101
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Fermentation of commercial soy beverages with lactobacilli and bifidobacteria strains featuring high β-glucosidase activity. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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102
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Wu XM, Tan RX. Interaction between gut microbiota and ethnomedicine constituents. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:788-809. [DOI: 10.1039/c8np00041g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This highlight reviews the interaction processes between gut microbiota and ethnomedicine constituents, which may conceptualize future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ming Wu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Ren Xiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
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103
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Possible role of phytoestrogens in breast cancer via GPER-1/GPR30 signaling. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:2583-2598. [PMID: 30545896 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens generated within endocrine organs and the reproductive system act as ligands for at least three types of estrogen receptors. Estrogen receptors α (ERα) and β (ERβ) belong to the so-called classical family of estrogen receptors, whereas the G protein-coupled receptor GPR30, also known as GPER-1, has been described as a novel estrogen receptor sited in the cell membrane of target cells. Furthermore, these receptors are under stimulation of a family of exogenous estrogens, known as phytoestrogens, which are a diverse group of non-steroidal plant compounds derived from plant food consumed by humans and animals. Because phytoestrogens are omnipresent in our daily diet, they are becoming increasingly important in both human health and disease. Recent evidence indicates that in addition to classical estrogen receptors, phytoestrogens also activate GPER-1 a relevant observation since GPER-1 is involved in several physiopathological disorders and especially in estrogen-dependent diseases such as breast cancer.The first estrogen receptors discovered were the classical ERα and ERβ, but from an evolutionary point of view G protein-coupled receptors trace their origins in history to over a billion years ago suggesting that estrogen receptors like GPER-1 may have been the targets of choice for ancient phytoestrogens and/or estrogens.This review provides a comprehensive and systematic literature search on phytoestrogens and its relationship with classical estrogen receptors and GPER-1 including its role in breast cancer, an issue still under discussion.
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104
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Sivoňová MK, Kaplán P, Tatarková Z, Lichardusová L, Dušenka R, Jurečeková J. Androgen receptor and soy isoflavones in prostate cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2018; 10:191-204. [PMID: 30680195 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2018.1792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens and androgen receptor (AR) play a critical role not only in normal prostate development, but also in prostate cancer. For that reason, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the primary treatment for prostate cancer. However, the majority of patients develop castration-resistant prostate cancer, which eventually leads to mortality. Novel therapeutic approaches, including dietary changes, have been explored. Soy isoflavones have become a focus of interest because of their positive health benefits on numerous diseases, particularly hormone-related cancers, including prostate and breast cancers. An important strategy for the prevention and/or treatment of prostate cancer might thus be the action of soy isoflavones on the AR signaling pathway. The current review article provides a detailed overview of the anticancer potential of soy isoflavones (genistein, daidzein and glycitein), as mediated by their effect on AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kmetová Sivoňová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kaplán
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.,Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Tatarková
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Lichardusová
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Róbert Dušenka
- Department of Urology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and UHM in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jana Jurečeková
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
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105
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Stevens JF, Revel JS, Maier CS. Mitochondria-Centric Review of Polyphenol Bioactivity in Cancer Models. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1589-1611. [PMID: 29084444 PMCID: PMC6207154 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Humans are exposed daily to polyphenols in milligram-to-gram amounts through dietary consumption of fruits and vegetables. Polyphenols are also available as components of dietary supplements for improving general health. Although polyphenols are often advertised as antioxidants to explain health benefits, experimental evidence shows that their beneficial cancer preventing and controlling properties are more likely due to stimulation of pro-oxidant and proapoptotic pathways. Recent Advances: The understanding of the biological differences between cancer and normal cell, and especially the role that mitochondria play in carcinogenesis, has greatly advanced in recent years. These advances have resulted in a wealth of new information on polyphenol bioactivity in cell culture and animal models of cancer. Polyphenols appear to target oxidative phosphorylation and regulation of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), glycolysis, pro-oxidant pathways, and antioxidant (adaptive) stress responses with greater selectivity in tumorigenic cells. CRITICAL ISSUES The ability of polyphenols to dissipate the MMP (Δψm) by a protonophore mechanism has been known for more than 50 years. However, researchers focus primarily on the downstream molecular effects of Δψm dissipation and mitochondrial uncoupling. We argue that the physicochemical properties of polyphenols are responsible for their anticancer properties by virtue of their protonophoric and pro-oxidant properties rather than their specific effects on downstream molecular targets. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Polyphenol-induced dissipation of Δψm is a physicochemical process that cancer cells cannot develop resistance against by gene mutation. Therefore, polyphenols should receive more attention as agents for cotherapy with cancer drugs to gain synergistic activity. Antioxid. Redox Signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan F. Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Johana S. Revel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
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106
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Abstract
The microflora of the digestive tract is composed of a unique set of bacteria, yeasts, viruses and other microorganisms, generally known as the microbiome. The microbiome exhibits considerable inter-individual variability, with up to two-thirds of the microflora differing between individuals. Because of this, the variable intestinal microflora is responsible for many differences in metabolic, hormonal and immunological processes in humans and animals. Significant differences have been observed in the metabolism of phytoestrogens, naturally occurring substances that possess estrogenic or anti-estrogenic activity. These substances occur predominately in legumes, especially in soy and many soy products. Because of their effects, phytoestrogens are used as an alternative therapy for menopausal disorders and benign prostate hyperplasia. In connection with the worldwide expansion of soy products as part of healthy lifestyles including vegetarianism and veganism, phytoestrogens have become a regular part of everyday life. The activity of phytoestrogens is strongly dependent on the microbiome. Their metabolites have stronger estrogenic activity than the natural substances themselves, and because of the variability in microbiomes, there are large differences in the effects of phytoestrogens among individuals.
