101
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Chao LL. Improvements in Gulf War Illness Symptoms After Near-Infrared Transcranial and Intranasal Photobiomodulation: Two Case Reports. Mil Med 2020; 184:e568-e574. [PMID: 30916762 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
At least one-fourth of US veterans who served in the 1990-1991 Gulf War (GW) are affected by the chronic symptomatic illness known as Gulf War illness (GWI). This condition typically includes some combination of fatigue, headaches, cognitive dysfunction, musculoskeletal pain, and respiratory, gastrointestinal and dermatologic complaints. To date, effective treatments for GWI have been elusive. Photobiomodulation (PBM) describes the non-pharmacological, non-thermal use of light to stimulate, heal, and protect tissue that has either been injured, is degenerating, or else is at risk of dying. Significant benefits have been reported following application of transcranial PBM to humans with acute stoke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and dementia. This report describes the first documentation of improved GWI symptoms in two GW veterans following 12 weeks of PBM treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Chao
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street (114M), San Francisco, CA 94121.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
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102
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Huang N, Yao D, Jiang W, Wei C, Li M, Li W, Mu H, Gao M, Ma Z, Lyu J, Tong Z. Safety and Efficacy of 630-nm Red Light on Cognitive Function in Older Adults With Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:143. [PMID: 32528273 PMCID: PMC7253693 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Studies have shown that excess formaldehyde accumulation in the brain accelerates cognitive decline in people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recently, reports from our research team revealed that red light treatment (RLT) improved memory in AD mice by activating formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH) and thus reducing formaldehyde levels. Here, we developed a medical RLT device to investigate the safety and efficacy of this device in older adults with mild to moderate AD. Methods: This will be a randomized controlled trial (RCT) that will include 60 participants who will be recruited and randomly divided into an RLT group and a control group. The RLT group will receive RLT intervention 5 days a week for 30 min each time for 24 weeks while the control group will continue their routine treatments without RLT. All participants will undergo neuropsychological and functional assessments including the Mini-Mental State Examination, the AD assessment scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and the Barthel Index at baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks. All participants will undergo functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning and blood/urine biomarkers tests at baseline and 24 weeks. The primary outcome will be the ADAS-cog score while the secondary outcomes will be the GDS and NPI scores. Adverse events will be recorded and treated when necessary. Both an intention-to-treat analysis and a per-protocol analysis will be performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of RLT. Discussion: This protocol outlines the objectives of the study and explained the RLT device developed by the research team. The study is designed as an RCT to evaluate the safety and effects of the RLT device on older adults with mild to moderate AD. This study will provide evidence for the clinical use of RLT on treatment for AD. Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, ChiCTR1800020163; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayan Huang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Center for Cognitive Disorders, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Yao
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Center for Cognitive Disorders, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Center for Cognitive Disorders, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cuibai Wei
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mo Li
- Center for Cognitive Disorders, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Center for Cognitive Disorders, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Mu
- Center for Cognitive Disorders, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Maolong Gao
- Institute for Geriatrics and Rehabilitation, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zongjuan Ma
- Center for Cognitive Disorders, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jihui Lyu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Center for Cognitive Disorders, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqian Tong
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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103
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Berman MH, Nichols TW. Treatment of Neurodegeneration: Integrating Photobiomodulation and Neurofeedback in Alzheimer's Dementia and Parkinson's: A Review. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2020; 37:623-634. [PMID: 31647776 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: A review of photobiomodulation (PBM) in Alzheimer's dementia is submitted. The addition of PBM in neurodegenerative diseases is a dual modality that is at present gaining traction as it is safe, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory for treating neurodegeneration with photons that stimulate mitochondria increasing adenosine triphosphate and proteasomes increasing misfolded protein removal. Neurofeedback provides neural plasticity with an increase in brain-derived nerve factor mRNA and an increase in dendrite production and density in the hippocampus coupled with overall growth in dendrites, density, and neuronal survival. Background: Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology is the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein neurofibrillary tangles and subsequently amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques. PBM and neurobiofeedback (NBF)address the multiple gene expression and upregulation of multiple pathogenic pathway inflammation, reactive oxidative stress, mitochondrial disorders, insulin resistance, methylation defects, regulation of neuroprotective factors, and regional hypoperfusion of the brain. There is no human evidence to suggest a clinical therapeutic benefit from using consistent light sources while significantly increasing safety concerns. Methods: A PBM test with early- to mid-Alzheimer's was reported in 2017, consisting of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in a small pilot group of early- to mid-dementia subjects under Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Clinical Trial. Results: PBM-treated subjects showed that active treatment subjects tended to show greater improvement in the functioning of the executive: clock drawing, immediate recall, practical memory, and visual attention and task switching (Trails A&B). A larger study using the CerebroLite helmet in Temple Texas again of subjects in a double-blind, placebo-controlled IRB-approved FDA Clinical Trial demonstrated gain in memory and cognition by increased clock drawing. Conclusions: Next-generation trials with the Cognitolite for Parkinson's disease subjects will incorporate the insights regarding significant bilateral occipital hypocoherence deficits gained from the quantitative EEG analyses. Future applications will integrate noninvasive stimulation delivery, including full-body and transcranial and infrared light with pulsed electromagnetic frequencies.
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104
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Study of transcranial photobiomodulation at 945-nm wavelength: anxiety and depression. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 35:1945-1954. [PMID: 32144511 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-02983-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial photobiomodulation is an innovative method for the stimulation of neural activity which consists of the exposure of neural tissue to low-level light irradiance. In the present study, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were used as light source due to their practicality and low cost. The objective was to analyze the effects of transcranial photobiomodulation using 945-nm LED in university students with anxiety and depression. Sample was composed of 22 individuals (17-25 years of age) divided into 2 groups of 11. LED group was treated with 945-nm LEDs for 1 min and 25 s (9.35 J/cm2), while in the placebo group, the device was off when placed in contact with the frontal bone for the same amount of time as in treatment group. Participants were evaluated at baseline and after 30 days with the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), the faces test, the designs test, and the grip strength test. On the HADS for anxiety, the mean PAB, PAA, PhAB, and PhAA were 13.89 ± 3.55, 12.82 ± 3.18, 10.75 ± 2.49, and 6.66 ± 2.50 points, respectively. In the HADS for depression, the mean for the PDB group was 13.89 ± 3.55 points, in the PhDB group 12.82 ± 3.18 points, in the PDA group 10.75 ± 2.49 points, and in the PhDA group 6.66 ± 2.50 points. In the PA and PD groups, mean values of 8.0 ± 1.5 and 8.9 ± 1.26 scores were obtained, but did not reach significance; however, between PA and PhD analysis, a significance level of p = 0.0003 was obtained. The 945-nm LED transcranial photobiomodulation improves brain activity and may clinically decrease anxiety and depression.
