101
|
Cantera JJL, Kawasaki H, Seki T. Evolutionary relationship of phototrophic bacteria in the alpha-Proteobacteria based on farnesyl diphosphate synthase. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2002; 148:1923-1929. [PMID: 12055311 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-148-6-1923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Partial sequences of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) synthase genes derived from the Rhodobacter-Rhodovulum group and from the Rhodopseudomonas palustris-Bradyrhizobium japonicum group of the alpha-Proteobacteria were subjected to phylogenetic analysis to investigate the relationships of phototrophic and non-phototrophic bacteria in the alpha-Proteobacteria . The four Rhodovulum species formed a monophyletic group within the Rhodobacter cluster, and Agrobacterium ferrugineum IAM 12616(T) intermingled with the Rhodobacter species. This topology is in good agreement with the 16S rRNA phylogeny, although the FPP synthase gene was more divergent than the 16S rRNA. On the other hand, strains of the phototrophic Rps. palustris formed a cluster far from that of the non-phototrophic Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains. Moreover, Rps. palustris strains were differentiated from the nodule-forming B. japonicum, Mezorhizobium loti MAFF 303099 and Sinorhizobium sp. NGR 234 in the FPP synthase phylogeny. This relationship does not agree with the 16S rRNA phylogeny, wherein Rps. palustris was more closely related to B. japonicum than to strains of the Rhodobacter-Rhodovulum group. These results suggest that the FPP synthase gene of Rps. palustris diverged from that of B. japonicum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Jason L Cantera
- The International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan1
| | - Hiroko Kawasaki
- The International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan1
| | - Tatsuji Seki
- The International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan1
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Masferrer A, Arró M, Manzano D, Schaller H, Fernández-Busquets X, Moncaleán P, Fernández B, Cunillera N, Boronat A, Ferrer A. Overexpression of Arabidopsis thaliana farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPS1S) in transgenic Arabidopsis induces a cell death/senescence-like response and reduced cytokinin levels. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2002; 30:123-132. [PMID: 12000449 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2002.01273.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the contribution of farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPS) to the overall control of the mevalonic acid pathway in plants, we have generated transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing the Arabidopsis FPS1S isoform. Despite high levels of FPS activity in transgenic plants (8- to 12-fold as compared to wild-type plants), the content of sterols and the levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity in leaves were similar to those in control plants. Plants overexpressing FPS1S showed a cell death/senescence-like phenotype and grew less vigorously than wild-type plants. The onset and the severity of these phenotypes directly correlated with the levels of FPS activity. In leaves of plants with increased FPS activity, the expression of the senescence activated gene SAG12 was prematurely induced. Transgenic plants grown in the presence of either mevalonic acid (MVA) or the cytokinin 2-isopentenyladenine (2-iP) recovered the wild-type phenotype. Quantification of endogenous cytokinins demonstrated that FPS1S overexpression specifically reduces the levels of endogenous zeatin-type cytokinins in leaves. Altogether these results support the notion that increasing FPS activity without a concomitant increase of MVA production leads to a reduction of IPP and DMAPP available for cytokinin biosynthesis. The reduced cytokinin levels would be, at least in part, responsible for the phenotypic alterations observed in the transgenic plants. The finding that wild-type and transgenic plants accumulated similar increased amounts of sterols when grown in the presence of exogenous MVA suggests that FPS1S is not limiting for sterol biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Masferrer
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda, Diagonal 643, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
103
|
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Benveniste
- Institut de Biologie Moleculaire des Plantes, Departement Biogénèse et Fonctions des Isoprénoides, UPR-CNRS 2357, 28 rue Goethe, 67083-Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Tholl D, Croteau R, Gershenzon J. Partial Purification and Characterization of the Short-Chain Prenyltransferases, Geranyl Diphosphate Synthase and Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase, from Abies grandis (Grand Fir). Arch Biochem Biophys 2001; 386:233-42. [PMID: 11368347 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.2000.2212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the conifer Abies grandis (grand fir), a secreted oleoresin rich in mono-, sesqui-, and diterpenes serves as a constitutive and induced defense against insects and pathogenic fungi. Geranyl diphosphate (GPP) and farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) synthase, two enzymes which form the principal precursors of the oleoresin mono- and sesquiterpenes, were isolated from the stems of 2-year-old grand fir saplings. These enzymes were partially purified by sequential chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose, Mono-Q, and phenyl-Sepharose to remove competing phosphohydrolase and isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) isomerase activities. GPP and FPP synthase formed GPP and E,E-FPP, respectively, as the sole products of the enzymatic condensation of IPP and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). The properties of both enzymes are broadly similar to those of other prenyltransferases. The apparent native molecular masses are 54 +/- 3 kDa for GPP synthase and 110 +/- 6 kDa fo