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107
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Peirotén Á, Gaya P, Álvarez I, Bravo D, Landete JM. Influence of different lignan compounds on enterolignan production by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 289:17-23. [PMID: 30193121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Enterolignans, i.e. enterodiol and enterolactone, are polyphenols derived from the microbial metabolism of dietary lignans. They are considered phytoestrogens because of their estrogenic/antiestrogenic activity, which confers them benefits to human health when they reach sufficient levels in plasma. Hence, there is a great interest in studying the bacteria involved in enterolignan production. In the present study, three bifidobacterial strains (Bifidobacterium bifidum INIA P466, Bifidobacterium catenulatum INIA P732 and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum INIA P2) were found capable of producing low levels of enterodiol (2-11 μM) from lignan extracts; while another one (Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum INIA P946) was found to produce an important increment of the lignan secoisolariciresinol (SECO). Subsequently, the three enterodiol-producing bifidobacteria and another three Lactobacillus strains previously identified as enterolignans producers (Lactobacillus gasseri INIA P508, Lactobacillus salivarius INIA P448 and Lb. salivarius INIA P183), were tested on pure lignans yielding both enterodiol and enterolactone from secoisolariciresinol (SECO), while they did not metabolised the other lignan tested (i.e. matairesinol). B. catenulatum INIA P732 and Lb. gasseri INIA P508 were the strains that transformed the greatest percentage of SECO, yielding enterolactone concentrations above 2 mM. In addition, the formation of the intermediate compound dihydroxyenterodiol was observed as part of SECO transformation by all the strains. In this work, we have demonstrated for the first time how strains of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are capable of carrying out the complete enterolignan metabolism, transforming a purified lignan (SECO) into enterodiol and enterolactone. The isolation and characterization of bacteria able to metabolize lignans and produce enterolignans, especially belonging to Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus genera, is of biotechnological interest, because of their potential application in functional foods and as probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Peirotén
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Gaya
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Álvarez
- Unidad de Servicio de Técnicas Analíticas, Instrumentales y Microbiología (USTA), Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Bravo
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Mª Landete
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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108
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Wang D, Özen C, Abu-Reidah IM, Chigurupati S, Patra JK, Horbanczuk JO, Jóźwik A, Tzvetkov NT, Uhrin P, Atanasov AG. Vasculoprotective Effects of Pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.). Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:544. [PMID: 29881352 PMCID: PMC5977444 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), one of the oldest known edible fruits, is nowadays broadly consumed throughout the world. Its fruits and seeds as well as other anatomical compartments (e.g., flowers and leaves) are rich in numerous bioactive compounds and therefore, the scientific interest in this plant has been constantly growing in recent years. It has been shown that pomegranate and its extracts exhibit potent antioxidative, antimicrobial, and anticarcinogenic properties. The present review summarizes some recent studies on pomegranate, highlighting mainly its vasculoprotective role attributed to the presence of hydrolyzable tannins ellagitannins and ellagic acid, as well as other compounds (e.g., anthocyanins and flavonoids). These in vitro and in vivo studies showed that substances derived from pomegranate reduce oxidative stress and platelet aggregation, diminish lipid uptake by macrophages, positively influence endothelial cell function, and are involved in blood pressure regulation. Clinical studies demonstrated that daily intake of pomegranate juice lessens hypertension and attenuates atherosclerosis in humans. Altogether, the reviewed studies point out the potential benefits of a broader use of pomegranate and its constituents as dietary supplements or as adjuvants in therapy of vascular diseases, such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, and peripheral artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cigdem Özen
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Health Campus Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim M Abu-Reidah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jarosław O Horbanczuk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Artur Jóźwik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Molecular Design and Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Pavel Uhrin
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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109