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105
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Salehpour F, Hamblin MR, DiDuro JO. Rapid Reversal of Cognitive Decline, Olfactory Dysfunction, and Quality of Life Using Multi-Modality Photobiomodulation Therapy: Case Report. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2020; 37:159-167. [PMID: 31050946 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2018.4569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We present a case report of reversal of cognitive impairment, olfactory dysfunction, and quality of life measures in a patient with cognitive decline after multi-modality photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy. Background: Transcranial and intranasal PBM has been introduced as a light-based therapeutic technique in which exposure to low levels of red to near-infrared (NIR) light stimulates neuronal function, leading to beneficial neurological effects. Materials and methods: Patient received twice-daily PBM therapy at home using three different wearable light-emitting diode (LED) devices. For the first week containing a mixture of continuous wave mode red (635 nm) and NIR (810 nm) LEDs, a prototype transcranial light helmet and a body pad were used. The body pad was placed on various areas on the lower back and the helmet was worn while seated. After the first week of treatment, an intranasal LED device, 10-Hz pulsed wave mode NIR (810 nm), was initiated in the left nostril twice daily. All three devices were applied simultaneously for an irradiation time of 25 min per session. Results: The patient showed a significant improvement in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score from 18 to 24 and in the Working Memory Questionnaire score from 53 to 10. The cognitive enhancement was accompanied by reversal of olfactory dysfunction as measured by the Alberta Smell Test and peanut butter odor detection test. Quality-of-life measures improved and caregiver stress was reduced. No adverse effects were reported. Conclusions: PBM therapy may be a promising noninvasive approach for patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Salehpour
- 1 Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,2 Department of Medical Physics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,3 ProNeuroLIGHT LLC, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- 4 Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,5 Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,6 Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph O DiDuro
- 3 ProNeuroLIGHT LLC, Phoenix, Arizona.,7 Neuropathy Treatment Centers of America LLC, Phoenix, Arizona
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106
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Hipskind SG, Grover FL, Fort TR, Helffenstein D, Burke TJ, Quint SA, Bussiere G, Stone M, Hurtado T. Pulsed Transcranial Red/Near-Infrared Light Therapy Using Light-Emitting Diodes Improves Cerebral Blood Flow and Cognitive Function in Veterans with Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case Series. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2020; 37:77-84. [PMID: 31050928 PMCID: PMC6390875 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2018.4489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study explored the outcome of applying red/near-infrared light therapy using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) pulsed with three different frequencies transcranially to treat traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Veterans. Background: Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) using LEDs has been shown to have positive effects on TBI in humans and animal models. Materials and methods: Twelve symptomatic military Veterans diagnosed with chronic TBI >18 months post-trauma received pulsed transcranial PBMT (tPBMT) using two neoprene therapy pads containing 220 infrared and 180 red LEDs, generating a power output of 3.3 W and an average power density of 6.4 mW/cm2 for 20 min, thrice per week over 6 weeks. Outcome measures included standardized neuropsychological test scores and qualitative and quantitative single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) measures of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). Results: Pulsed tPBMT significantly improved neuropsychological scores in 6 of 15 subscales (40.0%; p < 0.05; two tailed). SPECT analysis showed increase in rCBF in 8 of 12 (66.7%) study participants. Quantitative SPECT analysis revealed a significant increase in rCBF in this subgroup of study participants and a significant difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment gamma ray counts per cubic centimeter [t = 3.77, df = 7, p = 0.007, 95% confidence interval (95,543.21–21,931.82)]. This is the first study to report quantitative SPECT analysis of rCBF in regions of interest following pulsed tPBMT with LEDs in TBI. Conclusions: Pulsed tPBMT using LEDs shows promise in improving cognitive function and rCBF several years after TBI. Larger, controlled studies are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gregory Hipskind
- 1 Brain Injury Consulting, LLC, Department of Brain Research, Addison, Texas.,2 InLight Medical, Medical Advisory Department, Addison, Texas
| | - Fred L Grover
- 3 Revolutionary MD, Department of Medical Research, Denver, Colorado
| | - T Richard Fort
- 4 CereScan Corporation, Department of Imaging Research, Littleton, Colorado
| | - Dennis Helffenstein
- 5 Colorado Neuropsychological Associates, Testing Department, Englewood, Colorado
| | - Thomas J Burke
- 6 University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Physiology (Retired), Aurora, Colorado
| | - Shane A Quint
- 4 CereScan Corporation, Department of Imaging Research, Littleton, Colorado
| | - Garrett Bussiere
- 4 CereScan Corporation, Department of Imaging Research, Littleton, Colorado
| | - Michael Stone
- 7 Veterans Administration Hospital, Department of Radiology, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Timothy Hurtado
- 8 Penrose-St. Francis Health Services, Emergency Department, Colorado Springs, Colorado
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107
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Gavish L, Houreld NN. Therapeutic Efficacy of Home-Use Photobiomodulation Devices: A Systematic Literature Review. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2020; 37:4-16. [PMID: 31050938 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2018.4512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Perform systematic literature review on photobiomodulation (PBM) devices used at home for nonesthetic applications. Background: Home-use PBM devices have been marketed for cosmetic and therapeutic purposes. This is the first systematic literature review for nonesthetic applications. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted for PBM devices self-applied at home at least thrice a week. Two independent reviewers screened the articles and extracted the data. Treatment dosage appropriateness was compared to the World Association for Laser Therapy (WALT) recommendations. The efficacy was evaluated according to the relevant primary end-point for the specific indication. Results: Eleven studies were suitable. Devices were applied for a range of indications, including pain, cognitive dysfunction, wound healing, diabetic macular edema, and postprocedural side effects, and were mostly based on near-infrared, pulsed light-emitting diodes with dosages within WALT recommendations. Regarding efficacy, studies reported mostly positive results. Conclusions: Home-use PBM devices appear to mediate effective, safe treatments in a variety of conditions that require frequent applications. Conclusive evaluation of their efficacy requires additional, randomized controlled studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilach Gavish
- 1 Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Research in Military Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nicolette Nadene Houreld
- 2 Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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108
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Mitrofanis J, Henderson LA. How and why does photobiomodulation change brain activity? Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:2243-2244. [PMID: 32594038 PMCID: PMC7749488 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.284989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John Mitrofanis
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Luke A Henderson
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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109
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Enengl J, Hamblin MR, Dungel P. Photobiomodulation for Alzheimer's Disease: Translating Basic Research to Clinical Application. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 75:1073-1082. [PMID: 32390621 PMCID: PMC7369090 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the challenges in translating new therapeutic approaches to the patient bedside lies in bridging the gap between scientists who are conducting basic laboratory research and medical practitioners who are not exposed to highly specialized journals. This review covers the literature on photobiomodulation therapy as a novel approach to prevent and treat Alzheimer's disease, aiming to bridge that gap by gathering together the terms and technical specifications into a single concise suggestion for a treatment protocol. In light of the predicted doubling in the number of people affected by dementia and Alzheimer's disease within the next 30 years, a treatment option which has already shown promising results in cell culture studies and animal models, and whose safety has already been proven in humans, must not be left in the dark. This review covers the mechanistic action of photobiomodulation therapy against Alzheimer's disease at a cellular level. Safe and effective doses have been found in animal models, and the first human case studies have provided reasons to undertake large-scale clinical trials. A brief discussion of the minimally effective and maximum tolerated dose concludes this review, and provides the basis for a successful translation from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Peter Dungel
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
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110
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Exploring the Effects of Near Infrared Light on Resting and Evoked Brain Activity in Humans Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Neuroscience 2019; 422:161-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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111
