101
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Talati A, Valero-Cuevas FJ, Hirsch J. Visual and Tactile Guidance of Dexterous Manipulation Tasks: An fMRI Study. Percept Mot Skills 2016; 101:317-34. [PMID: 16353365 DOI: 10.2466/pms.101.1.317-334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Models of motor guidance that dynamically adjust to the availability and quality of sensory information are based on the observation that dexterous tasks are routinely performed using various combinations of visual and tactile inputs. However, a dynamic neural system that acquires and processes relevant visual and tactile information remains relatively uncharacterized in humans. In this study, whole-brain functional magnetic resonance images were acquired during a dexterous manipulation task, compression of the end caps of a slender spring prone to buckling, to investigate the neural systems associated with motor guidance under four visual and tactile guidance conditions: (1) eyes closed (no visual input), smooth end caps, (2) eyes closed, rough end caps, (3) eyes open and watching hand, smooth end caps, and (4) eyes open and watching hand, rough end caps. Performance of the dexterous task remained constant in all conditions. Variations in the two levels of visual input resulted in modulation of activity in the middle and inferior occipital gyrii and inferior parietal lobule, and variation in the two levels of tactile input during the task resulted in modulation of activity in the precentral (primary motor) gyrus. Although significantly active in all conditions, cingulate gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, and cerebellum activities were not modulated by levels of either visual or somatosensory input, and no interaction effects were observed. Together, these data indicate that a fine-tuned motor task guided by varying visual and tactile information engages a distributed and integrated neural complex consisting of control and executive functions and regions that process dynamic sensory information related to guidance functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardesheer Talati
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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102
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The role of the frontal aslant tract and premotor connections in visually guided hand movements. Neuroimage 2016; 146:419-428. [PMID: 27829166 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging and brain lesion studies demonstrate that secondary motor areas of the frontal lobe play a crucial role in the cortical control of hand movements. However, no study so far has examined frontal white matter connections of the secondary motor network, namely the frontal aslant tract, connecting the supplementary motor complex and the posterior inferior frontal regions, and the U-shaped dorsal and ventral premotor fibers running through the middle frontal gyrus. The aim of the current study is to explore the involvement of the short frontal lobe connections in reaching and reach-to-grasp movements in 32 right-handed healthy subjects by correlating tractography data based on spherical deconvolution approach with kinematical data. We showed that individual differences in the microstructure of the bilateral frontal aslant tract, bilateral ventral and left dorsal premotor tracts were associated with kinematic features of hand actions. Furthermore, bilateral ventral premotor connections were also involved in the closing grip phase necessary for determining efficient and stable grasping of the target object. This work suggests for the first time that hand kinematics and visuomotor processing are associated with the anatomy of the short frontal lobe connections.
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103
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Battaglia-Mayer A, Babicola L, Satta E. Parieto-frontal gradients and domains underlying eye and hand operations in the action space. Neuroscience 2016; 334:76-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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104
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Buccino G, Colagè I, Gobbi N, Bonaccorso G. Grounding meaning in experience: A broad perspective on embodied language. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 69:69-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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105
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Collette C, Bonnotte I, Jacquemont C, Kalénine S, Bartolo A. The Development of Object Function and Manipulation Knowledge: Evidence from a Semantic Priming Study. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1239. [PMID: 27602004 PMCID: PMC4994700 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Object semantics include object function and manipulation knowledge. Function knowledge refers to the goal attainable by using an object (e.g., the function of a key is to open or close a door) while manipulation knowledge refers to gestures one has to execute to use an object appropriately (e.g., a key is held between the thumb and the index, inserted into the door lock and then turned). To date, several studies have assessed function and manipulation knowledge in brain lesion patients as well as in healthy adult populations. In patients with left brain damage, a double dissociation between these two types of knowledge has been reported; on the other hand, behavioral studies in healthy adults show that function knowledge is processed faster than manipulation knowledge. Empirical evidence has shown that object interaction in children differs from that in adults, suggesting that the access to function and manipulation knowledge in children might also differ. To investigate the development of object function and manipulation knowledge, 51 typically developing 8-9-10 year-old children and 17 healthy young adults were tested on a naming task associated with a semantic priming paradigm (190-ms SOA; prime duration: 90 ms) in which a series of line drawings of manipulable objects were used. Target objects could be preceded by three priming contexts: related (e.g., knife-scissors for function; key-screwdriver for manipulation), unrelated but visually similar (e.g., glasses-scissors; baseball bat-screwdriver), and purely unrelated (e.g., die-scissors; tissue-screwdriver). Results showed a different developmental pattern of function and manipulation priming effects. Function priming effects were not present in children and emerged only in adults, with faster naming responses for targets preceded by objects sharing the same function. In contrast, manipulation priming effects were already present in 8-year-olds with faster naming responses for targets preceded by objects sharing the same manipulation and these decreased linearly between 8 and 10 years of age, 10-year-olds not differing from adults. Overall, results show that the access to object function and manipulation knowledge changes during development by favoring manipulation knowledge in childhood and function knowledge in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Collette
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Bonnotte
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives Lille, France
| | - Charlotte Jacquemont
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives Lille, France
| | - Solène Kalénine
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives Lille, France
| | - Angela Bartolo
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences AffectivesLille, France; Institut Universitaire de FranceParis, France
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106
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Madan CR, Chen YY, Singhal A. ERPs Differentially Reflect Automatic and Deliberate Processing of the Functional Manipulability of Objects. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:360. [PMID: 27536224 PMCID: PMC4971017 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that the functional properties of an object can interact with perceptual, cognitive, and motor processes. Previously we have found that a between-subjects manipulation of judgment instructions resulted in different manipulability-related memory biases in an incidental memory test. To better understand this effect we recorded electroencephalography (EEG) while participants made judgments about images of objects that were either high or low in functional manipulability (e.g., hammer vs. ladder). Using a between-subjects design, participants judged whether they had seen the object recently (Personal Experience), or could manipulate the object using their hand (Functionality). We focused on the P300 and slow-wave event-related potentials (ERPs) as reflections of attentional allocation. In both groups, we observed higher P300 and slow wave amplitudes for high-manipulability objects at electrodes Pz and C3. As P300 is thought to reflect bottom-up attentional processes, this may suggest that the processing of high-manipulability objects recruited more attentional resources. Additionally, the P300 effect was greater in the Functionality group. A more complex pattern was observed at electrode C3 during slow wave: processing the high-manipulability objects in the Functionality instruction evoked a more positive slow wave than in the other three conditions, likely related to motor simulation processes. These data provide neural evidence that effects of manipulability on stimulus processing are further mediated by automatic vs. deliberate motor-related processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Madan
- Department of Psychology, University of AlbertaEdmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Psychology, Boston CollegeChestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Yvonne Y Chen
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Anthony Singhal
- Department of Psychology, University of AlbertaEdmonton, AB, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of AlbertaEdmonton, AB, Canada
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107
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of stereopsis to the processing of observed manipulative actions. To this end, we first combined the factors "stimulus type" (action, static control, and dynamic control), "stereopsis" (present, absent) and "viewpoint" (frontal, lateral) into a single design. Four sites in premotor, retro-insular (2) and parietal cortex operated specifically when actions were viewed stereoscopically and frontally. A second experiment clarified that the stereo-action-specific regions were driven by actions moving out of the frontoparallel plane, an effect amplified by frontal viewing in premotor cortex. Analysis of single voxels and their discriminatory power showed that the representation of action in the stereo-action-specific areas was more accurate when stereopsis was active. Further analyses showed that the 4 stereo-action-specific sites form a closed network converging onto the premotor node, which connects to parietal and occipitotemporal regions outside the network. Several of the specific sites are known to process vestibular signals, suggesting that the network combines observed actions in peripersonal space with gravitational signals. These findings have wider implications for the function of premotor cortex and the role of stereopsis in human behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ferri
