induced IL-8 production in keratinocytes through the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. J Dermatol Sci 2009; 56:106-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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133
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Maiese K, Chong ZZ, Hou J, Shang YC. The vitamin nicotinamide: translating nutrition into clinical care. Molecules 2009; 14:3446-85. [PMID: 19783937 PMCID: PMC2756609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14093446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Revised: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide, the amide form of vitamin B(3) (niacin), is changed to its mononucleotide compound with the enzyme nicotinic acide/nicotinamide adenylyltransferase, and participates in the cellular energy metabolism that directly impacts normal physiology. However, nicotinamide also influences oxidative stress and modulates multiple pathways tied to both cellular survival and death. During disorders that include immune system dysfunction, diabetes, and aging-related diseases, nicotinamide is a robust cytoprotectant that blocks cellular inflammatory cell activation, early apoptotic phosphatidylserine exposure, and late nuclear DNA degradation. Nicotinamide relies upon unique cellular pathways that involve forkhead transcription factors, sirtuins, protein kinase B (Akt), Bad, caspases, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase that may offer a fine line with determining cellular longevity, cell survival, and unwanted cancer progression. If one is cognizant of the these considerations, it becomes evident that nicotinamide holds great potential for multiple disease entities, but the development of new therapeutic strategies rests heavily upon the elucidation of the novel cellular pathways that nicotinamide closely governs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cerebral Ischemia, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
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134
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Altmeyer M, Hottiger MO. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 at the crossroad of metabolic stress and inflammation in aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2009; 1:458-69. [PMID: 20157531 PMCID: PMC2806023 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a chromatin-associated nuclear protein, which functions as molecular stress sensor. Reactive oxygen species, responsible for the most plausible and currently acceptable global mechanism to explain the aging process, strongly activate the enzymatic activity of PARP1 and the formation of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) from NAD(+). Consumption of NAD(+) links PARP1 to energy metabolism and to a large number of NAD(+)-dependent enzymes, such as the sirtuins. As transcriptional cofactor for NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression, PARP1 is also connected to the immune response, which is implicated in almost all age-related or associated diseases. Accordingly, numerous experimental studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of PARP inhibition for several age-related diseases. This review summarizes recent findings on PARP1 and puts them in the context of metabolic stress and inflammation in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Altmeyer
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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135
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High rate of deficiency in the amino acids tryptophan and histidine in people with wounds: implication for nutrient targeting in wound management--a pilot study. Adv Skin Wound Care 2009; 22:79-82. [PMID: 19155712 DOI: 10.1097/01.asw.0000345280.20779.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition resulting from inadequate protein, energy, or micronutrient intake has been identified as an independent risk factor for the development of pressure ulcers in older adult patients and is associated with increased morbidity and death. OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between albumin, the standard biochemical marker of nutritional adequacy, and amino acid status in people with wounds. METHODS The authors performed tests for serum albumin, prealbumin, and amino acid profiles on 18 consecutive hospital patients with wounds and 7 patients without wounds. RESULTS A low level of the essential amino acids tryptophan and histidine was a common finding in older people with wounds. Of the 18 consecutive wound cases, 16 (88.9%) were found to be deficient in tryptophan, histidine, or both. Moreover, levels were generally found to be lower than those in the group without wounds. The levels of all other amino acids were essentially normal for all patients. Finally, although serum albumin is often used as a surrogate marker of amino acid adequacy or nutritional status, clinically abnormal albumin had poor specificity (63.2%), poor sensitivity (60.7%), and low positive predictive value (70.8%) for the identification of a low tryptophan or histidine level. CONCLUSIONS People with wounds are a relatively at-risk group and are likely to be overlooked in terms of micronutrient deficiencies, and these findings have important implications in terms of potential specific targeting of nutrient supplementation.
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136
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Production of l-tryptophan-derived catabolites in hepatocytes from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Eur J Nutr 2009; 48:145-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-009-0774-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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137
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Intracellular NAD levels regulate tumor necrosis factor protein synthesis in a sirtuin-dependent manner. Nat Med 2009; 15:206-10. [PMID: 19151729 DOI: 10.1038/nm.1906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) synthesis is known to play a major part in numerous inflammatory disorders, and multiple transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms have therefore evolved to dampen the production of this key proinflammatory cytokine. The high expression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt), an enzyme involved in the nicotinamide-dependent NAD biosynthetic pathway, in cells of the immune system has led us to examine the potential relationship between NAD metabolism and inflammation. We show here that intracellular NAD concentration promotes TNF synthesis by activated immune cells. Using a positive screen, we have identified Sirt6, a member of the sirtuin family, as the NAD-dependent enzyme able to regulate TNF production by acting at a post-transcriptional step. These studies reveal a previously undescribed relationship between metabolism and the inflammatory response and identify Sirt6 and the nicotinamide-dependent NAD biosynthetic pathway as novel candidates for immunointervention in an inflammatory setting.