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Naeser MA, Ho MD, Martin PI, Hamblin MR, Koo BB. Increased Functional Connectivity Within Intrinsic Neural Networks in Chronic Stroke Following Treatment with Red/Near-Infrared Transcranial Photobiomodulation: Case Series with Improved Naming in Aphasia. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2019; 38:115-131. [PMID: 31621498 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To examine effects of four different transcranial, red/near-infrared (NIR), light-emitting diode (tLED) protocols on naming ability in persons with aphasia (PWA) due to left hemisphere (LH) stroke. This is the first study to report beneficial effects from tLED therapy in chronic stroke, and parallel changes on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Materials and methods: Six PWA, 2-18 years poststroke, in whom 18 tLED treatments were applied (3 × /week, 6 weeks) using LED cluster heads: 500 mW, red (633 nm) and NIR (870 nm), 22.48 cm2, 22.2 mW/cm2. Results: After Protocol A with bilateral LED placements, including midline, at scalp vertex over left and right supplementary motor areas (L and R SMAs), picture naming was not improved. P1 underwent pre-/postovert, picture-naming task-fMRI scans; P2 could not. After Protocol A, P1 showed increased activation in LH and right hemisphere, including L and R SMAs. After Protocol B with LEDs only on ipsilesional, LH side, naming ability significantly improved for P1 and P2; the fMRI scans for P1 then showed activation only on the ipsilesional LH side. After Protocol C with LED placements on ipsilesional LH side, plus one midline placement over mesial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) at front hairline, a cortical node of the default mode network (DMN), P3 and P4 had only moderate/poor response, and no increase in functional connectivity on resting-state functional-connectivity MRI. After Protocol D, however, with LED placements on ipsilesional LH side, plus over two midline nodes of DMN, mPFC, and precuneus (high parietal) simultaneously, P5 and P6 each had good response with significant increase in functional connectivity within DMN, p < 0.0005; salience network, p < 0.0005; and central executive network, p < 0.05. Conclusions: NIR photons can affect surface brain cortex areas subjacent to where LEDs are applied on the scalp. Improved naming ability was present with optimal Protocol D. Transcranial photobiomodulation may be an additional noninvasive therapy for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Naeser
- VA Boston Healthcare System (12-A), Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael D Ho
- VA Boston Healthcare System (12-A), Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paula I Martin
- VA Boston Healthcare System (12-A), Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Bang-Bon Koo
- Brain-Imaging and Informatics Lab (BIL), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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112
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Photobiomodulation Mitigates Cerebrovascular Leakage Induced by the Parkinsonian Neurotoxin MPTP. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100564. [PMID: 31590236 PMCID: PMC6843129 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is commonly used to model Parkinson’s disease (PD) as it specifically damages the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway. Recent studies in mice have, however, provided evidence that MPTP also compromises the integrity of the brain’s vasculature. Photobiomodulation (PBM), the irradiation of tissue with low-intensity red light, mitigates MPTP-induced loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain, but whether PBM also mitigates MPTP-induced damage to the cerebrovasculature has not been investigated. This study aimed to characterize the time course of cerebrovascular disruption following MPTP exposure and to determine whether PBM can mitigate this disruption. Young adult male C57BL/6 mice were injected with 80 mg/kg MPTP or isotonic saline and perfused with fluorescein isothiocyanate FITC-labelled albumin at various time points post-injection. By 7 days post-injection, there was substantial and significant leakage of FITC-labelled albumin into both the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc; p < 0.0001) and the caudate-putamen complex (CPu; p ≤ 0.0003); this leakage partly subsided by 14 days post-injection. Mice that were injected with MPTP and treated with daily transcranial PBM (670 nm, 50 mW/cm2, 3 min/day), commencing 24 h after MPTP injection, showed significantly less leakage of FITC-labelled albumin in both the SNc (p < 0.0001) and CPu (p = 0.0003) than sham-treated MPTP mice, with levels of leakage that were not significantly different from saline-injected controls. In summary, this study confirms that MPTP damages the brain’s vasculature, delineates the time course of leakage induced by MPTP out to 14 days post-injection, and provides the first direct evidence that PBM can mitigate this leakage. These findings provide new understanding of the use of the MPTP mouse model as an experimental tool and highlight the potential of PBM as a therapeutic tool for reducing vascular dysfunction in neurological conditions.
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113
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Salehpour F, Majdi A, Pazhuhi M, Ghasemi F, Khademi M, Pashazadeh F, Hamblin MR, Cassano P. Transcranial Photobiomodulation Improves Cognitive Performance in Young Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2019; 37:635-643. [PMID: 31549906 PMCID: PMC6818490 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM) is a noninvasive modality that may improve cognitive function in both healthy and diseased subjects. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis addresses the question of whether t-PBM improves cognitive function in healthy adults. Methods: We searched MEDLINE using PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to March 2019. We also searched ProQuest and Google Scholar databases for unpublished material. The search was limited to articles on the procognitive effects of t-PBM in healthy adults. The initial search resulted in 871 studies, of which nine publications met our criteria for inclusion and exclusion. Seven studies were performed on young, healthy subjects (17-35 years), and two studies were conducted on older (≥49 years), normal subjects. A meta-analysis was performed on six full-text publications whose subjects were young adults. Results: t-PBM administration improved cognition-related outcomes by an 0.833 standardized mean difference (SMD; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.458-1.209, 14 comparisons) in young, healthy participants. Funnel plotting revealed asymmetry, which was validated using Egger's (p = 0.030) and Begg's regression (p = 0.006) tests. However after reanalysis, this asymmetry disappeared in the attention subgroup, but not in the memory subgroup. The trim-and-fill analysis indicated two studies were lacking required data. Thus, the effect size was adjusted from an SMD of 0.761 (95% CI: 0.573-0.949) to 0.949 (0.779-1.120). The overall quality score of the studies was modest. Conclusions: We demonstrated a significant, beneficial effect of t-PBM on cognitive performance of young, healthy individuals; however, the heterogeneity of the data was high. This could be due to the modest quality or to the low number of included studies, or to the differences between the various subdomains assessed. These shortcomings should be meticulously addressed before concluding that t-PBM is a cognitive-enhancing intervention in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Salehpour
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Niraxx Light Therapeutics, Inc., Irvine, California
- ProNeuroLIGHT LLC, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Alireza Majdi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Faranak Ghasemi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Khademi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fariba Pashazadeh
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Iranian EBM Center: A Joanna Briggs Institute Affiliated Group, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Paolo Cassano
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Maiello M, Losiewicz OM, Bui E, Spera V, Hamblin MR, Marques L, Cassano P. Transcranial Photobiomodulation with Near-Infrared Light for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Pilot Study. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2019; 37:644-650. [PMID: 31647775 PMCID: PMC6818480 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Our aim was to test the anxiolytic effect of transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM) with near-infrared light (NIR) in subjects suffering from generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Background: t-PBM with NIR is an experimental, noninvasive treatment for mood and anxiety disorders. Preliminary evidence indicates a potential anxiolytic effect of transcranial NIR. Methods: Fifteen subjects suffering from GAD were recruited in an open-label 8-week study. Each participant self-administered t-PBM daily, for 20 min (continuous wave; 830 nm peak wavelength; average irradiance 30 mW/cm2; average fluence 36 J/cm2; total energy delivered per session 2.9 kJ: total output power 2.4 W) broadly on the forehead (total area 80 cm2) with an LED-cluster headband (Cerebral Sciences). Outcome measures were the reduction in total scores of the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (SIGH-A), the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) subscale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) subscales from baseline to last observation carried forward. Results: Of the 15 recruited subjects (mean age 30 ± 14 years; 67% women), 12 (80%) completed the open trial. Results show a significant reduction in the total scores of SIGH-A (from 17.27 ± 4.89 to 8.47 ± 4.87; p < 0.001; Cohen's d effect size = 1.47), in the CGI-S subscale (from 4.53 ± 0.52 to 2.87 ± 0.83; p < 0.001; Cohen's d effect size = 2.04), as well as significant improvements in sleep at the PSQI. t-PBM was well tolerated with no serious adverse events. Conclusions: Based on our pilot study, t-PBM with NIR is a promising alternative treatment for GAD. Larger, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Maiello
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Olivia M. Losiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric Bui
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vincenza Spera
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Luana Marques
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paolo Cassano
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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115
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Carneiro AMC, Poiani GC, Zaninnoto AL, Lazo Osorio R, Oliveira MDL, Paiva WS, Zângaro RA. Transcranial Photobiomodulation Therapy in the Cognitive Rehabilitation of Patients with Cranioencephalic Trauma. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2019; 37:657-666. [PMID: 31647777 PMCID: PMC6818475 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This research evaluated the hemodynamic conditions before and after the transcranial photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and investigated neurocognitive changes before and after treatment. Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality among individuals 21-60 years old and causes ∼500,000 people to be hospitalized in Brazil annually. Some survivors develop an irreversible decrease in neurological function, and the mortality rate is as high as 70% in severe cases. PBMT is an alternative to treat secondary injuries due to TBI. Methods: This multidisciplinary clinical study was carried out on 10 chronic adult patients with severe TBI, who were treated with PBMT with an optical device containing 13 sets of 4 light emitting diodes, and underwent hemodynamic transcranial Doppler and neuropsychological evaluation at three different times: pre-PBMT, post-PBMT (after a week), and late-PBMT, which occurred 3 months after the last session. The patients received PBMTs three times a week, for 6 weeks. PBMTs were performed for 18 sessions for 6 weeks and 30 min per session. Results: The results found an alteration in the cerebral blood flow (CBF) as well as a consequent increase of the cerebral oxygenation that helped to improve the cerebral function. Conclusions: The PBMT contributed to increased CBF, evidenced mainly by the increased left peak systolic velocity, which consequently increased the hemodynamic response after the PBMT and impacts on the peripheral cerebral perfusion contributing to improved cerebral function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Costa Carneiro