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Shivappa N, Wirth MD, Murphy EA, Hurley TG, Hébert JR. Association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and urinary enterolignans and C-reactive protein from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-2003-2008. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:797-805. [PMID: 29675557 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1690-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterolignans are important biomarkers of microbiota diversity, with higher levels indicating greater diversity. Diet and inflammation have been shown to play a role in maintaining microbiota diversity. This study examined whether inflammatory potential of diet, as measured by the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) has an impact on levels of urinary enterolignans in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2008. We also carried out construct validation of the DII with C-reactive protein (CRP). METHODS Data came from NHANES 2003-2008. Enterolignans [enterodiol (END) and enterolactone (ENL)] and CRP were assayed from urine and serum specimens, respectively. Energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) scores were calculated from food intakes assessed using 24-h dietary recalls and expressed per 1000 calories consumed. Associations were examined using survey-based multivariable linear and logistic regression for enterolignans, and logistic regression for CRP. RESULTS After multivariable adjustment, higher E-DII scores (i.e., indicating a relatively more pro-inflammatory diet) were associated with lower levels of creatinine-normalized END [beta coefficient (b)DIIquartile4vs1 = - 1.22; 95% CI = - 0.69, - 1.74; Ptrend ≤ 0.001] and ENL (bDIIquartile4vs1 = - 7.80; 95% CI = - 5.33, - 10.26; Ptrend ≤ 0.001). A positive association was also observed when enterolignans were dichotomized based on the cut-off of the 75th percentile value. In this same sample, the E-DII also was associated with CRP ≥ 3 mg/l (ORDIIcontinuous = 1.12; 95% CI 1.05, 1.19). CONCLUSION In these NHANES data, there was an association between E-DII score and enterolignans. This study also provided construct validation of the E-DII using CRP in a nationally representative sample. The results indicate that dietary inflammatory potential is associated with urinary enterolignans, a potential marker for microbiota diversity. However, studies are required to understand the direct association between DII and microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Room 233, Suite 200, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Suite 200, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA. .,College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Suite 200, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| | - Michael D Wirth
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Room 233, Suite 200, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Suite 200, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Suite 200, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Connecting Health Innovations, LLC, 1417 Gregg Street, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
| | - E Angela Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Thomas G Hurley
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Room 233, Suite 200, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Suite 200, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - James R Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Room 233, Suite 200, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Suite 200, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Connecting Health Innovations, LLC, 1417 Gregg Street, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
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110
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Isolation of the (+)-Pinoresinol-Mineralizing Pseudomonas sp. Strain SG-MS2 and Elucidation of Its Catabolic Pathway. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.02531-17. [PMID: 29222099 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02531-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pinoresinol is a dimer of two β-β'-linked coniferyl alcohol molecules. It is both a plant defense molecule synthesized through the shikimic acid pathway and a representative of several β-β-linked dimers produced during the microbial degradation of lignin in dead plant material. Until now, little has been known about the bacterial catabolism of such dimers. Here we report the isolation of the efficient (+)-pinoresinol-mineralizing Pseudomonas sp. strain SG-MS2 and its catabolic pathway. Degradation of pinoresinol in this strain is inducible and proceeds via a novel oxidative route, which is in contrast to the previously reported reductive transformation by other bacteria. Based on enzyme assays and bacterial growth, cell suspension, and resting cell studies, we provide conclusive evidence that pinoresinol degradation in strain SG-MS2 is initiated by benzylic hydroxylation, generating a hemiketal via a quinone methide intermediate, which is then hydrated at the benzylic carbon by water. The hemiketal, which stays in equilibrium with the corresponding keto alcohol, undergoes an aryl-alkyl cleavage to generate a lactone and 2-methoxyhydroquinone. While the fate of 2-methoxyhydroquinone is not investigated further, it is assumed to be assimilated by ring cleavage. The lactone is further metabolized via two routes, namely, lactone ring cleavage and benzylic hydroxylation via a quinone methide intermediate, as described above. The resulting hemiketal again exists in equilibrium with a keto alcohol. Our evidence suggests that both routes of lactone metabolism lead to vanillin and vanillic acid, which we show can then be mineralized by strain SG-MS2.IMPORTANCE The oxidative catabolism of (+)-pinoresinol degradation elucidated here is fundamentally different from the reductive cometabolism reported for two previously characterized bacteria. Our findings open up new opportunities to use lignin for the biosynthesis of vanillin, a key flavoring agent in foods, beverages, and pharmaceuticals, as well as various new lactones. Our work also has implications for the study of new pinoresinol metabolites in human health. The enterodiol and enterolactone produced through reductive transformation of pinoresinol by gut microbes have already been associated with decreased risks of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The metabolites from oxidative metabolism we find here also deserve attention in this respect.