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138
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Shen M, Yen A. Nicotinamide cooperates with retinoic acid and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) to regulate cell differentiation and cell cycle arrest of human myeloblastic leukemia cells. Oncology 2009; 76:91-100. [PMID: 19127080 DOI: 10.1159/000188664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide, the amide derivative of vitamin B(3), cooperates with retinoic acid (RA), a form of vitamin A, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (D3), to regulate cell differentiation and proliferation of human myeloblastic leukemia cells. In human myeloblastic leukemia cells, RA or D3 are known to cause MAPK signaling leading to myeloid or monocytic differentiation and G0 cell cycle arrest. In this process, RA or D3 induces the early expression of CD38, a receptor that causes ERK signaling and propels further differentiation. Our study demonstrates that nicotinamide in combination with RA or D3 affected induced expression levels of CD38, CD11b and CD14, suggesting a cooperative function of nicotinamide and RA or D3. Nicotinamide transiently retarded the initial RA- or D3-induced expression of CD38, which subsequently reached the same nearly 100% expression. Nicotinamide induced ERK activation and further enhanced the RA-induced ERK activation, but the D3-induced ERK activation was diminished by nicotinamide, although levels still exceeded those induced by RA, suggesting lineage-specific nicotinamide responses. Nicotinamide enhanced both RA- and D3-induced CD11b expression, inducible oxidative metabolism, and G0 cell cycle arrest, accelerating their induced occurrence in all instances. Consistent with this, the RA- or D3-induced downregulation of PARP was enhanced by nicotinamide. Nicotinamide thus regulated RA- or D3-induced differentiation and G0 arrest, causing a transient delay in certain early aspects of the progression to terminal differentiation but ultimately accelerating the occurrence of terminally, functionally differentiated G0 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoqing Shen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. 14853, USA
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139
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Pietrzak L, Mogielnicki A, Buczko W. Nicotinamide and its metabolite N-methylnicotinamide increase skin vascular permeability in rats. Clin Exp Dermatol 2008; 34:380-4. [PMID: 19175785 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2008.02922.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that topically applied nicotinamide and its metabolite N-methylnicotinamide (NMN(+)) might be useful agents for treatment of dermatological disorders such as acne vulgaris and rosacea. AIM This study aimed to find out if the mechanism of these therapeutic effects depends on their vascular effects, by investigating if nicotinamide and NMN(+) are able to influence vascular permeability of the vessels in the skin on the back of Wistar rats. METHODS AND RESULTS A dose-dependent increase in vascular permeability was seen in rats treated intradermally with nicotinamide and NMN(+). Interestingly, a significantly stronger effect of NMN(+) compared with nicotinamide was evident. Increased vascular permeability in rats treated with 0.5% NMN(+) ointment was seen. Moreover, indomethacin, a cyclo-oxygenase 1 and 2 inhibitor and N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, reduced the observed effects of nicotinamide and NMN(+). CONCLUSIONS This study provides direct in vivo evidence that nicotinamide and its metabolite NMN(+) increase skin vascular permeability in rats by a mechanism that may involve NO and prostaglandins.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pietrzak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
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140
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Pero RW, Lund H, Leanderson T. Antioxidant metabolism induced by quinic acid. increased urinary excretion of tryptophan and nicotinamide. Phytother Res 2008; 23:335-46. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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141
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Abstract
Obesity often co-presents with other cardiometabolic risk factors such as dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and hypertension. Less well appreciated is that dysregulation of adipokine production by excess adipose tissue also promotes a state of low-level systemic chronic inflammation and a prothrombotic state, implicated in the development of both atherosclerosis and subsequently cardiovascular events. Lifestyle modification and pharmacological therapy can reduce cardiometabolic risk, a benefit that may be partly due to their effects on adipokine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bakhai
- Thames House, Barnet General Hospital, Barnet & Chase Farm NHS Trust, Wellhouse Lane, Barnet EN5 3DJ, England, UK.
