101
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Joshi JJ, Coffey H, Corcoran E, Tsai J, Huang CL, Ichikawa K, Prajapati S, Hao MH, Bailey S, Wu J, Rimkunas V, Karr C, Subramanian V, Kumar P, MacKenzie C, Hurley R, Satoh T, Yu K, Park E, Rioux N, Kim A, Lai WG, Yu L, Zhu P, Buonamici S, Larsen N, Fekkes P, Wang J, Warmuth M, Reynolds DJ, Smith PG, Selvaraj A. H3B-6527 Is a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of FGFR4 in FGF19-Driven Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2018; 77:6999-7013. [PMID: 29247039 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor FGFR4 by FGF19 drives hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a disease with few, if any, effective treatment options. While a number of pan-FGFR inhibitors are being clinically evaluated, their application to FGF19-driven HCC may be limited by dose-limiting toxicities mediated by FGFR1-3 receptors. To evade the potential limitations of pan-FGFR inhibitors, we generated H3B-6527, a highly selective covalent FGFR4 inhibitor, through structure-guided drug design. Studies in a panel of 40 HCC cell lines and 30 HCC PDX models showed that FGF19 expression is a predictive biomarker for H3B-6527 response. Moreover, coadministration of the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib in combination with H3B-6527 could effectively trigger tumor regression in a xenograft model of HCC. Overall, our results offer preclinical proof of concept for H3B-6527 as a candidate therapeutic agent for HCC cases that exhibit increased expression of FGF19. Cancer Res; 77(24); 6999-7013. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeremy Wu
- H3 Biomedicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Craig Karr
- H3 Biomedicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kun Yu
- H3 Biomedicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Amy Kim
- H3 Biomedicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Lihua Yu
- H3 Biomedicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ping Zhu
- H3 Biomedicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - John Wang
- H3 Biomedicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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102
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Wu D, Guo M, Min X, Dai S, Li M, Tan S, Li G, Chen X, Ma Y, Li J, Jiang L, Qu L, Zhou Z, Chen Z, Chen L, Xu G, Chen Y. LY2874455 potently inhibits FGFR gatekeeper mutants and overcomes mutation-based resistance. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12089-12092. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07546h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
LY2874455 can avoid a steric clash with the mutated gatekeeper residue in FGFR4.
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103
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Wong JP, Todd JR, Finetti MA, McCarthy F, Broncel M, Vyse S, Luczynski MT, Crosier S, Ryall KA, Holmes K, Payne LS, Daley F, Wai P, Jenks A, Tanos B, Tan AC, Natrajan RC, Williamson D, Huang PH. Dual Targeting of PDGFRα and FGFR1 Displays Synergistic Efficacy in Malignant Rhabdoid Tumors. Cell Rep 2017; 17:1265-1275. [PMID: 27783942 PMCID: PMC5098123 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex are mutated in a significant proportion of human cancers. Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRTs) are lethal pediatric cancers characterized by a deficiency in the SWI/SNF subunit SMARCB1. Here, we employ an integrated molecular profiling and chemical biology approach to demonstrate that the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) PDGFRα and FGFR1 are coactivated in MRT cells and that dual blockade of these receptors has synergistic efficacy. Inhibitor combinations targeting both receptors and the dual inhibitor ponatinib suppress the AKT and ERK1/2 pathways leading to apoptosis. MRT cells that have acquired resistance to the PDGFRα inhibitor pazopanib are susceptible to FGFR inhibitors. We show that PDGFRα levels are regulated by SMARCB1 expression, and assessment of clinical specimens documents the expression of both PDGFRα and FGFR1 in rhabdoid tumor patients. Our findings support a therapeutic approach in cancers with SWI/SNF deficiencies by exploiting RTK coactivation dependencies. Malignant rhabdoid tumors display coactivation of PDGFRα and FGFR1 Dual inhibition of PDGFRα and FGFR1 leads to synergistic apoptosis FGFR1 inhibition overcomes acquired resistance to pazopanib treatment PDGFRα and FGFR1 are expressed in rhabdoid tumor patient specimens
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn P Wong
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Jason R Todd
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Martina A Finetti
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Frank McCarthy
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Malgorzata Broncel
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Simon Vyse
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Maciej T Luczynski
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Stephen Crosier
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Karen A Ryall
- Translational Bioinformatics and Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kate Holmes
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Leo S Payne
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Frances Daley
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Patty Wai
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Andrew Jenks
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Barbara Tanos
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Aik-Choon Tan
- Translational Bioinformatics and Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rachael C Natrajan
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Daniel Williamson
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Paul H Huang
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK.
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104
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Xia L, de Vries H, Yang X, Lenselink EB, Kyrizaki A, Barth F, Louvel J, Dreyer MK, van der Es D, IJzerman AP, Heitman LH. Kinetics of human cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor antagonists: Structure-kinetics relationships (SKR) and implications for insurmountable antagonism. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 151:166-179. [PMID: 29102677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
While equilibrium binding affinities and in vitro functional antagonism of CB1 receptor antagonists have been studied in detail, little is known on the kinetics of their receptor interaction. In this study, we therefore conducted kinetic assays for nine 1-(4,5-diarylthiophene-2-carbonyl)-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxamide derivatives and included the CB1 antagonist rimonabant as a comparison. For this we newly developed a dual-point competition association assay with [3H]CP55940 as the radioligand. This assay yielded Kinetic Rate Index (KRI) values from which structure-kinetics relationships (SKR) of hCB1 receptor antagonists could be established. The fast dissociating antagonist 6 had a similar receptor residence time (RT) as rimonabant, i.e. 19 and 14 min, respectively, while the slowest dissociating antagonist (9) had a very long RT of 2222 min, i.e. pseudo-irreversible dissociation kinetics. In functional assays, 9 displayed insurmountable antagonism, while the effects of the shortest RT antagonist 6 and rimonabant were surmountable. Taken together, this study shows that hCB1 receptor antagonists can have very divergent RTs, which are not correlated to their equilibrium affinities. Furthermore, their RTs appear to define their mode of functional antagonism, i.e. surmountable vs. insurmountable. Finally, based on the recently resolved hCB1 receptor crystal structure, we propose that the differences in RT can be explained by a different binding mode of antagonist 9 from short RT antagonists that is able to displace unfavorable water molecules. Taken together, these findings are of importance for future design and evaluation of potent and safe hCB1 receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizi Xia
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Henk de Vries
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Xue Yang
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Eelke B Lenselink
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Athina Kyrizaki
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Francis Barth
- Sanofi-Aventis Research and Development, 371, Rue du Professeur Blayac, 34184 Montpellier Cedex 04, France
| | - Julien Louvel
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias K Dreyer
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, Industriepark Hoechst, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daan van der Es
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan P IJzerman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Laura H Heitman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
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105
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Lau WM, Teng E, Huang KK, Tan JW, Das K, Zang Z, Chia T, Teh M, Kono K, Yong WP, Shabbir A, Tay A, Phua NS, Tan P, Chan SL, So JBY. Acquired Resistance to FGFR Inhibitor in Diffuse-Type Gastric Cancer through an AKT-Independent PKC-Mediated Phosphorylation of GSK3β. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 17:232-242. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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106
