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Thanasarnthungcharoen C, Chanasit S, Fievez L, Kaewamatawong T, Patniboon P, Lin PJC, Bureau F, Jacquet A. Immunotherapeutic effects of specific and nonspecific mRNA-lipid nanoparticles in a mouse model of HDM-induced airway inflammation. Allergy 2024. [PMID: 38328982 DOI: 10.1111/all.16049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Supapich Chanasit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Laurence Fievez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Theerayuth Kaewamatawong
- Veterinary Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyachat Patniboon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paulo J C Lin
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fabrice Bureau
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alain Jacquet
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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2
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Belhaouane I, Pochet A, Chatagnon J, Hoffmann E, Queval CJ, Deboosère N, Boidin-Wichlacz C, Majlessi L, Sencio V, Heumel S, Vandeputte A, Werkmeister E, Fievez L, Bureau F, Rouillé Y, Trottein F, Chamaillard M, Brodin P, Machelart A. Tirap controls Mycobacterium tuberculosis phagosomal acidification. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011192. [PMID: 36888688 PMCID: PMC9994722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Progression of tuberculosis is tightly linked to a disordered immune balance, resulting in inability of the host to restrict intracellular bacterial replication and its subsequent dissemination. The immune response is mainly characterized by an orchestrated recruitment of inflammatory cells secreting cytokines. This response results from the activation of innate immunity receptors that trigger downstream intracellular signaling pathways involving adaptor proteins such as the TIR-containing adaptor protein (Tirap). In humans, resistance to tuberculosis is associated with a loss-of-function in Tirap. Here, we explore how genetic deficiency in Tirap impacts resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection in a mouse model and ex vivo. Interestingly, compared to wild type littermates, Tirap heterozygous mice were more resistant to Mtb infection. Upon investigation at the cellular level, we observed that mycobacteria were not able to replicate in Tirap-deficient macrophages compared to wild type counterparts. We next showed that Mtb infection induced Tirap expression which prevented phagosomal acidification and rupture. We further demonstrate that the Tirap-mediated anti-tuberculosis effect occurs through a Cish-dependent signaling pathway. Our findings provide new molecular evidence about how Mtb manipulates innate immune signaling to enable intracellular replication and survival of the pathogen, thus paving the way for host-directed approaches to treat tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imène Belhaouane
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Amine Pochet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jonathan Chatagnon
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Eik Hoffmann
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christophe J. Queval
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie Deboosère
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Céline Boidin-Wichlacz
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Laleh Majlessi
- Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Valentin Sencio
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Séverine Heumel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Vandeputte
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Elisabeth Werkmeister
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41—UMS 2014—PLBS, Lille, France
| | - Laurence Fievez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA-Research, Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Bureau
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA-Research, Liège, Belgium
| | - Yves Rouillé
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - François Trottein
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mathias Chamaillard
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, INSERM U1003, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Priscille Brodin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- * E-mail: (PB); (AM)
| | - Arnaud Machelart
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- * E-mail: (PB); (AM)
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3
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Liégeois M, Bai Q, Fievez L, Pirottin D, Legrand C, Guiot J, Schleich F, Corhay JL, Louis R, Marichal T, Bureau F. Airway Macrophages Encompass Transcriptionally and Functionally Distinct Subsets Altered by Smoking. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:241-252. [PMID: 35522264 PMCID: PMC9348561 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0563oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are functionally important innate cells involved in lung homeostasis and immunity and whose diversity in health and disease is a subject of intense investigations. Yet, it remains unclear to what extent conditions like smoking or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) trigger changes in the AM compartment. Here, we aimed to explore heterogeneity of human AMs isolated from healthy nonsmokers, smokers without COPD, and smokers with COPD by analyzing BAL fluid cells by flow cytometry and bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing. We found that subpopulations of BAL fluid CD206+ macrophages could be distinguished based on their degree of autofluorescence in each subject analyzed. CD206+ autofluorescenthigh AMs were identified as classical, self-proliferative AM, whereas autofluorescentlow AMs were expressing both monocyte and classical AM-related genes, supportive of a monocytic origin. Of note, monocyte-derived