- Stricto Sensu Program Master and Doctorate in Biomedical Engineering, Anhembi Morumbi University, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Guilherme Cruz Poiani
- Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital das Clínicas of the University of São Paulo Medical School (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ana Luiza Zaninnoto
- Speech and Feeding Disorders Lab, MGH Institute of Health Professional, Marion, Ohio
| | - Rodrigo Lazo Osorio
- Stricto Sensu Program Master and Doctorate in Biomedical Engineering, Anhembi Morumbi University, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brasil
- Center for Innovation Technology and Education (CITÉ), Anhembi Morumbi University, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Marcelo de Lima Oliveira
- Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital das Clínicas of the University of São Paulo Medical School (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Wellingson Silva Paiva
- Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital das Clínicas of the University of São Paulo Medical School (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Renato Amaro Zângaro
- Stricto Sensu Program Master and Doctorate in Biomedical Engineering, Anhembi Morumbi University, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brasil
- Center for Innovation Technology and Education (CITÉ), Anhembi Morumbi University, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brasil
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116
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Mannu P, Maiello M, Spera V, Cassano P. Transcranial Photobiomodulation for Down Syndrome. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2019; 37:579-580. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Maiello
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatric Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenza Spera
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatric Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Cassano
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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117
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Hamilton CL, El Khoury H, Hamilton D, Nicklason F, Mitrofanis J. "Buckets": Early Observations on the Use of Red and Infrared Light Helmets in Parkinson's Disease Patients. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2019; 37:615-622. [PMID: 31536464 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background: Parkinson's disease is a well-known neurological disorder with distinct motor signs and non-motor symptoms. Objective: We report on six patients with Parkinson's disease that used in-house built photobiomodulation (PBM) helmets. Methods: We used "buckets" lined with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of wavelengths across the red to near-infrared range (i.e., 670, 810, and 850 nm; n = 5) or an homemade intranasal LED device (660 nm; n = 1). Progress was assessed by the patients themselves, their spouse, or their attending medical practitioners. Results: We found that 55% of the initial signs and symptoms of the six patients showed overall improvement, whereas 43% stayed the same and only 2% got worse. We also found that PBM did not target a specific sign or symptom, with both motor and nonmotor ones being affected, depending on the patient. Conclusions: In summary, our early observations are the first to note the impact of PBM on patients' signs and symptoms over an extended period, up to 24 months, and lays the groundwork for further development to clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hala El Khoury
- Department of Anatomy F13, University of Sydney, 2006, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Hamilton
- Department of Anatomy F13, University of Sydney, 2006, Sydney, Australia
| | - Frank Nicklason
- Department of Anatomy F13, University of Sydney, 2006, Sydney, Australia.,Geriatric Medicine, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Australia
| | - John Mitrofanis
- Department of Anatomy F13, University of Sydney, 2006, Sydney, Australia
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Abstract
Next to cancer, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia is probably the most worrying health problem facing the Western world today. A large number of clinical trials have failed to show any benefit of the tested drugs in stabilizing or reversing the steady decline in cognitive function that is suffered by dementia patients. Although the pathological features of AD consisting of beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles are well established, considerable debate exists concerning the genetic or lifestyle factors that predispose individuals to developing dementia. Photobiomodulation (PBM) describes the therapeutic use of red or near-infrared light to stimulate healing, relieve pain and inflammation, and prevent tissue from dying. In recent years PBM has been applied for a diverse range of brain disorders, frequently applied in a non-invasive manner by shining light on the head (transcranial PBM). The present review discusses the mechanisms of action of tPBM in the brain, and summarizes studies that have used tPBM to treat animal models of AD. The results of a limited number of clinical trials that have used tPBM to treat patients with AD and dementia are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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119
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Maksimovich IV. Intracerebral Transcatheter Laser Photobiomodulation Therapy in the Treatment of Binswanger's Disease and Vascular Parkinsonism: Research and Clinical Experience. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2019; 37:606-614. [PMID: 31390288 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This research is devoted to intracerebral transcatheter laser photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in the treatment of ischemic and neurodegenerative lesions of cerebral white matter in patients with Binswanger's disease (BD) and vascular parkinsonism (VP) in comparison with conservative treatment methods. Background: Recent studies have shown PBMT high potential in the treatment of various cerebral lesions. Materials and methods: Twenty-seven patients with BD, 58-81 years of age (mean age 78), 17 (62.96%) men, and 10 (27.04%) women. Of these, test group 1-14 (51.85%) patients-underwent intracerebral transcatheter laser PBMT, and control group 1-13 (48.15%) patients-had conservative treatment. Besides, 62 patients with VP, 52-80 years of age (mean age 77), 48 (77.42%) men, and 14 (22.58%) women. Of these, test group 2-37 (59.68%) patients-underwent intracerebral transcatheter laser PBMT, and control group 2-25 (40.32%) patients-had conservative treatment. Results: Good and satisfactory clinical results were obtained in Test group 1 and Test group 2 patients in 49 (92.45%) cases, with a persistent decrease of dementia and motor impairment, and recovery of cognitive functions and daily life activity. Control group 1 and Control group 2 patients showed a satisfactory clinical result in 6 (15.79%) cases. Persistent positive dynamics was not observed. Conclusions: Intracerebral transcatheter laser PBMT is a pathogenetically justified, effective treatment for BD and VP; it restores cerebral collateral and capillary blood supply, improves microcirculation, restores cellular and tissue metabolism, stimulates neurogenesis, and causes regenerative processes in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Maksimovich
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases named after Most Holy John Tobolsky, Moscow, Russia
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120
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Facchin F, Canaider S, Tassinari R, Zannini C, Bianconi E, Taglioli V, Olivi E, Cavallini C, Tausel M, Ventura C. Physical energies to the rescue of damaged tissues. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:297-321. [PMID: 31293714 PMCID: PMC6600852 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i6.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhythmic oscillatory patterns sustain cellular dynamics, driving the concerted action of regulatory molecules, microtubules, and molecular motors. We describe cellular microtubules as oscillators capable of synchronization and swarming, generating mechanical and electric patterns that impact biomolecular recognition. We consider the biological relevance of seeing the inside of cells populated by a network of molecules that behave as bioelectronic circuits and chromophores. We discuss the novel perspectives disclosed by mechanobiology, bioelectromagnetism, and photobiomodulation, both in term of fundamental basic science and in light of the biomedical implication of using physical energies to govern (stem) cell fate. We focus on the feasibility of exploiting atomic force microscopy and hyperspectral imaging to detect signatures of nanomotions and electromagnetic radiation (light), respectively, generated by the stem cells across the specification of their multilineage repertoire. The chance is reported of using these signatures and the diffusive features of physical waves to direct specifically the differentiation program of stem cells in situ, where they already are resident in all the tissues of the human body. We discuss how this strategy may pave the way to a regenerative and precision medicine without the needs for (stem) cell or tissue transplantation. We describe a novel paradigm based upon boosting our inherent ability for self-healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Facchin
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), School of Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna 40100, Italy
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, CNR, Bologna 40100, Italy
| | - Silvia Canaider
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), School of Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna 40100, Italy
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, CNR, Bologna 40100, Italy
| | - Riccardo Tassinari
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, CNR, Bologna 40100, Italy
| | - Chiara Zannini
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, CNR, Bologna 40100, Italy
| | - Eva Bianconi
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, CNR, Bologna 40100, Italy
| | - Valentina Taglioli