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Ilyas SI, Gores GJ. Emerging molecular therapeutic targets for cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepatol 2017; 67:632-644. [PMID: 28389139 PMCID: PMC5563275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) are diverse epithelial tumors arising from the liver or large bile ducts with features of cholangiocyte differentiation. CCAs are classified anatomically into intrahepatic (iCCA), perihilar (pCCA), and distal CCA (dCCA). Each subtype has distinct risk factors, molecular pathogenesis, therapeutic options, and prognosis. CCA is an aggressive malignancy with a poor overall prognosis and median survival of less than 2years in patients with advanced disease. Potentially curative surgical treatment options are limited to the subset of patients with early-stage disease. Presently, the available systemic medical therapies for advanced or metastatic CCA have limited therapeutic efficacy. Molecular alterations define the differences in biological behavior of each CCA subtype. Recent comprehensive genetic analysis has better characterized the genomic and transcriptomic landscape of each CCA subtype. Promising candidates for targeted, personalized therapy have emerged, including potential driver fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) gene fusions and somatic mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)1/2 in iCCA, protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha (PRKACA) or beta (PRKACB) gene fusions in pCCA, and ELF3 mutations in dCCA/ampullary carcinoma. A precision genomic medicine approach is dependent on an enhanced understanding of driver mutations in each subtype and stratification of patients according to their genetic drivers. We review the current genomic landscape of CCA, the potentially actionable molecular aberrations in each CCA subtype, and the role of immunotherapy in CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera I Ilyas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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107
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Cowell JK, Qin H, Hu T, Wu Q, Bhole A, Ren M. Mutation in the FGFR1 tyrosine kinase domain or inactivation of PTEN is associated with acquired resistance to FGFR inhibitors in FGFR1-driven leukemia/lymphomas. Int J Cancer 2017. [PMID: 28646488 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell leukemia/lymphoma syndrome (SCLL) is driven by constitutive activation of chimeric FGFR1 kinases generated by chromosome translocations. We have shown that FGFR inhibitors significantly suppress leukemia and lymphoma development in vivo, and cell viability in vitro. Since resistance to targeted therapies is a major reason for relapse, we developed FGFR1-overexpressing mouse and human cell lines that are resistant to the specific FGFR inhibitors AZD4547 and BGJ398, as well as non-specific inhibitors, such as ponatinib, TKI258 and E3810. Two mutually exclusive mechanisms for resistance were demonstrated; an activating V561M mutation in the FGFR1 kinase domain and mutational inactivation of PTEN resulting in increased PI3K/AKT activity. Ectopic expression of PTEN in the PTEN-mutant cells resensitizes them to FGFR inhibitors. Treatment of resistant cells with BGJ398, in combination with the BEZ235 PI3K inhibitor, shows an additive effect on growth in vitro and prolongs survival in xenograft models in vivo. These studies provide the first direct evidence for both the involvement of the FGFR1 V561M mutation and PTEN inactivation in the development of resistance in leukemias overexpressing chimeric FGFR1. These studies also provide a potential strategy to treat leukemias and lymphomas driven by FGFR1 activation that become resistant to FGFR1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Cowell
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Haiyan Qin
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Tianxiang Hu
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Qing Wu
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Aaron Bhole
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Mingqiang Ren
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
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108
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Li X, Guise CP, Taghipouran R, Yosaatmadja Y, Ashoorzadeh A, Paik WK, Squire CJ, Jiang S, Luo J, Xu Y, Tu ZC, Lu X, Ren X, Patterson AV, Smaill JB, Ding K. 2-Oxo-3, 4-dihydropyrimido[4, 5- d ]pyrimidinyl derivatives as new irreversible pan fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 135:531-543. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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109
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Albanaz ATS, Rodrigues CHM, Pires DEV, Ascher DB. Combating mutations in genetic disease and drug resistance: understanding molecular mechanisms to guide drug design. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:553-563. [PMID: 28490289 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1322579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mutations introduce diversity into genomes, leading to selective changes and driving evolution. These changes have contributed to the emergence of many of the current major health concerns of the 21st century, from the development of genetic diseases and cancers to the rise and spread of drug resistance. The experimental systematic testing of all mutations in a system of interest is impractical and not cost-effective, which has created interest in the development of computational tools to understand the molecular consequences of mutations to aid and guide rational experimentation. Areas covered: Here, the authors discuss the recent development of computational methods to understand the effects of coding mutations to protein function and interactions, particularly in the context of the 3D structure of the protein. Expert opinion: While significant progress has been made in terms of innovative tools to understand and quantify the different range of effects in which a mutation or a set of mutations can give rise to a phenotype, a great gap still exists when integrating these predictions and drawing causality conclusions linking variants. This often requires a detailed understanding of the system being perturbed. However, as part of the drug development process it can be used preemptively in a similar fashion to pharmacokinetics predictions, to guide development of therapeutics to help guide the design and analysis of clinical trials, patient treatment and public health policy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda T S Albanaz
- a Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil.,b Department of Biochemistry and Immunology , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Carlos H M Rodrigues
- a Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil.,b Department of Biochemistry and Immunology , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Douglas E V Pires
- a Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
| | - David B Ascher
- a Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil.,c Department of Biochemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , Cambridgeshire , UK.,d Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
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110
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Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) regulate numerous cellular processes. Deregulation of FGFR signalling is observed in a subset of many cancers, making activated FGFRs a highly promising potential therapeutic target supported by multiple preclinical studies. However, early-phase clinical trials have produced mixed results with FGFR-targeted cancer therapies, revealing substantial complexity to targeting aberrant FGFR signalling. In this Review, we discuss the increasing understanding of the differences between diverse mechanisms of oncogenic activation of FGFR, and the factors that determine response and resistance to FGFR targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina S Babina
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Nicholas C Turner
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Breast Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
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111
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Zhao Z, Liu Q, Bliven S, Xie L, Bourne PE. Determining Cysteines Available for Covalent Inhibition Across the Human Kinome. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2879-2889. [PMID: 28326775 PMCID: PMC5493210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Covalently bound protein kinase inhibitors have been frequently designed to target noncatalytic cysteines at the ATP binding site. Thus, it is important to know if a given cysteine can form a covalent bond. Here we combine a function-site interaction fingerprint method and DFT calculations to determine the potential of cysteines to form a covalent interaction with an inhibitor. By harnessing the human structural kinome, a comprehensive structure-based binding site cysteine data set was assembled. The orientation of the cysteine thiol group indicates which cysteines can potentially form covalent bonds. These covalent inhibitor easy-available cysteines are located within five regions: P-loop, roof of pocket, front pocket, catalytic-2 of the catalytic loop, and DFG-3 close to the DFG peptide. In an independent test set these cysteines covered 95% of covalent kinase inhibitors. This study provides new insights into cysteine reactivity and preference which is important for the prospective development of covalent kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhao
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Qingsong Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui230031, China
| | - Spencer Bliven
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Computer Science, Hunter College, The City University of New York, NY 10065, USA
- The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Philip E. Bourne
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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112