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - K Pauwels
- Computer Vision and Active Perception Laboratory, School of Computer Science and Communication, KTH, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Rizzolatti
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - G A Orban
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
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108
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Synchrony of the Reach and the Grasp in pantomime reach-to-grasp. Exp Brain Res 2016; 234:3291-3303. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-016-4727-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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109
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Tylén K, Philipsen JS, Roepstorff A, Fusaroli R. Trails of meaning construction: Symbolic artifacts engage the social brain. Neuroimage 2016; 134:105-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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110
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Abstract
Brodmann's cytoarchitectonic map of the human cortex designates area 4 as cortex in the anterior bank of the precentral sulcus and area 6 as cortex encompassing the precentral gyrus and the posterior portion of the superior frontal gyrus on both the lateral and medial surfaces of the brain. More than 70 years ago, Fulton proposed a functional distinction between these two areas, coining the terms primary motor areafor cortex in Brodmann area 4 and premotor areafor cortex in Brodmann area 6. The parcellation of the cortical motor system has subsequently become more complex. Several nonprimary motor areas have been identified in the brain of the macaque monkey, and associations between anatomy and function in the human brain are being tested continuously using brain mapping techniques. In the present review, the authors discuss the unique properties of the primary motor area (M1), the dorsal portion of the premotor cortex (PMd), and the ventral portion of the premotor cortex (PMv). They end this review by discussing how the premotor areas influence M1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe A Chouinard
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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111
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Houdayer E, Cursi M, Nuara A, Zanini S, Gatti R, Comi G, Leocani L. Cortical Motor Circuits after Piano Training in Adulthood: Neurophysiologic Evidence. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157526. [PMID: 27309353 PMCID: PMC4911097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal mechanisms involved in brain plasticity after skilled motor learning are not completely understood. We aimed to study the short-term effects of keyboard training in music-naive subjects on the motor/premotor cortex activity and interhemispheric interactions, using electroencephalography and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Twelve subjects (experimental group) underwent, before and after a two week-piano training: (1) hand-motor function tests: Jamar, grip and nine-hole peg tests; (2) electroencephalography, evaluating the mu rhythm task-related desynchronization (TRD) during keyboard performance; and (3) TMS, targeting bilateral abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and abductor digiti minimi (ADM), to obtain duration and area of ipsilateral silent period (ISP) during simultaneous tonic contraction of APB and ADM. Data were compared with 13 controls who underwent twice these measurements, in a two-week interval, without undergoing piano training. Every subject in the experimental group improved keyboard performance and left-hand nine-hole peg test scores. Pre-training, ISP durations were asymmetrical, left being longer than right. Post-training, right ISPAPB increased, leading to symmetrical ISPAPB. Mu TRD during motor performance became more focal and had a lesser amplitude than in pre-training, due to decreased activity over ventral premotor cortices. No such changes were evidenced in controls. We demonstrated that a 10-day piano-training was associated with balanced interhemispheric interactions both at rest and during motor activation. Piano training, in a short timeframe, may reshape local and inter-hemispheric motor cortical circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Houdayer
- Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Marco Cursi
- Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Arturo Nuara
- Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sonia Zanini
- Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Gatti
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Comi
- Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Leocani
- Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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112
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Lotze M, Domin M, Kordass B. Symmetry of fMRI activation in the primary sensorimotor cortex during unilateral chewing. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:967-973. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1858-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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113
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Orban GA. Functional definitions of parietal areas in human and non-human primates. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 283:20160118. [PMID: 27053755 PMCID: PMC4843655 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing homologies between cortical areas in animal models and humans lies at the heart of translational neuroscience, as it demonstrates how knowledge obtained from these models can be applied to the human brain. Here, we review progress in using parallel functional imaging to ascertain homologies between parietal areas of human and non-human primates, species sharing similar behavioural repertoires. The human homologues of several areas along monkey IPS involved in action planning and observation, such as AIP, LIP and CIP, as well as those of opercular areas (SII complex), have been defined. In addition, uniquely human areas, such as the tool-use area in left anterior supramarginal gyrus, have also been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy A Orban
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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114
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Findlater SE, Desai JA, Semrau JA, Kenzie JM, Rorden C, Herter TM, Scott SH, Dukelow SP. Central perception of position sense involves a distributed neural network - Evidence from lesion-behavior analyses. Cortex 2016; 79:42-56. [PMID: 27085894 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that proprioceptive inputs from the periphery are important for the constant update of arm position for perception and guiding motor action. The degree to which we are consciously aware of the position of our limb depends on the task. Our understanding of the central processing of position sense is rather limited, largely based on findings in animals and individual human case studies. The present study used statistical lesion-behavior analysis and an arm position matching task to investigate position sense in a large sample of subjects after acute stroke. We excluded subjects who performed abnormally on clinical testing or a robotic visually guided reaching task with their matching arm in order to minimize the potential confound of ipsilesional impairment. Our findings revealed that a number of regions are important for processing position sense and include the posterior parietal cortex, the transverse temporal gyrus, and the arcuate fasciculus. Further, our results revealed that position sense has dissociable components - spatial variability, perceived workspace area, and perceived workspace location. Each component is associated with unique neuroanatomical correlates. These findings extend the current understanding of the neural processing of position sense and identify some brain areas that are not classically associated with proprioception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja E Findlater
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jamsheed A Desai
- Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Semrau
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jeffrey M Kenzie
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Chris Rorden
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Troy M Herter
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Stephen H Scott
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Sean P Dukelow
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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115
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The Neural Correlates of Long-Term Carryover following Functional Electrical Stimulation for Stroke. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:4192718. [PMID: 27073701 PMCID: PMC4814690 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4192718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurorehabilitation effective delivery for stroke is likely to be improved by establishing a mechanistic understanding of how to enhance adaptive plasticity. Functional electrical stimulation is effective at reducing poststroke foot drop; in some patients, the effect persists after therapy has finished with an unknown mechanism. We used fMRI to examine neural correlates of functional electrical stimulation key elements, volitional intent to move and concurrent stimulation, in a group of chronic stroke patients receiving functional electrical stimulation for foot-drop correction. Patients exhibited task-related activation in a complex network, sharing bilateral sensorimotor and supplementary motor activation with age-matched controls. We observed consistent separation of patients with and without carryover effect on the basis of brain responses. Patients who experienced the carryover effect had responses in supplementary motor area that correspond to healthy controls; the interaction between experimental factors in contralateral angular gyrus was seen only in those without carryover. We suggest that the functional electrical stimulation carryover mechanism of action is based on movement prediction and sense of agency/body ownership—the ability of a patient to plan the movement and to perceive the stimulation as a part of his/her own control loop is important for carryover effect to take place.