autofluorescentlow AMs exhibited a functionally distinct immunoregulatory profile, including the ability to secrete the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10. Interestingly, single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses showed that transcriptionally distinct clusters of classical and monocyte-derived AM were uniquely enriched in smokers with and without COPD as compared with healthy nonsmokers. Of note, such smoking-associated clusters exhibited gene signatures enriched in detoxification, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory responses. Our study independently confirms previous reports supporting that monocyte-derived macrophages coexist with classical AM in the airways of healthy subjects and patients with COPD and identifies smoking-associated changes in the AM compartment that may favor COPD initiation or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qiang Bai
- Liege University, 26658, GIGA Institute, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Dimitri Pirottin
- Liege University, 26658, GIGA Institute, Liege, Belgium.,Liege University, 26658, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Julien Guiot
- CHU de Liege - Hopital du Sart Tilman, 82316, Pneumology, Liege, Belgium
| | - Florence Schleich
- CHU de Liege - Hopital du Sart Tilman, 82316, Respiratory Medicine, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Renaud Louis
- University of Liege, Department of Respiratory Diseases, Liege, Belgium
| | - Thomas Marichal
- Liege University, 26658, GIGA Institute, Liege, Belgium.,Liege University, 26658, Veterinary Medicine, Liege, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Bureau
- Liege University, 26658, GIGA Institute, Liege, Belgium;
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Donneau AF, Guillaume M, Bours V, Dandoy M, Darcis G, Desmecht D, Diep AN, Fievez L, Garigliany MM, Gillain N, Husson E, Michel F, Moutschen M, Paridans M, Benoît P, Sabatel C, Saegerman C, Tytgat A, Gillet L, Bureau F. University population-based prospective cohort study of SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunity (SARSSURV-ULiège): a study protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e055721. [PMID: 35078848 PMCID: PMC8795924 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For a safe and sustainable return to normal functioning of academic activities in higher education, objective-driven testing strategies that are flexible and rapidly adaptable are essential to effectively monitor and respond to new developments of the COVID-19 pandemic. To date, prospective longitudinal research on SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing in saliva and seroprevalence in higher education contexts is substantially lacking, limiting our understanding of COVID-19 prevalence, incidence and nature of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 at various stages of the infection and vaccination. To address this lack of evidence, a prospective population-based cohort study (SARSSURV-ULiège) has recently been started. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Students (n=1396) and staff members (n=1143) of the University of Liège are followed up over more than 1 year. All participants are required to complete anamnestic, clinical and vaccine hesitancy questionnaires for medical histories and undertaken treatments. Previous proven or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection is also registered. In phase 1, weekly saliva samples to perform RT-qPCR to detect SARS-CoV-2 and monthly COVID-19 serological rapid test results are collected. Once being positive to either saliva RT-qPCR assay for SARS-CoV-2 presence or to serological test, the participant is invited to enter phase 2. If participants get vaccinated during the study period, they are invited to phase 2. In this second phase, besides weekly saliva self-test, depending on the participants' profiles, both gargle and blood samples are collected to obtain various biological data to measure the presence of neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, determine the magnitude and the duration of antibody responses over time. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has received the approval from the University Hospital of Liège Ethics Committee (reference number 2021/96, dated 26 March 2021). Potential protocol amendments will be presented to the Research Ethics Committee. The findings of the present study will be presented at scientific conferences and the results published in peer-review publications. Weekly reports will be submitted to the risk assessment group and the risk management group against COVID-19 of the university to enable a timely public health action if necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michèle Guillaume
- Biostatistics Unit - Public Health Department, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincent Bours
- Human Genetics Department, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Margaux Dandoy
- COVID-19 Platform of University of Liège, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gilles Darcis
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Daniel Desmecht
- Department of Pathology, FARAH, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Anh Nguyet Diep
- Biostatistics Unit - Public Health Department, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurence Fievez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA Institute, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Nicolas Gillain
- Biostatistics Unit - Public Health Department, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Eddy Husson
- Biostatistics Unit - Public Health Department, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Michel
- Récolte et Analyse de Données et d'Information d'Utilité Stratégique (RADIUS), Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michel Moutschen
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Pétre Benoît