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Goyal L, Saha SK, Liu LY, Siravegna G, Leshchiner I, Ahronian LG, Lennerz JK, Vu P, Deshpande V, Kambadakone A, Mussolin B, Reyes S, Henderson L, Sun JE, Van Seventer EE, Gurski JM, Baltschukat S, Schacher-Engstler B, Barys L, Stamm C, Furet P, Ryan DP, Stone JR, Iafrate AJ, Getz G, Porta DG, Tiedt R, Bardelli A, Juric D, Corcoran RB, Bardeesy N, Zhu AX. Polyclonal Secondary FGFR2 Mutations Drive Acquired Resistance to FGFR Inhibition in Patients with FGFR2 Fusion-Positive Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Discov 2017; 7:252-263. [PMID: 28034880 PMCID: PMC5433349 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Genetic alterations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathway are promising therapeutic targets in many cancers, including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). The FGFR inhibitor BGJ398 displayed encouraging efficacy in patients with FGFR2 fusion-positive ICC in a phase II trial, but the durability of response was limited in some patients. Here, we report the molecular basis for acquired resistance to BGJ398 in three patients via integrative genomic characterization of cell-free circulating tumor DNA (cfDNA), primary tumors, and metastases. Serial analysis of cfDNA demonstrated multiple recurrent point mutations in the FGFR2 kinase domain at progression. Accordingly, biopsy of post-progression lesions and rapid autopsy revealed marked inter- and intralesional heterogeneity, with different FGFR2 mutations in individual resistant clones. Molecular modeling and in vitro studies indicated that each mutation led to BGJ398 resistance and was surmountable by structurally distinct FGFR inhibitors. Thus, polyclonal secondary FGFR2 mutations represent an important clinical resistance mechanism that may guide the development of future therapeutic strategies.Significance: We report the first genetic mechanisms of clinical acquired resistance to FGFR inhibition in patients with FGFR2 fusion-positive ICC. Our findings can inform future strategies for detecting resistance mechanisms and inducing more durable remissions in ICC and in the wide variety of cancers where the FGFR pathway is being explored as a therapeutic target. Cancer Discov; 7(3); 252-63. ©2016 AACR.See related commentary by Smyth et al., p. 248This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 235.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Bile Duct Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Bile Duct Neoplasms/genetics
- Bile Duct Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Cycle Proteins
- Cholangiocarcinoma/drug therapy
- Cholangiocarcinoma/genetics
- Cholangiocarcinoma/pathology
- Circulating Tumor DNA/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Gene Fusion
- Humans
- Male
- Membrane Transport Proteins
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Phenylurea Compounds/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/chemistry
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/chemistry
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/metabolism
- Transcription Factor TFIIIA/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipika Goyal
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Supriya K Saha
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leah Y Liu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Giulia Siravegna
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (FIRC) Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milano, Italy
| | - Ignaty Leshchiner
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Leanne G Ahronian
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jochen K Lennerz
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Phuong Vu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Avinash Kambadakone
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Stephanie Reyes
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura Henderson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jiaoyuan Elisabeth Sun
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emily E Van Seventer
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph M Gurski
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sabrina Baltschukat
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Translational Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Louise Barys
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Translational Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Stamm
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Translational Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Furet
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Global Discovery Chemistry, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David P Ryan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James R Stone
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - A John Iafrate
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gad Getz
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Diana Graus Porta
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Translational Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Tiedt
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Translational Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Bardelli
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Dejan Juric
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ryan B Corcoran
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Andrew X Zhu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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113
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Chae YK, Ranganath K, Hammerman PS, Vaklavas C, Mohindra N, Kalyan A, Matsangou M, Costa R, Carneiro B, Villaflor VM, Cristofanilli M, Giles FJ. Inhibition of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathway: the current landscape and barriers to clinical application. Oncotarget 2017; 8:16052-16074. [PMID: 28030802 PMCID: PMC5362545 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGF/FGFR) is a tyrosine kinase signaling pathway that has a fundamental role in many biologic processes including embryonic development, tissue regeneration, and angiogenesis. Increasing evidence indicates that this pathway plays a critical role in oncogenesis via gene amplification, activating mutations, or translocation in tumors of various histologies. With multiplex sequencing technology, the detection of FGFR aberrations has become more common and is tied to cancer cell proliferation, resistance to anticancer therapies, and neoangiogenesis. Inhibition of FGFR signaling appears promising in preclinical studies, suggesting a pathway of clinical interest in the development of targeted therapy. Phase I trials have demonstrated a manageable toxicity profile. Currently, there are multiple FGFR inhibitors under study with many non-selective (multi-kinase) inhibitors demonstrating limited clinical responses. As we progress from the first generation of non-selective drugs to the second generation of selective FGFR inhibitors, it is clear that FGFR aberrations do not behave uniformly across cancer types; thus, a deeper understanding of biomarker strategies is undoubtedly warranted. This review aims to consolidate data from recent clinical trials with a focus on selective FGFR inhibitors. As Phase II clinical trials emerge, concentration on patient selection as it pertains to predicting response to therapy, feasible methods for overcoming toxicity, and the likelihood of combination therapies should be utilized. We will also discuss qualities that may be desirable in future generations of FGFR inhibitors, with the hope that overcoming these current barriers will expedite the availability of this novel class of medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Kwang Chae
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Keerthi Ranganath
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Christos Vaklavas
- Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nisha Mohindra
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aparna Kalyan
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maria Matsangou
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ricardo Costa
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Benedito Carneiro
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Victoria M. Villaflor
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Massimo Cristofanilli
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Francis J. Giles
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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114
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De Luca A, Frezzetti D, Gallo M, Normanno N. FGFR-targeted therapeutics for the treatment of breast cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:303-311. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1287173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella De Luca
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Frezzetti
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Gallo
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Normanno
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
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115
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Cheeseman M, Chessum NEA, Rye CS, Pasqua AE, Tucker M, Wilding B, Evans LE, Lepri S, Richards M, Sharp SY, Ali S, Rowlands M, O’Fee L, Miah A, Hayes A, Henley AT, Powers M, te Poele R, De Billy E, Pellegrino L, Raynaud F, Burke R, van Montfort RLM, Eccles SA, Workman P, Jones K. Discovery of a Chemical Probe Bisamide (CCT251236): An Orally Bioavailable Efficacious Pirin Ligand from a Heat Shock Transcription Factor 1 (HSF1) Phenotypic Screen. J Med Chem 2017; 60:180-201. [PMID: 28004573 PMCID: PMC6014687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic screens, which focus on measuring and quantifying discrete cellular changes rather than affinity for individual recombinant proteins, have recently attracted renewed interest as an efficient strategy for drug discovery. In this article, we describe the discovery of a new chemical probe, bisamide (CCT251236), identified using an unbiased phenotypic screen to detect inhibitors of the HSF1 stress pathway. The chemical probe is orally bioavailable and displays efficacy in a human ovarian carcinoma xenograft model. By developing cell-based SAR and using chemical proteomics, we identified pirin as a high affinity molecular target, which was confirmed by SPR and crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew
D. Cheeseman
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola E. A. Chessum
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Carl S. Rye
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - A. Elisa Pasqua
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Michael
J. Tucker