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116
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Abstract
Estimating size and distance is crucial in effective visuomotor control. The concept of an internal coordinate system implies that visual and motor size parameters are scaled onto a common template. To dissociate perceptual and motor components in such scaling, we performed an fMRI experiment in which 16 right-handed subjects copied geometric figures while the result of drawing remained out of sight. Either the size of the example figure varied while maintaining a constant size of drawing (visual incongruity) or the size of the examples remained constant while subjects were instructed to make changes in size (motor incongruity). These incongruent were compared to congruent conditions. Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM8) revealed brain activations related to size incongruity in the dorsolateral prefrontal and inferior parietal cortex, pre-SMA / anterior cingulate and anterior insula, dominant in the right hemisphere. This pattern represented simultaneous use of a ‘resized’ virtual template and actual picture information requiring spatial working memory, early-stage attention shifting and inhibitory control. Activations were strongest in motor incongruity while right pre-dorsal premotor activation specifically occurred in this condition. Visual incongruity additionally relied on a ventral visual pathway. Left ventral premotor activation occurred in all variably sized drawing while constant visuomotor size, compared to congruent size variation, uniquely activated the lateral occipital cortex additional to superior parietal regions. These results highlight size as a fundamental parameter in both general hand movement and movement guided by objects perceived in the context of surrounding 3D space.
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117
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Miyagi T, Okuma M, Suwazono S, Kido M, Tashiro Y, Ishihara S, Nakachi R, Suehara M. [Clinical manifestations of 5 patients with idiopathic paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2016; 56:165-73. [PMID: 26887836 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-000816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis (PKC) is a rare disorder characterized by recurrent and brief attacks of choreoathetoid and/or dystonic movements in trunk and limbs triggered by initiation of voluntary movement. Of 5 patients with idiopathic PKC in our hospital, four were men and one was with family history. Age of onset ranged from 8 to 15 years old. They were consistent with previous reports in the characteristics of involuntary movements, normal neurological findings, normal laboratory data, no abnormal findings of standard imaging studies, and good restraining effects on attacks with carbamazepine. Individual body parts where attacks often involved were different among 5 patients. Although previous reports which said the prognosis and outcome of PKC were good, neuropsychological examinations in our study revealed that 2 patients out of 5 had certain cortical dysfunction, one patient was with progressive deterioration, and the other was with underlying mild abnormalities. Detailed and serial neuropsychological examinations might be necessary for some PKC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Miyagi
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Okinawa Hospital
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118
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de Beukelaar TT, Alaerts K, Swinnen SP, Wenderoth N. Motor facilitation during action observation: The role of M1 and PMv in grasp predictions. Cortex 2016; 75:180-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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119
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Chang YS, Gratiot M, Owen JP, Brandes-Aitken A, Desai SS, Hill SS, Arnett AB, Harris J, Marco EJ, Mukherjee P. White Matter Microstructure is Associated with Auditory and Tactile Processing in Children with and without Sensory Processing Disorder. Front Neuroanat 2016; 9:169. [PMID: 26858611 PMCID: PMC4726807 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2015.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory processing disorders (SPDs) affect up to 16% of school-aged children, and contribute to cognitive and behavioral deficits impacting affected individuals and their families. While sensory processing differences are now widely recognized in children with autism, children with sensory-based dysfunction who do not meet autism criteria based on social communication deficits remain virtually unstudied. In a previous pilot diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study, we demonstrated that boys with SPD have altered white matter microstructure primarily affecting the posterior cerebral tracts, which subserve sensory processing and integration. This disrupted microstructural integrity, measured as reduced white matter fractional anisotropy (FA), correlated with parent report measures of atypical sensory behavior. In this present study, we investigate white matter microstructure as it relates to tactile and auditory function in depth with a larger, mixed-gender cohort of children 8–12 years of age. We continue to find robust alterations of posterior white matter microstructure in children with SPD relative to typically developing children (TDC), along with more spatially distributed alterations. We find strong correlations of FA with both parent report and direct measures of tactile and auditory processing across children, with the direct assessment measures of tactile and auditory processing showing a stronger and more continuous mapping to the underlying white matter integrity than the corresponding parent report measures. Based on these findings of microstructure as a neural correlate of sensory processing ability, diffusion MRI merits further investigation as a tool to find biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment response in children with SPD. To our knowledge, this work is the first to demonstrate associations of directly measured tactile and non-linguistic auditory function with white matter microstructural integrity – not just in children with SPD, but also in TDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shin Chang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mathilde Gratiot
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris, France
| | - Julia P Owen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anne Brandes-Aitken
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shivani S Desai
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susanna S Hill
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anne B Arnett
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julia Harris
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elysa J Marco
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pratik Mukherjee
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
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Di Dio C, Ardizzi M, Massaro D, Di Cesare G, Gilli G, Marchetti A, Gallese V. Human, Nature, Dynamism: The Effects of Content and Movement Perception on Brain Activations during the Aesthetic Judgment of Representational Paintings. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 9:705. [PMID: 26793087 PMCID: PMC4709505 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement perception and its role in aesthetic experience have been often studied, within empirical aesthetics, in relation to the human body. No such specificity has been defined in neuroimaging studies with respect to contents lacking a human form. The aim of this work was to explore, through functional magnetic imaging (f MRI), how perceived movement is processed during the aesthetic judgment of paintings using two types of content: human subjects and scenes of nature. Participants, untutored in the arts, were shown the stimuli and asked to make aesthetic judgments. Additionally, they were instructed to observe the paintings and to rate their perceived movement in separate blocks. Observation highlighted spontaneous processes associated with aesthetic experience, whereas movement judgment outlined activations specifically related to movement processing. The ratings recorded during aesthetic judgment revealed that nature scenes received higher scored than human content paintings. The imaging data showed similar activation, relative to baseline, for all stimuli in the three tasks, including activation of occipito-temporal areas, posterior parietal, and premotor cortices. Contrast analyses within aesthetic judgment task showed that human content activated, relative to nature, precuneus, fusiform gyrus, and posterior temporal areas, whose activation was prominent for dynamic human paintings. In contrast, nature scenes activated, relative to human stimuli, occipital and posterior parietal cortex/precuneus, involved in visuospatial exploration and pragmatic coding of movement, as well as central insula. Static nature paintings further activated, relative to dynamic nature stimuli, central and posterior insula. Besides insular activation, which was specific for aesthetic judgment, we found a large overlap in the activation pattern characterizing each stimulus dimension (content and dynamism) across observation, aesthetic judgment, and movement judgment tasks. These findings support the idea that the aesthetic evaluation of artworks depicting both human subjects and nature scenes involves a motor component, and that the associated neural processes occur quite spontaneously in the viewer. Furthermore, considering the functional roles of posterior and central insula, we suggest that nature paintings may evoke aesthetic processes requiring an additional proprioceptive and sensori-motor component implemented by “motor accessibility” to the represented scenario, which is needed to judge the aesthetic value of the observed painting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Di Dio
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Ardizzi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma Parma, Italy
| | - Davide Massaro
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Gilli
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Milan, Italy
| | | | - Vittorio Gallese
- Department of Neuroscience, University of ParmaParma, Italy; Department of Art History and Archaeology, Columbia UniversityNew York, NY, USA
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121