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111
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Gaya P, Peirotén Á, Álvarez I, Medina M, Landete JM. Production of the bioactive isoflavone O-desmethylangolensin by Enterococcus faecium INIA P553 with high efficiency. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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112
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Requena T, Martínez-Cuesta MC, Peláez C. Diet and microbiota linked in health and disease. Food Funct 2018; 9:688-704. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01820g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diet has shaped microbiota profiles through human evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Requena
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology
- Institute of Food Science Research
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - M. C. Martínez-Cuesta
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology
- Institute of Food Science Research
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - C. Peláez
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology
- Institute of Food Science Research
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
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113
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Paul B, Royston KJ, Li Y, Stoll ML, Skibola CF, Wilson LS, Barnes S, Morrow CD, Tollefsbol TO. Impact of genistein on the gut microbiome of humanized mice and its role in breast tumor inhibition. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189756. [PMID: 29267377 PMCID: PMC5739415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since dietary polyphenols can have beneficial effects in prevention and treatment of cancer, we tested the hypothesis that breast cancer patients’ intestinal microbiota is modulated by genistein (GE), an isoflavone found in soy, and that microbial alterations may offset the side effects brought about by chemotherapy. We demonstrated successful humanization of germ-free mice by transplanting fecal samples from breast cancer patients before and after chemotherapy. Mice were then grouped based on chemotherapy status and GE or control diet. We did not find any significant differences between pre-chemotherapy and post-chemotherapy bacterial composition and abundances. Germ-free mice on a GE diet showed differences in microbial composition as compared to mice on control diet. Four weeks after introduction of the customized GE diet, there was distinct clustering of GE-fed mice as compared to the control-fed group. In the gut microbiome of GE-treated humanized mice, there was an increase in abundance of genera Lactococcus and Eubacterium. Phylum Verrucomicrobia showed statistically significant (p = 0.02) differences in abundances between the GE-fed and control-fed groups. There was an increase in bacteria belonging to family Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae in GE-fed mice. Marked changes were observed in GE catabolism in mice humanized with fecal material from two of three patients’ post-chemotherapy with complete disappearance of 4-ethylphenol and 2-(4-hydroxyphenol) propionic acid conjugates. The post-tumor samples did not show any distinct clustering of the gut microbiota between the two diet groups. There was an increase in latency of about 25% for tumor growth of the humanized mice that were on a GE diet as compared to humanized mice on a control diet. The average tumor size for the GE group was significantly decreased compared to the non-GE group. Collectively, our results suggest that the intestinal microbiota becomes altered with a GE diet before induction of tumor. Our findings indicate that GE modulates the microbiome in humanized mice that may contribute to its effects on increasing the latency of breast tumor and reducing tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Paul
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Kendra J. Royston
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Matthew L. Stoll
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Christine F. Skibola
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Landon S. Wilson
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Casey D. Morrow
- Department of Cell, Development & Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Trygve O. Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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114
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Braune A, Blaut M. Evaluation of inter-individual differences in gut bacterial isoflavone bioactivation in humans by PCR-based targeting of genes involved in equol formation. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 124:220-231. [PMID: 29055162 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To identify human subjects harbouring intestinal bacteria that bioactivate daidzein to equol using a targeted PCR-based approach. METHODS AND RESULTS In a pilot study including 17 human subjects, equol formation was determined in faecal slurries. In parallel, faecal DNA was amplified by PCR using degenerate primers that target highly conserved regions of dihydrodaidzein reductase and tetrahydrodaidzein reductase genes. PCR products of the expected size were observed for six of the eight subjects identified as equol producers. Analysis of clone libraries revealed the amplification of sequences exclusively related to Adlercreutzia equolifaciens in four of the subjects tested positive for equol formation, whereas in three of the equol producers, only sequences related to Slackia isoflavoniconvertens were observed. No amplicons were obtained for one equol-forming subject, thus suggesting the presence of nontargeted alternative genes. Amplicons were only sporadically observed in the nonequol producers. CONCLUSION The majority of human subjects who produced equol were also detected with the developed PCR-based approach. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The obtained results shed light on the distribution and the diversity of known equol-forming bacterial species in the study group and indicate the presence of as yet unknown equol-forming bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Braune
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - M Blaut
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
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115
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Basson AR, Lam M, Cominelli F. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Strategies for Therapeutic Gut Microbiota Modulation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and their Next-Generation Approaches. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2017; 46:689-729. [PMID: 29173517 PMCID: PMC5909826 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome exerts a major impact on human health and disease, and therapeutic gut microbiota modulation is now a well-advocated strategy in the management of many diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Scientific and clinical evidence in support of complementary and alternative medicine, in targeting intestinal dysbiosis among patients with IBD, or other disorders, has increased dramatically over the past years. Delivery of "artificial" stool replacements for fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could provide an effective, safer alternative to that of human donor stool. Nevertheless, optimum timing of FMT administration in IBD remains unexplored, and future investigations are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R Basson
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Minh Lam