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Tholl
- Max-Planck Institute of Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
105
|
Metzler DE, Metzler CM, Sauke DJ. Polyprenyl (Isoprenoid) Compounds. Biochemistry 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-012492543-4/50025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
106
|
Gaffe J, Bru JP, Causse M, Vidal A, Stamitti-Bert L, Carde JP, Gallusci P. LEFPS1, a tomato farnesyl pyrophosphate gene highly expressed during early fruit development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2000; 123:1351-1362. [PMID: 10938353 PMCID: PMC59093 DOI: 10.1104/pp.123.4.1351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 04/20/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPS) catalyzes the synthesis of farnesyl pyrophosphate, a key intermediate in sterol and sesquiterpene biosynthesis. Using a polymerase chain reaction-based approach, we have characterized LeFPS1, a tomato (Lycoperscion esculentum cv Wva 106) fruit cDNA, which encodes a functional FPS. We demonstrate that tomato FPSs are encoded by a small multigenic family with genes located on chromosomes 10 and 12. Consistent with farnesyl pyrophosphate requirement in sterol biosynthesis, FPS genes are ubiquitously expressed in tomato plants. Using an LeFPS1 specific probe, we show that the corresponding gene can account for most of FPS mRNA in most plant organs, but not during young seedling development, indicating a differential regulation of FPS genes in tomato. FPS gene expression is also under strict developmental control: FPS mRNA was mainly abundant in young organs and decreased as organs matured with the exception of fruits that presented a biphasic accumulation pattern. In this latter case in situ hybridization studies have shown that FPS mRNA is similarly abundant in all tissues of young fruit. Taken together our results suggest that several FPS isoforms are involved in tomato farnesyl pyrophosphate metabolism and that FPS genes are mostly expressed in relation to cell division and enlargement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Gaffe
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire du Dévelopement des Plantes, Université de Bordeaux 1, Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
107
|
Cunillera N, Arró M, Forés O, Manzano D, Ferrer A. Characterization of dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase of Arabidopsis thaliana, a key enzyme in dolichol biosynthesis. FEBS Lett 2000; 477:170-4. [PMID: 10908715 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(00)01798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme dehydrodolichyl diphosphate (dedol-PP) synthase is a cis-prenyltransferase that catalyzes the synthesis of dedol-PP, the long-chain polyprenyl diphosphate used as a precursor for the synthesis of dolichyl phosphate. Here we report the cloning and characterization of a cDNA from Arabidopsis thaliana encoding dedol-PP synthase. The identity of the cloned enzyme was confirmed by functional complementation of a yeast mutant strain defective in dedol-PP synthase activity together with the detection of high levels of dedol-PP synthase activity in the transformed yeast mutant. The A. thaliana dedol-PP synthase mRNA was detected at high levels in roots but was hardly detected in flowers, leaves, stems and in A. thaliana suspension-cultured cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Cunillera
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
108
|
Koyama T, Gotoh Y, Nishino T. Intersubunit location of the active site of farnesyl diphosphate synthase: reconstruction of active enzymes by hybrid-type heteromeric dimers of site-directed mutants. Biochemistry 2000; 39:463-9. [PMID: 10631008 DOI: 10.1021/bi991621b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Farnesyl diphosphate synthase is a homodimer of subunits having typically two aspartate-rich motifs with two sets of substrate binding sites for an allylic diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate per molecule of a homodimeric enzyme. To determine whether each subunit contains an independent active site or whether the active sites are created by intersubunit interaction, we constructed several expression plasmids that overproduce hybrid-type heterodimers of Bacillus stearothermophilus FPP synthases constituting different types of mutated monomers, which exhibit little catalytic activity as homodimers, by combining two tandem fps genes for the manipulated monomer subunit with a highly efficient promoter trc within an overexpression pTrc99A plasmid. A heterodimer of a combination of subunits of the wild type and of R98E, a mutant subunit which exhibits little enzymatic activity as a dimer form (R98E)(2), exhibited 78% of the activity of the wild-type homodimer enzyme, (WT)(2). Moreover, when a hybrid-type heterodimeric dimer of FPP synthase mutant subunits (R98E/F220A) was prepared, the FPP synthase activity was 18- and 390-fold of that of each of the almost inactive mutants as a dimeric enzymes, (R98E)(2) and (F220A)(2) [Koyama, T., et al. (1995) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 212, 681-686], respectively. These results suggest that the subunits of the FPP synthase interact with each other to form a shared active site in the homodimer structure rather than an independent active site in each subunit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Koyama
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Science, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
109
|
Biochemical, Molecular Genetic and Evolutionary Aspects of Defense-Related Terpenoid Metabolism in Conifers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0079-9920(00)80006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
|
110
|