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Birgit Wilding
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay E. Evans
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Lepri
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Meirion Richards
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Swee Y. Sharp
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Salyha Ali
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
- Division
of Structural Biology at The Institute of
Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Rowlands
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa O’Fee
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Asadh Miah
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Hayes
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Alan T. Henley
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Marissa Powers
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Robert te Poele
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel De Billy
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Loredana Pellegrino
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Florence Raynaud
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary Burke
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Rob L. M. van Montfort
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
- Division
of Structural Biology at The Institute of
Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne A. Eccles
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Workman
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Jones
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
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116
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Targeting FGFR Pathway in Breast Cancer. Breast Cancer 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48848-6_70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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117
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Nelson KN, Peiris MN, Meyer AN, Siari A, Donoghue DJ. Receptor Tyrosine Kinases: Translocation Partners in Hematopoietic Disorders. Trends Mol Med 2016; 23:59-79. [PMID: 27988109 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) activate various signaling pathways and regulate cellular proliferation, survival, migration, and angiogenesis. Malignant neoplasms often circumvent or subjugate these pathways by promoting RTK overactivation through mutation or chromosomal translocation. RTK translocations create a fusion protein containing a dimerizing partner fused to an RTK kinase domain, resulting in constitutive kinase domain activation, altered RTK cellular localization, upregulation of downstream signaling, and novel pathway activation. While RTK translocations in hematological malignancies are relatively rare, clinical evidence suggests that patients with these genetic abnormalities benefit from RTK-targeted inhibitors. Here, we present a timely review of an exciting field by examining RTK chromosomal translocations in hematological cancers, such as Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK), Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR), Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor (PDGFR), REarranged during Transfection (RET), Colony Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor (CSF1R), and Neurotrophic Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Type 3 (NTRK3) fusions, and discuss current therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn N Nelson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Malalage N Peiris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - April N Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Asma Siari
- Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel J Donoghue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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118
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Therapeutics Targeting FGF Signaling Network in Human Diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:1081-1096. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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119
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Cheng W, Wang M, Tian X, Zhang X. An overview of the binding models of FGFR tyrosine kinases in complex with small molecule inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 126:476-490. [PMID: 27914362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) includes four structurally related members, termed as FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, and FGFR4. Given its intimate role in the progression of several solid tumors, excessive FGFR signaling provides an opportunity for anticancer therapy. Along with extensive pharmacological studies validating the therapeutic potential of targeting the FGFRs for cancer treatment, co-crystal structures of FGFRs/inhibitors are continuously coming up to study the mechanism of actions and explore new inhibitors. Herein, we review the reported co-crystals of FGFRs in complex with the corresponding inhibitors, main focusing our attention on the binding models and the pharmacological activities of the inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Mixiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473000, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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120
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Cho SH, Hong CS, Kim HN, Shin MH, Kim KR, Shim HJ, Hwang JE, Bae WK, Chung IJ. FGFR4 Arg388 Is Correlated with Poor Survival in Resected Colon Cancer Promoting Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition. Cancer Res Treat 2016; 49:766-777. [PMID: 27857023 PMCID: PMC5512371 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2016.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) plays an important role in cancer progression during tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. This study evaluated the prognostic role of FGFR4 polymorphism in patients with resected colon cancer, including the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS FGFR4 polymorphism was characterized in patientswho received curative resection for stage III colon cancer. FGFR4-dependent signal pathways involving cell proliferation, invasion, and migration according to genotypes were also evaluated in transfected colon cancer cell lines. RESULTS Among a total of 273 patients, the GG of FGFR4 showed significantly better overall survival than the AG or AA, regardless of adjuvant treatment. In the group of AG or AA, combination of folinic acid, fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) resulted in better survival than fluorouracil/leucovorin or no adjuvant chemotherapy. However, in GG, there was no difference among treatment regimens. Using multivariate analyses, the Arg388 carriers, together with age, N stage, poor differentiation, absence of a lymphocyte response, and no adjuvant chemotherapy, had a significantly worse OS than patients with the Gly388 allele. In transfected colon cancer cells, overexpression of Arg388 significantly increased cell proliferation and changes in epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers compared with cells overexpressing the Gly388 allele. CONCLUSION The Arg388 allele of FGFR4 may be a biomarker and a candidate target for adjuvant treatment of patients with resected colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hee Cho
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Chang Soo Hong
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Hee Nam Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Min Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ka Rham Kim
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Shim
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Jun Eul Hwang
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Woo Kyun Bae
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Ik Joo Chung
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
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121
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Chamberlin MD, Bernhardt EB, Miller TW. Clinical Implementation of Novel Targeted Therapeutics in Advanced Breast Cancer. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2454-63. [PMID: 27146558 PMCID: PMC6010350 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The majority of advanced breast cancers have genetic alterations that are potentially targetable with drugs. Through initiatives such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), data can be mined to provide context for next-generation sequencing (NGS) results in the landscape of advanced breast cancer. Therapies for targets other than estrogen receptor alpha (ER) and HER2, such as cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6, were recently approved based on efficacy in patient subpopulations, but no predictive biomarkers have been found, leaving clinicians to continue a trial-and-error approach with each patient. Next-generation sequencing identifies potentially actionable alterations in genes thought to be drivers in the cancerous process including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), AKT, fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), and mutant HER2. Epigenetically directed and immunologic therapies have also shown promise for the treatment of breast cancer via histone deacetylases (HDAC) 1 and 3, programmed T cell death 1 (PD-1), and programmed T cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Identifying biomarkers to predict primary resistance in breast cancer will ultimately affect clinical decisions regarding adjuvant therapy in the first-line setting. However, the bulk of medical decision-making is currently made in the secondary resistance setting. Herein, we review the clinical potential of PI3K, AKT, FGFRs, mutant HER2, HDAC1/3, PD-1, and PD-L1 as therapeutic targets in breast cancer, focusing on the rationale for therapeutic development and the status of clinical testing. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2454-2463, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary D Chamberlin
- Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire.