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Marangon M, Kubiak A, Króliczak G. Haptically Guided Grasping. fMRI Shows Right-Hemisphere Parietal Stimulus Encoding, and Bilateral Dorso-Ventral Parietal Gradients of Object- and Action-Related Processing during Grasp Execution. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 9:691. [PMID: 26779002 PMCID: PMC4700263 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural bases of haptically-guided grasp planning and execution are largely unknown, especially for stimuli having no visual representations. Therefore, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to monitor brain activity during haptic exploration of novel 3D complex objects, subsequent grasp planning, and the execution of the pre-planned grasps. Haptic object exploration, involving extraction of shape, orientation, and length of the to-be-grasped targets, was associated with the fronto-parietal, temporo-occipital, and insular cortex activity. Yet, only the anterior divisions of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) of the right hemisphere were significantly more engaged in exploration of complex objects (vs. simple control disks). None of these regions were re-recruited during the planning phase. Even more surprisingly, the left-hemisphere intraparietal, temporal, and occipital areas that were significantly invoked for grasp planning did not show sensitivity to object features. Finally, grasp execution, involving the re-recruitment of the critical right-hemisphere PPC clusters, was also significantly associated with two kinds of bilateral parieto-frontal processes. The first represents transformations of grasp-relevant target features and is linked to the dorso-dorsal (lateral and medial) parieto-frontal networks. The second monitors grasp kinematics and belongs to the ventro-dorsal networks. Indeed, signal modulations associated with these distinct functions follow dorso-ventral gradients, with left aIPS showing significant sensitivity to both target features and the characteristics of the required grasp. Thus, our results from the haptic domain are consistent with the notion that the parietal processing for action guidance reflects primarily transformations from object-related to effector-related coding, and these mechanisms are rather independent of sensory input modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Marangon
- Action and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kubiak
- Action and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Poznań, Poland
| | - Gregory Króliczak
- Action and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Poznań, Poland
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Vigaru B, Sulzer J, Gassert R. Design and Evaluation of a Cable-Driven fMRI-Compatible Haptic Interface to Investigate Precision Grip Control. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON HAPTICS 2016; 9:20-32. [PMID: 26441454 PMCID: PMC4829477 DOI: 10.1109/toh.2015.2485201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Our hands and fingers are involved in almost all activities of daily living and, as such, have a disproportionately large neural representation. Functional magnetic resonance imaging investigations into the neural control of the hand have revealed great advances, but the harsh MRI environment has proven to be a challenge to devices capable of delivering a large variety of stimuli necessary for well-controlled studies. This paper presents a fMRI-compatible haptic interface to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying precision grasp control. The interface, located at the scanner bore, is controlled remotely through a shielded electromagnetic actuation system positioned at the end of the scanner bed and then through a high stiffness, low inertia cable transmission. We present the system design, taking into account requirements defined by the biomechanics and dynamics of the human hand, as well as the fMRI environment. Performance evaluation revealed a structural stiffness of 3.3 N/mm, renderable forces up to 94 N, and a position control bandwidth of at least 19 Hz. MRI-compatibility tests showed no degradation in the operation of the haptic interface or the image quality. A preliminary fMRI experiment during a pilot study validated the usability of the haptic interface, illustrating the possibilities offered by this device.
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123
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Balconi M, Cortesi L. Brain Activity (fNIRS) in Control State Differs from the Execution and Observation of Object-Related and Object-Unrelated Actions. J Mot Behav 2015; 48:289-96. [PMID: 26675979 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2015.1092936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The authors explored cortical correlates of action execution and observation, directly comparing control condition condition and execution-observation, using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Transitive actions (meaningful gestures produced in presence of an object) or intransitive actions (meaningful gestures produced in absence of an object) were performed. Increased oxygenated hemoglobin levels were revealed for both action execution and action observation in premotor cortex, and sensorimotor cortex compared to control condition. However, a higher activity in motor areas was observed for action execution than motor observation. In contrast the posterior parietal cortex was similarly activated in case of both execution and observation task. Finally, it was shown that action execution and observation of transitive more than intransitive gestures was supported by similar parietal posterior areas. These findings support the hypothesis of a partial common network for observation and execution of action, and significant implications related to action types (transitive vs. intransitive).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Balconi
- a Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Milan , Italy.,b Department of Psychology , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Milan , Italy
| | - Livia Cortesi
- a Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Milan , Italy
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125
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Abstract
The two visual systems hypothesis suggests processing of visual information into two distinct routes in the brain: a dorsal stream for the control of actions and a ventral stream for the identification of objects. Recently, increasing evidence has shown that the dorsal and ventral streams are not strictly independent, but do interact with each other. In this paper, we argue that the interactions between dorsal and ventral streams are important for controlling complex object-oriented hand movements, especially skilled grasp. Anatomical studies have reported the existence of direct connections between dorsal and ventral stream areas. These physiological interconnections appear to be gradually more active as the precision demands of the grasp become higher. It is hypothesised that the dorsal stream needs to retrieve detailed information about object identity, stored in ventral stream areas, when the object properties require complex fine-tuning of the grasp. In turn, the ventral stream might receive up to date grasp-related information from dorsal stream areas to refine the object internal representation. Future research will provide direct evidence for which specific areas of the two streams interact, the timing of their interactions and in which behavioural context they occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vonne van Polanen
- Motor Control Laboratory, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Biomedical Sciences Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Marco Davare
- Motor Control Laboratory, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Biomedical Sciences Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG London, United Kingdom.
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126
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Roche AD, Vujaklija I, Amsüss S, Sturma A, Göbel P, Farina D, Aszmann OC. A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study. J Vis Exp 2015:e52968. [PMID: 26575620 DOI: 10.3791/52968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in robotic systems have resulted in prostheses for the upper limb that can produce multifunctional movements. However, these sophisticated systems require upper limb amputees to learn complex control schemes. Humans have the ability to learn new movements through imitation and other learning strategies. This protocol describes a structured rehabilitation method, which includes imitation, repetition, and reinforcement learning, and aims to assess if this method can improve multifunctional prosthetic control. A left below elbow amputee, with 4 years of experience in prosthetic use, took part in this case study. The prosthesis used was a Michelangelo hand with wrist rotation, and the added features of wrist flexion and extension, which allowed more combinations of hand movements. The participant's Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure score improved from 58 to 71 following structured training. This suggests that a structured training protocol of imitation, repetition and reinforcement may have a role in learning to control a new prosthetic hand. A larger clinical study is however required to support these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Dominic Roche
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Restoration of Extremity Function; Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University of Vienna;
| | - Ivan Vujaklija
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Engineering, Bernstein Focus Neurotechnology Göttingen; University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University
| | - Sebastian Amsüss
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Engineering, Bernstein Focus Neurotechnology Göttingen; University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University
| | - Agnes Sturma
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Restoration of Extremity Function; University of Applied Sciences FH Campus Wien
| | - Peter Göbel
- Research & Development, Otto Bock Healthcare Products GmbH
| | - Dario Farina
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Engineering, Bernstein Focus Neurotechnology Göttingen; University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University
| | - Oskar C Aszmann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Restoration of Extremity Function; Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University of Vienna
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127
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Di Bono MG, Begliomini C, Castiello U, Zorzi M. Probing the reaching-grasping network in humans through multivoxel pattern decoding. Brain Behav 2015; 5:e00412. [PMID: 26664793 PMCID: PMC4666323 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The quest for a putative human homolog of the reaching-grasping network identified in monkeys has been the focus of many neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies in recent years. These studies have shown that the network underlying reaching-only and reach-to-grasp movements includes the superior parieto-occipital cortex (SPOC), the anterior part of the human intraparietal sulcus (hAIP), the ventral and the dorsal portion of the premotor cortex, and the primary motor cortex (M1). Recent evidence for a wider frontoparietal network coding for different aspects of reaching-only and reach-to-grasp actions calls for a more fine-grained assessment of the reaching-grasping network in humans by exploiting pattern decoding methods (multivoxel pattern analysis--MVPA). METHODS Here, we used MPVA on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data to assess whether regions of the frontoparietal network discriminate between reaching-only and reach-to-grasp actions, natural and constrained grasping, different grasp types, and object sizes. Participants were required to perform either reaching-only movements or two reach-to-grasp types (precision or whole hand grasp) upon spherical objects of different sizes. RESULTS Multivoxel pattern analysis highlighted that, independently from the object size, all the selected regions of both hemispheres contribute in coding for grasp type, with the exception of SPOC and the right hAIP. Consistent with recent neurophysiological findings on monkeys, there was no evidence for a clear-cut distinction between a dorsomedial and a dorsolateral pathway that would be specialized for reaching-only and reach-to-grasp actions, respectively. Nevertheless, the comparison of decoding accuracy across brain areas highlighted their different contributions to reaching-only and grasping actions. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our findings enrich the current knowledge regarding the functional role of key brain areas involved in the cortical control of reaching-only and reach-to-grasp actions in humans, by revealing novel fine-grained distinctions among action types within a wide frontoparietal network.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Begliomini