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, CNR, Bologna 40100, Italy
| | - Elena Olivi
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, CNR, Bologna 40100, Italy
| | - Claudia Cavallini
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, CNR, Bologna 40100, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Ventura
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), School of Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna 40100, Italy
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, CNR, Bologna 40100, Italy
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Jahan A, Nazari MA, Mahmoudi J, Salehpour F, Salimi MM. Transcranial near-infrared photobiomodulation could modulate brain electrophysiological features and attentional performance in healthy young adults. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 34:1193-1200. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-02710-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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122
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Zomorrodi R, Loheswaran G, Pushparaj A, Lim L. Pulsed Near Infrared Transcranial and Intranasal Photobiomodulation Significantly Modulates Neural Oscillations: a pilot exploratory study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6309. [PMID: 31004126 PMCID: PMC6474892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42693-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) is the application of low levels of red or near-infrared (NIR) light to stimulate neural tissues. Here, we administer tPBM in the form of NIR light (810 nm wavelength) pulsed at 40 Hz to the default mode network (DMN), and examine its effects on human neural oscillations, in a randomized, sham-controlled, double-blinded trial. Using electroencephalography (EEG), we found that a single session of tPBM significantly increases the power of the higher oscillatory frequencies of alpha, beta and gamma and reduces the power of the slower frequencies of delta and theta in subjects in resting state. Furthermore, the analysis of network properties using inter-regional synchrony via weighted phase lag index (wPLI) and graph theory measures, indicate the effect of tPBM on the integration and segregation of brain networks. These changes were significantly different when compared to sham stimulation. Our preliminary findings demonstrate for the first time that tPBM can be used to non-invasively modulate neural oscillations, and encourage further confirmatory clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Zomorrodi
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Vielight Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | - Abhiram Pushparaj
- Ironstone Product Development Inc. & Qunuba Sciences Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lew Lim
- Vielight Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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123
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Wang X, Dmochowski JP, Zeng L, Kallioniemi E, Husain M, Gonzalez-Lima F, Liu H. Transcranial photobiomodulation with 1064-nm laser modulates brain electroencephalogram rhythms. NEUROPHOTONICS 2019; 6:025013. [PMID: 31259198 PMCID: PMC6563945 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.6.2.025013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) with a 1064-nm laser has been reported to improve human performance on cognitive tasks as well as locally upregulate cerebral oxygen metabolism and hemodynamics. However, it is unknown whether 1064-nm tPBM also modulates electrophysiology, and specifically neural oscillations, in the human brain. The hypothesis guiding our study is that applying 1064-nm tPBM of the right prefrontal cortex enhances neurophysiological rhythms at specific frequency bands in the human brain under resting conditions. To test this hypothesis, we recorded the 64-channel scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) before, during, and after the application of 11 min of 4-cm-diameter tPBM (CW 1064-nm laser with 162 mW / cm 2 and 107 J / cm 2 ) to the right forehead of human subjects ( n = 20 ) using a within-subject, sham-controlled design. Time-resolved scalp topographies of EEG power at five frequency bands were computed to examine the tPBM-induced EEG power changes across the scalp. The results show time-dependent, significant increases of EEG spectral powers at the alpha (8 to 13 Hz) and beta (13 to 30 Hz) bands at broad scalp regions, exhibiting a front-to-back pattern. The findings provide the first sham-controlled topographic mapping that tPBM increases the strength of electrophysiological oscillations (alpha and beta bands) while also shedding light on the mechanisms of tPBM in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Wang
- University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Bioengineering, Arlington, Texas, United States
| | - Jacek P. Dmochowski
- City College of New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, United States
| | - Li Zeng
- Texas A&M University, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Elisa Kallioniemi
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Department of Psychiatry, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Mustafa Husain
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Department of Psychiatry, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - F. Gonzalez-Lima
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Hanli Liu
- University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Bioengineering, Arlington, Texas, United States
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Antognazza MR, Abdel Aziz I, Lodola F. Use of Exogenous and Endogenous Photomediators as Efficient ROS Modulation Tools: Results and Perspectives for Therapeutic Purposes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2867516. [PMID: 31049131 PMCID: PMC6462332 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2867516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) play an essential dual role in living systems. Healthy levels of ROS modulate several signaling pathways, but at the same time, when they exceed normal physiological amounts, they work in the opposite direction, playing pivotal functions in the pathophysiology of multiple severe medical conditions (i.e., cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, and aging). Therefore, the research for methods to detect their levels via light-sensitive fluorescent probes has been extensively studied over the years. However, this is not the only link between light and ROS. In fact, the modulation of ROS mediated by light has been exploited already for a long time. In this review, we report the state of the art, as well as recent developments, in the field of photostimulation of oxidative stress, from photobiomodulation (PBM) mediated by naturally expressed light-sensitive proteins to the most recent optogenetic approaches, and finally, we describe the main methods of exogenous stimulation, in particular highlighting the new insights based on optically driven ROS modulation mediated by polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa Antognazza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Abdel Aziz
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Lodola
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
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125
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Salehpour F, Farajdokht F, Mahmoudi J, Erfani M, Farhoudi M, Karimi P, Rasta SH, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Hamblin MR, Gjedde A. Photobiomodulation and Coenzyme Q 10 Treatments Attenuate Cognitive Impairment Associated With Model of Transient Global Brain Ischemia in Artificially Aged Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:74. [PMID: 30983970 PMCID: PMC6434313 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in mitochondrial biogenesis and bioenergetics, combined with neuroinflammation, play cardinal roles in the cognitive impairment during aging that is further exacerbated by transient cerebral ischemia. Both near-infrared (NIR) photobiomodulation (PBM) and Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) administration are known to stimulate mitochondrial electron transport that potentially may reverse the effects of cerebral ischemia in aged animals. We tested the hypothesis that the effects of PBM and CoQ10, separately or in combination, improve cognition in a mouse model of transient cerebral ischemia superimposed on a model of aging. We modeled aging by 6-week administration of D-galactose (500 mg/kg subcutaneous) to mice. We subsequently induced transient cerebral ischemia by bilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery (BCCAO). We treated the mice with PBM (810 nm transcranial laser) or CoQ10 (500 mg/kg by gavage), or both, for 2 weeks after surgery. We assessed cognitive function by the Barnes and Lashley III mazes and the What-Where-Which (WWWhich) task. PBM or CoQ10, and both, improved spatial and episodic memory in the mice. Separately and together, the treatments lowered reactive oxygen species and raised ATP and general mitochondrial activity as well as biomarkers of mitochondrial biogenesis, including SIRT1, PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM. Neuroinflammatory responsiveness declined, as indicated by decreased iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels with the PBM and CoQ10 treatments. Collectively, the findings of this preclinical study imply that the procognitive effects of NIR PBM and CoQ10 treatments, separately or in combination, are beneficial in a model of transient global brain ischemia superimposed on a model of aging in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Salehpour
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Physics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- ProNeuroLIGHT LLC, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marjan Erfani
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Higher Educational Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farhoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pouran Karimi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Rasta
- Department of Medical Physics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Departments of Clinical Research and Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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126