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, One Medical Center Dr., Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire.
- Comprehensive Breast Program, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire.
| | - Erica B Bernhardt
- Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Todd W Miller
- Comprehensive Breast Program, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
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122
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Fischer PM. Approved and Experimental Small-Molecule Oncology Kinase Inhibitor Drugs: A Mid-2016 Overview. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:314-367. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Fischer
- School of Pharmacy and Centre for Biomolecular Sciences; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
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123
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Wu D, Guo M, Philips MA, Qu L, Jiang L, Li J, Chen X, Chen Z, Chen L, Chen Y. Crystal Structure of the FGFR4/LY2874455 Complex Reveals Insights into the Pan-FGFR Selectivity of LY2874455. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162491. [PMID: 27618313 PMCID: PMC5019380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant FGFR4 signaling has been documented abundantly in various human cancers. The majority of FGFR inhibitors display significantly reduced potency toward FGFR4 compared to FGFR1-3. However, LY2874455 has similar inhibition potency for FGFR1-4 with IC50 less than 6.4 nM. To date, there is no published crystal structure of LY2874455 in complex with any kinase. To better understand the pan-FGFR selectivity of LY2874455, we have determined the crystal structure of the FGFR4 kinase domain bound to LY2874455 at a resolution of 2.35 Å. LY2874455, a type I inhibitor for FGFR4, binds to the ATP-binding pocket of FGFR4 in a DFG-in active conformation with three hydrogen bonds and a number of van der Waals contacts. After alignment of the kinase domain sequence of 4 FGFRs, and superposition of the ATP binding pocket of 4 FGFRs, our structural analyses reveal that the interactions of LY2874455 to FGFR4 are largely conserved in 4 FGFRs, explaining at least partly, the broad inhibitory activity of LY2874455 toward 4 FGFRs. Consequently, our studies reveal new insights into the pan-FGFR selectivity of LY2874455 and provide a structural basis for developing novel FGFR inhibitors that target FGFR1-4 broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichao Wu
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Michael A. Philips
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States of America
| | - Lingzhi Qu
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Longying Jiang
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jun Li
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhuchu Chen
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YC); (LC)
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States of America
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (YC); (LC)
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124
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Zhang Y, Zhang D, Tian H, Jiao Y, Shi Z, Ran T, Liu H, Lu S, Xu A, Qiao X, Pan J, Yin L, Zhou W, Lu T, Chen Y. Identification of Covalent Binding Sites Targeting Cysteines Based on Computational Approaches. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:3106-18. [PMID: 27483186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Covalent drugs have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to good inhibitory activity and selectivity. Targeting noncatalytic cysteines with irreversible inhibitors is a powerful approach for enhancing pharmacological potency and selectivity because cysteines can form covalent bonds with inhibitors through their nucleophilic thiol groups. However, most human kinases have multiple noncatalytic cysteines within the active site; to accurately predict which cysteine is most likely to form covalent bonds is of great importance but remains a challenge when designing irreversible inhibitors. In this work, FTMap was first applied to check its ability in predicting covalent binding site defined as the region where covalent bonds are formed between cysteines and irreversible inhibitors. Results show that it has excellent performance in detecting the hot spots within the binding pocket, and its hydrogen bond interaction frequency analysis could give us some interesting instructions for identification of covalent binding cysteines. Furthermore, we proposed a simple but useful covalent fragment probing approach and showed that it successfully predicted the covalent binding site of seven targets. By adopting a distance-based method, we observed that the closer the nucleophiles of covalent warheads are to the thiol group of a cysteine, the higher the possibility that a cysteine is prone to form a covalent bond. We believe that the combination of FTMap and our distance-based covalent fragment probing method can become a useful tool in detecting the covalent binding site of these targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Danfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haozhong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhihao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ting Ran
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Haichun Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shuai Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Anyang Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jing Pan
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lingfeng Yin
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Weineng Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yadong Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University , 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
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125
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Criscitiello C, Esposito A, De Placido S, Curigliano G. Targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor pathway in breast cancer. Curr Opin Oncol 2016; 27:452-6. [PMID: 26397764 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this manuscript is to critically review the literature published last year focusing on the rationale and potential role of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors in breast cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Substantial evidence indicates that aberrant FGFR signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. FGFR targeting has progressed in the last years due to the development of novel agents inhibiting FGF or FGFR. One of the most investigated FGFR inhibitors is lucitanib, which has shown clinical activity in breast cancer, especially in presence of FGF aberrations. Moving forward, the design and development of FGFR4 inhibitors and covalent FGFR inhibitors may overcome resistance to first-generation FGFR inhibitors. SUMMARY Inhibition of FGFR signaling is under investigation in the treatment of breast cancer with increasing interest. Next steps will include the optimal selection of patients to be treated with this class of drugs and the development of new-generation FGFR inhibitors to face with the resistance issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Criscitiello
- aDivision of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, Milan bDipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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126
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Brown WS, Tan L, Smith A, Gray NS, Wendt MK. Covalent Targeting of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Inhibits Metastatic Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2096-106. [PMID: 27371729 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of late-stage breast cancer is limited by an inadequate understanding of how tumor cell signaling evolves during metastatic progression and by the currently available small molecule inhibitors capable of targeting these processes. Herein, we demonstrate that both β3 integrin and fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR1) are part of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program that is required to facilitate metastatic outgrowth in response to fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2). Mechanistically, β3 integrin physically disrupts an interaction between FGFR1 and E-cadherin, leading to a dramatic redistribution of FGFR1 subcellular localization, enhanced FGF2 signaling and increased three-dimensional (3D) outgrowth of metastatic breast cancer cells. This ability of β3 integrin to drive FGFR signaling requires the enzymatic activity of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Consistent with these mechanistic data, we demonstrate that FGFR, β3 integrin, and FAK constitute a molecular signature capable of predicting decreased survival of patients with the basal-like subtype of breast cancer. Importantly, covalent targeting of a conserved cysteine in the P-loop of FGFR1-4 with our newly developed small molecule, FIIN-4, more effectively blocks 3D metastatic outgrowth as compared with currently available FGFR inhibitors. In vivo application of FIIN-4 potently inhibited the growth of metastatic, patient-derived breast cancer xenografts and murine-derived metastases growing within the pulmonary microenvironment. Overall, the current studies demonstrate that FGFR1 works in concert with other EMT effector molecules to drive aberrant downstream signaling, and that these events can be effectively targeted using our novel therapeutics for the treatment of the most aggressive forms of breast cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(9); 2096-106. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wells S Brown