- Department of General Psychology University of Padova Padova Italy ; Cognitive Neuroscience Center University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Umberto Castiello
- Department of General Psychology University of Padova Padova Italy ; Cognitive Neuroscience Center University of Padova Padova Italy ; Centro Interdisciplinare Beniamino Segre Accademia dei Lincei Roma Italy
| | - Marco Zorzi
- Department of General Psychology University of Padova Padova Italy ; Cognitive Neuroscience Center University of Padova Padova Italy ; IRCCS San Camillo Hospital Venice-Lido Italy
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128
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Wamain Y, Gabrielli F, Coello Y. EEG μ rhythm in virtual reality reveals that motor coding of visual objects in peripersonal space is task dependent. Cortex 2015; 74:20-30. [PMID: 26606301 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous fMRI studies have shown that the visual perception of manipulable objects spontaneously involves the sensorimotor system, especially when the objects are located in peripersonal space. However, it has also been suggested that the motor coding of manipulable objects perceived in peripersonal space depends on an anticipation to interact with them. The present study aims at clarifying this issue by analyzing healthy adults' EEG activity on the centro-parietal region while perceptually judging intrinsic (prototypical or distorted shape) or extrinsic (reachable or not reachable location) properties of visual objects. In both the object identification and reachability judgment tasks, time-frequency decomposition of EEG signals was performed across the first 1000 ms following object presentation for trials on which no post-stimulus response was required (90% of the trials). Event-Related-(De)Synchronization (ERD/S) of μ rhythm was computed using the 150 ms pre-stimulus period as baseline. In the reachability judgment task, EEG analysis showed a desynchronization of μ rhythm starting 300 ms after object presentation, but only when the objects were presented with a prototypical shape in peripersonal space. For those objects, desynchronization of μ rhythm diminished progressively from peripersonal to extrapersonal space. By contrast, no such gradient was observed in the object identification task. On the whole, these data indicate that motor coding of visual objects expressed in the μ rhythm depends on an object's shape and location in space, but also on the goal of the perceptual task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Wamain
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
| | - François Gabrielli
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
| | - Yann Coello
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France.
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129
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Rafique SA, Solomon-Harris LM, Steeves JKE. TMS to object cortex affects both object and scene remote networks while TMS to scene cortex only affects scene networks. Neuropsychologia 2015; 79:86-96. [PMID: 26511624 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Viewing the world involves many computations across a great number of regions of the brain, all the while appearing seamless and effortless. We sought to determine the connectivity of object and scene processing regions of cortex through the influence of transient focal neural noise in discrete nodes within these networks. We consecutively paired repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with functional magnetic resonance-adaptation (fMR-A) to measure the effect of rTMS on functional response properties at the stimulation site and in remote regions. In separate sessions, rTMS was applied to the object preferential lateral occipital region (LO) and scene preferential transverse occipital sulcus (TOS). Pre- and post-stimulation responses were compared using fMR-A. In addition to modulating BOLD signal at the stimulation site, TMS affected remote regions revealing inter and intrahemispheric connections between LO, TOS, and the posterior parahippocampal place area (PPA). Moreover, we show remote effects from object preferential LO to outside the ventral perception network, in parietal and frontal areas, indicating an interaction of dorsal and ventral streams and possibly a shared common framework of perception and action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Rafique
- Centre for Vision Research and Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lily M Solomon-Harris
- Centre for Vision Research and Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jennifer K E Steeves
- Centre for Vision Research and Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada.
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130
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Abela E, Missimer JH, Federspiel A, Seiler A, Hess CW, Sturzenegger M, Wiest R, Weder BJ. A Thalamic-Fronto-Parietal Structural Covariance Network Emerging in the Course of Recovery from Hand Paresis after Ischemic Stroke. Front Neurol 2015; 6:211. [PMID: 26528235 PMCID: PMC4602136 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To describe structural covariance networks of gray matter volume (GMV) change in 28 patients with first-ever stroke to the primary sensorimotor cortices, and to investigate their relationship to hand function recovery and local GMV change. METHODS Tensor-based morphometry maps derived from high-resolution structural images were subject to principal component analyses to identify the networks. We calculated correlations between network expression and local GMV change, sensorimotor hand function and lesion volume. To verify which of the structural covariance networks of GMV change have a significant relationship to hand function, we performed an additional multivariate regression approach. RESULTS Expression of the second network, explaining 9.1% of variance, correlated with GMV increase in the medio-dorsal (md) thalamus and hand motor skill. Patients with positive expression coefficients were distinguished by significantly higher GMV increase of this structure during stroke recovery. Significant nodes of this network were located in md thalamus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and higher order sensorimotor cortices. Parameter of hand function had a unique relationship to the network and depended on an interaction between network expression and lesion volume. Inversely, network expression is limited in patients with large lesion volumes. CONCLUSION Chronic phase of sensorimotor cortical stroke has been characterized by a large scale co-varying structural network in the ipsilesional hemisphere associated specifically with sensorimotor hand skill. Its expression is related to GMV increase of md thalamus, one constituent of the network, and correlated with the cortico-striato-thalamic loop involved in control of motor execution and higher order sensorimotor cortices. A close relation between expression of this network with degree of recovery might indicate reduced compensatory resources in the impaired subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Abela
- Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN), Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Inselspital, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - John H Missimer
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute , Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Andrea Federspiel
- Department of Psychiatric Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Andrea Seiler
- Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN), Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Inselspital, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland ; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Inselspital, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Christian Walter Hess
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Inselspital, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Matthias Sturzenegger
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Inselspital, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Roland Wiest
- Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN), Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Inselspital, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Bruno J Weder
- Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging (SCAN), Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Inselspital, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland ; Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen , St. Gallen , Switzerland
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Dalla Volta R, Fasano F, Cerasa A, Mangone G, Quattrone A, Buccino G. Walking indoors, walking outdoors: an fMRI study. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1502. [PMID: 26483745 PMCID: PMC4589641 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An observation/execution matching system for walking has not been assessed yet. The present fMRI study was aimed at assessing whether, as for object-directed actions, an observation/execution matching system is active for walking and whether the spatial context of walking (open or narrow space) recruits different neural correlates. Two experimental conditions were employed. In the execution condition, while being scanned, participants performed walking on a rolling cylinder located just outside the scanner. The same action was performed also while observing a video presenting either an open space (a country field) or a narrow space (a corridor). In the observation condition, participants observed a video presenting an individual walking on the same cylinder on which the actual action was executed, the open space video and the narrow space video, respectively. Results showed common bilateral activations in the dorsal premotor/supplementary motor areas and in the posterior parietal lobe for both execution and observation of walking, thus supporting a matching system for this action. Moreover, specific sectors of the occipital–temporal cortex and the middle temporal gyrus were consistently active when processing a narrow space versus an open one, thus suggesting their involvement in the visuo-motor transformation required when walking in a narrow space. We forward that the present findings may have implications for rehabilitation of gait and sport training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Dalla Volta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università Magna Graecia Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Fasano
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Parma Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio Cerasa
- IBFM Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Germaneto, Italy
| | - Graziella Mangone
- IBFM Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Germaneto, Italy
| | - Aldo Quattrone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università Magna Graecia Catanzaro, Italy ; IBFM Istituto di Bioimmagini e Fisiologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Germaneto, Italy
| | - Giovanni Buccino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università Magna Graecia Catanzaro, Italy ; IRCCS Neuromed Pozzilli, Italy
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132