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142
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Gorczynski RM, Terzioglu E. Aging and the immune system. Int Urol Nephrol 2008; 40:1117-25. [PMID: 18683074 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-008-9412-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with many physiological changes in a variety of organ systems. Nevertheless, considerable interest has centred on the possibility that age-related immunological changes may play a key "master" role in regulating many, if not all, subsequent events. A growing body of data, some of it highlighted in this review, supports the notion that host resistance in general is changed in both a qualitative and quantitative manner with age, though the biochemical mechanism(s) underlying such changes are not unique to the immune system per se. Moreover, interventions designed to explore treatments which may reverse some or all of those age-related changes have pointed out a fundamentally important role for nutrition, and the way(s) in which this impacts on host resistance mechanism(s), as having a hitherto unappreciated importance in immunosenescence in general.
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Brzozowski T, Konturek PC, Chlopicki S, Sliwowski Z, Pawlik M, Ptak-Belowska A, Kwiecień S, Drozdowicz D, Pajdo R, Slonimska E, Konturek SJ, Pawlik WW. Therapeutic Potential of 1-Methylnicotinamide against Acute Gastric Lesions Induced by Stress: Role of Endogenous Prostacyclin and Sensory Nerves. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 326:105-116. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.108.136457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Maiese K. Triple play: promoting neurovascular longevity with nicotinamide, WNT, and erythropoietin in diabetes mellitus. Biomed Pharmacother 2008; 62:218-32. [PMID: 18342481 PMCID: PMC2431130 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2008.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a principal pathway for the dysfunction and ultimate destruction of cells in the neuronal and vascular systems for several disease entities, not promoting the ravages of oxidative stress to any less of a degree than diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is increasing in incidence as a result of changes in human behavior that relate to diet and daily exercise and is predicted to affect almost 400 million individuals worldwide in another two decades. Furthermore, both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus can lead to significant disability in the nervous and cardiovascular systems, such as cognitive loss and cardiac insufficiency. As a result, innovative strategies that directly target oxidative stress to preserve neuronal and vascular longevity could offer viable therapeutic options to diabetic patients in addition to more conventional treatments that are designed to control serum glucose levels. Here we discuss the novel application of nicotinamide, Wnt signaling, and erythropoietin that modulate cellular oxidative stress and offer significant promise for the prevention of diabetic complications in the nervous and vascular systems. Essential to this process is the precise focus upon diverse as well as common cellular pathways governed by nicotinamide, Wnt signaling, and erythropoietin to outline not only the potential benefits, but also the challenges and possible detriments of these therapies. In this way, new avenues of investigation can hopefully bypass toxic complications, or at the very least, avoid contraindications that may limit care and offer both safe and robust clinical treatment for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cerebral Ischemia, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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145
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Draelos ZD. Clinical situations conducive to proactive skin health and anti-aging improvement. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 2008; 13:25-27. [PMID: 18369336 DOI: 10.1038/jidsymp.2008.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The skin barrier, consisting of corneocytes with interspersed intercellular lipids, is a dynamic structure responsible for providing an interface between the body and the environment. When this barrier functions optimally, it can more effectively prevent skin damage that would otherwise be induced by contact with noxious environmental factors such as surfactants. Dermatologic disease also causes barrier damage that is manifested as pruritic, erythematous, desquamative skin. The use of barrier-enhancing skin cleansers and moisturizers can both maintain and aid in the restoration of skin health. New developments particularly in the realm of petrolatum-depositing liquid cleansers and niacinamide-containing moisturizers offer therapeutic solutions for diseased and healthy skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Diana Draelos
- Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
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146
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Biedroń R, Ciszek M, Tokarczyk M, Bobek M, Kurnyta M, Słominska EM, Smoleński RT, Marcinkiewicz J. 1-Methylnicotinamide and nicotinamide: two related anti-inflammatory agents that differentially affect the functions of activated macrophages. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2008; 56:127-34. [PMID: 18373238 PMCID: PMC2766500 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-008-0009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 1-Methylnicotinamide (MNA), a major metabolite of nicotinamide (NA), is known to exert anti-inflammatory effects in vivo. Treatment of inflammatory skin diseases by topical application of MNA provides certain advantages over the use of NA. However, in contrast to NA, the molecular mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory properties of MNA are not well known. In this study the influence of exogenous MNA and NA in vivo on the generation of inflammatory mediators by macrophages (Mvarphi) was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peritoneal Mvarphi of CBA/J mice were activated in vitro with lipopolysaccharide and incubated with MNA or NA. The effect of these compounds on biological functions of Mvarphi was measured by evaluation of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence, cytokines and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) by ELISA, and nitric oxide (NO) by the Griess method. Moreover, the expressions of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 were measured by Western blotting. RESULTS It was shown that at non-cytotoxic concentrations, NA inhibits the production of a variety of pro-inflammatory agents, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, NO, PGE(2), and the generation of ROS. In contrast to NA, exogenous MNA inhibited only the generation of ROS, while its effect on the synthesis of other mediators was negligible. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the anti-inflammatory properties of MNA demonstrated previously in vivo do not depend on its capacity to suppress the functions of immune cells, but more likely may be related to its action on vascular endothelium. The authors suggest that the limited permeability for exogenous MNA, in contrast to that for NA, may be responsible for its lack of suppressor activity against Mvarphi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Biedroń