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew Smith
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael K Wendt
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
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127
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Katoh M. FGFR inhibitors: Effects on cancer cells, tumor microenvironment and whole-body homeostasis (Review). Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:3-15. [PMID: 27245147 PMCID: PMC4899036 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)2, FGF4, FGF7 and FGF20 are representative paracrine FGFs binding to heparan-sulfate proteoglycan and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), whereas FGF19, FGF21 and FGF23 are endocrine FGFs binding to Klotho and FGFRs. FGFR1 is relatively frequently amplified and overexpressed in breast and lung cancer, and FGFR2 in gastric cancer. BCR-FGFR1, CNTRL-FGFR1, CUX1-FGFR1, FGFR1OP-FGFR1, MYO18A-FGFR1 and ZMYM2-FGFR1 fusions in myeloproliferative neoplasms are non-receptor-type FGFR kinases, whereas FGFR1-TACC1, FGFR2-AFF3, FGFR2-BICC1, FGFR2-PPHLN1, FGFR3-BAIAP2L1 and FGFR3-TACC3 fusions in solid tumors are transmembrane-type FGFRs with C-terminal alterations. AZD4547, BGJ398 (infigratinib), Debio-1347 and dovitinib are FGFR1/2/3 inhibitors; BLU9931 is a selective FGFR4 inhibitor; FIIN-2, JNJ-42756493, LY2874455 and ponatinib are pan-FGFR inhibitors. AZD4547, dovitinib and ponatinib are multi-kinase inhibitors targeting FGFRs, colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)R2, and others. The tumor microenvironment consists of cancer cells and stromal/immune cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), endothelial cells, M2-type tumor-associating macrophages (M2-TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells. FGFR inhibitors elicit antitumor effects directly on cancer cells, as well as indirectly through the blockade of paracrine signaling. The dual inhibition of FGF and CSF1 or VEGF signaling is expected to enhance the antitumor effects through the targeting of immune evasion and angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment. Combination therapy using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (FGFR or CSF1R inhibitors) and immune checkpoint blockers (anti-PD-1 or anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies) may be a promising choice for cancer patients. The inhibition of FGF19-FGFR4 signaling is associated with a risk of liver toxicity, whereas the activation of FGF23-FGFR4 signaling is associated with a risk of heart toxicity. Endocrine FGF signaling affects the pathophysiology of cancer patients who are prescribed FGFR inhibitors. Whole-genome sequencing is necessary for the detection of promoter/enhancer alterations of FGFR genes and rare alterations of other genes causing FGFR overexpression. To sustain the health care system in an aging society, a benefit-cost analysis should be performed with a focus on disease-free survival and the total medical cost before implementing genome-based precision medicine for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Katoh
- Department of Omics Network, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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128
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Lee S, Wales TE, Escudero S, Cohen DT, Luccarelli J, Gallagher CG, Cohen NA, Huhn AJ, Bird GH, Engen JR, Walensky LD. Allosteric inhibition of antiapoptotic MCL-1. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2016; 23:600-7. [PMID: 27159560 PMCID: PMC4900187 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
MCL-1 is an antiapoptotic BCL-2 family protein that has emerged as a major pathogenic factor in human cancer. Like BCL-2, MCL-1 bears a surface groove whose function is to sequester the BH3 killer domains of proapoptotic BCL-2 family members, a mechanism harnessed by cancer cells to establish formidable apoptotic blockades. Although drugging the BH3-binding groove has been achieved for BCL-2, translating this approach to MCL-1 has been challenging. Here, we report an alternative mechanism for MCL-1 inhibition by small-molecule covalent modification of C286 at a new interaction site distant from the BH3-binding groove. Our structure-function analyses revealed that the BH3 binding capacity of MCL-1 and its suppression of BAX are impaired by molecular engagement, a phenomenon recapitulated by C286W mutagenic mimicry in vitro and in mouse cells. Thus, we characterize an allosteric mechanism for disrupting the antiapoptotic BH3 binding activity of MCL-1, informing a new strategy for disarming MCL-1 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Lee
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas E Wales
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Silvia Escudero
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel T Cohen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James Luccarelli
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catherine G Gallagher
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicole A Cohen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Annissa J Huhn
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory H Bird
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John R Engen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Loren D Walensky
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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129
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Hallinan N, Finn S, Cuffe S, Rafee S, O’Byrne K, Gately K. Targeting the fibroblast growth factor receptor family in cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2016; 46:51-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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130
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Latysheva NS, Babu MM. Discovering and understanding oncogenic gene fusions through data intensive computational approaches. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:4487-503. [PMID: 27105842 PMCID: PMC4889949 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although gene fusions have been recognized as important drivers of cancer for decades, our understanding of the prevalence and function of gene fusions has been revolutionized by the rise of next-generation sequencing, advances in bioinformatics theory and an increasing capacity for large-scale computational biology. The computational work on gene fusions has been vastly diverse, and the present state of the literature is fragmented. It will be fruitful to merge three camps of gene fusion bioinformatics that appear to rarely cross over: (i) data-intensive computational work characterizing the molecular biology of gene fusions; (ii) development research on fusion detection tools, candidate fusion prioritization algorithms and dedicated fusion databases and (iii) clinical research that seeks to either therapeutically target fusion transcripts and proteins or leverages advances in detection tools to perform large-scale surveys of gene fusion landscapes in specific cancer types. In this review, we unify these different-yet highly complementary and symbiotic-approaches with the view that increased synergy will catalyze advancements in gene fusion identification, characterization and significance evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha S Latysheva
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Ave, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - M Madan Babu
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Ave, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
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131
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Packer LM, Pollock PM. Paralog-Specific Kinase Inhibition of FGFR4: Adding to the Arsenal of Anti-FGFR Agents. Cancer Discov 2016; 5:355-7. [PMID: 25847957 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-15-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Hagel and colleagues report the design and the in vitro and in vivo activity of a novel, irreversible, paralog-specific kinase inhibitor of FGFR4, BLU9931. This compound binds covalently to a cysteine residue in the hinge region of FGFR4 but not in FGFR1-3. BLU9931 induces tumor shrinkage in hepatocellular carcinoma models that express a functioning ligand/receptor complex consisting of FGF19/FGFR4/KLB and adds to a growing list of anti-FGFR4 agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leisl M Packer