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Mizelle JC, Oparah A, Wheaton LA. Reliability of Visual and Somatosensory Feedback in Skilled Movement: The Role of the Cerebellum. Brain Topogr 2015; 29:27-41. [PMID: 26306810 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-015-0446-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The integration of vision and somatosensation is required to allow for accurate motor behavior. While both sensory systems contribute to an understanding of the state of the body through continuous updating and estimation, how the brain processes unreliable sensory information remains to be fully understood in the context of complex action. Using functional brain imaging, we sought to understand the role of the cerebellum in weighting visual and somatosensory feedback by selectively reducing the reliability of each sense individually during a tool use task. We broadly hypothesized upregulated activation of the sensorimotor and cerebellar areas during movement with reduced visual reliability, and upregulated activation of occipital brain areas during movement with reduced somatosensory reliability. As specifically compared to reduced somatosensory reliability, we expected greater activations of ipsilateral sensorimotor cerebellum for intact visual and somatosensory reliability. Further, we expected that ipsilateral posterior cognitive cerebellum would be affected with reduced visual reliability. We observed that reduced visual reliability results in a trend towards the relative consolidation of sensorimotor activation and an expansion of cerebellar activation. In contrast, reduced somatosensory reliability was characterized by the absence of cerebellar activations and a trend towards the increase of right frontal, left parietofrontal activation, and temporo-occipital areas. Our findings highlight the role of the cerebellum for specific aspects of skillful motor performance. This has relevance to understanding basic aspects of brain functions underlying sensorimotor integration, and provides a greater understanding of cerebellar function in tool use motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Mizelle
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
- Cognitive Motor Control Laboratory, School of Applied Physiology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 555 14th St., Atlanta, GA, 30332-0356, USA
| | - Alexis Oparah
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Box 90086, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Lewis A Wheaton
- Cognitive Motor Control Laboratory, School of Applied Physiology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 555 14th St., Atlanta, GA, 30332-0356, USA.
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133
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Halje P, Seeck M, Blanke O, Ionta S. Inferior frontal oscillations reveal visuo-motor matching for actions and speech: evidence from human intracranial recordings. Neuropsychologia 2015; 79:206-14. [PMID: 26282276 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The neural correspondence between the systems responsible for the execution and recognition of actions has been suggested both in humans and non-human primates. Apart from being a key region of this visuo-motor observation-execution matching (OEM) system, the human inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) is also important for speech production. The functional overlap of visuo-motor OEM and speech, together with the phylogenetic history of the IFG as a motor area, has led to the idea that speech function has evolved from pre-existing motor systems and to the hypothesis that an OEM system may exist also for speech. However, visuo-motor OEM and speech OEM have never been compared directly. We used electrocorticography to analyze oscillations recorded from intracranial electrodes in human fronto-parieto-temporal cortex during visuo-motor (executing or visually observing an action) and speech OEM tasks (verbally describing an action using the first or third person pronoun). The results show that neural activity related to visuo-motor OEM is widespread in the frontal, parietal, and temporal regions. Speech OEM also elicited widespread responses partly overlapping with visuo-motor OEM sites (bilaterally), including frontal, parietal, and temporal regions. Interestingly a more focal region, the inferior frontal gyrus (bilaterally), showed both visuo-motor OEM and speech OEM properties independent of orolingual speech-unrelated movements. Building on the methodological advantages in human invasive electrocorticography, the present findings provide highly precise spatial and temporal information to support the existence of a modality-independent action representation system in the human brain that is shared between systems for performing, interpreting and describing actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pär Halje
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland; Integrative Neurophysiology and Neurotechnology, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Margitta Seeck
- Presurgical Epilepsy Evaluation Unit, Department of Neurology, Geneva University Hospital (HUG), Switzerland
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland; Presurgical Epilepsy Evaluation Unit, Department of Neurology, Geneva University Hospital (HUG), Switzerland
| | - Silvio Ionta
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland; The Laboratory for Investigative Neurophysiology (The LINE), Department of Radiology and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
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134
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Hoshi E, Ishida H. Elucidating network mechanisms underlying hand actions (Commentary on Simone et al.). Eur J Neurosci 2015; 42:2879-81. [PMID: 26261903 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Hoshi
- Frontal Lobe Function Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa 2-1-6, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ishida
- Frontal Lobe Function Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa 2-1-6, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
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135
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Matsunaga E, Nambu S, Oka M, Tanaka M, Taoka M, Iriki A. Identification of tool use acquisition-associated genes in the primate neocortex. Dev Growth Differ 2015; 57:484-495. [PMID: 26173833 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Japanese macaques are able to learn how to use rakes to take food after only a few weeks of training. Since tool-use training induced rapid morphological changes in some restricted brain areas, this system will be a good model for studying the neural basis of plasticity in human brains. To examine the mechanisms of tool-use associated brain expansion on the molecular and cellular level, here, we performed comprehensive analysis of gene expressions with microarray. We identified various transcripts showing differential expression between trained and untrained monkeys in the region around the lateral and intraparietal sulci. Among candidates, we focused on genes related to synapse formation and function. Using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and histochemical analysis, we confirmed at least three genes (ADAM19, SPON2, and WIF1) with statistically different expression levels in neurons and glial cells. Comparative analysis revealed that tool use-associated genes were more obviously expressed in macaque monkeys than marmosets or mice. Thus, our findings suggest that cognitive tasks induce structural changes in the neocortex via gene expression, and that learning-associated genes innately differ with relation to learning ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Matsunaga
- Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sanae Nambu
- Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mariko Oka
- Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Michio Tanaka
- Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Miki Taoka
- Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iriki
- Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
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136
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Lee Masson H, Bulthé J, Op de Beeck HP, Wallraven C. Visual and Haptic Shape Processing in the Human Brain: Unisensory Processing, Multisensory Convergence, and Top-Down Influences. Cereb Cortex 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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137
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Gallese V, Gernsbacher MA, Heyes C, Hickok G, Iacoboni M. Mirror Neuron Forum. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2015; 6:369-407. [PMID: 25520744 DOI: 10.1177/1745691611413392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Gallese
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, and Italian Institute of Technology Brain Center for Social and Motor Cognition, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Cecilia Heyes
- All Souls College and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Hickok
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine
| | - Marco Iacoboni
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Social Behavior, Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
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138
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van Polanen V, Davare M. Interactions between dorsal and ventral streams for controlling skilled grasp. Neuropsychologia 2015; 79:186-91. [PMID: 26169317 PMCID: PMC4678292 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The two visual systems hypothesis suggests processing of visual information into two distinct routes in the brain: a dorsal stream for the control of actions and a ventral stream for the identification of objects. Recently, increasing evidence has shown that the dorsal and ventral streams are not strictly independent, but do interact with each other. In this paper, we argue that the interactions between dorsal and ventral streams are important for controlling complex object-oriented hand movements, especially skilled grasp. Anatomical studies have reported the existence of direct connections between dorsal and ventral stream areas. These physiological interconnections appear to be gradually more active as the precision demands of the grasp become higher. It is hypothesised that the dorsal stream needs to retrieve detailed information about object identity, stored in ventral stream areas, when the object properties require complex fine-tuning of the grasp. In turn, the ventral stream might receive up to date grasp-related information from dorsal stream areas to refine the object internal representation. Future research will provide direct evidence for which specific areas of the two streams interact, the timing of their interactions and in which behavioural context they occur. The dorsal and ventral streams are both involved in skilled grasping movements. Ventral areas feed dorsal areas with information about object identity. Grasps of increased complexity require gradually higher recruitment of ventral areas. Dorsal stream inputs could fine tune object representations stored in ventral areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vonne van Polanen
- Motor Control Laboratory, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Biomedical Sciences Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Marco Davare
- Motor Control Laboratory, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Biomedical Sciences Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG London, United Kingdom.