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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116
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Yadav M, Verma MK, Chauhan NS. A review of metabolic potential of human gut microbiome in human nutrition. Arch Microbiol 2017; 200:203-217. [PMID: 29188341 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1459-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The human gut contains a plethora of microbes, providing a platform for metabolic interaction between the host and microbiota. Metabolites produced by the gut microbiota act as a link between gut microbiota and its host. These metabolites act as messengers having the capacity to alter the gut microbiota. Recent advances in the characterization of the gut microbiota and its symbiotic relationship with the host have provided a platform to decode metabolic interactions. The human gut microbiota, a crucial component for dietary metabolism, is shaped by the genetic, epigenetic and dietary factors. The metabolic potential of gut microbiota explains its significance in host health and diseases. The knowledge of interactions between microbiota and host metabolism, as well as modification of microbial ecology, is really beneficial to have effective therapeutic treatments for many diet-related diseases in near future. This review cumulates the information to map the role of human gut microbiota in dietary component metabolism, the role of gut microbes derived metabolites in human health and host-microbe metabolic interactions in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Nar Singh Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
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117
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Xu X, Jia X, Mo L, Liu C, Zheng L, Yuan Q, Zhou X. Intestinal microbiota: a potential target for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Bone Res 2017; 5:17046. [PMID: 28983411 PMCID: PMC5627629 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2017.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is a prevalent metabolic bone disease characterized by bone loss and structural destruction, which increases the risk of fracture in postmenopausal women. Owing to the high morbidity and serious complications of PMO, many efforts have been devoted to its prophylaxis and treatment. The intestinal microbiota is the complex community of microorganisms colonizing the gastrointestinal tract. Probiotics, which are dietary or medical supplements consisting of beneficial intestinal bacteria, work in concert with endogenous intestinal microorganisms to maintain host health. Recent studies have revealed that bone loss in PMO is closely related to host immunity, which is influenced by the intestinal microbiota. The curative effects of probiotics on metabolic bone diseases have also been demonstrated. The effects of the intestinal microbiota on bone metabolism suggest a promising target for PMO management. This review seeks to summarize the critical effects of the intestinal microbiota and probiotics on PMO, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenic relationship between bacteria and host, and to define the possible treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyue Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Longyi Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Dental Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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118
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Phytoestrogen metabolism by lactic acid bacteria: Enterolignan production by Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus gasseri strains. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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119
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Landete JM, Gaya P, Rodríguez E, Langa S, Peirotén Á, Medina M, Arqués JL. Probiotic Bacteria for Healthier Aging: Immunomodulation and Metabolism of Phytoestrogens. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:5939818. [PMID: 29109959 PMCID: PMC5646295 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5939818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Age-related degeneration gives rise to a number of pathologies, many of them associated with imbalances of the microbiota and the gut-associated immune system. Thus, the intestine is considered a key target organ to improve the quality of life in senescence. Gut microbiota can have a powerful impact in the deterioration linked to aging by its nutritional and immunomodulatory activity. Reduced numbers of beneficial species and low microbial biodiversity in the elderly have been linked with pathogenesis of many diseases. A healthy lifestyle with an elderly customized diet including probiotics can contribute to reducing the chronic proinflammatory status and other age-related pathologies. Beneficial effects of probiotic lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria to alleviate some of these disorders based on their immunomodulatory properties as well as their capacity to produce bioactive metabolites from dietary phytoestrogens are summarized. On one hand, the preservation of gut barrier integrity and an increased ability to fight infections are the main reported immune benefits of probiotics. On the other hand, the intake of a diet rich in phytoestrogens along with the presence of selected probiotic bacteria may lead to the production of equol, enterolignans, and urolithins, which are considered protective against chronic diseases related to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Landete
- Departamento Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Gaya
- Departamento Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Rodríguez
- Departamento Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Langa
- Departamento Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Peirotén
- Departamento Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Medina
- Departamento Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan L. Arqués
- Departamento Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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120
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Fofana B, Ghose K, Somalraju A, McCallum J, Main D, Deyholos MK, Rowland GG, Cloutier S. Induced Mutagenesis in UGT74S1 Gene Leads to Stable New Flax Lines with Altered Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside (SDG) Profiles. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1638. [PMID: 28983308 PMCID: PMC5613138 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Flax secoisolariciresinol (SECO) diglucoside (SDG) lignan is an emerging natural product purported to prevent chronic diseases in humans. SECO, the aglycone form of SDG, has shown higher intestinal cell absorption but it is not accumulated naturally in planta. Recently, we have identified and characterized a UDP-glucosyltransferase gene, UGT74S1, that glucosylates SECO into its monoglucoside (SMG) and SDG forms when expressed in yeast. However, whether this gene is unique in controlling SECO glucosylation into SDG in planta is unclear. Here, we report on the use of UGT74S1 in reverse and forward genetics to characterize an ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenized flax population from cultivar CDC Bethune and consisting of 1996 M2 families. EMS mutagenesis generated 73 SNP variants causing 79 mutational events in the UGT74S1 exonic regions of 93 M2 families. The mutation frequency in the exonic regions was determined to be one per 28 Kb. Of these mutations, 13 homozygous missense mutations and two homozygous nonsense mutations were observed and all were transmitted into the M3 and M4 generations. Forward genetics screening of the population showed homozygous nonsense mutants completely lacking SDG biosynthesis while the production of SMG was observed only in a subset of the M4 lines. Heterozygous or homozygous M4 missense mutants displayed a wide range of SDG levels, some being greater than those of CDC Bethune. No additional deleterious mutations were detected in these mutant lines using a panel of 10 other genes potentially involved in the lignan biosynthesis. This study provides further evidence that UGT74S1 is unique in controlling SDG formation from SECO and this is the first report of non-transgenic flax germplasm with simultaneous knockout of SDG and presence of SMG in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bourlaye Fofana