Liu CJ, Heinstein P, Chen XY. Expression pattern of genes encoding farnesyl diphosphate synthase and sesquiterpene cyclase in cotton suspension-cultured cells treated with fungal elicitors. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 1999; 12:1095-1104. [PMID: 10624017 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi.1999.12.12.1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cotton plants accumulate sesquiterpene aldehydes in pigment glands. The two enzymes farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPS) and (+)-delta-cadinene synthase (CAD), a sesquiterpene cyclase, are involved in the biosynthesis of these secondary metabolites. A full-length cDNA (garfps) encoding FPS was isolated from Gossypium arboreum and identified by in vitro enzymatic assay of the garfps protein heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. Treatment of G. arboreum suspension-cultured cells with an elicitor preparation obtained from the phytopathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae dramatically induced transcription of both FPS and CAD, paralleling the accumulation of the sesquiterpene aldehydes in these cells. For G. australe, a wild species from Australia, the V. dahliae elicitor preparation also caused an induction of FPS but only a low rate of induction of CAD, apparently because of a constitutive expression of the sesquiterpene cyclase gene in suspension-cultured cells. Two transcripts and proteins of FPS were detected in the elicited G. australe cells; the smaller FPS seemed to be de novo synthesized after elicitation. Furthermore, G. australe-cultured cells accumulated the cadinene, instead of sesquiterpene aldehydes, indicating that the biosynthetic pathway leading to sesquiterpene aldehydes was absent or blocked after FPP cyclization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Liu
- National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
111
|
Lozoya-Gloria E. Biochemical and molecular tools for the production of useful terpene products from pepper (Capsicum annuum). ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1999; 464:63-76. [PMID: 10335386 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4729-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Among other natural products such as colorants and flavorants, natural fungicides like the pepper phytoalexin capsidiol, and the related biochemical pathways, may be used for practical approaches. Key enzymes such as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A: reductase, the farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase and and farnesyl pyrophosphate cyclases are known and some related genes have been isolated. However, specific enzymes for important and final modifications as methylation and others, are still to be studied. Construction of chimeric enzymes allowed already the synthesis of different products and the possibilities of designing new enzymes by gene manipulation to produce unknown and useful chemicals are open.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Lozoya-Gloria
- Genetic Engineering Department, CINVESTAV-IPN/Irapuato Unit, Irapuato, Gto., México
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Xu XP, Meisel SR, Ong JM, Kaul S, Cercek B, Rajavashisth TB, Sharifi B, Shah PK. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein regulates matrix metalloproteinase-9 and its tissue inhibitor in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Circulation 1999; 99:993-8. [PMID: 10051290 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.99.8.993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages in human atherosclerotic plaques produce a family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which may influence vascular remodeling and plaque disruption. Because oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) is implicated in many proatherogenic events, we hypothesized that ox-LDL would regulate expression of MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in monocyte-derived macrophages. MWRHOSA AND RESULTS: Mononuclear cells were isolated from normal human subjects with Ficoll-Paque density gradient centrifugation, and adherent cells were allowed to differentiate into macrophages during 7 days of culture in plastic dishes. On day 7, by use of serum-free medium, the macrophages were incubated with various concentrations of native LDL (n-LDL) and copper-oxidized LDL. Exposure to ox-LDL (10 to 50 microg/mL) increased MMP-9 mRNA expression as analyzed by Northern blot, protein expression as measured by ELISA and Western blot, and gelatinolytic activity as determined by zymography. The increase in MMP-9 expression was associated with increased nuclear binding of transcription factor NF-kappaB and AP-1 complex on electromobility shift assay. In contrast, ox-LDL (10 to 50 microg/mL) decreased TIMP-1 expression. Ox-LDL-induced increase in MMP-9 expression was abrogated by HDL (100 microg/mL). n-LDL had no significant effect on MMP-9 or TIMP-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that unlike n-LDL, ox-LDL upregulates MMP-9 expression while reducing TIMP-1 expression in monocyte-derived macrophages. Furthermore, HDL abrogates ox-LDL-induced MMP-9 expression. Thus, ox-LDL may contribute to macrophage-mediated matrix breakdown in the atherosclerotic plaques, thereby predisposing them to plaque disruption and/or vascular remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X P Xu
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Division of Cardiology, and the Burns and Allen Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
113
|
|
114
|
|
115
|
Affiliation(s)
- Kyozo Ogura
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Science, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
116
|
|
117
|