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139
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Saarinen T, Jalava A, Kujala J, Stevenson C, Salmelin R. Task-sensitive reconfiguration of corticocortical 6-20 Hz oscillatory coherence in naturalistic human performance. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:2455-69. [PMID: 25760689 PMCID: PMC6680250 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrophysiological oscillatory coherence between brain regions has been proposed to facilitate functional long-range connectivity within neurocognitive networks. This notion is supported by intracortical recordings of coherence in singled-out corticocortical connections in the primate cortex. However, the manner in which this operational principle manifests in the task-sensitive connectivity that supports human naturalistic performance remains undercharacterized. Here, we demonstrate task-sensitive reconfiguration of global patterns of coherent connectivity in association with a set of easier and more demanding naturalistic tasks, ranging from picture comparison to speech comprehension and object manipulation. Based on whole-cortex neuromagnetic recording in healthy behaving individuals, the task-sensitive component of long-range corticocortical coherence was mapped at spectrally narrow-band oscillatory frequencies between 6 and 20 Hz (theta to alpha and low-beta bands). This data-driven cortical mapping unveiled markedly distinct and topologically task-relevant spatiospectral connectivity patterns for the different tasks. The results demonstrate semistable oscillatory states relevant for neurocognitive processing. The present findings decisively link human behavior to corticocortical coherence at oscillatory frequencies that are widely thought to convey long-range, feedback-type neural interaction in cortical functional networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Saarinen
- Brain Research UnitO.V. Lounasmaa LaboratoryAalto UniversityAALTOFinland
- Aalto NeuroImagingAalto UniversityAALTOFinland
| | - Antti Jalava
- Brain Research UnitO.V. Lounasmaa LaboratoryAalto UniversityAALTOFinland
- Aalto NeuroImagingAalto UniversityAALTOFinland
| | - Jan Kujala
- Brain Research UnitO.V. Lounasmaa LaboratoryAalto UniversityAALTOFinland
| | - Claire Stevenson
- Brain Research UnitO.V. Lounasmaa LaboratoryAalto UniversityAALTOFinland
| | - Riitta Salmelin
- Brain Research UnitO.V. Lounasmaa LaboratoryAalto UniversityAALTOFinland
- Aalto NeuroImagingAalto UniversityAALTOFinland
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140
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Kersey AJ, Clark TS, Lussier CA, Mahon BZ, Cantlon JF. Development of Tool Representations in the Dorsal and Ventral Visual Object Processing Pathways. Cereb Cortex 2015; 26:3135-45. [PMID: 26108614 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tools represent a special class of objects, because they are processed across both the dorsal and ventral visual object processing pathways. Three core regions are known to be involved in tool processing: the left posterior middle temporal gyrus, the medial fusiform gyrus (bilaterally), and the left inferior parietal lobule. A critical and relatively unexplored issue concerns whether, in development, tool preferences emerge at the same time and to a similar degree across all regions of the tool-processing network. To test this issue, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure the neural amplitude, peak location, and the dispersion of tool-related neural responses in the youngest sample of children tested to date in this domain (ages 4-8 years). We show that children recruit overlapping regions of the adult tool-processing network and also exhibit similar patterns of co-activation across the network to adults. The amplitude and co-activation data show that the core components of the tool-processing network are established by age 4. Our findings on the distributions of peak location and dispersion of activation indicate that the tool network undergoes refinement between ages 4 and 8 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bradford Z Mahon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, New York, NY 14627, USA Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, NY 14642, USA
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141
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Caminiti R, Innocenti GM, Battaglia-Mayer A. Organization and evolution of parieto-frontal processing streams in macaque monkeys and humans. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 56:73-96. [PMID: 26112130 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The functional organization of the parieto-frontal system is crucial for understanding cognitive-motor behavior and provides the basis for interpreting the consequences of parietal lesions in humans from a neurobiological perspective. The parieto-frontal connectivity defines some main information streams that, rather than being devoted to restricted functions, underlie a rich behavioral repertoire. Surprisingly, from macaque to humans, evolution has added only a few, new functional streams, increasing however their complexity and encoding power. In fact, the characterization of the conduction times of parietal and frontal areas to different target structures has recently opened a new window on cortical dynamics, suggesting that evolution has amplified the probability of dynamic interactions between the nodes of the network, thanks to communication patterns based on temporally-dispersed conduction delays. This might allow the representation of sensory-motor signals within multiple neural assemblies and reference frames, as to optimize sensory-motor remapping within an action space characterized by different and more complex demands across evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Caminiti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome SAPIENZA, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giorgio M Innocenti
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Brain and Mind Institute, Federal Institute of Technology, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Battaglia-Mayer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome SAPIENZA, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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142
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143
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Pavlova E, Hedberg Å, Ponten E, Gantelius S, Valero-Cuevas FJ, Forssberg H. Activity in the brain network for dynamic manipulation of unstable objects is robust to acute tactile nerve block: An fMRI study. Brain Res 2015; 1620:98-106. [PMID: 25998541 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study whether a temporary block of the tactile afferents from the fingers causes altered activity in the neural network for dexterous manipulation. METHODS Whole-brain functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) was conducted in 18 healthy subjects, while they compressed an unstable spring between the thumb and index finger of the right hand. Two sensory conditions--with and without tactile input from the fingers--were employed. In the latter condition the digital nerves were blocked by local anesthesia. RESULTS Compression of the unstable spring was associated with activity in an earlier described network for object manipulation. We found that this entire network remained active after a nerve block, and the activity was increased in the dorsal premotor cortex. CONCLUSIONS The neural network for dexterous manipulation is robust with only minor alterations after acute loss of tactile information from the fingers. There was no loss of activity, but, unexpectedly, an increased activity in some parts of the network. SIGNIFICANCE This study gives new insights to possible neural compensatory mechanisms that make fine motor control possible after acute disruption of tactile information in natural situations like cold weather or wearing surgical gloves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pavlova
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Danderyd University Hospital, 18288 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, 18288 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Åsa Hedberg
- Department of Women׳s and Children׳s Health, Neuropediatric Research Unit, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Brain Institute, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Ponten
- Department of Women׳s and Children׳s Health, Neuropediatric Research Unit, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Astrid Lindgren Children׳s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Gantelius
- Department of Women׳s and Children׳s Health, Neuropediatric Research Unit, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Astrid Lindgren Children׳s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francisco J Valero-Cuevas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Division of Biokinesiology & Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hans Forssberg
- Department of Women׳s and Children׳s Health, Neuropediatric Research Unit, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Brain Institute, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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144