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Chao LL. Effects of Home Photobiomodulation Treatments on Cognitive and Behavioral Function, Cerebral Perfusion, and Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Patients with Dementia: A Pilot Trial. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2019; 37:133-141. [PMID: 31050950 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2018.4555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To examine the effects of transcranial and intranasal photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy, administered at home, in patients with dementia. Background: This study sought to replicate and build upon a previously published case series report describing improved cognitive function in five patients with mild-to-moderate dementia after 12 weeks of transcranial and intranasal near-infrared (NIR) PBM therapy. Materials and methods: Eight participants (mean age: 79.8 ± 5.8 years old) diagnosed with dementia by their physicians were randomized to 12 weeks of usual care (UC, n = 4) or home PBM treatments (n = 4). The NIR PBM treatments were administered by a study partner at home three times per week with the Vielight Neuro Gamma device. The participants were assessed with the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive (ADAS-cog) subscale and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) at baseline and 6 and 12 weeks, and with arterial spin-labeled perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting-state functional MRI at baseline and 12 weeks. Results: At baseline, the UC and PBM groups did not differ demographically or clinically. However, after 12 weeks, there were improvements in ADAS-cog (group × time interaction: F1,6 = 16.35, p = 0.007) and NPI (group × time interaction: F1,6 = 7.52, p = 0.03), increased cerebral perfusion (group × time interaction: F1,6 = 8.46, p < 0.03), and increased connectivity between the posterior cingulate cortex and lateral parietal nodes within the default-mode network in the PBM group. Conclusions: Because PBM was well tolerated and associated with no adverse side effects, these results support the potential of PBM therapy as a viable home treatment for individuals with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Chao
- 1 Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California.,2 Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,3 Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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127
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Chan AS, Lee TL, Yeung MK, Hamblin MR. Photobiomodulation improves the frontal cognitive function of older adults. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019; 34:369-377. [PMID: 30474306 PMCID: PMC6333495 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The frontal lobe hypothesis of age-related cognitive decline suggests that the deterioration of the prefrontal cortical regions that occurs with aging leads to executive function deficits. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a newly developed, noninvasive technique for enhancing brain function, which has shown promising effects on cognitive function in both animals and humans. This randomized, sham-controlled study sought to examine the effects of PBM on the frontal brain function of older adults. METHODS/DESIGNS Thirty older adults without a neuropsychiatric history performed cognitive tests of frontal function (ie, the Eriksen flanker and category fluency tests) before and after a single 7.5-minute session of real or sham PBM. The PBM device consisted of three separate light-emitting diode cluster heads (633 and 870 nm), which were applied to both sides of the forehead and posterior midline, and delivered a total energy of 1349 J. RESULTS Significant group (experimental, control) × time (pre-PBM, post-PBM) interactions were found for the flanker and category fluency test scores. Specifically, only the older adults who received real PBM exhibited significant improvements in their action selection, inhibition ability, and mental flexibility after vs before PBM. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support that PBM may enhance the frontal brain functions of older adults in a safe and cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes S. Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Chanwuyi Research Center for Neuropsychological Well-Being, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz Lok Lee
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael K. Yeung
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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128
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Gordon LC, Johnstone DM. Remote photobiomodulation: an emerging strategy for neuroprotection. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:2086-2087. [PMID: 31397343 PMCID: PMC6788247 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.262573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luke C Gordon
- Bosch Institute; Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel M Johnstone
- Bosch Institute; Discipline of Physiology, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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129
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Hipskind SG, Grover FL, Fort TR, Helffenstein D, Burke TJ, Quint SA, Bussiere G, Stone M, Hurtado T. Pulsed Transcranial Red/Near-Infrared Light Therapy Using Light-Emitting Diodes Improves Cerebral Blood Flow and Cognitive Function in Veterans with Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case Series. Photomed Laser Surg 2018:pho.2018.4489. [PMID: 30418082 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2018.4489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored the outcome of applying red/near-infrared light therapy using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) pulsed with three different frequencies transcranially to treat traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Veterans. BACKGROUND Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) using LEDs has been shown to have positive effects on TBI in humans and animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve symptomatic military Veterans diagnosed with chronic TBI >18 months post-trauma received pulsed transcranial PBMT (tPBMT) using two neoprene therapy pads containing 220 infrared and 180 red LEDs, generating a power output of 3.3 W and an average power density of 6.4 mW/cm2 for 20 min, thrice per week over 6 weeks. Outcome measures included standardized neuropsychological test scores and qualitative and quantitative single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) measures of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). RESULTS Pulsed tPBMT significantly improved neuropsychological scores in 6 of 15 subscales (40.0%; p < 0.05; two tailed). SPECT analysis showed increase in rCBF in 8 of 12 (66.7%) study participants. Quantitative SPECT analysis revealed a significant increase in rCBF in this subgroup of study participants and a significant difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment gamma ray counts per cubic centimeter [t = 3.77, df = 7, p = 0.007, 95% confidence interval (95,543.21-21,931.82)]. This is the first study to report quantitative SPECT analysis of rCBF in regions of interest following pulsed tPBMT with LEDs in TBI. CONCLUSIONS Pulsed tPBMT using LEDs shows promise in improving cognitive function and rCBF several years after TBI. Larger, controlled studies are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gregory Hipskind
- 1 Brain Injury Consulting, LLC , Department of Brain Research, Addison, Texas
- 2 InLight Medical , Medical Advisory Department, Addison, Texas
| | - Fred L Grover
- 3 Revolutionary MD , Department of Medical Research, Denver, Colorado
| | - T Richard Fort
- 4 CereScan Corporation , Department of Imaging Research, Littleton, Colorado
| | - Dennis Helffenstein
- 5 Colorado Neuropsychological Associates , Testing Department, Englewood, Colorado
| | - Thomas J Burke
- 6 University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Physiology (Retired) , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Shane A Quint
- 4 CereScan Corporation , Department of Imaging Research, Littleton, Colorado
| | - Garrett Bussiere
- 4 CereScan Corporation , Department of Imaging Research, Littleton, Colorado
| | - Michael Stone
- 7 Veterans Administration Hospital , Department of Radiology, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Timothy Hurtado
- 8 Penrose-St. Francis Health Services , Emergency Department, Colorado Springs, Colorado
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130
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Gavish L, Houreld NN. Therapeutic Efficacy of Home-Use Photobiomodulation Devices: A Systematic Literature Review. Photomed Laser Surg 2018:pho.2018.4512. [PMID: 30418078 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2018.4512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perform systematic literature review on photobiomodulation (PBM) devices used at home for nonesthetic applications. BACKGROUND Home-use PBM devices have been marketed for cosmetic and therapeutic purposes. This is the first systematic literature review for nonesthetic applications. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted for PBM devices self-applied at home at least thrice a week. Two independent reviewers screened the articles and extracted the data. Treatment dosage appropriateness was compared to the World Association for Laser Therapy (WALT) recommendations. The efficacy was evaluated according to the relevant primary end-point for the specific indication. RESULTS Eleven studies were suitable. Devices were applied for a range of indications, including pain, cognitive dysfunction, wound healing, diabetic macular edema, and postprocedural side effects, and were mostly based on near-infrared, pulsed light-emitting diodes with dosages within WALT recommendations. Regarding efficacy, studies reported mostly positive results. CONCLUSIONS Home-use PBM devices appear to mediate effective, safe treatments in a variety of conditions that require frequent applications. Conclusive evaluation of their efficacy requires additional, randomized controlled studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilach Gavish
- 1 Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Research in Military Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nicolette Nadene Houreld
- 2 Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg , Johannesburg, South Africa
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131
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Migliario M, Sabbatini M, Mortellaro C, Renò F. Near infrared low-level laser therapy and cell proliferation: The emerging role of redox sensitive signal transduction pathways. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201800025. [PMID: 29722183 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lasers devices are widely used in various medical fields (eg, surgery, dermatology, dentistry, rehabilitative medicine, etc.) for different applications, ranging from surgical ablation of tissues to biostimulation and pain relief. Laser is an electromagnetic radiation, which effects on biological tissues strongly depends on a number of physical parameters. Laser wavelength, energy output, irradiation time and modality, temperature and tissue penetration properties have to be set up according to the clinical target tissue and the desired effect. A less than optimal operational settings, in fact, could result in a null or even lethal effect. According to the first law of photobiology, light absorption requires the presence of a specific photoacceptor that after excitation could induce the activation of downstream signaling pathways. Low-level lasers operating in the red/near infrared portion of the light spectra are generally used for biostimulation purposes, a particular therapeutic application based on the radiant energy ability to induce nonthermal responses in living cells. Biostimulation process generally promotes cell survival and proliferation. Emerging evidences support a low-level laser stimulation mediated increase in "good" reactive oxygen species, able to activate redox sensitive signal transduction pathways such as Nrf-2, NF-kB, ERK which act as key redox checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Migliario