- Public Health Department, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Catherine Sabatel
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA Institute, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Claude Saegerman
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Amandine Tytgat
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA Institute, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurent Gillet
- Laboratory of Immunology-Vaccinology, FARAH, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Bureau
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA Institute, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
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Cyriaque V, Madsen JS, Fievez L, Leroy B, Hansen LH, Bureau F, Sørensen SJ, Wattiez R. Lead Drives Complex Dynamics of a Conjugative Plasmid in a Bacterial Community. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:655903. [PMID: 34122370 PMCID: PMC8195591 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.655903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmids carrying metal resistance genes (MRGs) have been suggested to be key ecological players in the adaptation of metal-impacted microbial communities, making them promising drivers of bio-remediation processes. However, the impact of metals on plasmid-mediated spread of MRGs through selection, plasmid loss, and transfer is far from being fully understood. In the present study, we used two-member bacterial communities to test the impact of lead on the dispersal of the IncP plasmid pKJK5 from a Pseudomonas putida KT2440 plasmid donor and two distinct recipients, Variovorax paradoxus B4 or Delftia acidovorans SPH-1 after 4 and 10 days of mating. Two versions of the plasmid were used, carrying or not carrying the lead resistance pbrTRABCD operon, to assess the importance of fitness benefit and conjugative potential for the dispersal of the plasmid. The spread dynamics of metal resistance conveyed by the conjugative plasmid were dependent on the recipient and the lead concentration: For V. paradoxus, the pbr operon did not facilitate neither lead resistance nor variation in plasmid spread. The growth gain brought by the pbr operon to D. acidovorans SPH-1 and P. putida KT2440 at 1 mM Pb enhanced the spread of the plasmid. At 1.5 mM Pb after 4 days, the proteomics results revealed an oxidative stress response and an increased abundance of pKJK5-encoded conjugation and partitioning proteins, which most likely increased the transfer of the control plasmid to D. acidovorans SPH-1 and ensured plasmid maintenance. As a consequence, we observed an increased spread of pKJK5-gfp. Conversely, the pbr operon reduced the oxidative stress response and impeded the rise of conjugation- and partitioning-associated proteins, which slowed down the spread of the pbr carrying plasmid. Ultimately, when a fitness gain was recorded in the recipient strain, the spread of MRG-carrying plasmids was facilitated through positive selection at an intermediate metal concentration, while a high lead concentration induced oxidative stress with positive impacts on proteins encoding plasmid conjugation and partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Cyriaque
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Microbiology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium.,Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Stenløkke Madsen
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laurence Fievez
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Service, GIGA Research, University of Liège (ULG), Liège, Belgium
| | - Baptiste Leroy
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Microbiology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Lars H Hansen
- Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Fabrice Bureau
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Service, GIGA Research, University of Liège (ULG), Liège, Belgium
| | - Søren J Sørensen
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruddy Wattiez
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Microbiology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
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Fastrès A, Pirottin D, Fievez L, Tutunaru AC, Bolen G, Merveille AC, Marichal T, Desmet CJ, Bureau F, Clercx C. Identification of Pro-Fibrotic Macrophage Populations by Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis in West Highland White Terriers Affected With Canine Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:611749. [PMID: 33384697 PMCID: PMC7770158 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.611749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (CIPF) affects old dogs from the West Highland white terrier (WHWT) breed and mimics idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in human. The disease results from deposition of fibrotic tissue in the lung parenchyma causing respiratory failure. Recent studies in IPF using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) revealed the presence of profibrotic macrophage populations in the lung, which could be targeted for therapeutic purpose. In dogs, scRNA-seq was recently validated for the detection of cell populations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from healthy dogs. Here we used the scRNA-seq to characterize disease-related heterogeneity within cell populations of macrophages/monocytes (Ma/Mo) in the BALF from five WHWTs affected with CIPF in comparison with three healthy WHWTs. Gene set enrichment analysis was also used to assess pro-fibrotic capacities of Ma/Mo populations. Five clusters of Ma/Mo were identified. Gene set enrichment analyses revealed the presence of pro-fibrotic monocytes in higher proportion in CIPF WHWTs than in healthy WHWTs. In addition, monocyte-derived macrophages enriched in pro-fibrotic genes in CIPF compared with healthy WHWTs were also identified. These results suggest the implication of Ma/Mo clusters in CIPF processes, although, further research is needed to understand their role in disease pathogenesis. Overexpressed molecules associated with pulmonary fibrosis processes were also identified that could be used as biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Fastrès