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Pamela M Pollock
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
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132
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Adeniyi AA, Muthusamy R, Soliman MES. New drug design with covalent modifiers. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:79-90. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2016.1115478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adebayo A Adeniyi
- School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Ramesh Muthusamy
- School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud ES Soliman
- School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
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133
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Visscher M, Arkin MR, Dansen TB. Covalent targeting of acquired cysteines in cancer. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2015; 30:61-67. [PMID: 26629855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The thiolate side chain of cysteine has a unique functionality that drug hunters and chemical biologists have begun to exploit. For example, targeting cysteine residues in the ATP-binding pockets of kinases with thiol-reactive molecules has afforded increased selectivity and potency to drugs like imbrutinib, which inhibits the oncogene BTK, and CO-1686 and AZD9291 that target oncogenic mutant EGFR. Recently, disulfide libraries and targeted GDP-mimetics have been used to selectively label the G12C oncogenic mutation in KRAS. We reasoned that other oncogenes contain mutations to cysteine, and thus screened the Catalog of Somatic Mutations in Cancer for frequently acquired cysteines. Here, we describe the most common mutations and discuss how these mutations could be potential targets for cysteine-directed personalized therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Visscher
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle R Arkin
- Small Molecule Discovery Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Tobias B Dansen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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134
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Repana D, Ross P. Targeting FGF19/FGFR4 Pathway: A Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Diseases 2015; 3:294-305. [PMID: 28943626 PMCID: PMC5548263 DOI: 10.3390/diseases3040294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal cancer with limited systemic therapeutic options. Liver carcinogenesis is a complex procedure and various pathways have been found to be deregulated which are potential targets for novel treatments. Aberrant signalling through FGF19 and its receptor FGFR4 seems to be the oncogenic driver for a subset of HCCs and is associated with poor prognosis. Inhibition of the pathway in preclinical models has shown antitumour activity and has triggered further evaluation of this strategy to in vivo models. This review aims to describe the role of the FGF19/FGFR4 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma and its role as a potential predictive biomarker for novel targeted agents against FGF19/FGFR4 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Repana
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, SE1 9RT London, UK.
| | - Paul Ross
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, SE1 9RT London, UK.
- Department of Oncology, King's College Hospital, SE19 1RT London, UK.
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135
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Guglielmelli P, Bisognin A, Saccoman C, Mannarelli C, Coppe A, Vannucchi AM, Bortoluzzi S. Small RNA Sequencing Uncovers New miRNAs and moRNAs Differentially Expressed in Normal and Primary Myelofibrosis CD34+ Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140445. [PMID: 26468945 PMCID: PMC4607157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are chronic myeloid cancers thought to arise at the level of CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. They include essential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). All can progress to acute leukemia, but PMF carries the worst prognosis. Increasing evidences indicate that deregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) might plays an important role in hematologic malignancies, including MPN. To attain deeper knowledge of short RNAs (sRNAs) expression pattern in CD34+ cells and of their possible role in mediating post-transcriptional regulation in PMF, we sequenced with Illumina HiSeq2000 technology CD34+ cells from healthy subjects and PMF patients. We detected the expression of 784 known miRNAs, with a prevalence of miRNA up-regulation in PMF samples, and discovered 34 new miRNAs and 99 new miRNA-offset RNAs (moRNAs), in CD34+ cells. Thirty-seven small RNAs were differentially expressed in PMF patients compared with healthy subjects, according to microRNA sequencing data. Five miRNAs (miR-10b-5p, miR-19b-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-379-5p, and miR-543) were deregulated also in PMF granulocytes. Moreover, 3’-moR-128-2 resulted consistently downregulated in PMF according to RNA-seq and qRT-PCR data both in CD34+ cells and granulocytes. Target predictions of these validated small RNAs de-regulated in PMF and functional enrichment analyses highlighted many interesting pathways involved in tumor development and progression, such as signaling by FGFR and DAP12 and Oncogene Induced Senescence. As a whole, data obtained in this study deepened the knowledge of miRNAs and moRNAs altered expression in PMF CD34+ cells and allowed to identify and validate a specific small RNA profile that distinguishes PMF granulocytes from those of normal subjects. We thus provided new information regarding the possible role of miRNAs and, specifically, of new moRNAs in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Guglielmelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Bisognin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Carmela Mannarelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Coppe
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Bortoluzzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail:
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136
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Graham RP, Garcia JJ, Greipp PT, Barr Fritcher EG, Kipp BR, Torbenson MS. FGFR1andFGFR2in fibrolamellar carcinoma. Histopathology 2015; 68:686-92. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rondell P Graham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN USA
| | - Joaquin J Garcia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN USA
| | - Patricia T Greipp
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN USA
| | | | - Benjamin R Kipp
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN USA
| | - Michael S Torbenson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN USA
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137
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Hierro C, Rodon J, Tabernero J. Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Receptor/FGF Inhibitors: Novel Targets and Strategies for Optimization of Response of Solid Tumors. Semin Oncol 2015; 42:801-19. [PMID: 26615127 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2015.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathway plays a major role in several biological processes, from organogenesis to metabolism homeostasis and angiogenesis. Several aberrations, including gene amplifications, point mutations, and chromosomal translocations have been described across solid tumors. Most of these molecular alterations promote multiple steps of carcinogenesis in FGFR oncogene-addicted cells, increasing cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. Data suggest that upregulation of FGFR signaling is a common event in many cancer types. The FGFR pathway thus arises as a potential promising target for cancer treatment. Several FGFR inhibitors are currently under development. Initial preclinical results have translated into limited successful clinical responses when first-generation, nonspecific FGFR inhibitors were evaluated in patients. The future development of selective and unselective FGFR inhibitors will rely on a better understanding of the tissue-specific role of FGFR signaling and identification of biomarkers to select those patients who will benefit the most from these drugs. Further studies are warranted to establish the predictive significance of the different FGFR-aberrations and to incorporate them into clinical algorithms, now that second-generation, selective FGFR inhibitors exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinta Hierro
- Molecular Therapeutics Research Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Rodon
- Molecular Therapeutics Research Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Tabernero
- Molecular Therapeutics Research Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain.