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaCharlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Kaushik Ghose
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaCharlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Ashok Somalraju
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaCharlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Jason McCallum
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaCharlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - David Main
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaCharlottetown, PE, Canada
| | | | - Gordon G. Rowland
- Department of Plant Science, Crop Development Centre, University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Sylvie Cloutier
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaOttawa, ON, Canada
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121
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Turroni S, Brigidi P, Cavalli A, Candela M. Microbiota–Host Transgenomic Metabolism, Bioactive Molecules from the Inside. J Med Chem 2017; 61:47-61. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Turroni
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro
6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro
6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro
6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Compunet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro
6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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122
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Enterolactone has stronger effects than enterodiol on ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2017; 10:49. [PMID: 28738876 PMCID: PMC5525236 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-017-0346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is one of the three leading gynecological malignancies, characterized by insidious growth, highly frequent metastasis, and quick development of drug resistance. As a result, this disease has low 5-year survival rates. Estrogen receptor inhibitors were commonly used for the treatment, but only 7% to 18% of patients respond to anti-estrogen therapies. Therefore, more effective therapies to inhibit estrogen-related tumors are urgently needed. Recently, phytoestrogens, such as lignans with estrogen-like biological activities, have attracted attention for their potential effects in the prevention or treatment of estrogen-related diseases. Enterodiol (END) and enterolactone (ENL) are mammalian lignans, which can reduce the risk of various cancers. However, the effects of END and ENL on ovarian cancer are not adequately documented. Methods We used in vitro assays on the ES-2 cell line to evaluate the inhibiting effects of END and ENL on ovarian cancer cell proliferation, invasion and migration ability and in vivo xenograft experiments on nude mice to validate the anticancer effects of END and ENL. Results The in vitro assays demonstrated that high-dose END and ENL could obviously inhibit ovarian malignant properties, including cancerous proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Compared to END, ENL behaved in a better time-dose dependent manner on the cancer cells. The in vivo experiments showed that END (1 mg/kg), ENL (1 mg/kg) and ENL (0.1 mg/kg) suppressed tumor markedly, and there were statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in tumor weight and volume. Compared to END, which have serious side effects to the animals at high concentration such as 1 mg/kg, ENL had higher anticancer activities and less side effects in the animals than END at the same concentrations, so it would be a better candidate for drug development. Conclusion END and ENL both have potent inhibitory effects on ovarian cancer but ENL possesses a more effective anti-cancer capability and less side effects than END. Findings in this work provide novel insights into ovarian cancer therapeutics with phytoestrogens and encourage their clinical applications.
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123
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Gaya P, Sánchez-Jiménez A, Peirotén Á, Medina M, Landete JM. Incomplete metabolism of phytoestrogens by gut microbiota from children under the age of three. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 69:334-343. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1353955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Gaya
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Abel Sánchez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Matemática Aplicada (Biomatemática), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Peirotén
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Medina
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Maria Landete
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
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124
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Vázquez L, Flórez AB, Guadamuro L, Mayo B. Effect of Soy Isoflavones on Growth of Representative Bacterial Species from the Human Gut. Nutrients 2017; 9:E727. [PMID: 28698467 PMCID: PMC5537841 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work aimed to assess the susceptibility of dominant and representative bacterial populations from the human gut to isoflavones and their metabolites. To do so, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of isoflavone glycosides, isoflavone aglycones, and equol to 37 bacterial strains was determined by broth microdilution. Additionally, for 10 representative strains, growth curves, growth rate (μ), and optical density (OD600 nm) of the cultures at 24 h were also determined. MICs of daidzin, genistin, daidzein, and genistein were >2048 μg mL-1 for all strains assayed, while that of equol ranged from 16 μg mL-1 for Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis to >2048 μg mL-1 for Enterobacteriaceae strains. Changes in growth curves, μ, and final OD were observed among the species in the presence of all tested compounds. Genistein reduced μ of Bacteroides fragilis, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, and Slackia equolifaciens, while both genistein and equol increased that of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Compared to controls, lower final OD in the presence of aglycones and equol were recorded for some strains but were higher for others. Altogether, the results suggest that isoflavone-derived compounds could modify numbers of key bacterial species in the gut, which might be associated with their beneficial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Vázquez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.
| | - Ana Belén Flórez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.
| | - Lucía Guadamuro
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.
| | - Baltasar Mayo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.