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Dimitri Pirottin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department Functional Sciences and GIGA-Inflammation, Infection & Immunity, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurence Fievez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department Functional Sciences and GIGA-Inflammation, Infection & Immunity, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alexandru-Cosmin Tutunaru
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Bolen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Anne-Christine Merveille
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Thomas Marichal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department Functional Sciences and GIGA-Inflammation, Infection & Immunity, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe J Desmet
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department Functional Sciences and GIGA-Inflammation, Infection & Immunity, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Bureau
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department Functional Sciences and GIGA-Inflammation, Infection & Immunity, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Cécile Clercx
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Fastrès A, Pirottin D, Fievez L, Marichal T, Desmet CJ, Bureau F, Clercx C. Characterization of the Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid by Single Cell Gene Expression Analysis in Healthy Dogs: A Promising Technique. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1707. [PMID: 32849601 PMCID: PMC7406785 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell mRNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a technique which enables unbiased, high throughput and high-resolution transcriptomic analysis of the heterogeneity of cells within a population. This recent technique has been described in humans, mice and other species in various conditions to cluster cells in populations and identify new subpopulations, as well as to study the gene expression of cells in various tissues, conditions and origins. In dogs, a species for which markers of cell populations are often limiting, scRNA-seq presents with elevated yet untested potential for the study of tissue composition. As a proof of principle, we used scRNA-seq to identify cellular populations of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in healthy dogs (n = 4). A total of 5,710 cells were obtained and analyzed by scRNA-seq. Fourteen distinct clusters of cells were identified, further identified as macrophages/monocytes (4 clusters), T cells (2 clusters) and B cells (1 cluster), neutrophils (1 cluster), mast cells (1 cluster), mature or immature dendritic cells (1 cluster each), ciliated or non-ciliated epithelial cells (1 cluster each) and cycling cells (1 cluster). We used for the first time in dogs the scRNA-seq to investigate cellular subpopulations of the BALF of dog. This study hence expands our knowledge on dog lung immune cell populations, paves the way for the investigation at single-cell level of lower respiratory diseases in dogs, and establishes that scRNA-seq is a powerful tool for the study of dog tissue composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Fastrès
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Dimitri Pirottin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Functional Sciences and GIGA-Inflammation, Infection and Immunity, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurence Fievez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Functional Sciences and GIGA-Inflammation, Infection and Immunity, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Thomas Marichal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Functional Sciences and GIGA-Inflammation, Infection and Immunity, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe J Desmet
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Functional Sciences and GIGA-Inflammation, Infection and Immunity, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Bureau
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Functional Sciences and GIGA-Inflammation, Infection and Immunity, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Cécile Clercx
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Abstract
Despite their superficial localization in the skin, pathogenic dermatophytes can induce a complex but still misunderstood immune response in their hosts. The cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is correlated with both clinical recovery and protection against reinfection, and CD4+ T lymphocytes have been recognized as a crucial component of the immune defense against dermatophytes. Before the discovery of the Th17 pathway, CMI was considered to be only dependent of Th1 cells, and thus most studies on the immunology of dermatophytosis have focused on the Th1 pathway. Nevertheless, the fine comparative analysis of available scientific data on immunology of dermatophytosis in one hand and on the Th17 pathway mechanisms involved in opportunistic mucosal fungal infections in the other hand reveals that some key elements of the Th17 pathway can be activated by dermatophytes. Stimulation of the Th17 pathway could occur through the activation of some C-type lectin-like receptors and inflammasome in antigen-presenting cells. The Th17 cells could go back to the affected skin and by the production of signature cytokines could induce the effector mechanisms like the recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides. In conclusion, besides the Th1 pathway, which is important to the immune response against dermatophytes, there are also growing evidences for the involvement of the Th17 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre Heinen