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Potgieser ARE, van der Hoorn A, de Jong BM. Cerebral activations related to writing and drawing with each hand. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126723. [PMID: 25955655 PMCID: PMC4425548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Writing is a sequential motor action based on sensorimotor integration in visuospatial and linguistic functional domains. To test the hypothesis of lateralized circuitry concerning spatial and language components involved in such action, we employed an fMRI paradigm including writing and drawing with each hand. In this way, writing-related contributions of dorsal and ventral premotor regions in each hemisphere were assessed, together with effects in wider distributed circuitry. Given a right-hemisphere dominance for spatial action, right dorsal premotor cortex dominance was expected in left-hand writing while dominance of the left ventral premotor cortex was expected during right-hand writing. Methods Sixteen healthy right-handed subjects were scanned during audition-guided writing of short sentences and simple figure drawing without visual feedback. Tapping with a pencil served as a basic control task for the two higher-order motor conditions. Activation differences were assessed with Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM). Results Writing and drawing showed parietal-premotor and posterior inferior temporal activations in both hemispheres when compared to tapping. Drawing activations were rather symmetrical for each hand. Activations in left- and right-hand writing were left-hemisphere dominant, while right dorsal premotor activation only occurred in left-hand writing, supporting a spatial motor contribution of particularly the right hemisphere. Writing contrasted to drawing revealed left-sided activations in the dorsal and ventral premotor cortex, Broca’s area, pre-Supplementary Motor Area and posterior middle and inferior temporal gyri, without parietal activation. Discussion The audition-driven postero-inferior temporal activations indicated retrieval of virtual visual form characteristics in writing and drawing, with additional activation concerning word form in the left hemisphere. Similar parietal processing in writing and drawing pointed at a common mechanism by which such visually formatted information is used for subsequent sensorimotor integration along a dorsal visuomotor pathway. In this, the left posterior middle temporal gyrus subserves phonological-orthographical conversion, dissociating dorsal parietal-premotor circuitry from perisylvian circuitry including Broca's area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriaan R. E. Potgieser
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Neuroimaging center, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk van der Hoorn
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Neuroimaging center, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bauke M. de Jong
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Neuroimaging center, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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145
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Schulz R, Koch P, Zimerman M, Wessel M, Bönstrup M, Thomalla G, Cheng B, Gerloff C, Hummel FC. Parietofrontal motor pathways and their association with motor function after stroke. Brain 2015; 138:1949-60. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Gurtubay-Antolin A, Rodriguez-Herreros B, Rodríguez-Fornells A. The speed of object recognition from a haptic glance: event-related potential evidence. J Neurophysiol 2015; 113:3069-75. [PMID: 25744887 PMCID: PMC4455565 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00836.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of an object usually involves a wide range of sensory inputs. Accumulating evidence shows that first brain responses associated with the visual discrimination of objects emerge around 150 ms, but fewer studies have been devoted to measure the first neural signature of haptic recognition. To investigate the speed of haptic processing, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) during a shape discrimination task without visual information. After a restricted exploratory procedure, participants (n = 27) were instructed to judge whether the touched object corresponded to an expected object whose name had been previously presented in a screen. We encountered that any incongruence between the presented word and the shape of the object evoked a frontocentral negativity starting at ∼175 ms. With the use of source analysis and L2 minimum-norm estimation, the neural sources of this differential activity were located in higher level somatosensory areas and prefrontal regions involved in error monitoring and cognitive control. Our findings reveal that the somatosensory system is able to complete an amount of haptic processing substantial enough to trigger conflict-related responses in medial and prefrontal cortices in <200 ms. The present results show that our haptic system is a fast recognition device closely interlinked with error- and conflict-monitoring processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Gurtubay-Antolin
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Basic Psychology, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Borja Rodriguez-Herreros
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Basic Psychology, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Antoni Rodríguez-Fornells
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Basic Psychology, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
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147
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Li H, Chen Y, Li Y, Yin B, Tang W, Yu X, Huang W, Geng D, Zhang B. Altered cortical activation during action observation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients: a parametric functional MRI study. Eur Radiol 2015; 25:2584-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-015-3671-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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148
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Cortical functioning in children with developmental coordination disorder: a motor overflow study. Exp Brain Res 2015; 233:1703-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-015-4243-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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149
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Begliomini C, Sartori L, Miotto D, Stramare R, Motta R, Castiello U. Exploring manual asymmetries during grasping: a dynamic causal modeling approach. Front Psychol 2015; 6:167. [PMID: 25759677 PMCID: PMC4338815 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recording of neural activity during grasping actions in macaques showed that grasp-related sensorimotor transformations are accomplished in a circuit constituted by the anterior part of the intraparietal sulcus (AIP), the ventral (F5) and the dorsal (F2) region of the premotor area. In humans, neuroimaging studies have revealed the existence of a similar circuit, involving the putative homolog of macaque areas AIP, F5, and F2. These studies have mainly considered grasping movements performed with the right dominant hand and only a few studies have measured brain activity associated with a movement performed with the left non-dominant hand. As a consequence of this gap, how the brain controls for grasping movement performed with the dominant and the non-dominant hand still represents an open question. A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment has been conducted, and effective connectivity (dynamic causal modeling, DCM) was used to assess how connectivity among grasping-related areas is modulated by hand (i.e., left and right) during the execution of grasping movements toward a small object requiring precision grasping. Results underlined boosted inter-hemispheric couplings between dorsal premotor cortices during the execution of movements performed with the left rather than the right dominant hand. More specifically, they suggest that the dorsal premotor cortices may play a fundamental role in monitoring the configuration of fingers when grasping movements are performed by either the right and the left hand. This role becomes particularly evident when the hand less-skilled (i.e., the left hand) to perform such action is utilized. The results are discussed in light of recent theories put forward to explain how parieto-frontal connectivity is modulated by the execution of prehensile movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Begliomini
- Department of General Psychology and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Padova Padova, Italy
| | - Luisa Sartori
- Department of General Psychology and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Padova Padova, Italy
| | - Diego Miotto
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Umberto Castiello
- Department of General Psychology and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Padova Padova, Italy
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Lameira AP, Pereira A, Conde E, Gawryszewski LG. Interaction between affordance and handedness recognition: a chronometric study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:316-20. [PMID: 25714894 PMCID: PMC4418361 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20144336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The visualization of tools and manipulable objects activates motor-related areas in
the cortex, facilitating possible actions toward them. This pattern of activity may
underlie the phenomenon of object affordance. Some cortical motor neurons are also
covertly activated during the recognition of body parts such as hands. One hypothesis
is that different subpopulations of motor neurons in the frontal cortex are activated
in each motor program; for example, canonical neurons in the premotor cortex are
responsible for the affordance of visual objects, while mirror neurons support motor
imagery triggered during handedness recognition. However, the question remains
whether these subpopulations work independently. This hypothesis can be tested with a
manual reaction time (MRT) task with a priming paradigm to evaluate whether the view
of a manipulable object interferes with the motor imagery of the subject's hand. The
MRT provides a measure of the course of information processing in the brain and
allows indirect evaluation of cognitive processes. Our results suggest that canonical
and mirror neurons work together to create a motor plan involving hand movements to
facilitate successful object manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Lameira
- Unidade Acadêmica Ciências da Vida, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Cajazeiras, PB, Brasil
| | - A Pereira
- Instituto do Cérebro, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - E Conde
- Departamento de Psicologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - L G Gawryszewski
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
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