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125
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Read MN, Holmes AJ. Towards an Integrative Understanding of Diet-Host-Gut Microbiome Interactions. Front Immunol 2017; 8:538. [PMID: 28533782 PMCID: PMC5421151 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, a sizeable body of research has linked the microbiome and host diet to a remarkable diversity of diseases. Yet, unifying principles of microbiome assembly or function, at levels required to rationally manipulate a specific individual's microbiome to their benefit, have not emerged. A key driver of both community composition and activity is the host diet, but diet-microbiome interactions cannot be characterized without consideration of host-diet interactions such as appetite and digestion. This becomes even more complex if health outcomes are to be explored, as microbes engage in multiple interactions and feedback pathways with the host. Here, we review these interactions and set forth the need to build conceptual models of the diet-microbiome-host axes that draw out the key principles governing this system's dynamics. We highlight how "units of response," characterizations of similarly behaving microbes, do not correlate consistently with microbial sequence relatedness, raising a challenge for relating high-throughput data sets to conceptual models. Furthermore, they are question-specific; responses to resource environment may be captured at higher taxonomic levels, but capturing microbial products that depend on networks of different interacting populations, such as short-chain fatty acid production through anaerobic fermentation, can require consideration of the entire community. We posit that integrative approaches to teasing apart diet-microbe-host interactions will help bridge between experimental data sets and conceptual models and will be of value in formulating predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark N. Read
- The School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Holmes
- The School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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126
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The gut microbiota: A key factor in the therapeutic effects of (poly)phenols. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 139:82-93. [PMID: 28483461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
(Poly)phenols (PPs) constitute a large family of phytochemicals with high chemical diversity that are known to be active principles of plant-derived nutraceuticals and herbal medicinal products. Their pharmacological activity, however, is difficult to demonstrate due to their mild physiological effects, and to the large inter-individual variability observed. Many PPs have little bioavailability and reach the colon almost unaltered. There they encounter the gut microbes resulting in a two-way interaction in which PPs modulate the gut microbiota composition, and the intestinal microbes catabolize the ingested PPs to release metabolites that are often more active and better absorbed than the native phenolic compounds. The type and quantity of the PP metabolites produced in humans depend on the gut microbiota composition and function, and different metabotypes have been identified. However, not all the metabolites have the same biological activity, and therefore the final health effects of dietary PPs depend on the gut microbiota composition. Stratification in clinical trials according to individuals' metabotypes is necessary to fully understand the health effects of PPs. In this review, we present and discuss the most significant and updated knowledge regarding the reciprocal interrelation of the gut microbiota with dietary PPs as a key factor that modulates the health effects of these compounds. The review will focus in those PPs that are known to be metabolized by gut microbiota resulting in bioactive metabolites.
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127
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Gut microbiota functions: metabolism of nutrients and other food components. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:1-24. [PMID: 28393285 PMCID: PMC5847071 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1445-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1381] [Impact Index Per Article: 197.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The diverse microbial community that inhabits the human gut has an extensive metabolic repertoire that is distinct from, but complements the activity of mammalian enzymes in the liver and gut mucosa and includes functions essential for host digestion. As such, the gut microbiota is a key factor in shaping the biochemical profile of the diet and, therefore, its impact on host health and disease. The important role that the gut microbiota appears to play in human metabolism and health has stimulated research into the identification of specific microorganisms involved in different processes, and the elucidation of metabolic pathways, particularly those associated with metabolism of dietary components and some host-generated substances. In the first part of the review, we discuss the main gut microorganisms, particularly bacteria, and microbial pathways associated with the metabolism of dietary carbohydrates (to short chain fatty acids and gases), proteins, plant polyphenols, bile acids, and vitamins. The second part of the review focuses on the methodologies, existing and novel, that can be employed to explore gut microbial pathways of metabolism. These include mathematical models, omics techniques, isolated microbes, and enzyme assays.
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128
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Liu J, Yuan F, Gao J, Shan B, Ren Y, Wang H, Gao Y. Oral isoflavone supplementation on endometrial thickness: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Oncotarget 2017; 7:17369-79. [PMID: 26967050 PMCID: PMC4951218 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Isoflavone from soy and other plants modulate hormonal effects in women, and the hormone disorder might result in different caners including endometrial cancer. However, it's effect on the risk of endometrial cancer is still inconclusive. We aimed to assess the effects of isoflavone on endometrial thickness, a risk factor of endometrial cancer in peri- and post-menopausal women. Methods A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted to evaluate the effect of oral isoflavone supplementation on endometrial thickness in peri- and post-menopausal women. Electronic searches were performed on the PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, web of science, CINAHL, and WHO ICTRP to August 1st, 2015. Reviews and reference lists of relevant articles were also searched to identify more studies. Summary estimates of standard mean differences (SMD's) and 95%CIs were obtained with random-effects models. Heterogeneity was evaluated with meta-regression and stratified analyses. Results A total of 23 trials were included in the current analysis. The overall results did not show significant change of endometrial thickness after oral isoflavone supplementation (23 studies, 2167subjects; SMD:-0.05; 95%CI:-0.23, 0.13; P=0.60). Stratified analysis suggested that a daily dose of more than 54mg could decrease the endometrial thickness for 0.26mm (10 trials, 984subjects; SMD:-0.26; 95%CI:-0.45, −0.07; P=0.007). Furthermore, isoflavone supplementation significantly decrease the endometrial thickness for 0.23mm in North American studies (7 trials, 726 subjects; SMD:-0.23; 95%CI:-0.44, −0.01; P=0.04), but it suggested an increase for 0.23mm in Asian studies (3 trials, 224 subjects; SMD: 0.23; 95%CI:-0.04, 0.50; P=0.10). Conclusion Oral isoflavone supplementation might have different effects in different populations and at different daily doses. Multiple-centre, larger, and long-term trials are deserved to further evaluate its effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Feixiang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Nutrition Department, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Boer Shan