- Veterinary Mycology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 6, B-43a, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ludivine Cambier
- Veterinary Mycology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 6, B-43a, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurence Fievez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA Research, Quartier Hôpital, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 11, B-34, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Mignon
- Veterinary Mycology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 6, B-43a, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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Fievez L, Wong A, Ruijs H, Meerstadt F, Timen A. Measures taken by Dutch hospitals to prevent measles in healthcare personnel; a 2014 survey. Eur J Public Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv169.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Mayer A, Debuisson D, Denanglaire S, Eddahri F, Fievez L, Hercor M, Triffaux E, Moser M, Bureau F, Leo O, Andris F. Antigen presenting cell-derived IL-6 restricts Th2-cell differentiation. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:3252-62. [PMID: 25092208 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The identification of DC-derived signals orchestrating activation of Th1 and Th17 immune responses has advanced our understanding on how these inflammatory responses develop. However, whether specific signals delivered by DCs also participate in the regulation of Th2 immune responses remains largely unknown. In this study, we show that administration of antigen-loaded, IL-6-deficient DCs to naïve mice induced an exacerbated Th2 response, characterized by the differentiation of GATA-3-expressing T lymphocytes secreting high levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Coinjection of wild type and IL-6-deficient bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) confirmed that IL-6 exerted a dominant, negative influence on Th2-cell development. This finding was confirmed in vitro, where exogenously added IL-6 was found to limit IL-4-induced Th2-cell differentiation. iNKT cells were required for optimal Th2-cell differentiation in vivo although their activation occurred independently of IL-6 secretion by the BMDCs. Collectively, these observations identify IL-6 secretion as a major, unsuspected, mechanism whereby DCs control the magnitude of Th2 immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Mayer
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
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Vanherberghen M, Bureau F, Peters IR, Day MJ, Lynch A, Fievez L, Billen F, Clercx C, Peeters D. Cytokine and transcription factor expression by Aspergillus fumigatus-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in dogs with sino-nasal aspergillosis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 154:111-20. [PMID: 23759303 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The causal agent of sino-nasal aspergillosis is usually Aspergillus fumigatus, which is a saprophytic and ubiquitous fungus that causes a severe rhinosinusitis in apparent healthy dogs. Affected dogs do not have systemic immuno-suppression. It has been shown previously that dogs affected by this disease have local over-expression of interleukin (IL)-10 and Th1 cytokines in nasal mucosal tissue. The aim of the present study was to assess the response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from affected and unaffected dogs to antigen-specific stimulation with heat-inactivated Aspergillus spp. conidia, by quantifying gene expression for specific Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cytokines and their related transcription factors. Quantification of IL-4 and IFN-γ protein in culture supernatant was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). PBMC from dogs with SNA produced adequate mRNA encoding IFN-γ and IFN-γ protein. The expression of IL-17A mRNA was significantly greater in PBMC of affected compared with unaffected dogs. The amount of IL-10 mRNA in PBMC from affected dogs decreased after antigen-specific challenge. These results suggest that the incapacity of affected dogs to clear these fungal infections is not related to a defect in Th1 immunity or to an overwhelming regulatory reaction, but rather to an uncontrolled pro-inflammatory reaction driven by Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vanherberghen
- Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Liège, Belgium.
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Toussaint M, Fievez L, Drion PV, Cataldo D, Bureau F, Lekeux P, Desmet CJ. Myeloid hypoxia-inducible factor 1α prevents airway allergy in mice through macrophage-mediated immunoregulation. Mucosal Immunol 2013; 6:485-97. [PMID: 22968421 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2012.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) has important roles in promoting pro-inflammatory and bactericidal functions in myeloid cells. Conditional genetic ablation of its major subunit Hif1α in the myeloid lineage consequently results in decreased inflammatory responses in classical models of acute inflammation in mice. By contrast, we report here that mice conditionally deficient for Hif1α in myeloid cells display enhanced sensitivity to the development of airway allergy to experimental allergens and house-dust mite antigens. We support that upon allergen exposure, MyD88-dependent upregulation of Hif1α boosts the expression of the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 by lung interstitial macrophages (IMs). Hif1α-dependent IL-10 secretion is required for IMs to block allergen-induced dendritic cell activation and consequently for preventing the development of allergen-specific T-helper cell responses upon allergen exposure. Thus, this study supports that, in addition to its known pro-inflammatory activities, myeloid Hif1α possesses immunoregulatory functions implicated in the prevention of airway allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Toussaint