- Dental Clinic - Health Sciences Department, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sabbatini
- Science and Technology Innovation Department, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Carmen Mortellaro
- Dental Clinic - Health Sciences Department, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Filippo Renò
- Innovative Research Laboratory for Wound Healing - Health Sciences Department, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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132
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Cassano P, Petrie SR, Mischoulon D, Cusin C, Katnani H, Yeung A, De Taboada L, Archibald A, Bui E, Baer L, Chang T, Chen J, Pedrelli P, Fisher L, Farabaugh A, Hamblin MR, Alpert JE, Fava M, Iosifescu DV. Transcranial Photobiomodulation for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder. The ELATED-2 Pilot Trial. Photomed Laser Surg 2018; 36:634-646. [PMID: 30346890 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2018.4490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Our objective was to test the antidepressant effect of transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM) with near-infrared (NIR) light in subjects suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD). Background: t-PBM with NIR light is a new treatment for MDD. NIR light is absorbed by mitochondria; it boosts cerebral metabolism, promotes neuroplasticity, and modulates endogenous opioids, while decreasing inflammation and oxidative stress. Materials and methods: We conducted a double-blind, sham-controlled study on the safety and efficacy [change in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D17) total score at end-point] of adjunct t-PBM NIR [823 nm; continuous wave (CW); 28.7 × 2 cm2; 36.2 mW/cm2; up to 65.2 J/cm2; 20-30 min/session], delivered to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, bilaterally and simultaneously, twice a week, for 8 weeks, in subjects with MDD. Baseline observation carried forward (BOCF), last observation carried forward (LOCF), and completers analyses were performed. Results: The effect size for the antidepressant effect of t-PBM, based on change in HAM-D17 total score at end-point, was 0.90, 0.75, and 1.5 (Cohen's d), respectively for BOCF (n = 21), LOCF (n = 19), and completers (n = 13). Further, t-PBM was fairly well tolerated, with no serious adverse events. Conclusions: t-PBM with NIR light demonstrated antidepressant properties with a medium to large effect size in patients with MDD. Replication is warranted, especially in consideration of the small sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cassano
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Samuel R Petrie
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Mischoulon
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cristina Cusin
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Husam Katnani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Albert Yeung
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Abigal Archibald
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric Bui
- Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lee Baer
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Trina Chang
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Justin Chen
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paola Pedrelli
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lauren Fisher
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amy Farabaugh
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan E Alpert
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maurizio Fava
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dan V Iosifescu
- Adult Psychopharmacology Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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133
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Stone J, Mitrofanis J, Johnstone DM, Falsini B, Bisti S, Adam P, Nuevo AB, George-Weinstein M, Mason R, Eells J. Acquired Resilience: An Evolved System of Tissue Protection in Mammals. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818803428. [PMID: 30627064 PMCID: PMC6311597 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818803428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review brings together observations on the stress-induced regulation of resilience mechanisms in body tissues. It is argued that the stresses that induce tissue resilience in mammals arise from everyday sources: sunlight, food, lack of food, hypoxia and physical stresses. At low levels, these stresses induce an organised protective response in probably all tissues; and, at some higher level, cause tissue destruction. This pattern of response to stress is well known to toxicologists, who have termed it hormesis. The phenotypes of resilience are diverse and reports of stress-induced resilience are to be found in journals of neuroscience, sports medicine, cancer, healthy ageing, dementia, parkinsonism, ophthalmology and more. This diversity makes the proposing of a general concept of induced resilience a significant task, which this review attempts. We suggest that a system of stress-induced tissue resilience has evolved to enhance the survival of animals. By analogy with acquired immunity, we term this system 'acquired resilience'. Evidence is reviewed that acquired resilience, like acquired immunity, fades with age. This fading is, we suggest, a major component of ageing. Understanding of acquired resilience may, we argue, open pathways for the maintenance of good health in the later decades of human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Stone
- Discipline of Physiology, Bosch Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Mitrofanis
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel M. Johnstone
- Discipline of Physiology, Bosch Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Benedetto Falsini
- Facolta’ di Medicina e Chirurgia, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, Universita’ Cattolica del S. Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Bisti
- Department of Biotechnical and Applied Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, IIT Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genova and INBB Istituto Nazionale Biosistemi e Biostrutture, Rome, Italy
| | - Paul Adam
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Arturo Bravo Nuevo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mindy George-Weinstein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Mason
- Discipline of Physiology, Bosch Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janis Eells
- College of Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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134
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Dubois A, Chiang CC, Smekens F, Jan S, Cuplov V, Palfi S, Chuang KS, Senova S, Pain F. Optical and thermal simulations for the design of optodes for minimally invasive optogenetics stimulation or photomodulation of deep and large cortical areas in non-human primate brain. J Neural Eng 2018; 15:065004. [PMID: 30190446 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aadf97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of optogenetics or photobiomodulation in non-human primate (NHP) requires the ability to noninvasively stimulate large and deep cortical brain tissues volumes. In this context, the optical and geometrical parameters of optodes are critical. Methods and general guidelines to optimize these parameters have to be defined. OBJECTIVE We propose the design of an optode for safe and efficient optical stimulation of a large volume of NHP cortex, down to 3-5 mm depths without inserting fibers into the cortex. APPROACH Monte Carlo simulations of optical and thermal transport have been carried out using the Geant4 application for tomographic emission (GATE) platform. Parameters such as the fiber diameter, numerical aperture, number of fibers and their geometrical arrangement have been studied. Optimal hardware parameters are proposed to obtain homogeneous fluence above the fluence threshold for opsin activation without detrimental thermal effects. MAIN RESULTS The simulations show that a large fiber diameter and a large numerical aperture are preferable since they allow limiting power concentration and hence the resulting thermal increases at the brain surface. To obtain a volume of 200-500 mm3 of brain tissues receiving a fluence above the opsin activation threshold for optogenetics or below a phototocixity threshold for photobiomodulation, a 4 fibers configuration is proposed. The optimal distance between the fibers was found to be 4 mm. A practical implementation of the optode has been performed and the corresponding fluence and thermal maps have been simulated. SIGNIFICANCE The present study defines a method to optimize the design of optode and the choice of stimulation parameters for optogenetics and more generally light delivery to deep and large volumes of tissues in NHP brain with a controlled irradiance dosimetry. The general guidelines are the use of silica fibers with a large numerical aperture and a large diameter. The combination of several fibers is required if large volumes need to be stimulated while avoiding thermal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dubois
- IMNC, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay F-91405, France
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135
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Dissociation of β-Sheet Stacking of Amyloid β Fibrils by Irradiation of Intense, Short-Pulsed Mid-infrared Laser. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2018; 38:1039-1049. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-018-0575-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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136
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Neuroprotective effect of a new photobiomodulation technique against Aβ 25-35 peptide-induced toxicity in mice: Novel hypothesis for therapeutic approach of Alzheimer's disease suggested. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2018; 4:54-63. [PMID: 29955652 PMCID: PMC6021268 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Photobiomodulation was assessed as a novel treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by the use of a new device RGn500 combining photonic and magnetic emissions in a mouse model of AD. Methods Following the injection of amyloid β 25-35 peptide in male Swiss mice, RGn500 was applied once a day for 7 days either on the top of the head or the center of abdomen or both. Results RGn500 daily application for 10 min produced a neuroprotective effect on the neurotoxic effects of amyloid β 25-35 peptide injection when this type of photobiomodulation was applied both on the head and on the abdomen. Protection was demonstrated by memory restoration and on the normalization of key markers of AD (amyloid β 1-42, pTau), oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation), apoptosis (Bax/Bcl2) and neuroinflammation. Discussion RGn500 displays therapeutic efficacy similar to other pharmacological approaches evaluated in this model of AD.