- Department of Female Tumor, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulan Ren
- Department of Female Tumor, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaying Wang
- Department of Female Tumor, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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129
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Rethinking Diet to Aid Human–Microbe Symbiosis. Trends Microbiol 2017; 25:100-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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130
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Bifidobacterium adolescentis INIA P784: The first probiotic bacterium capable of producing enterodiol from lignan extracts. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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131
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Frankenfeld CL. Cardiometabolic risk and gut microbial phytoestrogen metabolite phenotypes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cara L. Frankenfeld
- Department of Global and Community Health; George Mason University; Fairfax VA USA
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132
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Gaya P, Medina M, Sánchez-Jiménez A, Landete JM. Phytoestrogen Metabolism by Adult Human Gut Microbiota. Molecules 2016; 21:E1034. [PMID: 27517891 PMCID: PMC6274073 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are plant-derived polyphenols with a structure similar to human estrogens. The three main groups of phytoestrogens, isoflavones, ellagitannins, and lignans, are transformed into equol, urolithins, and enterolignans, respectively, by bacteria. These metabolites have more estrogenic/antiestrogenic and antioxidant activities than their precursors, and they are more bioavailable. The aim of this study was to analyze the metabolism of isoflavones, lignans and ellagitannins by gut microbiota, and to study the possible correlation in the metabolism of these three groups of phytoestrogens. In vitro fermentation experiments were performed with feces samples from 14 healthy adult volunteers, and metabolite formation was measured by HPLC-PAD and HPLC-ESI/MS. Only the microbiota of one subject produced equol, while most of them showed production of O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA). Significant inter-subject differences were observed in the metabolism of dihydrodaidzein and dihydrogenistein, while the glucoside isoflavones and their aglycones showed less variability, except for glycitin. Most subjects produced urolithins M-5 and E. Urolithin D was not detected, while uroltithin B was found in half of the individuals analyzed, and urolithins A and C were detected in two and four subjects, respectively. Enterolactone was found in all subjects, while enterodiol only appeared in five. Isoflavone metabolism could be correlated with the metabolism of lignans and ellagitannins. However, the metabolism of ellagitannins and lignans could not be correlated. This the first study where the metabolism of the three groups together of phytoestrogen, isoflavones, lignans, and ellagitannins by gut microbiota is analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Gaya
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7.5, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Margarita Medina
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7.5, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Abel Sánchez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Matemática Aplicada (Biomatemática), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/José Antonio Novais 12, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - José Mᵃ Landete
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7.5, Madrid 28040, Spain.
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133
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Guadamuro L, Jiménez-Girón AM, Delgado S, Flórez AB, Suárez A, Martín-Álvarez PJ, Bartolomé B, Moreno-Arribas MV, Mayo B. Profiling of Phenolic Metabolites in Feces from Menopausal Women after Long-Term Isoflavone Supplementation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:210-216. [PMID: 26690567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds were screened by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS in the feces of 15 menopausal women before and after long-term isoflavone treatment. In total, 44 compounds were detected. Large intertreatment, interindividual, and intersample variations were observed in terms of the number of compounds and their concentration. Four compounds, the aglycones daidzein and genistein and the daidzein derivatives dihydrodaidzein and O-desmethylangolensin, were associated with isoflavone metabolism; these were identified only after the isoflavone treatment. In addition, 4-ethylcatechol, 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 3-phenylpropionic acid differed significantly in pre- and postintervention samples, whereas the concentration of 4-hydroxy-5-phenylvaleric acid showed a trend toward increasing over the treatment. The phenolic profiles of equol-producing and -non-producing groups were similar, with the exceptions of 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and 3-phenylpropionic acid, which showed higher concentrations in equol-non-producing women. These findings may help to trace isoflavone-derived metabolites in feces during isoflavone interventions and to design new studies to address their biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Guadamuro
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquı́mica de Productos Lácteos, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC) , Paseo Rı́o Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC , c/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Jiménez-Girón
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC , c/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Delgado
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquı́mica de Productos Lácteos, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC) , Paseo Rı́o Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Flórez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquı́mica de Productos Lácteos, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC) , Paseo Rı́o Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Adolfo Suárez
- Servicio de Digestivo, Hospital de Cabueñes , Calle Los Prados 395, 33394 Gijón, Spain
| | - Pedro J Martín-Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC , c/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Bartolomé
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC , c/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Victoria Moreno-Arribas
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC , c/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Baltasar Mayo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquı́mica de Productos Lácteos, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC) , Paseo Rı́o Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
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