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138
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Sohl CD, Ryan MR, Luo B, Frey KM, Anderson KS. Illuminating the molecular mechanisms of tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance for the FGFR1 gatekeeper mutation: the Achilles' heel of targeted therapy. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:1319-29. [PMID: 25686244 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) 1-4 are a family of receptor tyrosine kinases that can serve as drivers of tumorigenesis. In particular, FGFR1 gene amplification has been implicated in squamous cell lung and breast cancers. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting FGFR1, including AZD4547 and E3810 (Lucitanib), are currently in early phase clinical trials. Unfortunately, drug resistance limits the long-term success of TKIs, with mutations at the "gatekeeper" residue leading to tumor progression. Here we show the first structural and kinetic characterization of the FGFR1 gatekeeper mutation, V561M FGFR1. The V561M mutation confers a 38-fold increase in autophosphorylation achieved at least in part by a network of interacting residues forming a hydrophobic spine to stabilize the active conformation. Moreover, kinetic assays established that the V561M mutation confers significant resistance to E3810, while retaining affinity for AZD4547. Structural analyses of these TKIs with wild type (WT) and gatekeeper mutant forms of FGFR1 offer clues to developing inhibitors that maintain potency against gatekeeper mutations. We show that AZD4547 affinity is preserved by V561M FGFR1 due to a flexible linker that allows multiple inhibitor binding modes. This is the first example of a TKI binding in distinct conformations to WT and gatekeeper mutant forms of FGFR, highlighting adaptable regions in both the inhibitor and binding pocket crucial for drug design. Exploiting inhibitor flexibility to overcome drug resistance has been a successful strategy for combatting diseases such as AIDS and may be an important approach for designing inhibitors effective against kinase gatekeeper mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christal D. Sohl
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Molly R. Ryan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - BeiBei Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Kathleen M. Frey
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Karen S. Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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139
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Tiseo M, Gelsomino F, Alfieri R, Cavazzoni A, Bozzetti C, De Giorgi AM, Petronini PG, Ardizzoni A. FGFR as potential target in the treatment of squamous non small cell lung cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2015; 41:527-39. [PMID: 25959741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To date therapeutic options for squamous cell lung cancer patients remain scarce because no druggable targets have been identified so far. Aberrant signaling by FGFs (fibroblast growth factors) and FGFRs (fibroblast growth factors receptors) has been implicated in several human cancers and, particularly, in squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). FGFR gene amplifications, somatic missense mutations, chromosomal translocations are the most frequent mechanisms able to induce aberrant activation of this pathway. Data from literature have established that the presence of an aberrant FGFR signaling has to be considered a possible negative prognostic factor but predictive of potential sensitivity to FGFR inhibitors. In the last years, clinical research efforts allowed to identify and evaluate promising FGFR inhibitors, such as monoclonal antibodies, ligand traps, non-selective or selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This review summarizes the current knowledge about FGFR alterations in NSCLC and the relative inhibitors in development, in particular in squamous NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Tiseo
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | | | - Roberta Alfieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavazzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Cecilia Bozzetti
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Division of Medical Oncology, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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140
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Katoh M. Functional proteomics of the epigenetic regulators ASXL1, ASXL2 and ASXL3: a convergence of proteomics and epigenetics for translational medicine. Expert Rev Proteomics 2015; 12:317-28. [PMID: 25835095 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2015.1033409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
ASXL1, ASXL2 and ASXL3 are epigenetic scaffolds for BAP1, EZH2, NCOA1, nuclear receptors and WTIP. Here, functional proteomics of the ASXL family members are reviewed with emphasis on mutation spectra, the ASXM2 domain and the plant homeodomain (PHD) finger. Copy number gains of ASXL1 occur in chromosome 20q11.2 duplication syndrome and cervical cancer. Truncation mutations of ASXLs occur in autism, Bohring-Opitz and related syndromes, hematological malignancies and solid tumors, such as prostate cancer, breast cancer and high-grade glioma, which are gain- or loss-of-function mutations. The ASXM2 domain is a binding module for androgen receptor and estrogen receptor α, while the PHD finger is a ligand of WTIP LIM domains and a putative chromatin-binding module. Phylogenetic analyses of 139 human PHD fingers revealed that ASXL PHD fingers cluster with those of BPTF, DIDO, ING1, KDM5A (JARID1A), KMT2E (MLL5), PHF2, PHF8 and PHF23. The cell context-dependent epigenetic code of ASXLs should be deciphered to develop therapeutics for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Katoh
- Department of Omics Network, National Cancer Center - Japan, 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo Ward, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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141
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Bunney TD, Wan S, Thiyagarajan N, Sutto L, Williams SV, Ashford P, Koss H, Knowles MA, Gervasio FL, Coveney PV, Katan M. The Effect of Mutations on Drug Sensitivity and Kinase Activity of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:194-204. [PMID: 26097890 PMCID: PMC4471147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are recognized therapeutic targets in cancer. We here describe insights underpinning the impact of mutations on FGFR1 and FGFR3 kinase activity and drug efficacy, using a combination of computational calculations and experimental approaches including cellular studies, X-ray crystallography and biophysical and biochemical measurements. Our findings reveal that some of the tested compounds, in particular TKI258, could provide therapeutic opportunity not only for patients with primary alterations in FGFR but also for acquired resistance due to the gatekeeper mutation. The accuracy of the computational methodologies applied here shows a potential for their wider application in studies of drug binding and in assessments of functional and mechanistic impacts of mutations, thus assisting efforts in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom D. Bunney
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Shunzhou Wan
- Centre for Computational Science, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St., London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Nethaji Thiyagarajan
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ludovico Sutto
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sarah V. Williams
- Section of Experimental Oncology, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Paul Ashford
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Hans Koss
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Division of Molecular Structure, MRC-National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Margaret A. Knowles
- Section of Experimental Oncology, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Francesco L. Gervasio
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Peter V. Coveney
- Centre for Computational Science, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St., London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Matilda Katan
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK
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