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137
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Brain Photobiomodulation Therapy: a Narrative Review. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6601-6636. [PMID: 29327206 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Brain photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy using red to near-infrared (NIR) light is an innovative treatment for a wide range of neurological and psychological conditions. Red/NIR light is able to stimulate complex IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (cytochrome c oxidase) and increase ATP synthesis. Moreover, light absorption by ion channels results in release of Ca2+ and leads to activation of transcription factors and gene expression. Brain PBM therapy enhances the metabolic capacity of neurons and stimulates anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant responses, as well as neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. Its therapeutic role in disorders such as dementia and Parkinson's disease, as well as to treat stroke, brain trauma, and depression has gained increasing interest. In the transcranial PBM approach, delivering a sufficient dose to achieve optimal stimulation is challenging due to exponential attenuation of light penetration in tissue. Alternative approaches such as intracranial and intranasal light delivery methods have been suggested to overcome this limitation. This article reviews the state-of-the-art preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of brain PBM therapy.
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138
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Poiani GDCR, Zaninotto AL, Carneiro AMC, Zangaro RA, Salgado ASI, Parreira RB, de Andrade AF, Teixeira MJ, Paiva WS. Photobiomodulation using low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for patients with chronic traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial study protocol. Trials 2018; 19:17. [PMID: 29310710 PMCID: PMC5759360 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-2414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photobiomodulation using low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been tested as a new technique to optimize recovery of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of this study is to evaluate inhibitory attentional control after 18 sessions of active LLLT and compare with the placebo group (sham LLLT). Our exploratory analysis will evaluate the efficacy of the active LLLT on verbal and visuospatial episodic memory, executive functions (working memory, verbal and visuospatial fluency, attentional processes), and anxiety and depressive symptoms compared to the sham group. METHODS/DESIGN A randomized double-blinded trial will be made in 36 patients with moderate and severe TBI. The active LLLT will use an optical device composed of LEDs emitting 632 nm of radiation at the site with full potency of 830 mW. The cranial region with an area of 400 cm2 will be irradiated for 30 min, giving a total dose per session of 3.74 J/cm2. The sham LLLT group contains only an LED device with power < 1 mW, only serving to simulate the irradiation. Each patient will be irradiated three times per week for six weeks, totaling 18 sessions. Neuropsychological assessments will be held one week before the beginning of the sessions, after one week, and three months after the end of LLLT sessions. Memory domain, attention, executive functioning, and visual construction will be evaluated, in addition to symptoms of depression, anxiety, and social demographics. DISCUSSION LLLT has been demonstrated as a safe and effective technique in significantly improving the memory, attention, and mood performance in healthy and neurologic patients. We expect that our trial can complement previous finds, as an effective low-cost therapy to improve cognitive sequel after TBI. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02393079 . Registered on 20 February 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme da Cruz Ribeiro Poiani
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Luiza Zaninotto
- Division of Psychology at Hospital of Clinics, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Neurosurgery, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Costa Carneiro
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Anhembi Morumbi University, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Amaro Zangaro
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Anhembi Morumbi University, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Center for Innovation, Technology and Education - CTE, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rodolfo Borges Parreira
- Salgado Institute of Integral Health; School of Postural and Manual Therapy, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Almir Ferreira de Andrade
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wellingson Silva Paiva
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Hamblin MR. Photobiomodulation for traumatic brain injury and stroke. J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:731-743. [PMID: 29131369 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is a notable lack of therapeutic alternatives for what is fast becoming a global epidemic of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Photobiomodulation (PBM) employs red or near-infrared (NIR) light (600-1100nm) to stimulate healing, protect tissue from dying, increase mitochondrial function, improve blood flow, and tissue oxygenation. PBM can also act to reduce swelling, increase antioxidants, decrease inflammation, protect against apoptosis, and modulate microglial activation state. All these mechanisms of action strongly suggest that PBM delivered to the head should be beneficial in cases of both acute and chronic TBI. Most reports have used NIR light either from lasers or from light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Many studies in small animal models of acute TBI have found positive effects on neurological function, learning and memory, and reduced inflammation and cell death in the brain. There is evidence that PBM can help the brain repair itself by stimulating neurogenesis, upregulating BDNF synthesis, and encouraging synaptogenesis. In healthy human volunteers (including students and healthy elderly women), PBM has been shown to increase regional cerebral blood flow, tissue oxygenation, and improve memory, mood, and cognitive function. Clinical studies have been conducted in patients suffering from the chronic effects of TBI. There have been reports showing improvement in executive function, working memory, and sleep. Functional magnetic resonance imaging has shown modulation of activation in intrinsic brain networks likely to be damaged in TBI (default mode network and salience network).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA
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Moro C, Torres N, Arvanitakis K, Cullen K, Chabrol C, Agay D, Darlot F, Benabid AL, Mitrofanis J. No evidence for toxicity after long-term photobiomodulation in normal non-human primates. Exp Brain Res 2017; 235:3081-3092. [PMID: 28744621 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-5048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we explored the effects of a longer term application, up to 12 weeks, of photobiomodulation in normal, naïve macaque monkeys. Monkeys (n = 5) were implanted intracranially with an optical fibre device delivering photobiomodulation (red light, 670 nm) to a midline midbrain region. Animals were then aldehyde-fixed and their brains were processed for immunohistochemistry. In general, our results showed that longer term intracranial application of photobiomodulation had no adverse effects on the surrounding brain parenchyma or on the nearby dopaminergic cell system. We found no evidence for photobiomodulation generating an inflammatory glial response or neuronal degeneration near the implant site; further, photobiomodulation did not induce an abnormal activation or mitochondrial stress in nearby cells, nor did it cause an abnormal arrangement of the surrounding vasculature (endothelial basement membrane). Finally, because of our interest in Parkinson's disease, we noted that photobiomodulation had no impact on the number of midbrain dopaminergic cells and the density of their terminations in the striatum. In summary, we found no histological basis for any major biosafety concerns associated with photobiomodulation delivered by our intracranial approach and our findings set a key template for progress onto clinical trial on patients with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Moro
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Napoleon Torres
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Karen Cullen
- Department of Anatomy F13, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006, Australia
| | - Claude Chabrol
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Diane Agay
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Fannie Darlot
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Alim-Louis Benabid
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - John Mitrofanis
- Department of Anatomy F13, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006, Australia.
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Salehpour F, Ahmadian N, Rasta SH, Farhoudi M, Karimi P, Sadigh-Eteghad S. Transcranial low-level laser therapy improves brain mitochondrial function and cognitive impairment in D-galactose-induced aging mice. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 58:140-150. [PMID: 28735143 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function plays a key role in the aging-related cognitive impairment, and photoneuromodulation of mitochondria by transcranial low-level laser therapy (LLLT) may contribute to its improvement. This study focused on the transcranial LLLT effects on the D-galactose (DG)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and cognitive impairment in mice. For this purpose, red and near-infrared (NIR) laser wavelengths (660 and 810 nm) at 2 different fluencies (4 and 8 J/cm2) at 10-Hz pulsed wave mode were administrated transcranially 3 d/wk in DG-received (500 mg/kg/subcutaneous) mice model of aging for 6 weeks. Spatial and episodic-like memories were assessed by the Barnes maze and What-Where-Which (WWWhich) tasks. Brain tissues were analyzed for mitochondrial function including active mitochondria, adenosine triphosphate, and reactive oxygen species levels, as well as membrane potential and cytochrome c oxidase activity. Apoptosis-related biomarkers, namely, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 were evaluated by Western blotting method. Laser treatments at wavelengths of 660 and 810 nm at 8 J/cm2 attenuated DG-impaired spatial and episodic-like memories. Also, results showed an obvious improvement in the mitochondrial function aspects and modulatory effects on apoptotic markers in aged mice. However, same wavelengths at the fluency of 4 J/cm2 had poor effect on the behavioral and molecular indexes in aging model. This data indicates that transcranial LLLT at both of red and NIR wavelengths at the fluency of 8 J/cm2 has a potential to ameliorate aging-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Salehpour
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Physics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nahid Ahmadian
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Rasta
- Department of Medical Physics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Bioengineering, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Mehdi Farhoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pouran Karimi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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