Kribii R, Arró M, Del Arco A, González V, Balcells L, Delourme D, Ferrer A, Karst F, Boronat A. Cloning and characterization of the Arabidopsis thaliana SQS1 gene encoding squalene synthase--involvement of the C-terminal region of the enzyme in the channeling of squalene through the sterol pathway. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1997; 249:61-9. [PMID: 9363754 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.00061.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Squalene synthase (SQS) catalyzes the first committed step of the sterol biosynthetic pathway. A full-length Arabidopsis thaliana SQS cDNA has been isolated by combining library screening and PCR-based approaches. Arabidopsis SQS is encoded by a small gene family of two genes (SQS1 and SQS2) which are organized in a tandem array. SQS1 and SQS2 have an identical organization with regard to intron positions and exon sizes and encode SQS isoforms showing a high level of sequence conservation (79% identity and 88% similarity). The isolated cDNA has been assigned to the SQS1 gene product, SQS1. RNA blot analysis has shown that the 1.6-kb SQS1 mRNA is detected in all plant tissues analyzed (inflorescenses, leaves, stems and roots) although the transcript is especially abundant in roots. Arabidopsis SQS1 isoform is unable to complement the SQS-defective Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 5302, although SQS activity was detected in the microsomal fraction of the transformed yeast strain. However, a chimeric SQS resulting from the replacement of the 66 C-terminal residues of the Arabidopsis enzyme by the 111 C-terminal residues of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe enzyme was able to confer ergosterol prototrophy to strain 5302. Labeling studies using [3H]farnesyl-P2 and microsomal fractions obtained from yeast strains expressing either Arabidopsis SQS1 or chimeric Arabidopsis/S. pombe SQS derivatives indicated that the C-terminal region of the enzyme is involved in the channeling of squalene through the yeast sterol pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Kribii
- Laboratoire de Génétique Physiologique et Moléculaire, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et d'Ingénierie Génétique, Université de Poitiers, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
118
|
Bach TJ, Benveniste P. Cloning of cDNAs or genes encoding enzymes of sterol biosynthesis from plants and other eukaryotes: heterologous expression and complementation analysis of mutations for functional characterization. Prog Lipid Res 1997; 36:197-226. [PMID: 9624427 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7827(97)00009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T J Bach
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (C.N.R.S., UPR 0406), Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
119
|
Cunillera N, Boronat A, Ferrer A. The Arabidopsis thaliana FPS1 gene generates a novel mRNA that encodes a mitochondrial farnesyl-diphosphate synthase isoform. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:15381-8. [PMID: 9182568 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.24.15381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The enzyme farnesyl-diphosphate synthase (FPS; EC 2.5.1.1./EC 2.5.1. 10) catalyzes the synthesis of farnesyl diphosphate from isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate. FPS is considered to play a key role in isoprenoid biosynthesis. We have reported previously that Arabidopsis thaliana contains two differentially expressed genes, FPS1 and FPS2, encoding two highly similar FPS isoforms, FPS1 and FPS2, (Cunillera, N., Arró, M., Delourme, D., Karst, F., Boronat, A., and Ferrer, A. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 7774-7780). In this paper we report the characterization of a novel Arabidopsis FPS mRNA (FPS1L mRNA) derived from the FPS1 gene. A cDNA corresponding to the FPS1L mRNA was cloned using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction strategy. Northern blot analysis showed that the two FPS1-derived mRNAs are differentially expressed. The FPS1L mRNA accumulates preferentially in inflorescences, whereas the previously reported FPS1 mRNA (FPS1S mRNA) is predominantly expressed in roots and inflorescences. FPS1L mRNA contains an in-frame AUG start codon located 123 nucleotides upstream of the AUG codon used in the translation of the FPS1S isoform. Translation of the FPS1L mRNA from the upstream AUG codon generates a novel FPS1 isoform (FPS1L) with an NH2-terminal extension of 41 amino acid residues, which has all the characteristics of a mitochondrial transit peptide. The functionality of the FPS1L NH2-terminal extension as a mitochondrial transit peptide was demonstrated by its ability to direct a passenger protein to yeast mitochondria in vivo and by in vitro import experiments using purified plant mitochondria. The Arabidopsis FPS1L isoform is the first FPS reported to contain a mitochondrial transit peptide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Cunillera
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
120
|
Sanmiya K, Iwasaki T, Matsuoka M, Miyao M, Yamamoto N. Cloning of a cDNA that encodes farnesyl diphosphate synthase and the blue-light-induced expression of the corresponding gene in the leaves of rice plants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1997; 1350:240-6. [PMID: 9061016 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(96)00231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA encoding farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS), a key enzyme in isoprenoid biosynthesis, was isolated from a cDNA library constructed from mRNA that had been prepared from etiolated rice (Oriza sativa L. variety Nipponbare) seedlings after three hours of illumination by a subtraction method. The putative polypeptide deduced from the 1289 bp nucleotide sequence consisted of 353 amino acids and had a molecular mass of 40 676 Da. The predicted amino acid sequence exhibited high homology to those of FPPS from Arabidopsis (73% to type 1, 72% to type 2) and white lupin (74%). Southern blot analysis showed that the rice genome might contain only one gene for FPPS. The highest level of expression of the gene was demonstrated in leaves by RNA blot analysis. Moreover, light, in particular blue light, effectively enhanced expression of the gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Sanmiya
- BioScience Center, Nagoya University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|