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA-Research Center and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
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Toussaint M, Fievez L, Desmet CJ, Pirottin D, Farnir F, Bureau F, Lekeux P. Increased hypoxia-inducible factor 1α expression in lung cells of horses with recurrent airway obstruction. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:64. [PMID: 22621400 PMCID: PMC3536633 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO, also known as equine heaves) is an inflammatory condition caused by exposure of susceptible horses to organic dusts in hay. The immunological processes responsible for the development and the persistence of airway inflammation are still largely unknown. Hypoxia-inducible factor (Hif) is mainly known as a major regulator of energy homeostasis and cellular adaptation to hypoxia. More recently however, Hif also emerged as an essential regulator of innate immune responses. Here, we aimed at investigating the potential involvement of Hif1-α in myeloid cells in horse with recurrent airway obstruction. Results In vitro, we observed that Hif is expressed in equine myeloid cells after hay dust stimulation and regulates genes such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). We further showed in vivo that airway challenge with hay dust upregulated Hif1-α mRNA expression in myeloid cells from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of healthy and RAO-affected horses, with a more pronounced effect in cells from RAO-affected horses. Finally, Hif1-α mRNA expression in BALF cells from challenged horses correlated positively with lung dysfunction. Conclusion Taken together, our results suggest an important role for Hif1-α in myeloid cells during hay dust-induced inflammation in horses with RAO. We therefore propose that future research aiming at functional inactivation of Hif1 in lung myeloid cells could open new therapeutic perspectives for RAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Toussaint
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, GIGA-Research and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, B34-Avenue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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Fernandes CA, Fievez L, Neyrinck AM, Delzenne NM, Bureau F, Vanbever R. Sirtuin inhibition attenuates the production of inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 420:857-61. [PMID: 22469470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In several inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or sepsis, the regulatory mechanisms of inflammation are inefficient and the excessive inflammatory response leads to damage to the host. Sirtuins are class III histone deacetylases that modulate the activity of several transcription factors that are implicated in immune responses. In this study, we evaluated the impact of sirtuin inhibition on the activation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated J774 macrophages by assessing the production of inflammatory cytokines. The pharmacologic inhibition of sirtuins decreased the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) interleukin 6 (IL-6) and Rantes. The reduction of cytokine production was associated with decreased nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity and inhibitor kappa B alpha (IκBα) phosphorylation while no impact was observed on the phosphorylation status of p38 mitogen-activated kinase (p38 MAPK). This work shows that sirtuin pharmacologic inhibitors are a promising tool for the treatment of inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia A Fernandes
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Research Group, Brussels B-1200, Belgium
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Fernandes CA, Fievez L, Ucakar B, Neyrinck AM, Fillee C, Huaux F, Delzenne NM, Bureau F, Vanbever R. Nicotinamide enhances apoptosis of G(M)-CSF-treated neutrophils and attenuates endotoxin-induced airway inflammation in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 300:L354-61. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00198.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils constitute the first line of host defense against invading microorganisms. Yet their removal from the inflammatory environment is fundamental for injury restraint and resolution of inflammation. Nicotinamide, a component of vitamin B3, is known to modulate cell survival. In this study, we assessed the influence of nicotinamide on neutrophil apoptosis, both in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model of endotoxin-induced lung inflammation. In vitro, nicotinamide promoted apoptosis of human blood neutrophils in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of the apoptosis inhibitors granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. The highest concentration of nicotinamide completely neutralized the pro-survival effect of granulocyte (macrophage) colony-stimulating factor. Nicotinamide proapoptotic effect was associated with enhanced caspase-3 activity. In addition, nicotinamide slightly reduced neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro. In vivo, pulmonary nicotinamide delivery decreased the levels of cellular and biochemical inflammation markers and increased the percentage of apoptotic neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavages. Our findings suggest that nicotinamide is an apoptotic stimulus for neutrophils, thereby contributing to the resolution of neutrophilic inflammation in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia A. Fernandes
- Unité de Pharmacie Galénique, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels
| | - Laurence Fievez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège
| | - Bernard Ucakar