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Ciszek
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marianna Tokarczyk
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Bobek
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Kurnyta
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa M. Słominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Janusz Marcinkiewicz
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
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147
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Plaisance EP, Grandjean PW, Brunson BL, Judd RL. Increased total and high-molecular weight adiponectin after extended-release niacin. Metabolism 2008; 57:404-9. [PMID: 18249215 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2007.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2007] [Accepted: 10/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Niacin has recently been shown to increase serum total concentrations of the adipocyte-derived protein adiponectin. Adiponectin possesses important vascular anti-inflammatory and metabolic properties that have been attributed to the active high-molecular weight (HMW) complex of the protein. Our purpose was to examine the influence of extended-release niacin on the distribution of HMW and low-molecular weight (LMW) adiponectin complexes. Fifteen men with the metabolic syndrome were treated for 6 weeks with extended-release niacin. Serum total adiponectin concentrations increased by 46% after the niacin intervention (P < .05). High-molecular weight adiponectin accounted for 63% of the increase in total adiponectin, which was reflected by a shift in the HMW/LMW adiponectin ratio from 0.69 to 0.86 (+25%) (P < .05). Serum insulin concentrations increased by 20% after the niacin intervention despite an increase in HMW adiponectin concentrations (P < .05). These results suggest that the increase in total adiponectin concentrations observed with extended-release niacin is primarily due to an increase in the active HMW complex. Therefore, at least part of the cardioprotective benefits of niacin may be attributed to a shift in the HMW/LMW adiponectin ratio in obese men with the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Plaisance
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Boshell Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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148
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Mono ADP-ribosylation inhibitors prevent inflammatory cytokine release in alveolar epithelial cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2007; 310:77-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-007-9667-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Accepted: 11/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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149
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Athyros VG, Tziomalos K, Mikhailidis DP, Pagourelias ED, Kakafika AI, Skaperdas A, Hatzitolios A, Karagiannis A. Do we need a statin-nicotinic acid-aspirin mini-polypill to treat combined hyperlipidaemia? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2007; 8:2267-77. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.8.14.2267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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150
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Ji D, Li GY, Osborne NN. Nicotinamide attenuates retinal ischemia and light insults to neurones. Neurochem Int 2007; 52:786-98. [PMID: 17976861 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2007.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2007] [Revised: 09/10/2007] [Accepted: 09/13/2007] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present studies was to determine whether nicotinamide is effective in blunting the negative influence of ischemia/reperfusion to the rat retina in situ and of light to transformed retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5 cells) in culture. Ischemia was delivered to the retina of one eye of rats by raising the intraocular pressure. Nicotinamide was administered intraperitoneally just before ischemia and into the vitreous immediately after the insult. Electroretinograms (ERGs) of both eyes were recorded before and 5 days after ischemia. Seven days after ischemia, retinas were analysed for the localization of various antigens. Retinal and optic nerve extracts were also prepared for analysis of specific proteins and mRNAs. Also, RGC-5 cells in culture were given a light insult (1000 lux, 48 and 96 h) and evidence for reduced viability and apoptosis determined by a variety of procedures. Nicotinamide was added to some cultures to see whether it reversed the negative effect of light. Ischemia/reperfusion to the retina affected the localization of Thy-1, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the a- and b-wave amplitudes of the ERG, the content of various retinal and optic nerve proteins and mRNAs. Significantly, nicotinamide statistically blunted many of the effects induced by ischemia/reperfusion which included the activation of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). Light-induced apoptosis of RGC-5 cells in culture was attenuated by nicotinamide and the PARP inhibitor NU1025. The presented data show that nicotinamide attenuates injury to the retina and RGC-5 cells in culture caused by ischemia/reperfusion and by light, respectively. Evidence is provided to suggest that nicotinamide acts as a PARP inhibitor and possibly an antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ji
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, University of Oxford, Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6AW, UK
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