- Unité de Pharmacie Galénique, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels
| | - Audrey M. Neyrinck
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain,
| | - Catherine Fillee
- Department of Clinical Biology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, and
| | - François Huaux
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M. Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain,
| | - Fabrice Bureau
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège
| | - Rita Vanbever
- Unité de Pharmacie Galénique, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels
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Zhang W, Fievez L, Cheu E, Bureau F, Rong W, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Advenier C, Gustin P. Anti-inflammatory effects of formoterol and ipratropium bromide against acute cadmium-induced pulmonary inflammation in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 628:171-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 11/08/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ramery E, Fievez L, Fraipont A, Bureau F, Lekeux P. Characterization of pentraxin 3 in the horse and its expression in airways. Vet Res 2009; 41:18. [PMID: 19863902 PMCID: PMC2789332 DOI: 10.1051/vetres/2009066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) plays an important role in host defence and its over-expression may contribute to airway injury. The aim of the present study was therefore to characterize in more detail PTX3 and its expression in the horses’ airway. Six healthy horses and six horses affected by recurrent airway obstruction (R.A.O.) were submitted to a dusty environment challenge. PTX3 DNA and cDNA were cloned and sequenced. PTX3 expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR, Western blotting and immuno-histochemistry in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells, BALF supernatant and bronchial epithelial cells. An alternative splicing of the second exon of PTX3 occurred, resulting in two forms of the protein: “spliced” (32 kDa) and “full length” (42 kDa). PTX3 was detected in BALF macrophages, neutrophils and bronchial epithelial cells. It was over-expressed in the BALF supernatant from R.A.O.-affected horses in crisis. However, dust was unable to induce PTX3 in BALF cells ex vivo, indicating that dust is an indirect inducer of PTX3. Dust exposure in-vivo induced PTX3 in BALF macrophages but there was no significant difference between healthy and R.A.O.-affected horses. Conversely, PTX3 was over-expressed in the bronchial epithelial cells from R.A.O.-affected horses in crisis. These data indicate a differential regulatory mechanism in inflammatory and bronchial epithelial cells and offer therapeutically interesting perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Ramery
- Department for Functional Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Bvd de Colonster, 20, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.
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Kirschvink N, Martin N, Fievez L, Smith N, Marlin D, Gustin P. Airway inflammation in cadmium-exposed rats is associated with pulmonary oxidative stress and emphysema. Free Radic Res 2009; 40:241-50. [PMID: 16484040 DOI: 10.1080/10715760500494657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that pulmonary inflammation and emphysema induced by cadmium (Cd) inhalation are associated with pulmonary oxidative stress. Two groups of Sprague Dawley rats were used: one vehicle-exposed group undergoing inhalation of NaCl (0.9%, n = 24) and one Cd-exposed group undergoing inhalation of CdCl(2) (0.1%, n = 24). The animals in the vehicle-and Cd-exposed groups were divided into 4 subgroups (n = 6 per group), which underwent either a single exposure (D2) of 1H or repeated exposures 3 times/week for 1H for a period of 3 weeks (3W), 5 weeks (5W) or 5 weeks followed by 2 weeks without exposure (5W + 2). At sacrifice, the left lung was fixed for histomorphometric analysis (median inter-wall distance, MIWD), whilst bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected from the right lung. Cytological analysis of BALF was performed and BALF was analysed for oxidant markers 8-iso-PGF(2a), uric acid (UA), reduced (AA) and oxidised ascorbic acid (DHA) and reduced (GSH) and oxidised glutathione (GSSG). Cd-exposure induced a significant increase of BALF macrophages and neutrophils. 8-iso-PGF(2a), UA, GSH and GSSG were significantly increased at D2. At 5W and 5W + 2, AA and GSH were significantly lower in Cd-exposed rats, indicating antioxidant depletion. MIWD significantly increased in all repeatedly Cd-exposed groups, suggesting development of pulmonary emphysema. 8-iso-PGF(2a) and UA were positively correlated with macrophage and neutrophil counts. GSH, GSSG and 8-iso-PGF(2a) were negatively correlated with MIWD, indicating that Cd-induced emphysema could be associated with pulmonary oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Kirschvink
- Department for Functional Sciences, B41, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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Beaufays J, Adam B, Menten-Dedoyart C, Fievez L, Grosjean A, Decrem Y, Prévôt PP, Santini S, Brasseur R, Brossard M, Vanhaeverbeek M, Bureau F, Heinen E, Lins L, Vanhamme L, Godfroid E. Ir-LBP, an ixodes ricinus tick salivary LTB4-binding lipocalin, interferes with host neutrophil function. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3987. [PMID: 19096526 PMCID: PMC2600610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During their blood meal, ticks secrete a wide variety of proteins that can interfere with their host's defense mechanisms. Among these proteins, lipocalins play a major role in the modulation of the inflammatory response. Methodology/Principal Findings We previously identified 14 new lipocalin genes in the tick Ixodes ricinus. One of them codes for a protein that specifically binds leukotriene B4 with a very high affinity (Kd: ±1 nM), similar to that of the neutrophil transmembrane receptor BLT1. By in silico approaches, we modeled the 3D structure of the protein and the binding of LTB4 into the ligand pocket. This protein, called Ir-LBP, inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro and delays LTB4-induced apoptosis. Ir-LBP also inhibits the host inflammatory response in vivo by decreasing the number and activation of neutrophils located at the tick bite site. Thus, Ir-LBP participates in the tick's ability to interfere with proper neutrophil function in inflammation. Conclusions/Significance These elements suggest that Ir-LBP is a “scavenger” of LTB4, which, in combination with other factors, such as histamine-binding proteins or proteins inhibiting the classical or alternative complement pathways, permits the tick to properly manage its blood meal. Moreover, with regard to its properties, Ir-LBP could possibly be used as a therapeutic tool for illnesses associated with an increased LTB4 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Beaufays
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Ectoparasites, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Benoît Adam
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire Numérique, Gembloux Agricultural University, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Catherine Menten-Dedoyart
- Institute of Human Histology, Department of Morphology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurence Fievez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Amélie Grosjean
- Laboratoire de Médecine Expérimentale (ULB 222 Unit), ISPPC Hopital André Vesale, Montigny-Le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Yves Decrem
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Ectoparasites, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Pierre-Paul Prévôt
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Ectoparasites, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Santini
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire Numérique, Gembloux Agricultural University, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Robert Brasseur
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire Numérique, Gembloux Agricultural University, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Michel Brossard
- Institute of Zoology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Michel Vanhaeverbeek
- Laboratoire de Médecine Expérimentale (ULB 222 Unit), ISPPC Hopital André Vesale, Montigny-Le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Bureau
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ernst Heinen
- Institute of Human Histology, Department of Morphology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lins
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire Numérique, Gembloux Agricultural University, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Luc Vanhamme
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Ectoparasites, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Edmond Godfroid
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Ectoparasites, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The larval development of Myzostoma cirriferum is described by means of SEM, TEM, and cLSM. It is similar to that of other myzostomids and includes three stages: the protrochophore, the trochophore, and the metatrochophore. The protrochophore is a ball-shaped larva present in culture from 18-48 h after egg laying. It has no internal organs and its body is made of three cell types: covering cells and ciliated cells that are external and surrounded by a cuticle, and resting cells that fill the blastocoel. The trochophore is a pear-shaped larva that develops 20-72 h after egg laying; the body includes the same three cell types as the previous stage. The metatrochophore is a pear-shaped larva that develops between 40 h and 14 days and is characterized by the presence of two bundles of four chaetae. When fully developed, the metatrochophore has a digestive system (made of a pharynx, an esophagus, and a blind digestive pouch), two pairs of protonephridia, and a nervous system composed of a supraesophageal ganglion, circumesophageal connectives, and dorsal and ventral nerves. Metamorphosis generally occurs 7 days after egg laying. At that time, the metatrochophore loses its chaetae and becomes pleated ventrally. This ultrastructural analysis suggests that chaetae and the five ventral longitudinal nerve cords of M. cirriferum metatrochophores are homologous structures to those observed in some polychaete trochophores. Coupled with recent phylogenetic analyses, where the Myzostomida are placed outside the Annelida, homologies between myzostomid and polychaete larvae support the view that a trochophore appeared early during the spiralian evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Eeckhaut
- Marine Biology Laboratory, Natural Sciences Building, University of Mons-Hainaut, 6 avenue Champ de Mars, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
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Beerens H, Fievez L, Wattre P. [Observations concerning 7 strains of Saphaerophorus necrophorus, Sphaerophorus funduliformis, and Sphaerophorus pseudonecrophorus species]. Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris) 1971; 121:37-41. [PMID: 4939845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Wattre P, Fievez L, Beerens H. [Serological study of 3 Sphaerophorus strains]. Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris) 1971; 120:643-8. [PMID: 4996678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Halen P, Meulemans G, Wauters G, Vandepitte J, Van Noyen R, Pohl P, Akkermans J, Ill W, Dubois P, Fievez L, Granville A, Fameree L, Thomas J. Compte rendu de la troisième réunion dugroupe belge d'étude de Yersinia entérocolita. Med Mal Infect 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0399-077x(71)80106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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